CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>InfiniBand - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8b17bb19-c4d9-4bdf-b01c-cf48a2639bee","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"InfiniBand","wgTitle":"InfiniBand","wgCurRevisionId":1255699100,"wgRevisionId":1255699100,"wgArticleId":143309,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022","Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024","Wikipedia articles containing placeholders","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017","Serial buses","Computer buses","Supercomputing","Computer networks"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"InfiniBand","wgRelevantArticleId":143309,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q922437" ,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/54/InfiniBand_Trade_Association_logo.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1413"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/54/InfiniBand_Trade_Association_logo.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="942"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="753"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="InfiniBand - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-InfiniBand rootpage-InfiniBand skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=InfiniBand" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=InfiniBand" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=InfiniBand" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=InfiniBand" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Specification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Specification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Specification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Topology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Messages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Messages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Messages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Messages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_interconnection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_interconnection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Physical interconnection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_interconnection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software_interfaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software_interfaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Software interfaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software_interfaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethernet_over_InfiniBand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethernet_over_InfiniBand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Ethernet over InfiniBand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethernet_over_InfiniBand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">InfiniBand</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="إنفيني باند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنفيني باند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="اینفینی‌باند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینفینی‌باند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_InfiniBand" title="Bus InfiniBand – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bus InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%94%BC%EB%8B%88%EB%B0%B4%EB%93%9C" title="인피니밴드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인피니밴드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="InfiniBand" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q922437#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/InfiniBand" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:InfiniBand" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/InfiniBand"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/InfiniBand"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/InfiniBand" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/InfiniBand" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&oldid=1255699100" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=InfiniBand&id=1255699100&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInfiniBand"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInfiniBand"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=InfiniBand&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:InfiniBand" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q922437" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Network standard</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">InfiniBand Trade Association</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:InfiniBand_Trade_Association_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/InfiniBand_Trade_Association_logo.jpg/160px-InfiniBand_Trade_Association_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/54/InfiniBand_Trade_Association_logo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Industry trade group</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Promoting InfiniBand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beaverton,_Oregon" title="Beaverton, Oregon">Beaverton, Oregon</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infinibandta.org/">infinibandta.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"IBTA" redirects here. It could also refer to <a href="/wiki/Ibotta" title="Ibotta">Ibotta</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">ticker symbol</a>.</div> <p><b>InfiniBand</b> (<b>IB</b>) is a computer networking communications standard used in <a href="/wiki/High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">high-performance computing</a> that features very high <a href="/wiki/Throughput" class="mw-redirect" title="Throughput">throughput</a> and very low <a href="/wiki/Network_latency" class="mw-redirect" title="Network latency">latency</a>. It is used for data interconnect both among and within computers. InfiniBand is also used as either a direct or switched interconnect between servers and storage systems, as well as an interconnect between storage systems. It is designed to be <a href="/wiki/Scalability" title="Scalability">scalable</a> and uses a <a href="/wiki/Switched_fabric" title="Switched fabric">switched fabric</a> <a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">network topology</a>. Between 2014 and June 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-down_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-down-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was the most commonly used interconnect in the <a href="/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500">TOP500</a> list of supercomputers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mellanox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mellanox">Mellanox</a> (acquired by <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a>) manufactures InfiniBand <a href="/wiki/Host_bus_adapter" class="mw-redirect" title="Host bus adapter">host bus adapters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">network switches</a>, which are used by large computer system and database vendors in their product lines.<sup id="cite_ref-oracle_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oracle-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a computer cluster interconnect, IB competes with <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a>, and Intel <a href="/wiki/Omni-Path" title="Omni-Path">Omni-Path</a>. The technology is promoted by the <b>InfiniBand Trade Association</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>InfiniBand originated in 1999 from the merger of two competing designs: Future I/O and Next Generation I/O (NGIO). NGIO was led by <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, with a specification released in 1998,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and joined by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>. Future I/O was backed by <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the formation of the InfiniBand Trade Association (IBTA), which included both sets of hardware vendors as well as software vendors such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. At the time it was thought some of the more powerful computers were approaching the <a href="/wiki/Interconnect_bottleneck" title="Interconnect bottleneck">interconnect bottleneck</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a> bus, in spite of upgrades like <a href="/wiki/PCI-X" title="PCI-X">PCI-X</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pentakalos_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pentakalos-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Version 1.0 of the InfiniBand Architecture Specification was released in 2000. Initially the IBTA vision for IB was simultaneously a replacement for PCI in I/O, Ethernet in the <a href="/wiki/Central_apparatus_room" title="Central apparatus room">machine room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cluster_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster (computing)">cluster</a> interconnect and <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a>. IBTA also envisaged decomposing server hardware on an IB <a href="/wiki/Fabric_computing" title="Fabric computing">fabric</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mellanox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mellanox">Mellanox</a> had been founded in 1999 to develop NGIO technology, but by 2001 shipped an InfiniBand product line called InfiniBridge at 10 Gbit/second speeds.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the burst of the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a> there was hesitation in the industry to invest in such a far-reaching technology jump.<sup id="cite_ref-kim_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kim-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2002, Intel announced that instead of shipping IB integrated circuits ("chips"), it would focus on developing <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a>, and Microsoft discontinued IB development in favor of extending Ethernet. <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> continued to support IB.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, the <a href="/wiki/System_X_(supercomputer)" title="System X (supercomputer)">System X</a> supercomputer built at <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech" title="Virginia Tech">Virginia Tech</a> used InfiniBand in what was estimated to be the third largest computer in the world at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/OpenFabrics_Alliance" title="OpenFabrics Alliance">OpenIB Alliance</a> (later renamed OpenFabrics Alliance) was founded in 2004 to develop an open set of software for the <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> kernel. By February, 2005, the support was accepted into the 2.6.11 Linux kernel.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2005 storage devices finally were released using InfiniBand from vendors such as Engenio.<sup id="cite_ref-comeback_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comeback-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cisco, desiring to keep technology superior to Ethernet off the market, adopted a "buy to kill" strategy. Cisco successfully killed InfiniBand switching companies such as Topspin via acquisition.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Given citation doesn't support the allegation (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Of the top 500 supercomputers in 2009, <a href="/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet">Gigabit Ethernet</a> was the internal interconnect technology in 259 installations, compared with 181 using InfiniBand.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, market leaders Mellanox and Voltaire merged, leaving just one other IB vendor, <a href="/wiki/QLogic" title="QLogic">QLogic</a>, primarily a <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a> vendor.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 2011 <a href="/wiki/International_Supercomputing_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International Supercomputing Conference">International Supercomputing Conference</a>, links running at about 56 gigabits per second (known as FDR, see below), were announced and demonstrated by connecting booths in the trade show.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Intel acquired QLogic's InfiniBand technology, leaving only one independent supplier.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2014, InfiniBand was the most popular internal connection technology for supercomputers, although within two years, <a href="/wiki/10_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="10 Gigabit Ethernet">10 Gigabit Ethernet</a> started displacing it.<sup id="cite_ref-down_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-down-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, it was reported that <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a> (an investor in Mellanox) might engineer its own InfiniBand hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-oracle_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oracle-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019 <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> acquired Mellanox, the last independent supplier of InfiniBand products.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specification">Specification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Specification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Specifications are published by the InfiniBand trade association. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance">Performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Original names for speeds were single-data rate (SDR), double-data rate (DDR) and quad-data rate (QDR) as given below.<sup id="cite_ref-comeback_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comeback-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, other three-letter acronyms were added for even higher data rates.<sup id="cite_ref-fdr_fact_sheet_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdr_fact_sheet-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>InfiniBand unidirectional data rates </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th rowspan="2">Year<sup id="cite_ref-ccgrid11-ib-hse-23_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccgrid11-ib-hse-23-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Line code </th> <th rowspan="2">Signaling rate (Gbit/s) </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Throughput" class="mw-redirect" title="Throughput">Throughput</a> (Gbit/s)<sup id="cite_ref-ib_over_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ib_over-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">Adapter latency (μs)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>1x </th> <th>4x </th> <th>8x </th> <th>12x </th></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Single Data Rate">SDR</abbr> </th> <td>2001, 2003 </td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Non-return-to-zero" title="Non-return-to-zero">NRZ</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/8b/10b_encoding" title="8b/10b encoding">8b/10b</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><b>8</b> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Double data rate">DDR</abbr> </th> <td>2005 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><b>16</b> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>48 </td> <td>2.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Quad Data Rate">QDR</abbr> </th> <td>2007 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><b>32</b> </td> <td>64 </td> <td>96 </td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Fourteen Data Rate, 10 Gbit/s per lane">FDR10</abbr> </th> <td>2011 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/64b/66b_encoding" title="64b/66b encoding">64b/66b</a> </td> <td>10.3125<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>10 </td> <td><b>40</b> </td> <td>80 </td> <td>120 </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Fourteen Data Rate">FDR</abbr> </th> <td>2011 </td> <td>14.0625<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fdr_fact_sheet_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdr_fact_sheet-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>13.64 </td> <td><b>54.54</b> </td> <td>109.08 </td> <td>163.64 </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Enhanced Data Rate">EDR</abbr> </th> <td>2014<sup id="cite_ref-ib_roadmap_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ib_roadmap-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>25.78125 </td> <td>25 </td> <td><b>100</b> </td> <td>200 </td> <td>300 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="High Data Rate">HDR</abbr> </th> <td>2018<sup id="cite_ref-ib_roadmap_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ib_roadmap-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Pulse-amplitude_modulation" title="Pulse-amplitude modulation">PAM4</a> </td> <td>53.125<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>50 </td> <td><b>200</b> </td> <td>400 </td> <td>600 </td> <td><0.6<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Next Data Rate">NDR</abbr> </th> <td>2022<sup id="cite_ref-ib_roadmap_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ib_roadmap-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>256b/257b<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>106.25<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>100 </td> <td><b>400</b> </td> <td>800 </td> <td>1200 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Extended Data Rate">XDR</abbr> </th> <td>2024<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_crystal_ball" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not"><span title="A number, date or other piece of information needs to be added.">to be determined</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>200 </td> <td>200 </td> <td><b>800</b> </td> <td>1600 </td> <td>2400 </td> <td rowspan="2"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_crystal_ball" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not"><span title="A number, date or other piece of information needs to be added.">to be determined</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="t.b.d. Data Rate">GDR</abbr> </th> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_crystal_ball" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not"><span title="A number, date or other piece of information needs to be added.">to be determined</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>400 </td> <td>400 </td> <td><b>1600</b> </td> <td>3200 </td> <td>4800 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Using Reed-Solomon <a href="/wiki/Forward_error_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward error correction">forward error correction</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Each link is duplex. Links can be aggregated: most systems use a 4 link/lane connector (QSFP). HDR often makes use of 2x links (aka HDR100, 100 Gb link using 2 lanes of HDR, while still using a QSFP connector). 8x is called for with NDR switch ports using OSFP (Octal Small Form Factor Pluggable) connectors <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.nvidia.com/networking/display/cablemanagfaq/cable+and+connector+definitions">"Cable and Connector Definitions"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cable+and+Connector+Definitions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.nvidia.com%2Fnetworking%2Fdisplay%2Fcablemanagfaq%2Fcable%2Band%2Bconnector%2Bdefinitions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span> </p><p>InfiniBand provides <a href="/wiki/Remote_direct_memory_access" title="Remote direct memory access">remote direct memory access</a> (RDMA) capabilities for low CPU overhead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topology">Topology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Topology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>InfiniBand uses a <a href="/wiki/Switched_fabric" title="Switched fabric">switched fabric</a> topology, as opposed to early shared medium <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>. All transmissions begin or end at a channel adapter. Each processor contains a host channel adapter (HCA) and each peripheral has a target channel adapter (TCA). These adapters can also exchange information for security or <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_service" title="Quality of service">quality of service</a> (QoS). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Messages">Messages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Messages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>InfiniBand transmits data in packets of up to 4 KB that are taken together to form a message. A message can be: </p> <ul><li>a remote direct memory access read or write</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Communication_channel" title="Communication channel">channel</a> send or receive</li> <li>a transaction-based operation (that can be reversed)</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Multicast" title="Multicast">multicast</a> transmission</li> <li>an <a href="/wiki/Atomic_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic operation">atomic operation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_interconnection">Physical interconnection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Physical interconnection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Infinibandport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Infinibandport.jpg/195px-Infinibandport.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Infinibandport.jpg/292px-Infinibandport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Infinibandport.jpg/389px-Infinibandport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="206" /></a><figcaption>InfiniBand switch with CX4/SFF-8470 connectors</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to a board form factor connection, it can use both active and passive copper (up to 10 meters) and <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical fiber cable">optical fiber cable</a> (up to 10 km).<sup id="cite_ref-faq_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/QSFP" class="mw-redirect" title="QSFP">QSFP</a> connectors are used. </p><p>The InfiniBand Association also specified the <a href="/wiki/CXP_(connector)" title="CXP (connector)">CXP</a> connector system for speeds up to 120 Gbit/s over copper, active optical cables, and optical transceivers using parallel multi-mode fiber cables with 24-fiber MPO connectors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software_interfaces">Software interfaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Software interfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mellanox operating system support is available for <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux_Enterprise_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise Server">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a> (SLES), <a href="/wiki/Windows_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows (operating system)">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a>, <a href="/wiki/VMware_ESX" class="mw-redirect" title="VMware ESX">VMware ESX</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/AIX" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX">AIX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>InfiniBand has no specific standard <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> (API). The standard only lists a set of verbs such as <code>ibv_open_device</code> or <code>ibv_post_send</code>, which are abstract representations of functions or methods that must exist. The syntax of these functions is left to the vendors. Sometimes for reference this is called the <i>verbs</i> API. The <a href="/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard">de facto standard</a> software is developed by <a href="/wiki/OpenFabrics_Alliance" title="OpenFabrics Alliance">OpenFabrics Alliance</a> and called the Open Fabrics Enterprise Distribution (OFED). It is released under two licenses <a href="/wiki/GPL2" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL2">GPL2</a> or <a href="/wiki/BSD_license" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD license">BSD license</a> for Linux and FreeBSD, and as Mellanox OFED for Windows (product names: WinOF / WinOF-2; attributed as host controller driver for matching specific ConnectX 3 to 5 devices)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under a choice of BSD license for Windows. It has been adopted by most of the InfiniBand vendors, for <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> refers to a software library called <code>libibverbs</code>, for its <a href="/wiki/AIX" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX">AIX</a> operating system, as well as "AIX InfiniBand verbs".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Linux kernel support was integrated in 2005 into the kernel version 2.6.11.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethernet_over_InfiniBand">Ethernet over InfiniBand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ethernet over InfiniBand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ethernet over InfiniBand, abbreviated to EoIB, is an Ethernet implementation over the InfiniBand protocol and connector technology. EoIB enables multiple Ethernet <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidths</a> varying on the InfiniBand (IB) version.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ethernet's implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Protocol Suite">Internet Protocol Suite</a>, usually referred to as TCP/IP, is different in some details compared to the direct InfiniBand protocol in IP over IB (IPoIB). </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Ethernet over InfiniBand performance </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type</th> <th>Lanes</th> <th>Bandwidth (Gbit/s)</th> <th>Compatible Ethernet type(s)</th> <th>Compatible Ethernet quantity </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">SDR </th> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>1</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">000</span>2.5</td> <td>GbE to 2.5 GbE</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>2 × GbE to 1 × <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>2.5 GbE </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>4</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>10</td> <td>GbE to 10 GbE</td> <td>10 × GbE to 1 × 10 GbE </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>8</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>20</td> <td>GbE to 10 GbE</td> <td>20 × GbE to 2 × 10 GbE </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>12</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>30</td> <td>GbE to 25 GbE</td> <td>30 × GbE to 1 × 25 GbE + 1 × <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>5 GbE </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">DDR </th> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>1</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">000</span>5</td> <td>GbE to 5 GbE</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>5 × GbE to 1 × <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>5 GbE </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>4</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>20</td> <td>GbE to 10 GbE</td> <td>20 × GbE to 2 × 10 GbE </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>8</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>40</td> <td>GbE to 40 GbE</td> <td>40 × GbE to 1 × 40 GbE </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>12</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>60</td> <td>GbE to 50 GbE</td> <td>60 × GbE to 1 × 50 GbE + 1 × 10 GbE </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">QDR </th> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>1</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>10</td> <td>GbE to 10 GbE</td> <td>10 × GbE to 1 × 10 GbE </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>4</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>40</td> <td>GbE to 40 GbE</td> <td>40 × GbE to 1 × 40 GbE </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/100_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="100 Gigabit Ethernet">100 Gigabit Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISCSI_Extensions_for_RDMA" title="ISCSI Extensions for RDMA">iSCSI Extensions for RDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWARP" title="IWARP">iWARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates" title="List of interface bit rates">List of interface bit rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_optical_interface" title="Parallel optical interface">Parallel optical interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCSI_RDMA_Protocol" title="SCSI RDMA Protocol">SCSI RDMA Protocol</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-down-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-down_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-down_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2016/06/highlights/">"Highlights– June 2016"</a>. Top500.Org. June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2021</span>. <q>InfiniBand technology is now found on 205 systems, down from 235 systems, and is now the second most-used internal system interconnect technology. Gigabit Ethernet has risen to 218 systems up from 182 systems, in large part thanks to 176 systems now using 10G interfaces.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highlights%E2%80%93+June+2016&rft.pub=Top500.Org&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2Ftop500%2F2016%2F06%2Fhighlights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oracle-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oracle_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oracle_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimothy_Prickett_Morgan2016" class="citation web cs1">Timothy Prickett Morgan (February 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nextplatform.com/2016/02/22/oracle-engineers-its-own-infiniband-interconnects/">"Oracle Engineers Its Own InfiniBand Interconnects"</a>. <i>The Next Platform</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Next+Platform&rft.atitle=Oracle+Engineers+Its+Own+InfiniBand+Interconnects&rft.date=2016-02-23&rft.au=Timothy+Prickett+Morgan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nextplatform.com%2F2016%2F02%2F22%2Foracle-engineers-its-own-infiniband-interconnects%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Bekker1998" class="citation news cs1">Scott Bekker (November 11, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcpmag.com/articles/1998/11/11/intel-introduces-next-generation-io-for-computing-servers.aspx">"Intel Introduces Next Generation I/O for Computing Servers"</a>. <i>Redmond Channel Partner</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Redmond+Channel+Partner&rft.atitle=Intel+Introduces+Next+Generation+I%2FO+for+Computing+Servers&rft.date=1998-11-11&rft.au=Scott+Bekker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frcpmag.com%2Farticles%2F1998%2F11%2F11%2Fintel-introduces-next-generation-io-for-computing-servers.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWill_Wade1999" class="citation news cs1">Will Wade (August 31, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eetimes.com/warring-ngio-and-future-i-o-groups-to-merge/">"Warring NGIO and Future I/O groups to merge"</a>. <i>EE Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EE+Times&rft.atitle=Warring+NGIO+and+Future+I%2FO+groups+to+merge&rft.date=1999-08-31&rft.au=Will+Wade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetimes.com%2Fwarring-ngio-and-future-i-o-groups-to-merge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pentakalos-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pentakalos_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPentakalos" class="citation web cs1">Pentakalos, Odysseas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/network/2002/02/04/windows.html">"An Introduction to the InfiniBand Architecture"</a>. <i>O'Reilly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=O%27Reilly&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+the+InfiniBand+Architecture&rft.aulast=Pentakalos&rft.aufirst=Odysseas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oreillynet.com%2Fpub%2Fa%2Fnetwork%2F2002%2F02%2F04%2Fwindows.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeline-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-timeline_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mellanox.com/page/timeline">"Timeline"</a>. Mellanox Technologies<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline&rft.pub=Mellanox+Technologies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mellanox.com%2Fpage%2Ftimeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kim-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kim_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim" class="citation web cs1">Kim, Ted. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808200954/https://blogs.oracle.com/RandomDude/entry/history_hype_to_pragmatism">"Brief History of InfiniBand: Hype to Pragmatism"</a>. Oracle. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.oracle.com/RandomDude/entry/history_hype_to_pragmatism">the original</a> on 8 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+History+of+InfiniBand%3A+Hype+to+Pragmatism&rft.pub=Oracle&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.oracle.com%2FRandomDude%2Fentry%2Fhistory_hype_to_pragmatism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComputerwire2002" class="citation web cs1">Computerwire (December 2, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/12/30/sun_confirms_commitment_to_infiniband/">"Sun confirms commitment to InfiniBand"</a>. <i>The Register</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Sun+confirms+commitment+to+InfiniBand&rft.date=2002-12-02&rft.au=Computerwire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2002%2F12%2F30%2Fsun_confirms_commitment_to_infiniband%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rdworldonline.com/virginia-tech-builds-10-teraflop-computer/">"Virginia Tech Builds 10 TeraFlop Computer"</a>. <i>R&D World</i>. November 30, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=R%26D+World&rft.atitle=Virginia+Tech+Builds+10+TeraFlop+Computer&rft.date=2003-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rdworldonline.com%2Fvirginia-tech-builds-10-teraflop-computer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSean_Michael_Kerner2005" class="citation news cs1">Sean Michael Kerner (February 24, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internetnews.com/dev-news/article.php/3485401">"Linux Kernel 2.6.11 Supports InfiniBand"</a>. <i>Internet News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internet+News&rft.atitle=Linux+Kernel+2.6.11+Supports+InfiniBand&rft.date=2005-02-24&rft.au=Sean+Michael+Kerner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.internetnews.com%2Fdev-news%2Farticle.php%2F3485401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOpenIB_Alliance2005" class="citation news cs1">OpenIB Alliance (January 21, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hpcwire.com/2005/01/21/openib-alliance-achieves-acceptance-by-kernel-org/">"OpenIB Alliance Achieves Acceptance By Kernel.org"</a>. <i>Press release</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Press+release&rft.atitle=OpenIB+Alliance+Achieves+Acceptance+By+Kernel.org&rft.date=2005-01-21&rft.au=OpenIB+Alliance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hpcwire.com%2F2005%2F01%2F21%2Fopenib-alliance-achieves-acceptance-by-kernel-org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comeback-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-comeback_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comeback_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnn_Silverthorn2006" class="citation cs2">Ann Silverthorn (January 12, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infostor.com/index/articles/display/248655/articles/infostor/volume-10/issue-2/news-analysis-trends/news-analysis-trends/is-infiniband-poised-for-a-comeback.html">"Is InfiniBand poised for a comeback?"</a>, <i>Infostor</i>, <b>10</b> (2)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infostor&rft.atitle=Is+InfiniBand+poised+for+a+comeback%3F&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2006-01-12&rft.au=Ann+Silverthorn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infostor.com%2Findex%2Farticles%2Fdisplay%2F248655%2Farticles%2Finfostor%2Fvolume-10%2Fissue-2%2Fnews-analysis-trends%2Fnews-analysis-trends%2Fis-infiniband-poised-for-a-comeback.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnor" class="citation web cs1">Connor, Deni. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.networkworld.com/article/863883/data-center-what-cisco-topspin-deal-means-for-infiniband.html">"What Cisco-Topspin deal means for InfiniBand"</a>. <i>Network World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Network+World&rft.atitle=What+Cisco-Topspin+deal+means+for+InfiniBand&rft.aulast=Connor&rft.aufirst=Deni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.networkworld.com%2Farticle%2F863883%2Fdata-center-what-cisco-topspin-deal-means-for-infiniband.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawson2009" class="citation web cs1">Lawson, Stephen (November 16, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210929213924/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2521602/two-rival-supercomputers-duke-it-out-for-top-spot.html">"Two rival supercomputers duke it out for top spot"</a>. <i>Computerworld</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/2521602/two-rival-supercomputers-duke-it-out-for-top-spot.html">the original</a> on September 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Two+rival+supercomputers+duke+it+out+for+top+spot&rft.date=2009-11-16&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Farticle%2F2521602%2Ftwo-rival-supercomputers-duke-it-out-for-top-spot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaffo" class="citation web cs1">Raffo, Dave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701002647/http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/storage-soup/largest-infiniband-vendors-merge-eye-converged-networks/">"Largest InfiniBand vendors merge; eye converged networks"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/storage-soup/largest-infiniband-vendors-merge-eye-converged-networks/">the original</a> on 1 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Largest+InfiniBand+vendors+merge%3B+eye+converged+networks&rft.aulast=Raffo&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com%2Fstorage-soup%2Flargest-infiniband-vendors-merge-eye-converged-networks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikael_Ricknäs2011" class="citation news cs1">Mikael Ricknäs (June 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406182103/http://www.cio.com/article/684732/Mellanox_Demos_Souped_Up_Version_of_Infiniband">"Mellanox Demos Souped-Up Version of InfiniBand"</a>. <i>CIO</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cio.com/article/684732/Mellanox_Demos_Souped_Up_Version_of_Infiniband">the original</a> on April 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CIO&rft.atitle=Mellanox+Demos+Souped-Up+Version+of+InfiniBand&rft.date=2011-06-20&rft.au=Mikael+Rickn%C3%A4s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cio.com%2Farticle%2F684732%2FMellanox_Demos_Souped_Up_Version_of_Infiniband&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Feldman2012" class="citation news cs1">Michael Feldman (January 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hpcwire.com/2012/01/23/intel_snaps_up_infiniband_technology_product_line_from_qlogic/">"Intel Snaps Up InfiniBand Technology, Product Line from QLogic"</a>. <i>HPCwire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HPCwire&rft.atitle=Intel+Snaps+Up+InfiniBand+Technology%2C+Product+Line+from+QLogic&rft.date=2012-01-23&rft.au=Michael+Feldman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hpcwire.com%2F2012%2F01%2F23%2Fintel_snaps_up_infiniband_technology_product_line_from_qlogic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-to-acquire-mellanox-for-6-9-billion">"Nvidia to Acquire Mellanox for $6.9 Billion"</a>. <i>Press release</i>. March 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Press+release&rft.atitle=Nvidia+to+Acquire+Mellanox+for+%246.9+Billion&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnvidianews.nvidia.com%2Fnews%2Fnvidia-to-acquire-mellanox-for-6-9-billion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fdr_fact_sheet-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fdr_fact_sheet_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fdr_fact_sheet_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826064526/https://cw.infinibandta.org/document/dl/7260">"FDR InfiniBand Fact Sheet"</a>. InfiniBand Trade Association. November 11, 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cw.infinibandta.org/document/dl/7260">the original</a> on August 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FDR+InfiniBand+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=InfiniBand+Trade+Association&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcw.infinibandta.org%2Fdocument%2Fdl%2F7260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ccgrid11-ib-hse-23-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ccgrid11-ib-hse-23_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandaSayantan_Sur2011" class="citation web cs1">Panda, Dhabaleswar K.; Sayantan Sur (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ics.uci.edu/~ccgrid11/files/ccgrid11-ib-hse_last.pdf#page=23">"Network Speed Acceleration with IB and HSE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Designing Cloud and Grid Computing Systems with InfiniBand and High-Speed Ethernet</i>. Newport Beach, CA, USA: CCGrid 2011. p. 23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Designing+Cloud+and+Grid+Computing+Systems+with+InfiniBand+and+High-Speed+Ethernet&rft.atitle=Network+Speed+Acceleration+with+IB+and+HSE&rft.pages=23&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Panda&rft.aufirst=Dhabaleswar+K.&rft.au=Sayantan+Sur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ics.uci.edu%2F~ccgrid11%2Ffiles%2Fccgrid11-ib-hse_last.pdf%23page%3D23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ib_over-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ib_over_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929111021/http://www.infinibandta.org/content/pages.php?pg=technology_overview">"InfiniBand Roadmap: IBTA - InfiniBand Trade Association"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infinibandta.org/content/pages.php?pg=technology_overview">the original</a> on 2011-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=InfiniBand+Roadmap%3A+IBTA+-+InfiniBand+Trade+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infinibandta.org%2Fcontent%2Fpages.php%3Fpg%3Dtechnology_overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hpcadvisorycouncil.com/events/2014/swiss-workshop/presos/Day_1/1_Mellanox.pdf">http://www.hpcadvisorycouncil.com/events/2014/swiss-workshop/presos/Day_1/1_Mellanox.pdf</a> // Mellanox</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.advancedclustering.com/act_kb/infiniband-types-speeds/">"InfiniBand Types and Speeds"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=InfiniBand+Types+and+Speeds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.advancedclustering.com%2Fact_kb%2Finfiniband-types-speeds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.nvidia.com/networking/display/SB77X0EDR/Interfaces">"Interfaces"</a>. <i>NVIDIA Docs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span></span>. <q>FDR10 is a non-standard InfiniBand data rate, where each lane of a 4X port runs a bit rate of 10.3125 Gbit/s with a 64b/66b encoding, resulting in an effective bandwidth of 40 Gbit/s. FDR10 supports 20% more bandwidth over QDR due to better encoding rate.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NVIDIA+Docs&rft.atitle=Interfaces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.nvidia.com%2Fnetworking%2Fdisplay%2FSB77X0EDR%2FInterfaces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://network.nvidia.com/pdf/user_manuals/SX6518_User_Manual.pdf">"324-Port InfiniBand FDR SwitchX® Switch Platform Hardware User Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>nVidia</i>. 2018-04-29. section 1.2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span></span>. <q>InfiniBand FDR and FDR10 Overview [...] FDR, standard InfiniBand data rate, where each lane of a 4X port runs a bit rate of 14.0625 Gbit/s with a 64b/66b encoding, resulting in an effective bandwidth of 54.54 Gbit/s. The FDR physical layer is an IBTA specified physical layer using different block types, deskew mechanism and framing rules. The SX6518 switch also supports FDR10, a non-standard InfiniBand data rate, where each lane of a 4X port runs a bit rate of 10.3125 Gbit/s with a 64b/66b encoding, resulting in an effective bandwidth of 40 Gbit/s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nVidia&rft.atitle=324-Port+InfiniBand+FDR+SwitchX%C2%AE+Switch+Platform+Hardware+User+Manual&rft.pages=section+1.2&rft.date=2018-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnetwork.nvidia.com%2Fpdf%2Fuser_manuals%2FSX6518_User_Manual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ib_roadmap-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ib_roadmap_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ib_roadmap_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ib_roadmap_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infinibandta.org/infiniband-roadmap/">"InfiniBand Roadmap - Advancing InfiniBand"</a>. <i>InfiniBand Trade Association</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InfiniBand+Trade+Association&rft.atitle=InfiniBand+Roadmap+-+Advancing+InfiniBand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infinibandta.org%2Finfiniband-roadmap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.nvidia.com/networking/display/ConnectX6VPI/Introduction">"Introduction"</a>. <i>NVIDIA Docs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NVIDIA+Docs&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.nvidia.com%2Fnetworking%2Fdisplay%2FConnectX6VPI%2FIntroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.mellanox.com/files/doc-2020/pb-connectx-6-vpi-card.pdf">https://www.mellanox.com/files/doc-2020/pb-connectx-6-vpi-card.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.nvidia.com/networking/display/ConnectX7VPI/Introduction">"Introduction"</a>. <i>NVIDIA Docs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NVIDIA+Docs&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.nvidia.com%2Fnetworking%2Fdisplay%2FConnectX7VPI%2FIntroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/networking-switches-gpu-computing-ai">"NVIDIA Announces New Switches Optimized for Trillion-Parameter GPU Computing and AI Infrastructure"</a>. <i>NVIDIA Newsroom</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NVIDIA+Newsroom&rft.atitle=NVIDIA+Announces+New+Switches+Optimized+for+Trillion-Parameter+GPU+Computing+and+AI+Infrastructure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnvidianews.nvidia.com%2Fnews%2Fnetworking-switches-gpu-computing-ai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faq-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-faq_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124000007/http://infinibandta.org/content/pages.php?pg=technology_faq">"Specification FAQ"</a>. ITA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infinibandta.org/content/pages.php?pg=technology_faq">the original</a> on 24 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Specification+FAQ&rft.pub=ITA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infinibandta.org%2Fcontent%2Fpages.php%3Fpg%3Dtechnology_faq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mellanox.com/page/products_dyn?product_family=193">"Mellanox OFED for FreeBSD"</a>. Mellanox<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mellanox+OFED+for+FreeBSD&rft.pub=Mellanox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mellanox.com%2Fpage%2Fproducts_dyn%3Fproduct_family%3D193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMellanox_Technologies2015" class="citation web cs1">Mellanox Technologies (3 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx5en">"FreeBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual, mlx5en"</a>. <i>FreeBSD Man Pages</i>. FreeBSD<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FreeBSD+Man+Pages&rft.atitle=FreeBSD+Kernel+Interfaces+Manual%2C+mlx5en&rft.date=2015-12-03&rft.au=Mellanox+Technologies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebsd.org%2Fcgi%2Fman.cgi%3Fquery%3Dmlx5en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mellanox.com/page/infiniband_cards_overview">"InfiniBand Cards - Overview"</a>. Mellanox<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=InfiniBand+Cards+-+Overview&rft.pub=Mellanox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mellanox.com%2Fpage%2Finfiniband_cards_overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/pdfs/sg247351.pdf">"Implementing InfiniBand on IBM System p (IBM Redbook SG24-7351-00)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Implementing+InfiniBand+on+IBM+System+p+%28IBM+Redbook+SG24-7351-00%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redbooks.ibm.com%2Fredbooks%2Fpdfs%2Fsg247351.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mellanox.com/page/products_dyn?product_family=32&menu_section=34">Mellanox OFED for Windows - WinOF / WinOF-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_aix_71/com.ibm.aix.rdma/verbs_API.htm">"Verbs API"</a>. <i>IBM AIX 7.1 documentation</i>. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+AIX+7.1+documentation&rft.atitle=Verbs+API&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fen%2Fssw_aix_71%2Fcom.ibm.aix.rdma%2Fverbs_API.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDotan_Barak2014" class="citation web cs1">Dotan Barak (March 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csm.ornl.gov/workshops/openshmem2014/documents/presentations_and_tutorials/Tutorials/Verbs%20programming%20tutorial-final.pdf">"Verbs programming tutorial"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>OpenSHEM, 2014</i>. Mellanox<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenSHEM%2C+2014&rft.atitle=Verbs+programming+tutorial&rft.date=2014-03-11&rft.au=Dotan+Barak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csm.ornl.gov%2Fworkshops%2Fopenshmem2014%2Fdocuments%2Fpresentations_and_tutorials%2FTutorials%2FVerbs%2520programming%2520tutorial-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naddod.com/blog/top-10-advantages-of-infiniband">"10 Advantages of InfiniBand"</a>. <i>NADDOD</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NADDOD&rft.atitle=10+Advantages+of+InfiniBand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naddod.com%2Fblog%2Ftop-10-advantages-of-infiniband&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr2011" class="citation cs2">Kerr, Gregory (2011), <i>Dissecting a Small InfiniBand Application Using the Verbs API</i>, <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.1827">1105.1827</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011arXiv1105.1827K">2011arXiv1105.1827K</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dissecting+a+Small+InfiniBand+Application+Using+the+Verbs+API&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1105.1827&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011arXiv1105.1827K&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfiniBand" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infinibandta.org/">InfiniBand Trade Association web site</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Technical_and_de_facto_standards_for_wired_computer_buses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Computer_bus" title="Template:Computer bus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Computer_bus" title="Template talk:Computer bus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Computer_bus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Computer bus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Technical_and_de_facto_standards_for_wired_computer_buses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Technical</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard"><i>de facto</i> standards</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wired_communication" title="Wired communication">wired</a> <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">computer buses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System_bus" title="System bus">System bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">Front-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-side_bus" title="Back-side bus">Back-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(electrical_engineering)" title="Daisy chain (electrical engineering)">Daisy chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_bus" title="Control bus">Control bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Address_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Address bus">Address bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_contention" title="Bus contention">Bus contention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_mastering" title="Bus mastering">Bus mastering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_on_a_chip" title="Network on a chip">Network on a chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_and_play" title="Plug and play">Plug and play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates#Computer_buses" title="List of interface bit rates">List of bus bandwidths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-50_bus" title="SS-50 bus">SS-50 bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-100_bus" title="S-100 bus">S-100 bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">Multibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unibus" title="Unibus">Unibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAXBI_bus" title="VAXBI bus">VAXBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBus_(SPARC)" title="MBus (SPARC)">MBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STD_Bus" title="STD Bus">STD Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-Bus" title="Q-Bus">Q-Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Card_Bus" title="Europe Card Bus">Europe Card Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Industry Standard Architecture">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEbus" title="STEbus">STEbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_II" title="Amiga Zorro II">Zorro II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_III" title="Amiga Zorro III">Zorro III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Automated_Measurement_and_Control" title="Computer Automated Measurement and Control">CAMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTBUS" title="FASTBUS">FASTBUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Pin_Count" title="Low Pin Count">LPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Precision_Bus" title="HP Precision Bus">HP Precision Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Extended Industry Standard Architecture">EISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMEbus" title="VMEbus">VME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VME_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="VME eXtensions for Instrumentation">VXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXS" title="VXS">VXS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPX" title="VPX">VPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuBus" title="NuBus">NuBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TURBOchannel" title="TURBOchannel">TURBOchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Channel_architecture" title="Micro Channel architecture">MCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBus" title="SBus">SBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VESA_Local_Bus" title="VESA Local Bus">VLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSC_bus" title="GSC bus">HP GSC bus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">InfiniBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Port_Architecture" title="Ultra Port Architecture">UPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI-X" title="PCI-X">PCI Extended (PCI-X)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation">PXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express (PCIe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port" title="Accelerated Graphics Port">AGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compute_Express_Link" title="Compute Express Link">Compute Express Link (CXL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Media_Interface" title="Direct Media Interface">Direct Media Interface (DMI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapidIO" title="RapidIO">RapidIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnect" title="Intel QuickPath Interconnect">Intel QuickPath Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVLink" title="NVLink">NVLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinity Fabric">Infinity Fabric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Ultra_Path_Interconnect" title="Intel Ultra Path Interconnect">Intel Ultra Path Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coherent_Accelerator_Processor_Interface" title="Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface">Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceWire" title="SpaceWire">SpaceWire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ST-506/ST-412" title="ST-506/ST-412">ST-506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Small_Disk_Interface" title="Enhanced Small Disk Interface">ESDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Peripheral_Interface" title="Intelligent Peripheral Interface">IPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_Module_Device" title="Storage Module Device">SMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel ATA (PATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_and_Tag" title="Bus and Tag">Bus and Tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Storage_Systems_Interconnect" title="Digital Storage Systems Interconnect">DSSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIPPI" title="HIPPI">HIPPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">Serial ATA (SATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI">SAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESCON" title="ESCON">ESCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Storage_Architecture" title="Serial Storage Architecture">SSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATAe</a></li> <li>PCI Express (via <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">AHCI</a> or <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a> logical device interface)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripheral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Apple Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_SIO" title="Atari SIO">Atari SIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Control_Bus" title="Digital Control Bus">DCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_bus" title="Commodore bus">Commodore bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP-IL" title="HP-IL">HP-IL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIL_bus" title="HIL bus">HIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-423" title="RS-423">RS-423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">RS-485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_(connector)" title="Lightning (connector)">Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMX512#DMX512-A" title="DMX512">DMX512-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE-488" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE-488">IEEE-488 (GPIB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1284" title="IEEE 1284">IEEE-1284 (parallel port)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE-1394 (FireWire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNI/O" title="UNI/O">UNI/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Wire" title="1-Wire">1-Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2C" title="I²C">I²C</a> (<a href="/wiki/ACCESS.bus" title="ACCESS.bus">ACCESS.bus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_Management_Bus" title="Power Management Bus">PMBus</a>, <a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I3C_(bus)" title="I3C (bus)">I3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface" title="Serial Peripheral Interface">SPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">D²B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel SCSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profibus" title="Profibus">Profibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Link" title="Camera Link">Camera Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express#PCI_Express_External_Cabling" title="PCI Express">External PCIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAT_Lightpipe" title="ADAT Lightpipe">ADAT Lightpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">AES3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_High_Definition_Audio" title="Intel High Definition Audio">Intel HD Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2S" title="I²S">I²S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MADI" title="MADI">MADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McASP" title="McASP">McASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOSLINK" title="TOSLINK">TOSLINK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExpressCard" title="ExpressCard">ExpressCard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Embedded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">Multidrop bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoreConnect" title="CoreConnect">CoreConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Microcontroller_Bus_Architecture" title="Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture">AMBA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Advanced_eXtensible_Interface" title="Advanced eXtensible Interface">AXI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishbone_(computer_bus)" title="Wishbone (computer bus)">Wishbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLIMbus" title="SLIMbus">SLIMbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.</small><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_buses" title="Category:Computer buses">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922437#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2002000596">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007566350705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&oldid=1255699100">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&oldid=1255699100</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Serial_buses" title="Category:Serial buses">Serial buses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_buses" title="Category:Computer buses">Computer buses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Supercomputing" title="Category:Supercomputing">Supercomputing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_networks" title="Category:Computer networks">Computer networks</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022">Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_PDF_format_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations">Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_containing_placeholders" title="Category:Wikipedia articles containing placeholders">Wikipedia articles containing placeholders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 05:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=InfiniBand&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6f5tb","wgBackendResponseTime":134,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.531","walltime":"0.718","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4123,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":98333,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3520,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":146025,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 633.833 1 -total"," 24.71% 156.634 2 Template:Reflist"," 24.29% 153.929 28 Template:Cite_web"," 20.28% 128.548 1 Template:Short_description"," 14.11% 89.451 10 Template:Main_other"," 13.65% 86.537 1 Template:SDcat"," 11.79% 74.719 1 Template:Computer-bus"," 11.38% 72.145 1 Template:Navbox"," 9.67% 61.304 1 Template:Infobox_organization"," 9.39% 59.503 4 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.317","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6853032,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-nlc6d","timestamp":"20241123113501","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"InfiniBand","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/InfiniBand","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q922437","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q922437","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-02T17:15:24Z","dateModified":"2024-11-06T05:53:13Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/5\/54\/InfiniBand_Trade_Association_logo.jpg","headline":"high-speed, low-latency computer networking bus"}</script> </body> </html>