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<span>Negotiations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negotiations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_of_the_lockout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_of_the_lockout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Effects of the lockout</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effects_of_the_lockout-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Effects of the lockout subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effects_of_the_lockout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Resolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_on_NHL_and_NHLPA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_NHL_and_NHLPA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Effect on NHL and NHLPA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_on_NHL_and_NHLPA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_hockey" 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style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">2004–05 NHL lockout</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">September 16, 2004 – July 22, 2005 <br />(10 months and 6 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Expiration of the 1995 NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement</li> <li>Failure to reach a new collective bargaining agreement ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_season" title="2004–05 NHL season">2004–05 season</a></li> <li>76% of the NHL clubs' revenues were spent on team salaries prior to the end of the 2003–04 season due to the lack of a salary cap</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Goals</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Salary cap</li> <li>Revenue sharing</li> <li>Luxury taxes</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Resulted in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>2004–05 NHL season cancelled on February 16, 2005</li> <li>NHL and NHLPA reach an agreement to end the lockout on July 13</li> <li>New eight-year collective bargaining agreement signed on July 22</li> <li>NHL becomes last of the four major North American professional sports leagues to adopt a salary cap or luxury tax</li> <li>Team salary revenues reduced from 76% to 54%</li> <li>Rule changes instituted for regular season games starting in the <a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_NHL_season" title="2005–06 NHL season">2005–06 season</a>, including the addition of a <a href="/wiki/Shootout_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shootout (ice hockey)">shootout</a></li> <li>Bob Goodenow resigns as executive director</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Parties</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League_Players_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="National Hockey League Players Association">National Hockey League Players Association</a> (NHLPA)</div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL)</div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Lead figures</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244901718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-columns-text-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div{box-sizing:border-box;width:50%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-3>div{width:33.33%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-4>div{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div:not(:first-child){border-left:1px dotted #aaa;padding-left:5px}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist infobox-columns infobox-columns-2 infobox-columns-text-left"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bob_Goodenow" title="Bob Goodenow">Bob Goodenow</a> (executive director) </p> </div> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gary_Bettman" title="Gary Bettman">Gary Bettman</a> (commissioner) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Daly" title="Bill Daly">Bill Daly</a> (lead negotiator) </p> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">National Hockey League<br /> labor relations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_NHL_strike" title="1992 NHL strike">1992 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_NHL_lockout" title="1994–95 NHL lockout">1994–95 lockout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2004–05 lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_lockout" title="2012–13 NHL lockout">2012–13 lockout</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHL_Collective_Bargaining_Agreement" title="NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement">Collective Bargaining Agreement</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ice_hockey" title="Portal:Ice hockey">Ice hockey portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NHL_Labor_Relations" title="Template:NHL Labor Relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NHL_Labor_Relations" title="Template talk:NHL Labor Relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NHL_Labor_Relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NHL Labor Relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <p>The <b>2004–05 NHL lockout</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Lockout_(industry)" title="Lockout (industry)">labor lockout</a> that resulted in the cancellation of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) season, which would have been its <a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_season" title="2004–05 NHL season">88th season</a> of play.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main dispute was the league's desire to implement a <a href="/wiki/Salary_cap" title="Salary cap">salary cap</a> to limit expenditure on player salaries, which was opposed by the <a href="/wiki/NHL_Players_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL Players Association">NHL Players Association</a> (NHLPA), the players' <a href="/wiki/Labor_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor union">labor union</a>, who proposed an alternative system of <a href="/wiki/Revenue_sharing" title="Revenue sharing">revenue sharing</a>. </p><p>Attempts at <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> before the season began were unsuccessful. The lockout was initiated on September 16, 2004, one day after the expiration of the existing <a href="/wiki/NHL_Collective_Bargaining_Agreement" title="NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement">collective bargaining agreement</a> (CBA), which itself had been the result of the <a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_NHL_lockout" title="1994–95 NHL lockout">1994–95 lockout</a>. During the lockout, further attempts to negotiate a new CBA floundered, with neither side willing to back down, and this led to the entire season being canceled on February 16, 2005. The NHL and NHLPA negotiating teams finally reached an agreement on July 13, 2005, with the lockout officially ending nine days later on July 22, after ratification by the NHL team owners and NHLPA members. The resulting CBA included both a salary cap and revenue sharing. </p><p>The lockout had lasted 10 months and 6 days, covering 1,230 unplayed games. As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> was not awarded for the first time since <a href="/wiki/1918%E2%80%9319_NHL_season" title="1918–19 NHL season">1919</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">major professional sports leagues</a> in North America, this was the first (and so far only) time a whole season was canceled because of a labor dispute, and the second time a <a href="/wiki/Postseason" class="mw-redirect" title="Postseason">postseason</a> was canceled (after the <a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_Major_League_Baseball_strike" title="1994–95 Major League Baseball strike">1994–95 MLB strike</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large numbers of NHL players elected to play in European leagues during the lockout. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues">Issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NHL, led by <a href="/wiki/NHL_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL Commissioner">Commissioner</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Bettman" title="Gary Bettman">Gary Bettman</a>, attempted to convince the players to accept a salary structure linking player salaries to league revenues, guaranteeing the clubs what the league called <i>cost certainty</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an NHL-commissioned report prepared by former <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Levitt" title="Arthur Levitt">Arthur Levitt</a>, prior to 2004–05, NHL clubs spent about 76 percent of their gross revenues on players' salaries – a figure far higher than those in other North American sports – and collectively lost US$273 million during the <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_NHL_season" title="2002–03 NHL season">2002–03 season</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 20, 2004, the league presented the NHLPA with six concepts to achieve cost certainty.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These concepts are believed to have included a <i>hard</i>, or inflexible, <a href="/wiki/Salary_cap" title="Salary cap">salary cap</a> similar to the one used in the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>, a <i>soft</i> salary cap with some capped exceptions similar to the one used in the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>, and a centralized salary negotiation system similar to that used in the <a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League" title="Arena Football League">Arena Football League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a>: Bettman had earlier concluded that a <a href="/wiki/Luxury_tax_(sports)" title="Luxury tax (sports)">luxury tax</a> similar to the one used in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> would not have satisfied the league's cost certainty objectives.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While most sports commentators saw Bettman's plan as reasonable, some critics pointed out that a hard salary cap without any revenue sharing was an attempt to gain the support of the big market teams (such as <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks" title="Vancouver Canucks">Vancouver</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers" title="Philadelphia Flyers">Philadelphia</a>) that did not support Bettman during the <a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_NHL_lockout" title="1994–95 NHL lockout">1994–95 lockout</a>. </p><p>The NHLPA, under executive director <a href="/wiki/Bob_Goodenow" title="Bob Goodenow">Bob Goodenow</a>, disputed the league's financial claims. According to the <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">union</a>, "cost certainty" is little more than a <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">euphemism</a> for a salary cap, which it had vowed never to accept. The union rejected each of the six concepts presented by the NHL, claiming they all contained some form of salary cap. The NHLPA preferred to retain the existing "<a href="/wiki/Marketplace" title="Marketplace">marketplace</a>" system where players individually negotiate contracts with teams, and teams have complete control of how much they want to spend on players. Goodenow's mistrust of the league was supported by a November 2004 <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes magazine">Forbes</a></i> report that estimated the NHL's losses were less than half the amounts claimed by the league.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several players also criticized the contracts that overpaid unproven players: one example was the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Hol%C3%ADk" title="Bobby Holík">Bobby Holik</a> contract, in which the New York Rangers signed him to five years for $45 million. After two years, his contract was bought out by the Rangers: according to <a href="/wiki/Glen_Sather" title="Glen Sather">Glen Sather</a>, the Rangers' president, "In the new world we live in, Bobby was just paid too much".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the NHL's numbers regarding financial losses were disputed, there was no question that several franchises were losing money: some had already declared bankruptcy, and others had held "fire sales" of franchise players, such as the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a>. Some small-market teams, such as the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins" title="Pittsburgh Penguins">Pittsburgh Penguins</a> and the remaining small-market Canadian teams, were actually hoping <i>for</i> a lockout, since those teams would make more money by losing a season.<sup id="cite_ref-Value_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Value-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The league did not have large television revenues in the United States, so the NHL was reliant on attendance revenues far more than other leagues: after the lockout of the 2004–05 season, NHL teams made on average only $3 million from television revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, in May of the 2004–05 lockout, ESPN formally denied the option to show NHL games on the network due to low ratings in previous seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many NHL teams had low attendance totals in seasons preceding the lockout. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negotiations">Negotiations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Negotiations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout" title="Special:EditPage/2004–05 NHL lockout">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%222004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout%22">"2004–05 NHL lockout"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%222004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%222004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%222004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%222004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%222004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Prior to the lockout, the NHLPA had proposed a system in late 2003 that included <a href="/wiki/Revenue_sharing" title="Revenue sharing">revenue sharing</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Luxury_tax_(sports)" title="Luxury tax (sports)">luxury tax</a>, a one-time 5% rollback in player salaries, and reforms to the league's entry level system. The league rejected this proposal point-blank, saying it essentially maintained the status quo in favor of the players. </p><p>Shortly before the lockout commenced on 16 September 2004, the NHLPA offered another proposal to the league, one that was believed to be similar to their earlier proposal. The league rejected the union's new offer, claiming the new proposal was worse than the one they rejected in 2003. At this point, negotiations stalled until early December, when the NHLPA made a highly anticipated proposal based on a luxury tax, increasing the proposed one-time rollback in players' salaries to 24%. The NHL rejected this offer, and put forward a counter-proposal that the union flatly rejected. </p><p>In late January 2005 - near what the hockey media believed to be the point of no return for the 2004–05 season - discussions were held by the negotiators from both sides, with Bettman and Goodenow not being invited. </p><p>The NHL was represented by Executive Vice President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Daly" title="Bill Daly">Bill Daly</a>, outside counsel Bob Batterman, and NHL Board of Governors Chairman <a href="/wiki/Harley_Hotchkiss" title="Harley Hotchkiss">Harley Hotchkiss</a>, who also co-owned the <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Flames" title="Calgary Flames">Calgary Flames</a>. The NHLPA was represented by President <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Linden" title="Trevor Linden">Trevor Linden</a>, Senior Director <a href="/wiki/Ted_Saskin" title="Ted Saskin">Ted Saskin</a>, and associate counsel Ian Pulver. After four meetings, the sides remained deadlocked because of, according to Saskin, "significant philosophical differences." </p><p>Shortly after this series of meetings, Daly presented Saskin a proposal that the league believed made a number of concessions to the players, but was still based on a salary cap linked to revenues. The players' association rejected that proposal, saying that it was "not the basis for an agreement."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After these negotiations failed, Bettman declared on February 9 that if the lockout was not resolved by that weekend, there would be no hope of saving the season. When talks broke off between the NHL and the NHLPA the next morning, there had been no progress in negotiations. </p><p>On February 14, the union offered to accept a $52 million salary cap under the condition that it was not linked to league revenues, to which the league proposed a counteroffer of a $40 million cap plus $2.2 million in benefits, which the players association rejected. The next day, Bettman sent Goodenow a letter with a final proposal of a $42.5 million cap plus $2.2 million in benefits, setting a deadline of 11:00 the next morning to accept or refuse the offer. The NHLPA presented a counter-offer involving a $49 million cap, which the league rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With no resolution by the 11:00 deadline, Bettman announced the cancellation of the 2004–05 season on February 16, 2005, making the NHL the first major professional sports league in North America to cancel an entire season because of a labor dispute: the announcement was to have come on February 14, but it was delayed because of the death of the patriarch of the <a href="/wiki/Sutter_family" title="Sutter family">Sutter hockey family</a> four days prior, whose funeral was held on February 15. Two days after the cancellation announcement, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hockey_News" title="The Hockey News">The Hockey News</a></i> reported that a deal with a $45 million cap had been reached "in principle" (meaning the sides have agreed, but nothing is signed) with the help of owners and former players <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Gretzky" title="Wayne Gretzky">Wayne Gretzky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mario_Lemieux" title="Mario Lemieux">Mario Lemieux</a>; both camps immediately denied this report. An emergency 6½-hour meeting took place the next day, but no agreement was reached, formalizing the season's cancellation. </p><p>Bolstered by the thought of losing a second season to a labor dispute, the sides began meeting again in earnest in June, holding what sources to media would describe as "marathon sessions" in hopes of coming to an agreement. Ending June without a deal in place, the two sides reconvened early the following month, holding meetings on consecutive days from July 4 until July 13, when the parties finally agreed in principle to the terms of a new deal. According to reports, the July 12 session lasted through the night and until 6:00 on the morning of July 13, at which point the talks broke off for five hours, and resumed in time to complete the deal. </p><p>On July 21, the players association ratified the agreement with 87 percent of its members voting in favor; the 30 team owners unanimously approved it the next day, officially ending the 310-day lockout. </p><p>The salary cap would be adjusted each year to guarantee players 54% of total NHL revenues, and there would also be a salary floor. Player contracts are also <a href="/wiki/Pay_or_play_contract" class="mw-redirect" title="Pay or play contract">guaranteed</a>. The players' share will increase if revenues rise to specific benchmarks, while revenue sharing will split a pool of money from the 10 highest-grossing teams among the bottom 15. There was a $39 million cap in place for the first year of the CBA.<sup id="cite_ref-about_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_of_the_lockout">Effects of the lockout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Effects of the lockout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanley_Cup_Season_2004-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Stanley_Cup_Season_2004-05.jpg/220px-Stanley_Cup_Season_2004-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Stanley_Cup_Season_2004-05.jpg/330px-Stanley_Cup_Season_2004-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Stanley_Cup_Season_2004-05.jpg/440px-Stanley_Cup_Season_2004-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption>The words "2004–05 Season Not Played" engraved on the Stanley Cup, acknowledging the canceled 2004–05 season</figcaption></figure> <p>A Canadian public opinion poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Ipsos-Reid" title="Ipsos-Reid">Ipsos-Reid</a> near the start of the lockout found that 52 percent of those polled blamed NHL players for the lockout, whereas 21 percent blamed the owners of NHL teams. Also hurting the NHLPA was the fact that its players had very visibly high salaries, which removed much sympathy from lower-to-middle class fans, with the NHLPA's cause being further harmed by <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Roenick" title="Jeremy Roenick">Jeremy Roenick</a> and several NHLPA executives making controversial statements that showed their disdain for owners and fans alike.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the lockout, a movement arose to free the Stanley Cup from the NHL.<sup id="cite_ref-blogspot_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogspot-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the original deed of Lord Stanley, the cup was a challenge cup open to the best amateur hockey team in Canada. Only since 1926 has it been exclusively competed for by NHL teams, and with the 2004–05 NHL season being cancelled, the group felt that the NHL had forfeited its right to award the Cup for the year. On February 7, 2006, a settlement was reached in which the trophy could be awarded to non-NHL teams should the league not operate for a season, although the NHL by that point was playing again. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resolution">Resolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Resolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout" title="Special:EditPage/2004–05 NHL lockout">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The loss of the 2004–05 season meant that there were no results on which to base the order of the <a href="/wiki/2005_NHL_Entry_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 NHL Entry Draft">2005 NHL Entry Draft</a>. The league settled on a lottery system in which all teams had a weighted chance at the first pick, expected to be <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Crosby" title="Sidney Crosby">Sidney Crosby</a>. The lottery was tilted so teams with fewer playoff appearances over the last three seasons and fewer number one overall picks over the last four seasons had a better chance of landing higher picks. The complete order was determined by the lottery, and the draft was conducted in a "snake" style, meaning in even rounds, the draft order was reversed. This system was an attempt to compromise between those who felt all teams should have had an equal chance at the first pick and those who felt only the weaker teams should have been in the running. </p><p>To ease the transition to the salary cap, teams were allowed one week to <a href="/wiki/Compliance_buyout" title="Compliance buyout">buy out</a> players at two-thirds the cost of their remaining contract, which would not count against the salary cap. Bought out players could not re-sign with the same team. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effect_on_NHL_and_NHLPA">Effect on NHL and NHLPA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Effect on NHL and NHLPA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NHLPA Executive Director and General Counsel Bob Goodenow, seen by many as the biggest villain in the lockout because of his hardline stance against a salary cap, resigned from his position five days after the agreement was ratified amid criticism from many of his constituents. He was replaced by Ted Saskin, formerly senior director of business affairs and licensing for the NHLPA. Saskin was officially named executive director of the NHLPA on November 25, 2005, after the players' vote of confidence was confirmed by accounting firm <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NHL Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer <a href="/wiki/Bill_Daly" title="Bill Daly">Bill Daly</a> was promoted to deputy commissioner after the lockout. </p><p>The lockout did help franchises better manage their finances and increase their value. Combined with finally receiving a stable national television rights deal in the United States with <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC Sports Network">Versus</a> (which later became sister networks due to the <a href="/wiki/Comcast_NBC_merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Comcast NBC merger">Comcast NBC merger</a>) and the launch of the <a href="/wiki/NHL_Network_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL Network (United States)">NHL Network</a>, 26 of 30 NHL franchises saw an increase in value since before the lockout. Leading the way would be the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins" title="Pittsburgh Penguins">Pittsburgh Penguins</a>, a team cited even before the lockout to benefit from a lockout due to financial problems related to former team owner <a href="/wiki/Howard_Baldwin" title="Howard Baldwin">Howard Baldwin</a> deferring player salaries in the 1990s (leading to the team's second bankruptcy in 1998) and former star player <a href="/wiki/Mario_Lemieux" title="Mario Lemieux">Mario Lemieux</a> (who became the team's owner due to also being the team's largest creditor) dictating that the team cut costs in order to eliminate the debt from the Baldwin era. Since the lockout, the Penguins' value increased by a league-high 161.4%, due in no small part to the changing financial landscape of the NHL as well as winning the "<a href="/wiki/Sidney_Crosby" title="Sidney Crosby">Sidney Crosby</a> sweepstakes" after the lockout ended and the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Consol_Energy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Consol Energy Center">Consol Energy Center</a> to replace the aging <a href="/wiki/Civic_Arena_(Pittsburgh)" title="Civic Arena (Pittsburgh)">Mellon Arena</a>. The only teams that lost value from before the lockout were the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix Coyotes">Phoenix Coyotes</a> (whose <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes_bankruptcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix Coyotes bankruptcy">financial problems since the lockout have been well-documented</a>), <a href="/wiki/New_York_Islanders" title="New York Islanders">New York Islanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Stars" title="Dallas Stars">Dallas Stars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Avalanche" title="Colorado Avalanche">Colorado Avalanche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Value_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Value-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of players who agreed to play in other professional hockey leagues were playing in Europe. During 2004–05 season, 388 NHL players played in European leagues. The most popular countries were <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, with 78 NHL players, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, with 75 NHL players, the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, with 51 NHL players, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, with 45 NHL players and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> with 43 NHL players. In many cases, players who had originally begun their careers in Europe returned to those same teams for the lockout. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Russian_Superleague" title="Russian Superleague">Russian Superleague</a> (now <a href="/wiki/KHL" class="mw-redirect" title="KHL">KHL</a>) team <a href="/wiki/AK_Bars_Kazan" class="mw-redirect" title="AK Bars Kazan">AK Bars Kazan</a> signed 11 NHL players, including <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Kovalchuk" title="Ilya Kovalchuk">Ilya Kovalchuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Morozov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksey Morozov">Aleksey Morozov</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lecavalier" title="Vincent Lecavalier">Vincent Lecavalier</a> while <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Datsyuk" title="Pavel Datsyuk">Pavel Datsyuk</a> played for <a href="/wiki/HC_Dynamo_Moscow" title="HC Dynamo Moscow">HC Dynamo Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrik_Eli%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Patrik Eliáš">Patrik Elias</a> played for Czech <a href="/wiki/HC_JME_Znojem%C5%A1t%C3%AD_Orli" class="mw-redirect" title="HC JME Znojemští Orli">HC JME Znojemští Orli</a> and Russian <a href="/wiki/Metallurg_Magnitogorsk" title="Metallurg Magnitogorsk">Metallurg Magnitogorsk</a>, and Czech superstar <a href="/wiki/Jarom%C3%ADr_J%C3%A1gr" title="Jaromír Jágr">Jaromir Jagr</a> played for <a href="/wiki/HC_Kladno" class="mw-redirect" title="HC Kladno">HC Kladno</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Avangard_Omsk" title="Avangard Omsk">Avangard Omsk</a>. Morozov never returned to the NHL after 2004 (retiring from the KHL after the 2013–14 season), and Jagr would later play three additional seasons with Avangard. </p><p>Other Czech players returned to the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Milan_Hejduk" title="Milan Hejduk">Milan Hejduk</a> (<a href="/wiki/HC_Pardubice" class="mw-redirect" title="HC Pardubice">HC Pardubice</a>), <a href="/wiki/Martin_Straka" title="Martin Straka">Martin Straka</a> (<a href="/wiki/HC_Plze%C5%88" class="mw-redirect" title="HC Plzeň">HC Plzeň</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ale%C5%A1_Hemsk%C3%BD" title="Aleš Hemský">Ales Hemsky</a> (<a href="/wiki/HC_Pardubice" class="mw-redirect" title="HC Pardubice">HC Pardubice</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ru%C4%8Dinsk%C3%BD" title="Martin Ručinský">Martin Rucinsky</a> (<a href="/wiki/HC_Litv%C3%ADnov" title="HC Litvínov">HC Litvínov</a>). </p><p>Swiss <a href="/wiki/National_League_A" class="mw-redirect" title="National League A">Nationalliga A</a> had its own NHL stars when Canadians <a href="/wiki/Joe_Thornton" title="Joe Thornton">Joe Thornton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rick_Nash" title="Rick Nash">Rick Nash</a> signed with <a href="/wiki/HC_Davos" title="HC Davos">HC Davos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Briere" class="mw-redirect" title="Danny Briere">Danny Briere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dany_Heatley" title="Dany Heatley">Dany Heatley</a> signed with <a href="/wiki/SC_Bern" title="SC Bern">SC Bern</a> of the Swiss league. This lockout was a major benefit for Swiss ice hockey. </p><p>Swedish superstar <a href="/wiki/Peter_Forsberg" title="Peter Forsberg">Peter Forsberg</a> returned to his original club, <a href="/wiki/Modo_Hockey" title="Modo Hockey">Modo</a> (although Forsberg had been planning on playing for Modo even if the season had been played). Also returning to Modo along with Forsberg were Canucks teammates <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sedin" title="Daniel Sedin">Daniel Sedin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Sedin" title="Henrik Sedin">Henrik Sedin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Markus_Naslund" class="mw-redirect" title="Markus Naslund">Markus Naslund</a>, all of whom were originally drafted from Modo, while still others joined other <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Hockey_League" title="Swedish Hockey League">Elitserien</a> sides. Some <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Hockey_League" title="Swedish Hockey League">Elitserien</a> games were also being broadcast by <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Sportsnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogers Sportsnet">Rogers Sportsnet</a> in Canada. </p><p>Finnish <a href="/wiki/SM-liiga" class="mw-redirect" title="SM-liiga">SM-liiga</a> had its share of players during the lockout. Notable Finnish players included <a href="/wiki/Saku_Koivu" title="Saku Koivu">Saku Koivu</a> (<a href="/wiki/TPS_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="TPS (ice hockey)">TPS</a>, his first professional team), <a href="/wiki/Olli_Jokinen" title="Olli Jokinen">Olli Jokinen</a> (<a href="/wiki/HIFK_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="HIFK (ice hockey)">HIFK</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jarkko_Ruutu" title="Jarkko Ruutu">Jarkko Ruutu</a> (HIFK) and <a href="/wiki/Vesa_Toskala" title="Vesa Toskala">Vesa Toskala</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ilves" title="Ilves">Ilves</a>). <a href="/wiki/Teemu_Sel%C3%A4nne" title="Teemu Selänne">Teemu Selanne</a> also made a contract with <a href="/wiki/Jokerit" title="Jokerit">Jokerit</a> where he began his professional career, but injuries prevented him from suiting up for the entire season. Foreign players included <a href="/wiki/John_Madden_(ice_hockey)" title="John Madden (ice hockey)">John Madden</a> who played 2 games for HIFK, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Avery" title="Sean Avery">Sean Avery</a>, who had a brief stint with the <a href="/wiki/Pelicans_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelicans (ice hockey)">Pelicans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Campbell" title="Brian Campbell">Brian Campbell</a> who played for <a href="/wiki/Jokerit" title="Jokerit">Jokerit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hal_Gill" title="Hal Gill">Hal Gill</a> who played for <a href="/wiki/Lukko" title="Lukko">Lukko</a>. SM-liiga featured three top goaltenders as <a href="/wiki/Dwayne_Roloson" title="Dwayne Roloson">Dwayne Roloson</a> played for <a href="/wiki/Lukko" title="Lukko">Lukko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Vokoun" title="Tomáš Vokoun">Tomas Vokoun</a> played for HIFK and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Thomas_(ice_hockey,_born_1974)" title="Tim Thomas (ice hockey, born 1974)">Tim Thomas</a> (who had had three previous stints in the SM-liiga) played for <a href="/wiki/Jokerit" title="Jokerit">Jokerit</a>, leading his team to the championship finals and being awarded the <a href="/wiki/Kultainen_kyp%C3%A4r%C3%A4" title="Kultainen kypärä">league's most valuable player award</a>. Finnish <a href="/wiki/Mestis" title="Mestis">Mestis</a> also featured NHL talent when <a href="/wiki/Sami_Kapanen" title="Sami Kapanen">Sami Kapanen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kimmo_Timonen" title="Kimmo Timonen">Kimmo Timonen</a> played for <a href="/wiki/KalPa" title="KalPa">KalPa</a>. Timonen and Kapanen partially owned the team and the duo was joined by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Hall" title="Adam Hall">Adam Hall</a> who also played for KalPa during the lockout. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Erik_Cole" title="Erik Cole">Erik Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olaf_K%C3%B6lzig" title="Olaf Kölzig">Olaf Kolzig</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Dempsey" title="Nathan Dempsey">Nathan Dempsey</a> were among the notable players to go to Germany to play in the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">Deutsche Eishockey Liga</a>. </p><p>Fair share of <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovak</a> NHL players returned to their home country to play for various <a href="/wiki/Tipsport_Liga_(hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipsport Liga (hockey)">Slovak Extraliga</a> sides during the lockout, including <a href="/wiki/Pavol_Demitra" title="Pavol Demitra">Pavol Demitra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%A1n_Hossa" title="Marián Hossa">Marián Hossa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%A1n_G%C3%A1bor%C3%ADk" title="Marián Gáborík">Marián Gáborík</a> (all in <a href="/wiki/HK_Dukla_Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="HK Dukla Trenčín">HK Dukla Trenčín</a>), <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_%C5%A0atan" title="Miroslav Šatan">Miroslav Šatan</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C4%BDubom%C3%ADr_Vi%C5%A1%C5%88ovsk%C3%BD" title="Ľubomír Višňovský">Ľubomír Višňovský</a> (both in <a href="/wiki/HC_Slovan_Bratislava" title="HC Slovan Bratislava">HC Slovan Bratislava</a>), <a href="/wiki/Michal_Handzu%C5%A1" title="Michal Handzuš">Michal Handzuš</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Zedn%C3%ADk" title="Richard Zedník">Richard Zedník</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Orsz%C3%A1gh" title="Vladimír Országh">Vladimír Országh</a> (all in <a href="/wiki/HKM_Zvolen" title="HKM Zvolen">HKm Zvolen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ladislav_Nagy" title="Ladislav Nagy">Ladislav Nagy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_%C5%A0trb%C3%A1k" title="Martin Štrbák">Martin Štrbák</a> (both in <a href="/wiki/HC_Ko%C5%A1ice" title="HC Košice">HC Košice</a>), and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDigmund_P%C3%A1lffy" title="Žigmund Pálffy">Žigmund Pálffy</a> (in <a href="/wiki/HK_36_Skalica" title="HK 36 Skalica">HK 36 Skalica</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Latvian_hockey_league" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian hockey league">Latvian league</a> club <a href="/wiki/HK_Riga_2000" title="HK Riga 2000">HK Riga 2000</a>, which played also in the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Extraleague" title="Belarusian Extraleague">Belarusian Extraleague</a>, signed several NHL players. Two of them were Latvians <a href="/wiki/Karlis_Skrastins" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlis Skrastins">Karlis Skrastins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Zholtok" title="Sergei Zholtok">Sergei Zholtok</a> and the third was American <a href="/wiki/Darby_Hendrickson" title="Darby Hendrickson">Darby Hendrickson</a>, who was a close friend of Zholtok. After Zholtok died due to a heart condition, Hendrickson left the club, so that only Skrastins finished the season with the club. </p><p>A number of NHL players also went to Great Britain. In the <a href="/wiki/Elite_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Elite Ice Hockey League">Elite Ice Hockey League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blaze" title="Coventry Blaze">Coventry Blaze</a> signed <a href="/wiki/Wade_Belak" title="Wade Belak">Wade Belak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Devils" title="Cardiff Devils">Cardiff Devils</a> signed <a href="/wiki/Rob_Davison" title="Rob Davison">Rob Davison</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Racers" title="London Racers">London Racers</a> signed <a href="/wiki/Eric_Cairns" title="Eric Cairns">Eric Cairns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Nichol" title="Scott Nichol">Scott Nichol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Panthers" title="Nottingham Panthers">Nottingham Panthers</a> signed <a href="/wiki/Nick_Boynton" title="Nick Boynton">Nick Boynton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Moran" title="Ian Moran">Ian Moran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_McKenna" title="Steve McKenna">Steve McKenna</a>. McKenna also used that season to play for the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Avalanche" title="Adelaide Avalanche">Adelaide Avalanche</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Australian Ice Hockey League">Australian Ice Hockey League</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/British_National_League_(1996%E2%80%932005)" title="British National League (1996–2005)">British National League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guildford_Flames" title="Guildford Flames">Guildford Flames</a> signed <a href="/wiki/Jamie_McLennan" title="Jamie McLennan">Jamie McLennan</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Oliver_(ice_hockey)" title="David Oliver (ice hockey)">David Oliver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Bees" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracknell Bees">Bracknell Bees</a> signed <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Witt" title="Brendan Witt">Brendan Witt</a> while <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Vipers" title="Newcastle Vipers">Newcastle Vipers</a> signed <a href="/wiki/Chris_McAllister" title="Chris McAllister">Chris McAllister</a>. In 2008, McCallister signed for the Vipers for a second time. </p><p>Another notable move came from <a href="/wiki/Karl_Dykhuis" title="Karl Dykhuis">Karl Dykhuis</a>. He signed with the Amsterdam Bulldogs in the Netherlands. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chris_Mason_(ice_hockey)" title="Chris Mason (ice hockey)">Chris Mason</a> (Nashville), <a href="/wiki/Scott_Hartnell" title="Scott Hartnell">Scott Hartnell</a> (Nashville) and <a href="/wiki/Travis_Brigley" title="Travis Brigley">Travis Brigley</a> (Colorado) became Norwegian champions with <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5lerenga_Ishockey" title="Vålerenga Ishockey">Vålerenga Ishockey</a>. In addition, Mark Bell, who at the time was playing for Chicago Blackhawks, played for the Norwegian <a href="/wiki/GET-ligaen" class="mw-redirect" title="GET-ligaen">GET-ligaen</a> club <a href="/wiki/Trondheim_Black_Panthers" title="Trondheim Black Panthers">Trondheim Black Panthers</a>. </p><p>Several NHL players signed in the Italian league <a href="/wiki/Serie_A_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serie A (ice hockey)">Serie A</a>, including <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_B%C3%A9langer" title="Éric Bélanger">Eric Belanger</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Bolzano-Bozen_Foxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolzano-Bozen Foxes">Bolzano-Bozen Foxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Adams_(ice_hockey)" title="Craig Adams (ice hockey)">Craig Adams</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Milano_Vipers" title="Milano Vipers">Milano Vipers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Cullen" title="Matt Cullen">Matt Cullen</a> to <a href="/wiki/SG_Cortina" title="SG Cortina">SG Cortina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pisani" title="Fernando Pisani">Fernando Pisani</a> to the <a href="/wiki/SCL_Tigers" title="SCL Tigers">SCL Tigers</a>, among others. <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Flames" title="Calgary Flames">Calgary Flames</a> players <a href="/wiki/Steve_Montador" title="Steve Montador">Steve Montador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Reinprecht" title="Steven Reinprecht">Steven Reinprecht</a> won the French <a href="/wiki/Ligue_Magnus" title="Ligue Magnus">Ligue Magnus</a> with <a href="/wiki/Scorpions_de_Mulhouse_(1997-2005)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorpions de Mulhouse (1997-2005)">HC Mulhouse</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rob_Niedermayer" title="Rob Niedermayer">Rob Niedermayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jason_Strudwick" title="Jason Strudwick">Jason Strudwick</a> played in the <a href="/wiki/OB_I_bajnoks%C3%A1g" class="mw-redirect" title="OB I bajnokság">Hungarian league</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ferencv%C3%A1rosi_TC_(ice_hockey)" title="Ferencvárosi TC (ice hockey)">Ferencvárosi TC</a>. </p><p>Most of the NHL players playing for European clubs had contract clauses allowing them to leave for the NHL once the lockout ended. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_America">North America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were two attempts to form alternative professional leagues in North America during the lockout, but both failed. A revival of the <b><a href="/wiki/World_Hockey_Association_(proposed)" title="World Hockey Association (proposed)">World Hockey Association</a></b> had been planned since 2002 and was to start play shortly after the lockout was expected to begin. Despite having former <a href="/wiki/World_Hockey_Association" title="World Hockey Association">WHA</a> star <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Hull" title="Bobby Hull">Bobby Hull</a> as commissioner, the league never got off the ground. A lack of stable financing undermined plans to sign both locked-out players and top prospects such as <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Crosby" title="Sidney Crosby">Sidney Crosby</a>. </p><p>Another league, the <b>Original Stars Hockey League</b> (OSHL), was established in Canada and expected to play four-on-four games between six teams (ostensibly representing the <a href="/wiki/Original_Six" title="Original Six">Original Six</a> cities) in various Canadian cities until the lockout was settled. More than 100 players purportedly signed up to play in the OSHL. The league debuted on September 17, 2004 in <a href="/wiki/Barrie,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrie, Ontario">Barrie, Ontario</a>, Canada. In the inaugural game, "Toronto" defeated "Detroit" 16–13. The next and last game was played in <a href="/wiki/Brampton,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Brampton, Ontario">Brampton, Ontario</a> with "Boston" defeating "Montreal" 14–11. Jerseys worn by players were based on Original Six (Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Montreal, New York, Toronto), but all had the words "OSHL" in white, three stars patches on the shoulders instead of team logos or cities. However, escalating salary demands by players quickly bankrupted the league. Shortly after its first two games, OSHL president Randy Gumbley announced that the league had received firm commitments from only twenty players, and the league soon folded. </p><p>NHL players looking for a place to play clearly preferred stable, established European clubs to upstart leagues that were derisively dubbed as "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fly-by-night" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:fly-by-night">fly-by-night</a>" operations by their critics. A small number of players played for established <a href="/wiki/Minor_league" title="Minor league">minor league</a> teams near their families and homes, while others chose to repay the league which gave them a start by returning. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Motor_City_Mechanics" title="Motor City Mechanics">Motor City Mechanics</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Hockey_League" title="United Hockey League">UHL</a> got a major boost during their first year in existence when the lockout officially started. The team signed <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> players <a href="/wiki/Chris_Chelios" title="Chris Chelios">Chris Chelios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derian_Hatcher" title="Derian Hatcher">Derian Hatcher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kris_Draper" title="Kris Draper">Kris Draper</a>. This happened because Derian Hatcher knew the team was playing at <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Sports_City_Superior_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Lakes Sports City Superior Arena">Great Lakes Sports City Superior Arena</a> where he often played growing up. Because of visa problems Kris Draper never played a game for the Mechanics. Later on they also signed <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Smolinski" title="Bryan Smolinski">Bryan Smolinski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sean_Avery" title="Sean Avery">Sean Avery</a> and were able to roll four NHL players on their opponents. All of the players had some experience or connection to the area. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> gained some players. <a href="/wiki/Scott_Gomez" title="Scott Gomez">Scott Gomez</a> played for his hometown team, the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Aces_(ECHL)" title="Alaska Aces (ECHL)">Alaska Aces</a> and won the ECHL's Most Valuable Player award, while <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Brown_(hockey_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtis Brown (hockey player)">Curtis Brown</a>, whose wife is a native of Southern California, played for the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Gulls_(1995-2006)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Gulls (1995-2006)">San Diego Gulls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bates_Battaglia" title="Bates Battaglia">Bates Battaglia</a> joined his younger brother Anthony on the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Sea_Wolves" title="Mississippi Sea Wolves">Mississippi Sea Wolves</a> roster. A pair of <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Predators" title="Nashville Predators">Nashville Predators</a> teammates, <a href="/wiki/Shane_Hnidy" title="Shane Hnidy">Shane Hnidy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Stevenson" title="Jeremy Stevenson">Jeremy Stevenson</a>, both of whom had early careers in the ECHL, returned to the league and found themselves playing against each other in the first round of the Kelly Cup playoffs, as Hnidy's <a href="/wiki/Florida_Everblades" title="Florida Everblades">Florida Everblades</a> faced Stevenson's <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Stingrays" title="South Carolina Stingrays">South Carolina Stingrays</a> in the American Conference quarterfinals. </p><p>Some prospects who may have never had a serious look were given chances they thought they never would have. Undrafted journeyman <a href="/wiki/Chris_Minard" title="Chris Minard">Chris Minard</a> had been signed with Alaska for his third season in the ECHL when the lockout allowed <a href="/wiki/Davis_Payne" title="Davis Payne">Davis Payne</a> to assign him on the same line as Gomez at the Aces. Gomez saw a gem that led to the 2005 ECHL All-Star Game, and a top ECHL player that season; the pairing led to Gomez giving Minard a shot after the lockout ended, and he played his way into the AHL, and eventually signing a two-way contract with the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins" title="Pittsburgh Penguins">Pittsburgh Penguins</a>, receiving in 2007–08 his first call-up to the NHL. Minard said about the experience, "That's when I learned a lot about being a goal-scorer, playing with a guy like that who can pass the puck. It was a pretty cool experience."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, many younger players who would be impact players on their NHL rosters stayed down in the <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a> for <a href="/wiki/2004-05_AHL_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2004-05 AHL season">a full season</a> – most notably <a href="/wiki/Jason_Spezza" title="Jason Spezza">Jason Spezza</a>, who won the league scoring title and MVP awards – changing the aspect of that league's entire season. A record crowd of 20,103 fans packed the <a href="/wiki/Wachovia_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Wachovia Center">Wachovia Center</a> in Philadelphia for Game Four of the <a href="/wiki/Calder_Cup" title="Calder Cup">Calder Cup</a> finals between the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phantoms" title="Philadelphia Phantoms">Philadelphia Phantoms</a> and Rosemont's <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Wolves" title="Chicago Wolves">Chicago Wolves</a>. The Wolves, <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Americans" title="Rochester Americans">Rochester Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Moose" title="Manitoba Moose">Manitoba Moose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Bulldogs_(AHL)" title="Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL)">Hamilton Bulldogs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport_Sound_Tigers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridgeport Sound Tigers">Bridgeport Sound Tigers</a> each saw attendance figures increase over ten percent from 2003 to 2004 in the AHL, with the Moose average attendance soaring 24.09 percent from the previous year. In the ECHL, the <a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_Gladiators" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwinnett Gladiators">Gwinnett Gladiators</a>, San Diego Gulls, <a href="/wiki/Bakersfield_Condors_(1998%E2%80%932015)" title="Bakersfield Condors (1998–2015)">Bakersfield Condors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Checkers_(ECHL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte Checkers (ECHL)">Charlotte Checkers</a> also saw similar gains, with the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Thrashers" title="Atlanta Thrashers">Atlanta Thrashers</a>-affiliated Gladiators receiving a gain of over 20 percent in attendance from the previous year. </p><p>However, the lockout negatively affected many minor-league players, where the influx of NHL players forced many to play in lower-level leagues for less money or out of jobs altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, other minor hockey leagues benefited from the lack of competition from the major professional league. The <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Hockey_League" title="Ontario Hockey League">Ontario Hockey League</a> was a particular beneficiary, with teams such as the <a href="/wiki/London_Knights" title="London Knights">London Knights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saginaw_Spirit" title="Saginaw Spirit">Saginaw Spirit</a> garnering considerable attention. The lack of the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> playoffs also created increased interest in the <a href="/wiki/2005_Memorial_Cup" title="2005 Memorial Cup">2005 Memorial Cup</a> tournament with record TV ratings. <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a> <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Clarkson" title="Adrienne Clarkson">Adrienne Clarkson</a> mused publicly about the possibility of awarding the Stanley Cup to the best women's hockey team that year, but this idea was so unpopular that instead the <a href="/wiki/Clarkson_Cup" title="Clarkson Cup">Clarkson Cup</a> was created. The 2005 <a href="/wiki/Allan_Cup" title="Allan Cup">Allan Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lloydminster" title="Lloydminster">Lloydminster</a> also attracted elevated national media interest. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hockey_League" title="Western Hockey League">Western Hockey League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Hitmen" title="Calgary Hitmen">Calgary Hitmen</a> were the most watched team in North America, averaging 10,062 fans per game. Their season total of 362,227 shattered the WHL and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hockey_League" title="Canadian Hockey League">CHL</a> records<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and represented a 33% increase over <a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_WHL_season" title="2003–04 WHL season">2003–04</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-whl_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whl-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Giants" title="Vancouver Giants">Vancouver Giants</a> also experienced a massive increase, finishing second in the WHL with 302,403 fans going through the turnstiles.<sup id="cite_ref-whl_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whl-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_hockey">International hockey</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: International hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lockout had a substantial effect on international tournaments run by the <a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">International Ice Hockey Federation</a>. The most notable effect was observed in the <a href="/wiki/2005_World_Junior_Ice_Hockey_Championships" title="2005 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships">2005 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks, North Dakota">Grand Forks, North Dakota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thief_River_Falls,_Minnesota" title="Thief River Falls, Minnesota">Thief River Falls, Minnesota</a>. With the NHL inactive, the top eligible U-20 players were not playing in that league and thus were available to their countries for the tournament. The country that benefitted most as a result was Canada. The Canadians not only ended a seven-year <a href="/wiki/Gold_medal" title="Gold medal">gold medal</a> drought at this competition, they outscored their opponents 41–7 and defeated <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> 6–1 in the final game. Many analysts believe that the Canadian team was the most dominating ever in this tournament, aided in no small part by players such as <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Bergeron" title="Patrice Bergeron">Patrice Bergeron</a> who could have expected to have commitments in the NHL. </p><p>At the time that the 2004–05 season was canceled, it was not immediately clear how the lockout would affect the 2005 <a href="/wiki/World_Ice_Hockey_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="World Ice Hockey Championships">World Ice Hockey Championships</a>. Normally, NHL players from teams that failed to qualify for the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup_playoffs" title="Stanley Cup playoffs">Stanley Cup playoffs</a> participate in this tournament. Since no playoffs were being held, theoretically all NHL players could participate. In reality, however, many NHL players declined to participate, and national teams were naturally reluctant to select players who lacked game conditioning. For all of the teams (including the North American ones), the bulk of the national teams' rosters consisted of players who were playing in Europe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects_outside_hockey">Effects outside hockey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Effects outside hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout" title="Special:EditPage/2004–05 NHL lockout">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Canadian sports fans also turned to the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a>, and the CFL recorded significant increases in attendance and television ratings during the final weeks of the <a href="/wiki/2004_CFL_season" title="2004 CFL season">2004 CFL season</a> compared to <a href="/wiki/2003_CFL_season" title="2003 CFL season">2003</a>, ultimately setting a new record for total <a href="/wiki/Playoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Playoff">playoff</a> attendance. The league was able to hold onto at least some of these gains in <a href="/wiki/2005_CFL_season" title="2005 CFL season">2005</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Lacrosse_League" title="National Lacrosse League">National Lacrosse League</a> also saw a modest boost in attendance. Also in the United States, the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA) also saw some big gains in attendance in markets which have both NHL and NBA teams; this is in part because the NHL and NBA season run in a similar time frame within the year and often play in the same venue. The <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) and <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) also saw some minor gains in attendance in 2004–05. <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> (MLS) began to become profitable in 2004, which many believed to have been caused by the NHL lockout. To date, the MLS has operated with profit since 2004. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Philips_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Philips Arena">Philips Arena</a> requested the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Conference" title="Southeastern Conference">Southeastern Conference</a> to move the SEC Women's Basketball Tournament out of their venue because of logistics, because the 55th NHL All-Star Game was scheduled for late January, while the SEC tournament was scheduled five weeks later. The resulting move led to the <a href="/wiki/BI-LO_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="BI-LO Center">BI-LO Center</a>, an <a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> arena 140 miles to the east in <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville, South Carolina</a>, hosting the tournament, drawing the ire of the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>, who wanted the SEC to ban the venue from hosting tournaments because of its location. Philips Arena was granted the NHL All-Star Game in <a href="/wiki/2007-08_NHL_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2007-08 NHL season">2008</a> as compensation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/28px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/42px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/56px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organized_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Organized labour">Organized labour portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPodnieks2005" class="citation book cs1">Podnieks, Andrew (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lostseason0000podn"><i>Lost Season</i></a></span>. Bolton, Ontario: Fenn Publishing Company Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55168-298-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55168-298-3"><bdi>978-1-55168-298-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Season&rft.place=Bolton%2C+Ontario&rft.pub=Fenn+Publishing+Company+Ltd.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-55168-298-3&rft.aulast=Podnieks&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flostseason0000podn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods2005" class="citation news cs1">Woods, Allan (February 17, 2005). "Game over: NHL officially cancels season". <i>The National Post</i>. p. A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Post&rft.atitle=Game+over%3A+NHL+officially+cancels+season&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2005-02-17&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBock2005" class="citation news cs1">Bock, Hal (February 17, 2005). "1921: No Champion". <i>The Tampa Tribune</i>. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tampa+Tribune&rft.atitle=1921%3A+No+Champion&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2005-02-17&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=Hal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeathEl-Bashir2005" class="citation news cs1">Heath, Thomas; El-Bashir, Tarik (February 17, 2005). "Cold Reality: NHL Cancels The Season". <i>The Washington Post</i>. p. A1. <q>The National Hockey League became the first major sports league in North America to lose an entire season because of a labor disagreement.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Cold+Reality%3A+NHL+Cancels+The+Season&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2005-02-17&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=El-Bashir%2C+Tarik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeika" class="citation web cs1">Heika, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413061115/http://legacy.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041215/news_1s15nhl.html">"Players reject NHL 'cost certainty' counteroffer"</a>. <i>Sign on San Diego</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sign+on+San+Diego&rft.atitle=Players+reject+NHL+%27cost+certainty%27+counteroffer&rft.aulast=Heika&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.utsandiego.com%2Funiontrib%2F20041215%2Fnews_1s15nhl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeath2004" class="citation news cs1">Heath, Thomas (February 13, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/2004/02/13/report-shows-nhl-in-financial-trouble/ced937ca-1cd1-4ba3-8c99-3e8da418fe4a/">"Report Shows NHL In Financial Trouble"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Commish%3A+%27A+luxury+tax+will+not+work%27&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fnhl%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D1935455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOzanian2004" class="citation news cs1">Ozanian, Michael K. (November 29, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041114165039/http://www.forbes.com/free_forbes/2004/1129/124.html">"Ice Capades"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Ice+Capades&rft.date=2004-11-29&rft.aulast=Ozanian&rft.aufirst=Michael+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Ffree_forbes%2F2004%2F1129%2F124.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/30/sports/hockey/rangers-part-ways-with-holik.html?pagewanted=print">"Rangers Part Ways With Holik"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 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Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bottomlineobserv0000zimb/page/304">304</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59213-512-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59213-512-7"><bdi>978-1-59213-512-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+bottom+line+%3A+observations+and+arguments+on+the+sports+business&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-59213-512-7&rft.aulast=Zimbalist&rft.aufirst=Andrew+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbottomlineobserv0000zimb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadenhausenOzanian2005" class="citation journal cs1">Badenhausen, Kurt; Ozanian, Michael K. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+Lakers+discuss+the+effects+of+the+NHL+lockout+on+minor+leaguers+%3A%3A+Krueckl+and+Turgeon+say+there+are+pros+and+cons+of+having+NHL%27ers+in+the+UHL&rft.pub=Lssulakers.cstv.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flssulakers.cstv.com%2Fsports%2Fm-hockey%2Fspec-rel%2F021805aaa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapointe2005" class="citation news cs1">Lapointe, Joe (February 27, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/27/sports/hockey/27hockey.html">"The New York Times > Sports > Hockey > Steve and the Mechanics: Over the Top in the Minors"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+%3E+Sports+%3E+Hockey+%3E+Steve+and+the+Mechanics%3A+Over+the+Top+in+the+Minors&rft.date=2005-02-27&rft.aulast=Lapointe&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F02%2F27%2Fsports%2Fhockey%2F27hockey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120717152252/http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Hockey/Junior/2005/03/19/966358-sun.html">Kisio on the hot seat</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>, <i>Calgary Sun</i>, March 19, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whl-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whl_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whl_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whl.ca/records/?id=42">whl.ca team records</a>, Accessed October 15, 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070813203124/http://whl.ca/records/?id=42">Archived</a> August 13, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_sites_run_by_the_parties_involved">Official sites run by the parties involved</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Official sites run by the parties involved"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050715081254/http://www.nhlcbanews.com/">"NHL CBA News"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhlcbanews.com/">the original</a> on July 15, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NHL+CBA+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhlcbanews.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2004%E2%80%9305+NHL+lockout" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhlpa.com/">NHLPA website</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News_coverage">News coverage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: News coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050219011516/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/indepth/cba/">CBC coverage of dispute</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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Islanders season">NY Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_New_York_Rangers_season" title="2004–05 New York Rangers season">NY Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Philadelphia_Flyers_season" title="2004–05 Philadelphia Flyers season">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Pittsburgh_Penguins_season" title="2004–05 Pittsburgh Penguins season">Pittsburgh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#ce0008; color:#ffffff">Northeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2004–05 Boston Bruins season">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Buffalo_Sabres_season" title="2004–05 Buffalo Sabres season">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="2004–05 Montreal Canadiens season">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Ottawa_Senators_season" title="2004–05 Ottawa Senators season">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="2004–05 Toronto Maple Leafs season">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#ce0008; color:#ffffff">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Atlanta_Thrashers_season" title="2004–05 Atlanta Thrashers season">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Carolina_Hurricanes_season" title="2004–05 Carolina Hurricanes season">Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Florida_Panthers_season" title="2004–05 Florida Panthers season">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Tampa_Bay_Lightning_season" title="2004–05 Tampa Bay Lightning season">Tampa Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Washington_Capitals_season" title="2004–05 Washington Capitals season">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#094480; color:#ffffff">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Chicago_Blackhawks_season" title="2004–05 Chicago Blackhawks season">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Columbus_Blue_Jackets_season" title="2004–05 Columbus Blue Jackets season">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="2004–05 Detroit Red Wings season">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Nashville_Predators_season" title="2004–05 Nashville Predators season">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_St._Louis_Blues_season" title="2004–05 St. Louis Blues season">St. Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#094480; color:#ffffff">Northwest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Calgary_Flames_season" title="2004–05 Calgary Flames season">Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Colorado_Avalanche_season" title="2004–05 Colorado Avalanche season">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Edmonton_Oilers_season" title="2004–05 Edmonton Oilers season">Edmonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Minnesota_Wild_season" title="2004–05 Minnesota Wild season">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Vancouver_Canucks_season" title="2004–05 Vancouver Canucks season">Vancouver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#094480; color:#ffffff">Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Mighty_Ducks_of_Anaheim_season" title="2004–05 Mighty Ducks of Anaheim season">Anaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Dallas_Stars_season" title="2004–05 Dallas Stars season">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Los_Angeles_Kings_season" title="2004–05 Los Angeles Kings season">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Phoenix_Coyotes_season" title="2004–05 Phoenix Coyotes season">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_San_Jose_Sharks_season" title="2004–05 San Jose Sharks season">San Jose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#CCCCCC;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Express_(ice_hockey)" title="West Coast Express (ice hockey)">West Coast Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_NHL_entry_draft" title="2004 NHL entry draft">Draft</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lockout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sports_labor_disputes_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USA_pro_sports_labor_relations" title="Template:USA pro sports labor relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USA_pro_sports_labor_relations" title="Template talk:USA pro sports labor relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USA_pro_sports_labor_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USA pro sports labor relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sports_labor_disputes_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_labor_disputes_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Sports labor disputes in the United States">Sports labor disputes in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Major_League_Baseball_strike" title="1972 Major League Baseball strike">1972 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Major_League_Baseball_lockout" title="1973 Major League Baseball lockout">1973 lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Major_League_Baseball_lockout" title="1976 Major League Baseball lockout">1976 lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Major_League_Baseball_strike" title="1980 Major League Baseball strike">1980 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Major_League_Baseball_strike" title="1981 Major League Baseball strike">1981 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Major_League_Baseball_strike" title="1985 Major League Baseball strike">1985 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Major_League_Baseball_lockout" title="1990 Major League Baseball lockout">1990 lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_Major_League_Baseball_strike" title="1994–95 Major League Baseball strike">1994–95 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Major_League_Baseball_lockout" title="2021–22 Major League Baseball lockout">2021–22 lockout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_NBA_lockout" class="mw-redirect" title="1995 NBA lockout">1995 lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_NBA_lockout" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 NBA lockout">1996 lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_NBA_lockout" title="1998–99 NBA lockout">1998–99 lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_NBA_lockout" title="2011 NBA lockout">2011 lockout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_NFL_strike/lockout" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 NFL strike/lockout">1968 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970_NFL_strike/lockout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970 NFL strike/lockout (page does not exist)">1970 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_NFL_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 NFL strike">1974 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_NFL_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 NFL strike">1982 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_NFL_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 NFL strike">1987 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_NFL_referee_lockout" title="2001 NFL referee lockout">2001 referee lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_NFL_lockout" title="2011 NFL lockout">2011 lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_NFL_referee_lockout" title="2012 NFL referee lockout">2012 referee lockout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_NHL_strike" title="1992 NHL strike">1992 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_NHL_lockout" title="1994–95 NHL lockout">1994–95 lockout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2004–05 lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_lockout" title="2012–13 NHL lockout">2012–13 lockout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Soccer_Federation" title="United States Soccer Federation">United States Soccer Federation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team_pay_discrimination_claim" title="United States women's national soccer team pay discrimination claim">2017 gender discrimination claim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_Boston_Celtics_boycott" title="1961 Boston Celtics boycott">1961 Boston Celtics boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">2020 American athlete strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_MLS_referee_lockout" title="2024 MLS referee lockout">2024 MLS referee lockout</a></li></ul> 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