Nobelium (No) | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®

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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=https://www.twitter.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span></a> <a class="ming-link social facebook" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=https://www.facebook.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a> <a class="ming-link social linkedin" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-elements"><span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span></a> <a class="ming-link social instagram" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=https://www.instagram.com/americanelements/"><span class="sr-only">Instagram</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid" id="main-content"> <div id="page-content">  <div class="banner"> <h1 class="short">Nobelium</h1><span class="element-item2 metal inner-transition" aria-hidden="true"><span class="symbol2">No</span><span class="number">102</span><span class="weight">259</span></span>  </div>  <div id="element-tabs"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified" role="tablist"> <li class="active"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/no.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#about" id="tab1" role="tab" aria-controls="about" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">About Nobelium</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/no.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#properties" id="tab2" role="tab" aria-controls="properties" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/no.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#isotopes" id="tab3" role="tab" aria-controls="isotopes" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Isotopes</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <h2>About Nobelium</h2><img src="images_graphics/element-bohr-models/nobelium-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Nobelium Bohr" width="200" height="200" class="image-left"> <p>The discovery of nobelium, a synthetic member of the actinide series, was fraught with controversy and competing claims, and some disagreement persists to this day. Three separate groups have claimed its discovery, and it wasn’t until the 1990s that the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=http://www.IUPAC.org">IUPAC</a> declared the credit belonged to Russia. It was named nobelium when scientists at the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_gb/institute/">Nobel Institute</a> in Sweden claimed they had discovered it in 1957. That experiment was later discredited and they had to retract their claim, but the name remained. Researchers at <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=http://www.berkeley.edu">UC Berkeley</a> claimed they detected it in 1959, but that work was not verified. Later, work by the Russian <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=http://www.jinr.ru">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</a> was credited as the first to correctly identify nobelium.</p> <p>Only small amounts of nobelium have ever been produced, and its longest-lived isotop has a half-life of only 58 minutes. Much remains unknown about this element and no commercial applications have been developed. However, it has been used to study nuclear fission.</p> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab2"> <h2>Nobelium Properties</h2> <p><img src="Nobelium-Element-Symbol.png" alt="Nobelium (No) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbol" class="image-left" height="55" width="68"><img src="nobelium-bohr.jpg" alt="Nobelium Bohr Model" width="200" height="200" class="image-right"><strong>Nobelium</strong> is a Block F, Group 3, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of nobelium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2 and its electron configuration is [Rn] 5f<sup>14</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup>. The nobelium atom has a Van der Waals radius of 246.pm. In its elemental form, nobelium's CAS number is 10028-14-5. Nobelium is radioactive and its appearance is unknown. The discovery of nobelium was first claimed by researchers in Sweden and then at UC Berkeley in the United States, but these claims could not be verified. The Russian Joint Institute of Nuclear Research was the first team to be able to provide proof of their discovery of the element that was accepted by the international scientific community.</p> <p>Nobelium was named in honor of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite.</p> <div id="table-wrapper"> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion2"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/no.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#general-properties">General Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="symbol">Symbol:</th> <td>No</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th> <td>102</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th> <td>259</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="element-category">Element Category:</th> <td>Actinide</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th> <td>n/a, 7, f</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="color">Color:</th> <td>unknown (presumably metallic/ silvery white/ gray)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="other-names">Other Names:</th> <td>Nobelio</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/no.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#physical-properties">Physical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="physical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th> <td>827°C, 1520.6°F, 1100.15 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density">Density:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>108</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.3</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th> <td>2.7</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/no.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#chemical-properties">Chemical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="chemical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="electrons">Electrons:</th> <td>102</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="protons">Protons:</th> <td>102</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th> <td>157</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th> <td>[Rn] 5f<sup>14</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br> non-bonded (Å):</th> <td>2.46</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th> <td>1.76</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th> <td>246 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th> <td>2, 3</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="phase">Phase:</th> <td>Solid (predicted)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th> <td>Unknown</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>641.6 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1254.3 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>2605.1 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion3"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/no.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#identifiers">Identifiers<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th> <td>10028-14-5</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th> <td>[No]</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th> <td>InChI=1S/No</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th> <td>ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th> <td>24822</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th> <td>23207</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/no.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#abundance">Abundance<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="abundance"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/no.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#history">History<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th> <td>Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th> <td>1966</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <h2>Nobelium Isotopes</h2> <p>Nobelium is an artificial element. It has no stable isotopes.</p> <table class="isotopes-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" id="nuclide">Nuclide</th> <th scope="col" id="mass">Isotopic Mass</th> <th scope="col" id="half-life">Half-Life</th> <th scope="col" id="decay">Mode of Decay</th> <th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin">Nuclear Spin</th> <th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment">Magnetic Moment</th> <th scope="col" id="binding-energy">Binding Energy (MeV)</th> <th scope="col" id="natural-abundance">Natural Abundance<br> (% by atom)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>249</sup>No</th> <td>249.087823#</td> <td>0.8 s</td> <td>a to <sup>245</sup>Fm; SF; EC to <sup>249</sup>Md</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1863.235962</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>250</sup>No</th> <td>250.08756(22)#</td> <td>5.7(8) µs</td> <td>SF; a to <sup>246</sup>Fm; EC to <sup>250</sup>Md</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1856.531006</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>251</sup>No</th> <td>251.08894(12)#</td> <td>0.78(2) s</td> <td>a to <sup>247</sup>Fm; SF; EC to <sup>251</sup>Md</td> <td>7/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1863.235962</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>252</sup>No</th> <td>252.088967(10)</td> <td>2.27(14) s</td> <td>a to <sup>248</sup>Fm; SF; EC to <sup>252</sup>Md</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1871.302124</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>253</sup>No</th> <td>253.090564(7)</td> <td>1.62(15) min</td> <td>a to <sup>249</sup>Fm; EC to <sup>253</sup>Md</td> <td>(9/2-)#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1877.80603</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>254</sup>No</th> <td>254.090956(11)</td> <td>51(10) s</td> <td>a to <sup>250</sup>Fm; EC to <sup>254</sup>Md; SF</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1885.597778</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>255</sup>No</th> <td>255.093191(16)</td> <td>3.1(2) min</td> <td>a to <sup>251</sup>Fm; EC to <sup>255</sup>Md</td> <td>(1/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1891.54187</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>256</sup>No</th> <td>256.094283(8)</td> <td>2.91(5) s</td> <td>a to <sup>252</sup>Fm; AS <sup>252</sup>AS</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1898.641235</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>257</sup>No</th> <td>257.096888(7)</td> <td>25(2) s</td> <td>a to <sup>253</sup>Fm</td> <td>(7/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1904.312134</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>258</sup>No</th> <td>258.09821(11)#</td> <td>1.2(2) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>254</sup>Fm; SF</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1911.128052</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>259</sup>No</th> <td>259.10103(11)#</td> <td>58(5) min</td> <td>a to <sup>255</sup>Fm; EC to <sup>259</sup>Md; SF</td> <td>(9/2+)#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1916.56897</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>260</sup>No</th> <td>260.10264(22)#</td> <td>106(8) ms</td> <td>SF</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1923.139038</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>261</sup>No</th> <td>261.10570(22)#</td> <td>170 min</td> <td>a to <sup>257</sup>Fm</td> <td>3/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1928.317017</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>262</sup>No</th> <td>262.10746(39)#</td> <td>~5 ms</td> <td>SF</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1934.732056</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>263</sup>No</th> <td>263.11072(53)#</td> <td>20# min</td> <td>a to <sup>259</sup>Fm</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>264</sup>No</th> <td>264.11273(70)#</td> <td>1# min</td> <td>a to <sup>260</sup>Fm</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>-</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/slippry.min.js"></script> <div class="scrollup"> ^ </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $(window).scroll(function () { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 350) { $('.scrollup').fadeIn(500); 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