Pardoning the Thanksgiving Turkey - White House Historical Association

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George Washington, First Pets, White House Garden, etc." autocomplete="off" data-feature="autocomplete"> </div> <button class="button button--primary nav-search-submit" type="submit"> <span class="nav-search-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="nav-search-text">Search</span> </button> </form> </div> <button class="nav-search-close">Close Search</button> </section> </header> <div id="page-wrap" class="page-wrap">  <p id="main-content" class="visuallyhidden">Main Content</p> <main class="main-content " role="main"> <article class="entry entry--section-articles"> <header class="page-header page-header--article page-header--article--no-image"> <div class="wrapper"> <h1 class="page-header__heading">Pardoning the Thanksgiving Turkey</h1> <div class="page-header--article__copyright wrapper wrapper--copy wysiwyg"> <p><small>Copyright © White House Historical Association. All rights reserved under international copyright conventions. No part of this article may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for reprint permissions should be addressed to <a href="mailto:books@whha.org">books@whha.org</small></a> </p> </div> <ul class="page-header__authors"> <li class="page-header__author"> <a href="/authors/betty-c-monkman" class="author__name"> <span>Betty C. Monkman</span> </a> <span class="author__title">Author</p> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <section class="content-block image"> <figure class="image"> <div class="image__bounds-width wrapper"> <div class="image__bounds-height show-more__parent"> <picture> <source media="(min-width:1216px)" srcset="https://d1y822qhq55g6.cloudfront.net/fotoweb/2023/11/57c9f9a392494b5ab08ef80d7250986b.jpg"> <source media="(min-width:811px)" srcset="https://d1y822qhq55g6.cloudfront.net/fotoweb/2023/11/350491ddb05d4bf2818df98b3c3baf64.jpg"> <source media="(min-width:405px)" srcset="https://d1y822qhq55g6.cloudfront.net/fotoweb/2023/11/0cf286acccea4f33a359694bb80f8c30.jpg"> <img src="https://d1y822qhq55g6.cloudfront.net/fotoweb/2023/11/0cf286acccea4f33a359694bb80f8c30.jpg" alt="President Kennedy at Turkey Presentation" loading="lazy"> </picture> <a href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/fotoware?id=3C6764429F03406E BB7F953FE63C4DB8" class="button button--primary show-more__button" aria-hidden="true"> Show Me More </a> </div> </div> <figcaption class="caption"> <div class="wrapper wysiwyg"> <p><p>President John F. Kennedy pardoned a turkey on November 19, 1963, stating "Let's Keep him going."</p></p> <small class="attribution">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum/NARA</small> <p class="show-more__link"> <a href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/fotoware?id=3C6764429F03406E BB7F953FE63C4DB8" class="button button--text">Show Me More</a> </p> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </section> <section class="content-block copy "> <div class="wrapper wrapper--copy wysiwyg"> <p>The official "pardoning" of White House turkeys is an interesting White House tradition that has captured the imagination of the public in recent years. It is often stated that <a href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/questions/which-president-started-the-tradition-of-pardoning-the-thanksgiving-turkey">President Lincoln's 1863 clemency</a> to a turkey recorded in an 1865 dispatch by White House reporter Noah Brooks was the origin for the pardoning ceremony, although this is likely apocryphal.</p> <p>Reports of turkeys as gifts to American presidents can be traced to the 1870s, when <a href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/sourcing-the-white-house-turkey">Rhode Island poultry dealer Horace Vose</a> began sending well fed birds to the White House. The First Families did not always feast upon Vose's turkeys, but the yearly offering gained his farm widespread publicity and became a veritable institution at the White House. At Thanksgiving 1913, a turkey-come-lately from Kentucky shared a few minutes of fame with the fine-feathered Rhode Islander. Soon after, in December, Horace Vose died, thus ending an era.<br /></p> <p>By 1914, the opportunity to give a turkey to a president was open to everyone, and poultry gifts were frequently touched with patriotism, partisanship, and glee. In 1921, an American Legion post furnished bunting for the crate of a gobbler en route from Mississippi to Washington, while a Harding Girls Club in Chicago outfitted a turkey as a flying ace, complete with goggles. First Lady Grace Coolidge accepted a turkey from a Vermont Girl Scout in 1925. The turkey gifts had become established as a national symbol of good cheer.<br /></p> </div> </section> <section class="content-block image"> <figure class="image"> <div class="image__bounds-width wrapper"> <div class="image__bounds-height show-more__parent"> <picture> <source media="(min-width:1808px)" srcset="https://d1y822qhq55g6.cloudfront.net/fotoweb/2023/11/7d0f9b67832345e9a2d92d8c6e87c0bc.jpg"> <source media="(min-width:1205px)" srcset="https://d1y822qhq55g6.cloudfront.net/fotoweb/2023/11/09220a592e28430695d4326f876bf7c6.jpg"> <source media="(min-width:603px)" srcset="https://d1y822qhq55g6.cloudfront.net/fotoweb/2023/11/2f5a6ceabb90438c929e628a6beb619e.jpg"> <img src="https://d1y822qhq55g6.cloudfront.net/fotoweb/2023/11/2f5a6ceabb90438c929e628a6beb619e.jpg" alt="First Official Turkey Pardon" loading="lazy"> </picture> <a href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/fotoware?id=4ACCDB57AD3E4F6B BD41A172B8F7D7EB" class="button button--primary show-more__button" aria-hidden="true"> Show Me More </a> </div> </div> <figcaption class="caption"> <div class="wrapper wysiwyg"> <p><p>With animal rights activists picketing nearby, President George H.W. Bush quipped “But let me assure you, and this fine tom turkey, that he will not end up on anyone’s dinner table, not this guy—he’s granted a presidential pardon as of right now—and allow him to live out his days on a children’s farm not far from here.”</p></p> <small class="attribution">George Bush Presidential Library and Museum/NARA</small> <p class="show-more__link"> <a href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/fotoware?id=4ACCDB57AD3E4F6B BD41A172B8F7D7EB" class="button button--text">Show Me More</a> </p> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </section> <section class="content-block copy "> <div class="wrapper wrapper--copy wysiwyg"> <p>Recently, White House mythmakers have claimed that President Harry S. Truman began the tradition of “pardoning” a turkey. However, the Truman Library & Museum disputes the notion that he was the first to do so. The focus on Truman stems from his being the first president to receive a turkey from the Poultry and Egg National Board and the National Turkey Federation. From September to November 1947, announcements of the government encouraging "poultryless Thursdays" grabbed national headlines. Outrage from homemakers, restaurant owners, and the poultry industry was palpable in Washington. This came to a head when the poultry industry pointed out that the upcoming Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year’s Day, the three big turkey holidays, happened to fall on Thursday. The effort was deflated in time for Thanksgiving, but not before poultry growers had sent crates of live chickens— "Hens for Harry"— to the White House in protest. The turkey they presented to President Truman that December promoted the poultry industry and established an annual news niche that endures today. </p><p>While 1947 was the beginning of the official turkey presentation from the poultry industry, the turkey pardon remained a sporadic tradition. In December 1948, Truman accepted two turkeys and remarked that they would "come in handy" for Christmas dinner. There was clearly no plan for these birds to receive a presidential pardon. The Washington Post used both "pardon" and "reprieve" in a 1963 article in which President Kennedy said of the turkey, "Let's keep him going." During the latter years of the Nixon presidency, Patricia Nixon accepted the turkeys on behalf of the President and in 1973 sent the bird to the Oxon Hill Children’s Farm. The 1978 turkey, presented to First Lady Rosalynn Carter, met a similar fate when it was sent to Evans Farm Inn to live in a mini zoo. </p><p>After 1981, the practice of sending the presentation turkey to a farm became the norm under President Ronald Reagan. The turkey ceremony also became a source of satire and humor for reporters. The formalities of pardoning a turkey gelled by 1989, when President George H. W. Bush, with animal rights activists picketing nearby, quipped, "But let me assure you, and this fine tom turkey, that he will not end up on anyone's dinner table, not this guy -- he's granted a Presidential pardon as of right now -- and allow him to live out his days on a children's farm not far from here.”</p> </div> </section> <div class="entry__footer-info"> </div> <div class="entry__divider-caret"></div> <section class="related-bar" data-module="related-bar"> <div class="related-bar__socials"> <h2 class="related-bar__heading">Share</h2> <nav class="social-list footer-social-list"> <h3 class="visuallyhidden">Find us on...</h3> <ul class=""> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/pardoning-the-thanksgiving-turkey" target="_blank" data-tracking-action="Facebook" class="link--social"> <span class="social-list__icon" aria-hidden="true"> <svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M23.7188 15.25C23.7188 19.6094 20.5195 23.2305 16.3359 23.8633V17.7812H18.375L18.7617 15.25H16.3359V13.6328C16.3359 12.9297 16.6875 12.2617 17.7773 12.2617H18.8672V10.1172C18.8672 10.1172 17.8828 9.94141 16.8984 9.94141C14.9297 9.94141 13.6289 11.1719 13.6289 13.3516V15.25H11.4141V17.7812H13.6289V23.8633C9.44531 23.2305 6.28125 19.6094 6.28125 15.25C6.28125 10.4336 10.1836 6.53125 15 6.53125C19.8164 6.53125 23.7188 10.4336 23.7188 15.25Z"/> </svg> </span> <span class="visuallyhidden"> Share on Facebook </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Pardoning the Thanksgiving Turkey https://www.whitehousehistory.org/pardoning-the-thanksgiving-turkey" target="_blank" data-tracking-action="Twitter" class="link--social"> <span class="social-list__icon" aria-hidden="true"> <svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M19.6758 7.9375H22.1367L16.7227 14.1602L23.1211 22.5625H18.1289L14.1914 17.4648L9.72656 22.5625H7.23047L13.0312 15.9531L6.91406 7.9375H12.0469L15.5625 12.6133L19.6758 7.9375ZM18.7969 21.0859H20.168L11.3086 9.34375H9.83203L18.7969 21.0859Z"/> </svg> </span> <span class="visuallyhidden"> Share on Twitter </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/pardoning-the-thanksgiving-turkey&media=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/images/whha-logo.png?1710425806&description=The official "pardoning" of White House turkeys is an interesting White House tradition that has captured the imagination of the public in recent years. It is often stated that President Lincoln's 1863 clemency to a turkey recorded in an 1865 dispatch by White House reporter Noah Brooks was the origin for the pardoning ceremony, although this is likely apocryphal. Reports of turkeys as gifts to American presidents can be traced to the 1870s, when Rhode Island poultry dealer Horace Vose began sending well fed birds to the White House. The First Families did not always feast upon Vose's turkeys, but the yearly offering gained his farm widespread publicity and became a veritable institution at the White House. At Thanksgiving 1913, a turkey-come-lately from Kentucky shared a few minutes of fame with the fine-feathered Rhode Islander. Soon after, in December, Horace Vose died, thus ending an era. By 1914, the opportunity to give a turkey to a president was open to everyone, and poultry gifts were frequently touched with patriotism, partisanship, and glee. In 1921, an American Legion post furnished bunting for the crate of a gobbler en route from Mississippi to Washington, while a Harding Girls Club in Chicago outfitted a turkey as a flying ace, complete with goggles. First Lady Grace Coolidge accepted a turkey from a Vermont Girl Scout in 1925. 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Pardoning the Thanksgiving Turkey - White House Historical Association