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1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content whole type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT228553_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT228553_0"></i><p> Capitale de l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Un des plus vastes États du Commonwealth d' Australie (984 000 km 2 ), mais d'une population faible (1,55 million d'habitants en 2005) et concentrée pour les trois quarts dans l'agglomération d' Adélaïde (1,1 million d'habitants). Les aborigènes et les métis ne sont que quelques milliers ; les Européens ont colonisé cette région tardivement, à partir de 1837, et n'ont pu mettre en ..." title="Article : AUSTRALIE-MÉRIDIONALE" href="/encyclopedie/australie-meridionale/">Australie-Méridionale</a>, Adélaïde (en anglais, Adelaide) a été fondée en 1837 par des colons venus du Royaume-Uni (South Australian Association, de E. G. Wakefield). La ville, située au pied des monts Lofty sur le golfe Saint-Vincent, a été construite selon un plan géométrique : le centre urbain est entouré de parcs et séparé de North Adelaide par les jardins qui bordent la rivière Torrens. La ville primitive est devenue la City, c'est-à-dire le centre de l'administration et des affaires, avec le Parlement, l'université, la mairie, le palais de justice, les banques, les grands magasins... Au-delà de la ceinture des parcs s'étendent de vastes quartiers résidentiels, constitués de maisons individuelles avec jardin. Les industries se localisent surtout au nord-ouest, entre la ville et Port Adelaide composé d'un vieux port d'estuaire et d'un port extérieur ouvrant directement sur le golfe Saint-Vincent ; il est accessible aux grands navires. Les industries les plus importantes sont les constructions mécaniques (automobiles, matériel ferroviaire, électroménager), l'électronique, la chimie. Une raffinerie de pétrole a été construite un peu plus au sud (Port Stanvac) ; des usines textiles, une raffinerie de sucre, de vastes abattoirs et des silos à grains complètent cet équipement industriel.</p><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="row"><div class="col-12 col-md-6 text-center p-1"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="AT001303" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy media-atlas" title="Média : Australie : carte administrative" href="/media/australie-carte-administrative-at001303/"><img id="AT001303" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/b/csm_at001303_254bb24cbf.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Australie : carte administrative - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Carte administrative de l'Australie." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1935" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Australie : carte administrative </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p></figcaption></figure></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 text-center p-1"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="PH996151" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Edward Wakefield" href="/media/edward-wakefield-ph996151/"><img id="PH996151" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/4/csm_ph996151_1fd9b2c139.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Edward Wakefield - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le Britannique Edward Gibbon Wakefield (1796-1862) fut l'initiateur d'une nouvelle politique de colonisation en Australie et en Nouvelle-Zélande, favorisant le départ et l'implantation de familles constituées." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="828" height="1024" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Edward Wakefield </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p></figcaption></figure></div></div><p>Malgré ce développement des usines, Adélaïde reste une ville agréable, jouissant d'un climat lumineux de type méditerranéen, doux et modérément pluvieux en hiver, chaud et sec en été. La population de l'agglomération était estimée à 1 100 000 habitants en 2005 ; pour éviter un engorgement excessif, une ville satellite, Elizabeth, a été construite plus au nord.</p><div class="clearfix"></div><p class="author"> — Alain HUETZ DE LEMPS</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item 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title="Carte mentale : ADÉLAÏDE" href="/carte-mentale/adelaide/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT228553_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Géographie" href="/classification/geographie/"> Géographie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Géographie urbaine" href="/classification/geographie/geographie-urbaine/"> Géographie urbaine </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Villes d'Océanie"> <a title="Classification : Villes d'Océanie" 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d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yT228553_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Médias</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="AT001303" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy media-atlas" title="Média : Australie : carte administrative" href="/media/australie-carte-administrative-at001303/"> <img id="AT001303" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/b/csm_at001303_254bb24cbf.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Australie : carte administrative - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Carte administrative de l'Australie." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1935" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Australie : carte administrative </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-6 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH996151" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Edward Wakefield" href="/media/edward-wakefield-ph996151/"> <img id="PH996151" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/4/csm_ph996151_1fd9b2c139.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Edward Wakefield - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le Britannique Edward Gibbon Wakefield (1796-1862) fut l'initiateur d'une nouvelle politique de colonisation en Australie et en Nouvelle-Zélande, favorisant le départ et l'implantation de familles constituées." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="828" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Edward Wakefield </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT228553_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/australie/#c30674"> <span class="rg">AUSTRALIE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Benoît ANTHEAUME</span> , <span rel="author">Jean BOISSIÈRE</span> , <span rel="author">Bastien BOSA</span> , <span rel="author">Vanessa CASTEJON</span> , <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> , <span rel="author">Harold James FRITH</span> , <span rel="author">Yves FUCHS</span> , <span rel="author">Alain HUETZ DE LEMPS</span> , <span rel="author">Isabelle MERLE</span> et <span rel="author">Xavier PONS</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">27 355 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">29 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : AUSTRALIE" href="/encyclopedie/australie/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Australie : carte physique - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/4/csm_at001304_341855a574.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...(Australie-Occidentale) qui a presque triplé (1,4 million d'habitants) dans le même laps de temps, occupent désormais les 3<sup>e</sup> et 4<sup>e</sup> places, alors qu' Adélaïde (Australie-Méridionale) plafonne à plus de 1 million d'habitants et n'occupe plus que le 5<sup>e</sup> rang en 2004 (elle était la 3<sup>e</sup> ville... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/australie-meridionale/"> <span class="rg">AUSTRALIE-MÉRIDIONALE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Alain HUETZ DE LEMPS</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">361 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : AUSTRALIE-M&Eacute;RIDIONALE" href="/encyclopedie/australie-meridionale/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Australie : carte administrative - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/b/csm_at001303_82f7f076f1.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Un des plus vastes États du Commonwealth d'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'Australie, île-continent située entre l' océan Pacifique sud et l' océan Indien , ne compte que 22 millions d'habitants (2010) sur un territoire de 7 682 300 kilomètres carrés. Le territoire australien est une partie de l'ancien Gondwana et fut habité il y a 60 000 ans par des populations venues de l'ancien continent de Sahul , aujourd'hui l'Asie. La montée des eaux au..." title="Article : AUSTRALIE" href="/encyclopedie/australie/">Australie</a> (984 000 km<sup>2</sup>), mais d'une population faible (1,55 million d'habitants en 2005) et concentrée pour les trois quarts dans l'agglomération d'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Capitale de l' Australie-Méridionale , Adélaïde (en anglais, Adelaide) a été fondée en 1837 par des colons venus du Royaume-Uni (South Australian Association, de E. G. Wakefield). La ville, située au pied des monts Lofty sur le golfe Saint-Vincent, a été construite selon un plan géométrique : le centre urbain est entouré de parcs et séparé de North Adelaide par les jardins qui bor..." title="Article : ADÉLAÏDE" href="/encyclopedie/adelaide/">Adélaïde</a> (1,1 million d'habitants). Les aborigènes et les métis ne sont que...</p> </div> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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