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title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" 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id="toc-Vikings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vikings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vikings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vikings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scandinavians_in_fiction_and_theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandinavians_in_fiction_and_theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scandinavians in fiction and theater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandinavians_in_fiction_and_theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 141 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-141" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">141 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinawi%C3%AB" title="Skandinawië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skandinawië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B2%E1%8A%93%E1%89%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ስካንዲናቪያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስካንዲናቪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إسكندنافيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسكندنافيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandinavia" title="Escandinavia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Escandinavia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandinavia" title="Escandinavia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Escandinavia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinaviya" title="Skandinaviya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Skandinaviya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ایسکاندیناوی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسکاندیناوی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="স্ক্যান্ডিনেভিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্ক্যান্ডিনেভিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Скандинавия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Скандинавия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Скандынавія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Скандынавія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Скандынавія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Скандынавія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Скандинавия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Скандинавия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Skandinavija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escandinàvia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Скандинави – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Скандинави" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskandinabya" title="Eskandinabya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Eskandinabya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandin%C3%A1vie" title="Skandinávie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Skandinávie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llychlyn" title="Llychlyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llychlyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinawiska" title="Skandinawiska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Skandinawiska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinaavia" title="Skandinaavia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Skandinaavia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σκανδιναβία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σκανδιναβία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandinavia" title="Escandinavia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escandinavia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavio" title="Skandinavio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Skandinavio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskandinavia" title="Eskandinavia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskandinavia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اسکاندیناوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسکاندیناوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavie" title="Scandinavie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Scandinavie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinaavje" title="Skandinaavje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skandinaavje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavie" title="Scandinavie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Scandinavie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADoch_Lochlann" title="Críoch Lochlann – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Críoch Lochlann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loghlin" title="Loghlin – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Loghlin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lochlann" title="Lochlann – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lochlann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandinavia" title="Escandinavia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Escandinavia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="ايسکانديناوي – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايسکانديناوي" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B8%EB%94%94%EB%82%98%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="스칸디나비아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스칸디나비아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սկանդինավիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սկանդինավիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="स्कैण्डिनेवियाई देश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्कैण्डिनेवियाई देश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinawiska" title="Skandinawiska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Skandinawiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Skandinavija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Скандинави – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Скандинави" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinav%C3%ADa" title="Skandinavía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skandinavía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="סקנדינביה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סקנדינביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavii" title="Skandinavii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Skandinavii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಸ್ಕ್ಯಾಂಡಿನೇವಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಕ್ಯಾಂಡಿನೇವಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სკანდინავია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სკანდინავია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Скандинавия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Скандинавия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skand%C3%AEnavya" title="Skandînavya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Skandînavya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Скандинави – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Скандинави" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandin%C4%81vija" title="Skandināvija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skandināvija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skandinavija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavi%C3%AB" title="Scandinavië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Scandinavië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bertu%27a" title="bertu'a – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bertu'a" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandin%C3%A1via" title="Skandinávia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Skandinávia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Скандинавија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Скандинавија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="स्कँडिनेव्हिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्कँडिनेव्हिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სკანდინავია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სკანდინავია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اسكندنافيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسكندنافيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اسکاندیناوی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسکاندیناوی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Скандинав – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Скандинав" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="စကင်ဒီနေးဗီးယား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စကင်ဒီနေးဗီးယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikadinavia" title="Sikadinavia – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Sikadinavia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavi%C3%AB" title="Scandinavië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Scandinavië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavie" title="Skandinavie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Skandinavie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="スカンディナヴィア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スカンディナヴィア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinoowien" title="Skandinoowien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Skandinoowien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escaundinavie" title="Escaundinavie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Escaundinavie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Escandinàvia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Скандинавий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Скандинавий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinaviya" title="Skandinaviya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Skandinaviya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਸਕੈਂਡੀਨੇਵੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਕੈਂਡੀਨੇਵੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سکینڈینیویا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سکینڈینیویا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8" title="ស្កង់ឌីណាវី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស្កង់ឌីណាវី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandynawia" title="Skandynawia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skandynawia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandin%C3%A1via" title="Escandinávia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escandinávia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Шкандінавія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Шкандінавія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Скандинавия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Скандинавия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iscandin%C3%A0via" title="Iscandinàvia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Iscandinàvia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavie" title="Scandinavie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Scandinavie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ස්කැන්ඩිනේවියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්කැන්ඩිනේවියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اسڪينڊينيويا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسڪينڊينيويا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kandin%C3%A1via" title="Škandinávia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Škandinávia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Skandinavija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskandanefiyan" title="Iskandanefiyan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Iskandanefiyan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سکاندیناڤیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سکاندیناڤیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Скандинавија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Скандинавија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Skandinavija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="எசுக்காண்டினாவியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசுக்காண்டினாவியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skundinavya" title="Skundinavya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Skundinavya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Скандинавия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Скандинавия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="స్కాండినేవియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్కాండినేవియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สแกนดิเนเวีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สแกนดิเนเวีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0skandinavya" title="İskandinavya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İskandinavya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Скандинавія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Скандинавія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اسکینڈینیویا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسکینڈینیویا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="شىمالىي ياۋروپا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىمالىي ياۋروپا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandin%C3%A0via" title="Scandinàvia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Scandinàvia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavii" title="Skandinavii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Skandinavii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinaavia" title="Skandinaavia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Skandinaavia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinoavi%C3%AB" title="Scandinoavië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Scandinoavië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskandinabya" title="Eskandinabya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Eskandinabya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%B3%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="斯堪的纳维亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯堪的纳维亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A2" title="סקאנדינאוויע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סקאנדינאוויע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%8D%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="斯堪的納維亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斯堪的納維亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0skandinavya" title="İskandinavya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İskandinavya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%B3%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="斯堪的纳维亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯堪的纳维亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21195#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Scandinavia_M2002074_lrg.jpg/200px-Scandinavia_M2002074_lrg.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Scandinavia_M2002074_lrg.jpg/300px-Scandinavia_M2002074_lrg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Scandinavia_M2002074_lrg.jpg/400px-Scandinavia_M2002074_lrg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6800" data-file-height="8800" /></a><figcaption>Satellite photo of Scandinavia, February <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Scandinavia</b> is a group of <a href="/wiki/Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries">countries</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">northern Europe</a>. Scandinavia has <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. Some people also think <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> is part of Scandinavia and that <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> should count.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the time, "Scandinavia" is used to mean places where people speak <b>Scandinavian languages</b>, also called <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="North Germanic languages">North Germanic languages</a> or Nordic. The Scandinavian languages (Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic, and Faroese) are very similar to each other, and many Scandinavians understand parts of the other languages because they are alike. Finnish is not part of the North Germanic language group. </p><p>What people mean when they say "Scandinavia" depends on what they think is important at the time. When people talk about about <a href="/wiki/Map" title="Map">map</a>s, natural land formations and how the <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a> works, they may say Finland is part of Scandinavia but Iceland is not. When people talk about <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> and what languages people speak, they say Iceland is part of Scandinavia but Finland is not.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Scandinavian Peninsula is a large <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> reaching west from northern Europe over the north side of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>. Norway, Sweden and some of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> are on this peninsula. However, Denmark is considered part of Scandinavia in the ethnic sense more often than Finland is. This is because <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> is a Scandinavian language but <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> is not. </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>" include Norway, Sweden, Denmark (including the Faroe Islands), Finland, and Iceland. These five countries use the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a> to work together on political and cultural activities. Denmark, Sweden, and Finland are also members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, but only Finland is part of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a>, meaning that it uses the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> as its <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">money</a>. The other Nordic countries still use their own money, called <i>krone</i> or <i>krona</i> (from the word "crowns"). Norway and Iceland, which are not members of the EU, are members of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Free_Trade_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Free Trade Association (not yet started)">European Free Trade Association</a> (EFTA). Only Denmark, Sweden and Finland are members of both the EU and NATO. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Scandinavia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Map_of_Scandinavia.svg/200px-Map_of_Scandinavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Map_of_Scandinavia.svg/300px-Map_of_Scandinavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Map_of_Scandinavia.svg/400px-Map_of_Scandinavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7263850">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> </span> The most common usage: the three monarchies Denmark, Norway and Sweden</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7263850"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:rgb(255, 127, 0); color:black;"> </span> An extended usage, including Finland, Svalbard, Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands</div></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Geography" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geography"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the Scandinavian Peninsula has only a few people in it. It has large forests of <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spruce" title="Spruce">spruce</a> trees. The western and northern parts are mountainous. The Scandinavian mountains are some of the oldest in the world. The tallest mountain is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galdh%C3%B8piggen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galdhøpiggen (not yet started)">Galdhøpiggen</a> in Norway. Denmark (43,098 km<sup>2</sup>) is the smallest of the Scandinavian countries. It is more densely populated, and most of the land is farmland. Sweden (449,964 km<sup>2</sup>) is the largest of the Scandinavian countries. It has the most <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lakes</a>, and the landscape ranges from <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/plain" class="extiw" title="wikt:plain">plains</a> in the south to mountains in the west (along the border with Norway) to <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a> in the north. The far north of Scandinavia and Finland is called <a href="/wiki/Lapland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapland">Lapland</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi" title="Sámi">Sámi</a> live. Some of them still herd <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a>, but most Sami live in modern houses and have modern jobs, like other Scandinavians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vikings">Vikings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Vikings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Vikings"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most famous group of Scandinavians were the <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Vikings</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. The Vikings attacked and raided but they were also <a href="/wiki/Trader" title="Trader">traders</a>, traveling to <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and starting trade routes to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. </p><p>Vikings from Norway were <a href="/wiki/Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorer">explorers</a>, crossing the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic">North Atlantic</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">longships</a>. They came to Iceland and <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and built towns and farms there. The Norwegian explorers also came to the east coast of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. They built at least one town there, but it did not last into modern times.<sup id="cite_ref-ROM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ROM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vikings from Denmark came to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, where they affected the history and politics and the English language. Danish raiders attacked England many times with great violence. Sometimes the Danes would ask that the English pay them to go away. These payments were called "<a href="/wiki/Danegeld" title="Danegeld">Danegeld</a>" (Danish gold). The <a href="/wiki/Priests" class="mw-redirect" title="Priests">priests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a> of churches on the east coast of England wrote a famous prayer: "deliver us, O Lord, from the wrath of the Norsemen!" "Norsemen" is another way to say "men from the north," or the Danes.<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordED_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordED-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OxfordED2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordED2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scandinavians_in_fiction_and_theater">Scandinavians in fiction and theater</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Scandinavians in fiction and theater" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Scandinavians in fiction and theater"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much later, in the 19th century (1800s), <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> and other artists in the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic period</a> made <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operas</a> and other artwork about ancient <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic culture (not yet started)">Germanic culture</a>. They liked the Vikings because they were not <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a> or <a href="/wiki/Roman" class="mw-disambig" title="Roman">Romans</a>. They were the first to have the idea of Vikings wearing <a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">helmets</a> with wings or horns on them and drinking out of hollowed-out animal <a href="/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)" title="Horn (anatomy)">horns</a>. Some ancient Germans wore helmets with horns on them, but real Vikings did not. Wagner and his partners dressed the actors in the opera <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_des_Nibelungen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ring des Nibelungen (not yet started)">Ring des Nibelungen</a></i> so they would look like ancient Germans and so the audience would feel like modern Germans came from medieval Vikings.<sup id="cite_ref-Vox_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vox-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frank_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frank-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/10th_century" title="10th century">10th</a> through 13th centuries, when <a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">the Christian religion spread through Scandiavia</a>, modern countries started to form there. They came together into three kingdoms: </p> <ul><li>Denmark</li> <li>Sweden</li> <li>Norway</li></ul> <p>These three Scandinavian kingdoms made the <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a> in 1387 under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Queen_Margaret_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Queen Margaret I (not yet started)">Queen Margaret I</a> of Denmark. In 1523, Sweden left the union. Because of this, <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> started in Denmark and Norway. Then, the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> happened, and Catholic and Protestant Christians fought each other. After things settled, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_Privy_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norwegian Privy Council (not yet started)">Norwegian Privy Council</a> was abolished: it assembled for the last time in 1537. Denmark and Norway formed another union in 1536, and it lasted until 1814. It turned into the three modern countries Denmark, Norway and Iceland. </p><p>The borders between Denmark, Sweden and Norway came to the shape they have today in the middle of the <a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a>. In the 1645 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Br%C3%B6msebro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Brömsebro (not yet started)">Treaty of Brömsebro</a>, Denmark–Norway gave some land to Sweden: the Norwegian provinces of <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland" title="Jämtland">Jämtland</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rjedalen" title="Härjedalen">Härjedalen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idre" title="Idre">Idre</a> & <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4rna" title="Särna">Särna</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> islands of <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96sel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ösel (not yet started)">Ösel</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>). The 1658 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Roskilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Roskilde (not yet started)">Treaty of Roskilde</a> forced Denmark–Norway to give the Danish provinces <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A5ne" title="Skåne">Scania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blekinge" title="Blekinge">Blekinge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halland" title="Halland">Halland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a>, and the Norwegian provinces of <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A5huslen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Båhuslen (not yet started)">Båhuslen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Trøndelag">Trøndelag</a> to Sweden. In 1660, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Copenhagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Copenhagen (not yet started)">Treaty of Copenhagen</a> forced Sweden to give Bornholm and Trøndelag back to Denmark–Norway. </p><p>Finland used to be part of Sweden in medieval times. During the wars fought by <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic wars">Napoleon</a>, it became part of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brit_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brit_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEditors_of_Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="citation web cs1">Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Scandinavia/">"Scandinavia"</a>. Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scandinavia&rft.pub=Britannica&rft.au=Editors+of+Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FScandinavia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AScandinavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ROM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ROM_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCraig_Cippola2017" class="citation web cs1">Craig Cippola (October 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rom.on.ca/en/blog/vikings-in-canada">"Vikings in Canada"</a>. Royal Ontario Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vikings+in+Canada&rft.pub=Royal+Ontario+Museum&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft.au=Craig+Cippola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rom.on.ca%2Fen%2Fblog%2Fvikings-in-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AScandinavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OxfordED-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OxfordED_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122080633/https://www.lexico.com/definition/danegeld">"Danegeld"</a>. Oxford English Dictionaries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/definition/danegeld">the original</a> on November 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Danegeld&rft.pub=Oxford+English+Dictionaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fdanegeld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AScandinavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OxfordED2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OxfordED2_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029011319/https://www.lexico.com/definition/norse">"Norse"</a>. Oxford English Dictionaries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/definition/norse">the original</a> on October 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norse&rft.pub=Oxford+English+Dictionaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fnorse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AScandinavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vox-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Vox_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPhil_EdwardsChristophe_Haubersin2016" class="citation web cs1">Phil Edwards; Christophe Haubersin (April 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2016/4/29/11526568/vikings-horned-helmets">"Vikings never wore horned helmets. Here's why people thought they did"</a>. Vox<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vikings+never+wore+horned+helmets.+Here%27s+why+people+thought+they+did.&rft.pub=Vox&rft.date=2016-04-29&rft.au=Phil+Edwards&rft.au=Christophe+Haubersin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2016%2F4%2F29%2F11526568%2Fvikings-horned-helmets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AScandinavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frank-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Frank_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRoberta_Frank" class="citation web cs1">Roberta Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/51267328/Frank-Invention-of-Horned-Helmet?campaign=SkimbitLtd&ad_group=66960X1516588X9b732bee5f3e35091598c3e28c0cd214&keyword=660149026&source=hp_affiliate&medium=affiliate">"The Invention of the Viking Horned Helmet"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Invention+of+the+Viking+Horned+Helmet&rft.au=Roberta+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F51267328%2FFrank-Invention-of-Horned-Helmet%3Fcampaign%3DSkimbitLtd%26ad_group%3D66960X1516588X9b732bee5f3e35091598c3e28c0cd214%26keyword%3D660149026%26source%3Dhp_affiliate%26medium%3Daffiliate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AScandinavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&oldid=9549743">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&oldid=9549743</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peninsulas_of_Europe" title="Category:Peninsulas of Europe">Peninsulas of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Europe" title="Category:Regions of Europe">Regions of Europe</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 17 May 2024, at 12:45.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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