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one non nucleoside reverse transcriptase (nevirapine) inhibitor. The frequencies of T215S/Y/F, M41L, D67N, L210W K70R, K219Q mutations, detectable in plasma samples, conferring resistance to zidovudine were 61.2, 56.2, 36.2, 31.5, 27.5 and 17.5%, respectively. Mutations (M184V or M184I) conferring resistance to lamivudine were detected in an extremely high percentage of patients (61%). Among mutations correlated to high (K103N, V106A, Y181C/I, Y188C/H/L, G190A/C/E/Q/S/T) or moderate (V108I, V118I) levels of nevirapine resistance, the predominant amino acid change was a substitution at 103 codon, present in 24 of 80 samples tested. Finally Q151M, the marker mutation able to confer resistance to all nucleoside analogues, was detected in seven patients with a viral load of between 1 )/10 4 and 9 )/10 4 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml. The relationship between the genotype and the viral load showed that the incidence of some specific mutations [M41L, T215Y (correlated to zidovudine resistance) and K103N (correlated to all NNRTIs drugs)] significantly (P 0/0.001) increased with higher viral load. Our results, albeit limited to a small cohort, showed a high frequency of mutations correlated to drugs in use, suggesting a need for therapeutic change in the near future and demonstrating that the development of genotyping tests helps to guide the therapeutic management of HIV-1 infected people. Our data highlight the dangers of selecting antiretroviral therapy without previous antiretroviral drug testing. Although the cost of these assays is a concern, prescribing inefficacious drugs could create serious problems for HIV-1 patients. #","publication_date":"2003,,","publication_name":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"44963420"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Mutation patterns of the reverse transcriptase genes in HIV-1 infected patients receiving combinations of nucleoside and non nucleoside inhibitors","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [32888829]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" 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ds2-5-body-sm">2003, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":44963420,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/13779379/Mutation_patterns_of_the_reverse_transcriptase_genes_in_HIV_1_infected_patients_receiving_combinations_of_nucleoside_and_non_nucleoside_inhibitors"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":44963420,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/13779379/Mutation_patterns_of_the_reverse_transcriptase_genes_in_HIV_1_infected_patients_receiving_combinations_of_nucleoside_and_non_nucleoside_inhibitors"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download 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However, we describe a new set of mutations, found in the RT of a...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"HIV-1 reverse transcriptase mutations found in a drug-experienced patient confer reduced susceptibility to multiple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors","attachmentId":42656837,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21931138/HIV_1_reverse_transcriptase_mutations_found_in_a_drug_experienced_patient_confer_reduced_susceptibility_to_multiple_nucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21931138/HIV_1_reverse_transcriptase_mutations_found_in_a_drug_experienced_patient_confer_reduced_susceptibility_to_multiple_nucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="27674474" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27674474/Effect_of_Zidovudine_Resistance_Mutations_on_Virologic_Response_to_Treatment_with_Zidovudine_Lamivudine_Ritonavir_Genotypic_Analysis_of_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Isolates_from_AIDS_Clinical_Trials_Group_Protocol_315">Effect of Zidovudine Resistance Mutations on Virologic Response to Treatment with Zidovudine‐Lamivudine‐Ritonavir: Genotypic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates from AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 315</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40555437" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnSpritzler">John Spritzler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of Zidovudine Resistance Mutations on Virologic Response to Treatment with Zidovudine‐Lamivudine‐Ritonavir: Genotypic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates from AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 315","attachmentId":47940787,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27674474/Effect_of_Zidovudine_Resistance_Mutations_on_Virologic_Response_to_Treatment_with_Zidovudine_Lamivudine_Ritonavir_Genotypic_Analysis_of_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Isolates_from_AIDS_Clinical_Trials_Group_Protocol_315","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27674474/Effect_of_Zidovudine_Resistance_Mutations_on_Virologic_Response_to_Treatment_with_Zidovudine_Lamivudine_Ritonavir_Genotypic_Analysis_of_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Isolates_from_AIDS_Clinical_Trials_Group_Protocol_315"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="15741025" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15741025/Nevirapine_resistance_mutations_of_human_immunodeficiency_virus_type_1_selected_during_therapy">Nevirapine resistance mutations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 selected during therapy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34927399" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JacquesCorbeil">Jacques Corbeil</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of virology, 1994</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Drug susceptibility and mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene were analyzed with 167 virus isolates from 38 patients treated with nevirapine, a potent nonnucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RT. 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The most common mutation with monotherapy,...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nevirapine resistance mutations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 selected during therapy","attachmentId":42915199,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15741025/Nevirapine_resistance_mutations_of_human_immunodeficiency_virus_type_1_selected_during_therapy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15741025/Nevirapine_resistance_mutations_of_human_immunodeficiency_virus_type_1_selected_during_therapy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="60702606" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60702606/Prevalence_of_Mutations_Associated_with_Reduced_Antiretroviral_Drug_Susceptibility_among_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Seroconverters_in_the_United_States_1993_1998">Prevalence of Mutations Associated with Reduced Antiretroviral Drug Susceptibility among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seroconverters in the United States, 1993–1998</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42622553" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GwinnM">M. Gwinn</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prevalence of Mutations Associated with Reduced Antiretroviral Drug Susceptibility among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seroconverters in the United States, 1993–1998","attachmentId":74026825,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60702606/Prevalence_of_Mutations_Associated_with_Reduced_Antiretroviral_Drug_Susceptibility_among_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Seroconverters_in_the_United_States_1993_1998","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mutagenesis during Antiviral Therapy: Impact of Drug-Resistant Reverse Transcriptase and Nucleoside and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutation Frequencies","attachmentId":105044648,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105432603/Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Mutagenesis_during_Antiviral_Therapy_Impact_of_Drug_Resistant_Reverse_Transcriptase_and_Nucleoside_and_Nonnucleoside_Reverse_Transcriptase_Inhibitors_on_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Mutation_Frequencies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105432603/Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Mutagenesis_during_Antiviral_Therapy_Impact_of_Drug_Resistant_Reverse_Transcriptase_and_Nucleoside_and_Nonnucleoside_Reverse_Transcriptase_Inhibitors_on_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Mutation_Frequencies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="19437990" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19437990/Line_Probe_Assay_for_Detection_of_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Mutations_Conferring_Resistance_to_Nucleoside_Inhibitors_of_Reverse_Transcriptase_Comparison_with_Sequence_Analysis">Line Probe Assay for Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutations Conferring Resistance to Nucleoside Inhibitors of Reverse Transcriptase: Comparison with Sequence Analysis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39707215" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristineKatlama">Christine Katlama</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Line Probe Assay for Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutations Conferring Resistance to Nucleoside Inhibitors of Reverse Transcriptase: Comparison with Sequence 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class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="6332299" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6332299/Genotypic_and_Phenotypic_Resistance_Patterns_of_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Variants_with_Insertions_or_Deletions_in_the_Reverse_Transcriptase_RT_Multicenter_Study_of_Patients_Treated_with_RT_Inhibitors">Genotypic and Phenotypic Resistance Patterns of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants with Insertions or Deletions in the Reverse Transcriptase (RT): Multicenter Study of Patients Treated with RT Inhibitors</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9860577" href="https://independent.academia.edu/alimohammed21">ali mohammed</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genotypic and Phenotypic Resistance Patterns of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants with Insertions or Deletions in the Reverse Transcriptase (RT): Multicenter Study of Patients Treated with RT Inhibitors","attachmentId":33163240,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6332299/Genotypic_and_Phenotypic_Resistance_Patterns_of_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Variants_with_Insertions_or_Deletions_in_the_Reverse_Transcriptase_RT_Multicenter_Study_of_Patients_Treated_with_RT_Inhibitors","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6332299/Genotypic_and_Phenotypic_Resistance_Patterns_of_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Variants_with_Insertions_or_Deletions_in_the_Reverse_Transcriptase_RT_Multicenter_Study_of_Patients_Treated_with_RT_Inhibitors"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="55839787" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55839787/Evaluation_of_the_genotypic_pattern_of_HIV_1_resistance_in_AIDS_patients_failing_antiretroviral_therapy">Evaluation of the genotypic pattern of HIV-1 resistance in AIDS patients failing antiretroviral therapy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37789728" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NettoE">Eduardo Netto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evaluation of the genotypic pattern of HIV-1 resistance in AIDS patients failing antiretroviral therapy","attachmentId":71519508,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55839787/Evaluation_of_the_genotypic_pattern_of_HIV_1_resistance_in_AIDS_patients_failing_antiretroviral_therapy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link 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Treatment-Naive and Treatment-Experienced Patients from Pune, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="243641190" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohannesPr%C3%B6ll">Johannes Pröll</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Proviral DNA among Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive and Treatment-Experienced Patients from Pune, India","attachmentId":93646904,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89948187/Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Drug_Resistance_Mutations_in_Peripheral_Blood_Mononuclear_Cell_Proviral_DNA_among_Antiretroviral_Treatment_Naive_and_Treatment_Experienced_Patients_from_Pune_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89948187/Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Drug_Resistance_Mutations_in_Peripheral_Blood_Mononuclear_Cell_Proviral_DNA_among_Antiretroviral_Treatment_Naive_and_Treatment_Experienced_Patients_from_Pune_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="11485470" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11485470/Minority_Variants_Associated_with_Transmitted_and_Acquired_HIV_1_Nonnucleoside_Reverse_Transcriptase_Inhibitor_Resistance_Implications_for_the_Use_of_Second_Generation_Nonnucleoside_Reverse_Transcriptase_Inhibitors">Minority Variants Associated with Transmitted and Acquired HIV-1 Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance: Implications for the Use of Second-Generation Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27976848" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TommyLiu2">Tommy Liu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Minority Variants Associated with Transmitted and Acquired HIV-1 Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance: Implications for the Use of Second-Generation Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors","attachmentId":46678421,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11485470/Minority_Variants_Associated_with_Transmitted_and_Acquired_HIV_1_Nonnucleoside_Reverse_Transcriptase_Inhibitor_Resistance_Implications_for_the_Use_of_Second_Generation_Nonnucleoside_Reverse_Transcriptase_Inhibitors","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11485470/Minority_Variants_Associated_with_Transmitted_and_Acquired_HIV_1_Nonnucleoside_Reverse_Transcriptase_Inhibitor_Resistance_Implications_for_the_Use_of_Second_Generation_Nonnucleoside_Reverse_Transcriptase_Inhibitors"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="12738266" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12738266/Genotypic_Testing_for_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Drug_Resistance">Genotypic Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31773965" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertShafer">Robert Shafer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genotypic Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance","attachmentId":45971548,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12738266/Genotypic_Testing_for_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Type_1_Drug_Resistance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/110523189/Minority_variants_associated_with_resistance_to_HIV_1_nonnucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitors_during_primary_infection"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="83931290" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83931290/HIV_1_drug_resistance_mutations_in_children_after_failure_of_first_line_nonnucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitor_based_antiretroviral_therapy">HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in children after failure of first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a 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