CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1189 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"e668a35a-e35b-490e-b430-b9fe18e66c9a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1189","wgTitle":"1189","wgCurRevisionId":13972859,"wgRevisionId":13972859,"wgArticleId":1407,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["1189"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1189","wgRelevantArticleId":1407,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode": "ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":8000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q19735","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.2"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1189 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Abonare Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1189 rootpage-1189 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Sari la conținut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Meniul principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Meniul principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Meniul principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Vedeți pagina principală [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principală</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente" title="Lista ultimelor schimbări realizate în acest wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Schimbări recente</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cafenea" title="Informații despre evenimentele curente"><span>Cafenea</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu" title="Afișează o pagină aleatoare [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Articol aleatoriu</span></a></li><li id="n-Facebook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaRomana" rel="nofollow"><span>Facebook</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Participare" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Participare" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Participare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cum-încep-pe-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Bun_venit"><span>Cum încep pe Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cuprins" title="Locul în care găsiți ajutor"><span>Ajutor</span></a></li><li id="n-Portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83sfoire"><span>Portaluri tematice</span></a></li><li id="n-Articole-cerute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_cerute"><span>Articole cerute</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="enciclopedia liberă" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ro.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:C%C4%83utare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Unelte personale"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspect" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspect</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro" class=""><span>Donații</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=1189" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=1189" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=1189" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=1189" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eascunde\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ro\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; margin: 0 0 3px;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"nomobile\" style=\"float:right\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/126px-Concurs_de_scriere.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"126\" height=\"95\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/189px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/251px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"506\" data-file-height=\"383\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"color: grey; max-width:1280px; margin: 12px auto; font-family: Tahoma, \u0026#39;DejaVu Sans Condensed\u0026#39;, sans-serif; text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; position: relative;\"\u003EA început o nouă ediție a concursului de scriere! Sunteți cu drag invitați să participați la ediția cu numărul 22, cu articole scrise sau dezvoltate considerabil între 1 aprilie și 30 noiembrie 2024. Pentru înscriere de articole la concurs (nominalizări), condiții de eligibilitate, punctare și alte detalii, vă rugăm să accesați \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003Epagina\u0026#160;concursului\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1189</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 136 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1189 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1189 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AF" title="১১৮৯ – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১১৮৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১১৮৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১১৮৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189." title="1189. – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1189." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1189 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1189 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A9" title="١١٨٩ – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١١٨٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی) – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="११८९ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="११८९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189." title="1189. – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1189." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1189 (almanak jilyen) – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1189 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1189 жыл – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1189 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%EB%85%84" title="1189년 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1189년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_m." title="1189 m. – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1189 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189._gads" title="1189. gads – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1189. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. ११८९ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. ११८९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B8" title="1189 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1189 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9" title="۱۱۸۹ – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۱۸۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="सन् ११८९ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् ११८९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – sotho de nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୧୮୯ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୧୮୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1189-æм аз – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1189-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="११८९ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="११८९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1189 год – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1189 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="११८९ – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="११८९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%D8%B9" title="1189ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1189ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1189" title="Соли 1189 – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1189" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1732" title="พ.ศ. 1732 – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1732" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1189 ел – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1189 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%D8%A1" title="1189ء – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1189ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_n%C3%AE" title="1189 nî – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1189 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19735#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1189" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:1189&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1189"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1189"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/1189" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/1189" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&oldid=13972859" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=1189&id=13972859&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1189"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1189"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=1189"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=1189&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1189" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19735" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><div class="toccolours" style="text-align:center;padding:0;"> <div style="font-family:serif;"><big><big><big><big><b>1189</b></big></big></big></big><br /><a href="/wiki/Cifre_romane" title="Cifre romane">MCLXXXIX</a></div> <p><b><a href="#Evenimente">Evenimente</a></b>  •  <b><a href="#Nașteri">Nașteri</a></b>  •  <b><a href="#Decese">Decese</a></b> </p> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Secolul_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul X">◄</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Secolul_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XI">Secolul XI</a> ◄ <b><a href="/wiki/Secolul_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XII">Secolul XII</a></b> ► <a href="/wiki/Secolul_XIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XIII">Secolul XIII</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Secolul_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XIV">►</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Anii_1150" title="Anii 1150">◄</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Anii_1160" title="Anii 1160">Anii 1160</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Anii_1170" title="Anii 1170">Anii 1170</a> ◄ <b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1180" title="Anii 1180">Anii 1180</a></b> ► <a href="/wiki/Anii_1190" title="Anii 1190">Anii 1190</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Anii_1200" title="Anii 1200">Anii 1200</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Anii_1210" title="Anii 1210">►</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/1089" title="1089">◄◄</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1179" title="1179">◄</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1184" title="1184">1184</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1185" title="1185">1185</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1186" title="1186">1186</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1188" title="1188">1188</a> ◄ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1189</a> ► <a href="/wiki/1190" title="1190">1190</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1191" title="1191">1191</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1192" title="1192">1192</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1193" title="1193">1193</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1194" title="1194">1194</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1199" title="1199">►</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/1289" title="1289">►►</a> </p> <hr /> </div> <p><br /> </p><p><b>1189 (MCLXXXIX)</b> a fost un an obișnuit al <a href="/wiki/Calendarul_iulian" title="Calendarul iulian">calendarului iulian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evenimente">Evenimente</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Evenimente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Evenimente"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21_ianuarie" title="21 ianuarie">21 ianuarie</a>: Regii <a href="/wiki/Filip_al_II-lea_al_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Filip al II-lea al Franței">Filip August</a> al <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franței</a> și <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_II-lea_al_Angliei" title="Henric al II-lea al Angliei">Henric al II-lea</a> al <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Angliei</a> încep adunarea de trupe pentru participarea la <a href="/wiki/Cruciada_a_treia" title="Cruciada a treia">Cruciada a treia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_mai" title="11 mai">11 mai</a>: Împăratul <a href="/wiki/Frederic_I,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic I, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Frederic Barbarossa</a> pleacă din <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Ratisbonna</a> pentru a participa la <a href="/wiki/Cruciada_a_treia" title="Cruciada a treia">Cruciada a treia</a>; potrivit surselor, numărul trupelor variază între 100.000 și 260.000, dintre care 20.000 de cavaleri.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_iunie" title="13 iunie">13 iunie</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lista_b%C4%83t%C4%83liilor_medievale" title="Lista bătăliilor medievale">Bătălia de la Koromogawa</a>, în <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a>: conducătorul militar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minamoto_no_Yoshitsune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minamoto no Yoshitsune — pagină inexistentă">Minamoto no Yoshitsune</a> cade în luptă.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_iunie" title="28 iunie">28 iunie</a>: Armata cruciată a împăratului <a href="/wiki/Frederic_I,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic I, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Frederic Barbarossa</a> ajunge pe teritoriul <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_bizantin" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiul bizantin">Imperiului bizantin</a>; în pofida negocierilor prealabile, el intră în dispute cu împăratului bizantin <a href="/wiki/Isaac_al_II-lea_Angelos" title="Isaac al II-lea Angelos">Isaac al II-lea Angelos</a>, care îi refuză trecerea și chiar inițiază negocieri cu sultanul <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_iulie" title="4 iulie">4 iulie</a>: Regele <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_II-lea_al_Angliei" title="Henric al II-lea al Angliei">Henric al II-lea al Angliei</a> este înfrânt la <a href="/wiki/Azay-le-Rideau" title="Azay-le-Rideau">Azay-le-Rideau</a> de către trupele fiului său, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Inim%C4%83_de_Leu" title="Richard Inimă de Leu">Richard Inimă de Leu</a>, și ale regelui <a href="/wiki/Filip_al_II-lea_al_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Filip al II-lea al Franței">Filip August al Franței</a> și cade prizonier.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_iulie" title="4 iulie">4 iulie</a>: Regele <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_II-lea_al_Angliei" title="Henric al II-lea al Angliei">Henric al II-lea al Angliei</a> este nevoit să încheie pacea de la <a href="/wiki/Azay-le-Rideau" title="Azay-le-Rideau">Azay-le-Rideau</a> cu regele <a href="/wiki/Filip_al_II-lea_al_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Filip al II-lea al Franței">Filip August al Franței</a> și cu fiul său <a href="/wiki/Richard_Inim%C4%83_de_Leu" title="Richard Inimă de Leu">Richard Inimă de Leu</a>, prin acceptarea condițiilor acestora: Henric plătește lui Filip suma de 20.000 de mărci, iar lui Richard îi recunoaște moștenirea asupra tronului <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Angliei</a>; o înțelegere dintre Filip și Richard confirmă stăpânirea franceză asupra provinciei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berry — pagină inexistentă">Berry</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_august" title="24 august">24 august</a>: Trupele împăratului <a href="/wiki/Frederic_I,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic I, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Frederic Barbarossa</a> ocupă de la <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_bizantin" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiul bizantin">bizantini</a> Filipopol (astăzi, <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_august" title="28 august">28 august</a>- <a href="/wiki/12_iulie" title="12 iulie">12 iulie</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asediul_Acrei_(1189-1191)" title="Asediul Acrei (1189-1191)">Asediul Acrei</a>. Încălcându-și jurământul față de sultanul <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>, cruciatul <a href="/wiki/Guy_de_Lusignan" title="Guy de Lusignan">Guy de Lusignan</a> începe să asedieze <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, având sprijinul unor contingente sosite din <a href="/wiki/Danemarca" title="Danemarca">Danemarca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frizia" class="mw-redirect" title="Frizia">Frizia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxonia" title="Saxonia">Saxonia</a> și al cavalerilor flamanzi, francezi și englezi.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_august" title="29 august">29 august</a>: Banul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulin — pagină inexistentă">Kulin</a> al <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosniei</a> scrie "Carta lui Kulin", veritabil act de naștere atât al limbii, cât și a statului bosniac.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_septembrie" title="8 septembrie">8 septembrie</a>: Regele <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sancho_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sancho I — pagină inexistentă">Sancho I</a> al <a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugaliei</a> cucerește de la <a href="/wiki/Mauri" title="Mauri">mauri</a> <a href="/wiki/Silves" title="Silves">Silves</a> (capitala provinciei <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>) și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alvor — pagină inexistentă">Alvor</a> cu ajutorul unei flote cu participanți din <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a> la <a href="/wiki/Cruciada_a_treia" title="Cruciada a treia">Cruciada a treia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_octombrie" title="1 octombrie">1 octombrie</a>: În cadrul asediului asupra <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accrei</a>, cade în luptă <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerard_de_Ridefort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerard de Ridefort — pagină inexistentă">Gerard de Ridefort</a>, marele maestru al <a href="/wiki/Ordinul_templierilor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinul templierilor">Ordinului templierilor</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_noiembrie" title="22 noiembrie">22 noiembrie</a>: Împăratul <a href="/wiki/Frederic_I,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic I, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Frederic Barbarossa</a> cucerește de la <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_bizantin" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiul bizantin">bizantini</a> <a href="/wiki/Adrianopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrianopol">Adrianopol</a> și se îndreaptă către <a href="/wiki/Constantinopol" title="Constantinopol">Constantinopol</a>, dar se răzgândește în ultima clipă de la ideea cuceririi capitalei bizantine.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nedatate">Nedatate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Nedatate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Nedatate"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septembrie" title="Septembrie">septembrie</a>: Atacuri împotriva populației <a href="/wiki/Evrei" title="Evrei">evreiești</a> din <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a> (la <a href="/wiki/Londra" title="Londra">Londra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lincoln">Lincoln</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stamford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stamford — pagină inexistentă">Stamford</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septembrie" title="Septembrie">septembrie</a>: Imediat după încoronare, regele <a href="/wiki/Richard_Inim%C4%83_de_Leu" title="Richard Inimă de Leu">Richard Inimă de Leu</a> al <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Angliei</a> începe vânzarea de castele, pământuri, privilegii, orașe etc., pentru strângerea de fonduri pentru <a href="/wiki/Cruciada_a_treia" title="Cruciada a treia">Cruciada a treia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septembrie" title="Septembrie">septembrie</a>: Regele <a href="/wiki/Richard_Inim%C4%83_de_Leu" title="Richard Inimă de Leu">Richard Inimă de Leu</a> al <a href="/wiki/Angliei" class="mw-redirect" title="Angliei">Angliei</a> pretinde suma de 10.000 de mărci de la regele <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Leul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Leul — pagină inexistentă">William Leul</a> al <a href="/wiki/Sco%C8%9Bia" title="Scoția">Scoției</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octombrie" title="Octombrie">octombrie</a>: Aflat la <a href="/wiki/Alep" title="Alep">Alep</a>, sultanul <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> află știrea apropierii de <a href="/wiki/Constantinopol" title="Constantinopol">Constantinopol</a> a împăratului <a href="/wiki/Frederic_I,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic I, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Frederic Barbarossa</a>, cu un număr de circa 200.000 de oameni; Saladin îi cheamă pe toți musulmanii la <a href="/wiki/Djihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Djihad">djihad</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_noiembrie" title="16 noiembrie">16 noiembrie</a>: La moartea regelui <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_al_II-lea" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm al II-lea">Wilhelm al II-lea</a> al <a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Siciliei</a> fără moștenitori masculini direcți, tronul este preluat de ginerele său, <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VI-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Henric al VI-lea, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric</a>, fiul împăratului <a href="/wiki/Frederic_I,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic I, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Frederic Barbarossa</a>, în virtutea căsătoriei acestuia cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constance — pagină inexistentă">Constance</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hauteville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hauteville — pagină inexistentă">Hauteville</a>, cu toată opoziția lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tancred_de_Lecce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tancred de Lecce — pagină inexistentă">Tancred</a> de <a href="/wiki/Lecce" title="Lecce">Lecce</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_doilea_%C8%9Barat_bulgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Al doilea țarat bulgar">Bulgarii</a> și <a href="/wiki/Valahi" title="Valahi">valahii</a> conduși de frații <a href="/wiki/Petru" title="Petru">Petru</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asan — pagină inexistentă">Asan</a> reușesc să își restabilească controlul asupra teritoriului dintre <a href="/wiki/Dun%C4%83re" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunăre">Dunăre</a> și <a href="/wiki/Mun%C8%9Bii_Balcani" title="Munții Balcani">Munții Balcani</a>, de unde îi izgonesc pe <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_bizantin" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiul bizantin">bizantini</a>.</li> <li>Castelele cruciate <a href="/wiki/Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> și <a href="/wiki/Crac_des_Chevaliers" title="Crac des Chevaliers">Kerak</a> sunt ocupate de către sultanul <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>.</li> <li>Clerul din <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> refuză să presteze "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dijma_lui_Saladin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dijma lui Saladin — pagină inexistentă">dijma lui Saladin</a>", impusă de către regele <a href="/wiki/Filip_al_II-lea_al_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Filip al II-lea al Franței">Filip August</a> în vederea cruciadei.</li> <li>După plecarea împăratului <a href="/wiki/Frederic_I,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic I, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Frederic Barbarossa</a> în cruciadă, ducele <a href="/wiki/Henric_Leul" title="Henric Leul">Henric Leul</a> încearcă redobândirea posesiunilor pierdute (<a href="/wiki/Saxonia" title="Saxonia">Saxonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> etc.); tentativa eșuează.</li> <li>Orașul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dundalk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dundalk — pagină inexistentă">Dundalk</a> din <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda">Irlanda</a> obține o chartă.</li> <li>Tratat încheiat de negustorii germani și cei din <a href="/wiki/Visby" title="Visby">Visby</a> (insula <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a>) cu cneazul <a href="/wiki/Iaroslav" class="mw-disambig" title="Iaroslav">Iaroslav</a> al <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorodului</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vene%C8%9Bia" title="Veneția">Veneția</a> obține noi privilegii comerciale în <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_bizantin" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiul bizantin">Imperiul bizantin</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arte,_Știință,_Literatură_și_Filozofie"><span id="Arte.2C_.C8.98tiin.C8.9B.C4.83.2C_Literatur.C4.83_.C8.99i_Filozofie"></span>Arte, Știință, Literatură și Filozofie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Arte, Știință, Literatură și Filozofie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Arte, Știință, Literatură și Filozofie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Se încheie lucrările la minaretul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koutoubia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koutoubia — pagină inexistentă">Koutoubia</a> din <a href="/wiki/Marrakech" title="Marrakech">Marrakech</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Înscăunări"><span id=".C3.8Ensc.C4.83un.C4.83ri"></span>Înscăunări</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Înscăunări" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Înscăunări"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18_februarie" title="18 februarie">18 februarie</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangzong — pagină inexistentă">Guangzong</a>, împărat al <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinei</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_iulie" title="20 iulie">20 iulie</a>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Inim%C4%83_de_Leu" title="Richard Inimă de Leu">Richard Inimă de Leu</a>, duce de <a href="/wiki/Normandia" title="Normandia">Normandia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_septembrie" title="3 septembrie">3 septembrie</a>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Inim%C4%83_de_Leu" title="Richard Inimă de Leu">Richard I</a>, rege al <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Angliei</a> (1189-<a href="/wiki/1199" title="1199">1199</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_noiembrie" title="16 noiembrie">16 noiembrie</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VI-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Henric al VI-lea, Împărat al Sfântului Imperiu Roman">Henric</a>, rege al <a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Siciliei</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gebra_Maskal_Lalibela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gebra Maskal Lalibela — pagină inexistentă">Gebra Maskal Lalibela</a>, rege al <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopiei</a> (1189-<a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a> sau <a href="/wiki/1229" title="1229">1229</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nașteri"><span id="Na.C8.99teri"></span>Nașteri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Nașteri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Nașteri"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13_iunie" title="13 iunie">13 iunie</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Russignol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Russignol — pagină inexistentă">Raymond Russignol</a>, poet francez (d. <a href="/wiki/1263" title="1263">1263</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_decembrie" title="22 decembrie">22 decembrie</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chagatai — pagină inexistentă">Chagatai</a>, principe mongol (d. <a href="/wiki/1242" title="1242">1242</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iuri_al_II-lea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iuri al II-lea — pagină inexistentă">Iuri al II-lea</a>, mare cneaz de <a href="/wiki/Vladimir" title="Vladimir">Vladimir</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1238" title="1238">1238</a>).</li> <li>Sfântul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Nolasco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Nolasco — pagină inexistentă">Pedro Nolasco</a>, lider religios francez (d. <a href="/wiki/1256" title="1256">1256</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skule_Bardsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skule Bardsson — pagină inexistentă">Skule Bardsson</a>, om de stat norvegian (d. <a href="/wiki/1240" title="1240">1240</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yelu_Chucai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yelu Chucai — pagină inexistentă">Yelu Chucai</a>, om de stat mandarin (d. <a href="/wiki/1243" title="1243">1243</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decese">Decese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Decese" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Decese"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_ianuarie" title="1 ianuarie">1 ianuarie</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_de_Marcy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri de Marcy — pagină inexistentă">Henri de Marcy</a>, abate cistercian și legat papal (n.c. <a href="/wiki/1136" title="1136">1136</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_martie" title="4 martie">4 martie</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umberto_al_III-lea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umberto al III-lea — pagină inexistentă">Umberto al III-lea</a>, conte de <a href="/wiki/Savoia" title="Savoia">Savoia</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1136" title="1136">1136</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_iunie" title="13 iunie">13 iunie</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minamoto_no_Yoshitsune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minamoto no Yoshitsune — pagină inexistentă">Minamoto no Yoshitsune</a>, general japonez (n. <a href="/wiki/1159" title="1159">1159</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_iulie" title="6 iulie">6 iulie</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_II-lea_al_Angliei" title="Henric al II-lea al Angliei">Henric al II-lea</a>, rege al <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Angliei</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1133" title="1133">1133</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_iulie" title="13 iulie">13 iulie</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matilda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matilda — pagină inexistentă">Matilda</a>, ducesă de <a href="/wiki/Saxonia" title="Saxonia">Saxonia</a> și fiica regelui <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_II-lea_al_Angliei" title="Henric al II-lea al Angliei">Henric al II-lea al Angliei</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1156" title="1156">1156</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_octombrie" title="1 octombrie">1 octombrie</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerard_de_Ridefort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerard de Ridefort — pagină inexistentă">Gerard de Ridefort</a>, mare maestru al <a href="/wiki/Ordinul_templierilor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinul templierilor">Ordinului templierilor</a> (n. ?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_noiembrie" title="16 noiembrie">16 noiembrie</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_al_II-lea" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm al II-lea">Wilhelm al II-lea</a> "cel Bun", rege normand al <a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Siciliei</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1153" title="1153">1153</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anvari" title="Anvari">Anvari</a>, poet persan (n. <a href="/wiki/1126" title="1126">1126</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conchobar_Maenmaige_Ua_Conchobhair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobhair — pagină inexistentă">Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobhair</a>, rege irlandez în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Connaught&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Connaught — pagină inexistentă">Connaught</a> (n. ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fulmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fulmar — pagină inexistentă">Fulmar</a>, arhiepiscop de <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a> (n.c. <a href="/wiki/1135" title="1135">1135</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Ridel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Ridel — pagină inexistentă">Geoffrey Ridel</a>, lord-cancelar al <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Angliei</a> (n. ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Morville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard de Morville — pagină inexistentă">Richard de Morville</a>, conetabil al <a href="/wiki/Sco%C8%9Bia" title="Scoția">Scoției</a> (n. ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shizong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shizong — pagină inexistentă">Shizong</a>, împărat al <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinei</a> din dinastia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jin — pagină inexistentă">Jin</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1123" title="1123">1123</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_conduc%C4%83tori_de_stat_din_1189" title="Listă de conducători de stat din 1189">Listă de conducători de stat din 1189</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1189&oldid=13972859">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1189&oldid=13972859</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:1189" title="Categorie:1189">1189</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 8 martie 2021, ora 06:54.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. Vedeți detalii la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termenii de utilizare</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1189&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versiune mobilă</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-f2c9h","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.088","walltime":"0.112","ppvisitednodes":{"value":416,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":3583,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":6,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 56.768 1 Format:Anul_fără_cronologie_tematică","100.00% 56.768 1 -total"," 11.31% 6.423 18 Format:,"," 5.28% 2.996 2 Format:•"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.021","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1003655,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7f58d5dcf5-xljq9","timestamp":"20241111054515","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1189","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1189","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q19735","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q19735","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-10-18T08:43:09Z","dateModified":"2021-03-08T04:54:12Z","headline":"an"}</script> </body> </html>