CABI Thesaurus

<html> <head> <title>CABI Thesaurus</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="CABI Thesaurus is the essential search tool for all users of the CAB ABSTRACTS and Global Health databases and related products." /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/StyleSheet_home.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/StyleSheet_devRes.css" /> <meta name="robots" content="NOINDEX, NOFOLLOW" /> <script language="Javascript">  </script> <style> #mtContent .navigation { text-align: center; margin: 0px; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; } #mtContent .navigation a { text-decoration: none; margin: 0 0 0 10px; font-size: 10pt; } #mtContent .navigation a:hover { text-decoration: underline; font-size: 10pt; } </style> </head> <body onload="sf(); addplus();"> <form name="frmSearch" id="frmMain" method="GET" action="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe"> <input type="HIDDEN" name="searchstring" id="searchstring" value="" /> <input type="HIDDEN" name="k" value="default" /> <div id="container" class="Container">  <div class="cwsHeaderLogo"> <div class="cwsCabiText">CABI Thesaurus</div> <div class="cwsCabiLogo" style="width: 280px;"> <img src="images/CABI_URL_white.gif" width="82" height="50" alt="CABI Logo" /> </div> </div>   <div class="cwsMenu"> <div id="menuhome" class="mainmenu" onmouseover="javascript:mouseover('menuhome');" onmouseout="javascript:mouseout('menuhome');"> <div class="menuitem"> <a style="color:#FFFFFF;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="navigate(getScriptName() + '?yi=home')">Home</a> </div> </div> <div style="border-left: 1px solid white; float:left; height:100%; width:1px;"></div> <div id="menuall" class="mainmenu" onmouseover="javascript:mouseover('menuall');" onmouseout="javascript:mouseout('menuall');"> <div class="menuitem"> <a style="color:#FFFFFF;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="navigate(getScriptName() + '?yi=search');">All terms A-Z</a> </div> </div> <div style="border-left: 1px solid white; float:left; height:100%; width:1px;"></div> <div id="menusubject" class="mainmenuoff" onmouseover="javascript:mouseover('menusubject');" onmouseout="javascript:mouseout('menusubject');"> <div class="menuitem"> <a style="color:#FFFFFF;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="navigate(getScriptName() + '?k=default&l=60&s=cat&h=Browse+categories');">Browse by subject / category</a> </div> </div> <div id="menuemail" class="mainmenu" onmouseover="javascript:mouseover('menuemail');" onmouseout="javascript:mouseout('menuemail');" style="float:right; color:#FFFFFF;"> <div class="menuitem"> <a style="color:#FFFFFF;" href="http://www.cabi.org/cookie-information/" target="_blank">Cookie Information</a> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="MainBody"> <div class="PaddingLeft"> </div>  <div id="leftmenu" class="LeftMenu"> <div class="Paddinghorizontal"></div> <div class="SideMenu">  <div class="ContentCurveTopLeft"> </div> <div class="ContentCurveTopRight"> </div>  <div class="BigMenuItemHolderLeftMenu"> <div> <p class="cwsDetailsBoxHeaderOrangeBig"> Search Thesaurus : </p> <span style="vertical-align: top"> <input name="w" value="" size="20" />` </span> <img src="images/arrow_CABI_orange.gif" id="imgtopsearch" alt="Search Thesaurus" height="25px" width="25px" onclick="javascript:formsubmit('imgtopsearch');" onmouseover="javascript:changecursorstyle('imgtopsearch')" /><span style="margin-top: -10px"></span> <div class="Paddinghorizontal"> </div> <div id="Searchoptions"> <div> <label for="l"> <b>Language</b> </label> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px"> <select name="l" style="width: 200px">  <option value="199">Dansk</option> <option value="193">Deutsch</option> <option value="227">English - United States</option> <option value="60" selected="">English</option> <option value="192">Français</option> <option value="195">Italiano</option> <option value="194">Nederlands</option> <option value="197">Norsk</option> <option value="181">Português</option> <option value="387">Русский</option> <option value="182">Español</option> <option value="198">Suomi</option> <option value="196">Svensk</option> <option value=""></option> </select> </div> <div class="Paddinghorizontal"> </div> <div> <label for="s"> <b>Search type</b> </label> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px"> <select name="s" style="width: 200px"> <option value="1" selected>terms begin with text</option> <option value="2">terms contain text</option> </select> </div> <div class="Paddinghorizontal"> </div> <div> <label for="t"> <b>Results format</b> </label> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px"> <select name="t" style="width: 200px"> <option value="1" selected>simple term list</option> <option value="2">terms + relationships</option> <option value="3">terms + hierarchy</option> </select> </div> <div class="Paddinghorizontal"> </div> <div> <label for="n"> <b>Terms per page</b> </label> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px"> <select name="n" style="width: 200px"> <option value="15" selected>15</option> <option value="25">25</option> </select> </div> <div class="Paddinghorizontal"> </div> <div> <label for="x"> <b>Match terms *</b> </label> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px"> <select name="x" style="width: 200px"> <option value="0" selected title="Match terms equal to or higher alphabetically than text"> <b>Equal or Greater</b> </option> <option value="1" title="Match terms with the exact text (prefix)">Exact prefix</option> </select> </div> <div> <div class="Paddinghorizontal"> </div> <label for="tt"> <b>Term type *</b> </label> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px"> <select name="tt" style="width: 200px"> <option value="0" selected title="Match any terms">Any</option> <option value="1" title="Match top terms only">Top terms</option> </select> </div> <div class="Paddinghorizontal"> </div> <img id="imgsearch" src="images/search_clicked.gif" alt="Search" onclick="javascript:formsubmit('imgsearch');" onmouseover="javascript:changecursorstyle('imgsearch')" /> <br /> <br /> <small><b>* Available only to search type "term begins with text"</b></small> </div> <div style="margin-top:10px;"> <div class="cwsalphabetsOrange"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="navigate(getScriptName() + '?yi=help')">Help with search >></a></div> <div class="cwsalphabetsOrange"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="navigate(getScriptName() + '?yi=sample')">Get Sample Data >></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="PaddingLeft"></div>   <div id="content" class="Content">  <div class="ContentCurveTopLeft"></div> <div class="ContentCurveTopRight"></div>   <div class="DetailsBox" id="mtContent" style="margin-bottom:10px; overflow: auto; height: 640px; display:none;"> <div style="padding-left: 10px;"> <p class="cwsDetailsBoxHeaderOrangeBig">All terms A-Z</p> </div> <div id="letterIndex" class="cwsalphabetsOrange"> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=0&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=" id="start" style="padding-right:5px">All</a> <span style="padding-left:5px;padding-right:5px">|</span> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=A">A</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=B">B</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=C">C</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=D">D</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=E">E</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=F">F</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=G">G</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=H">H</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=I">I</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=J">J</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=K">K</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=L">L</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=M">M</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=N">N</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=O">O</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=P">P</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=Q">Q</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=R">R</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=S">S</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=T">T</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=U">U</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=V">V</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=W">W</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=X">X</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=Y">Y</a> <a href="/cabthesaurus/mtwdk.exe?k=default&x=1&s=1&n=15&t=1&l=60&y=0&w=Z">Z</a> | </div> <div id="hierarchy" class="cwsalphabetsOrange" style="float:right; margin-right:30%;"></div> <div id="spacer" style="display:block; clear:both;"></div>  <script> </script> <STYLE> #intro { margin-left:10px; padding:25px; background-color:#FFFFFF; } #intro h2 { margin-left:-10px; } #intro DT { margin-top:5px; font-weight:bold;} #intro DD { margin-top:3px;} </STYLE> <DIV ID="intro"> </DIV>  </div> <div id="HomeBody" style="display: block; margin:10px; height: 640px; overflow: auto;"> <h1>About CABI Thesaurus</h1> <p> The CABI Thesaurus is the essential search tool for all users of the CAB ABSTRACTS™ and Global Health databases and related products. The CABI Thesaurus is not only an invaluable aid for database users but it has many potential uses by individuals and organizations indexing their own information resources for both internal use and on the Internet </p> <br /> Its strengths include: <ul> <li>Controlled vocabulary that has been in constant use since 1983</li> <li>Regularly updated (current version released June 2022)</li> <li>Broad coverage of pure and applied life sciences, technology and social sciences. <a href="javascript:void(0);" style="border:0px; text-decoration:underline; font-size:12px;" onclick="navigate(getScriptName() + '?yi=coverage')">For more information click here</a></li> <li>Total number of terms exceeding 3.1 million</li> <li>Specific terminology for all subjects covered</li> <li>Includes about 287,800 plant, animal and microorganism names</li> <li>Broad, narrow and related terms to help users find relevant terminology</li> <li>Cross-references from non-preferred synonyms to preferred terms</li> <li>Multi-lingual, with Dutch, German, Portuguese and Spanish equivalents for most English terms, plus lesser content in Danish, Finnish, French, Italian, Norwegian, Russian and Swedish</li> <li>American and British spelling variants</li>  <li>Commission notation for enzymes</li> </ul> <h2>About CABI</h2> <p> <a href="http://www.cabi.org/" target="_blank">CABI</a> is a not-for-profit science-based development and information organization. We improve people’s lives by providing information and applying scientific expertise to solve problems in agriculture and the environment. Our mission and direction is influenced by member countries who help guide the activities undertaken. These include scientific publishing, development projects and research, and microbial services. </p> </div> <div id="SearchBody" style="display: block; margin:10px; height: 640px; overflow: auto;"> <h2>Searching the CABI Thesaurus</h2> <h3>Choosing the language</h3> <p> The CABI Thesaurus is available in eleven languages. Once a language is chosen from the drop-down list all searches and browsing will be in that language. </p> <h3>Browsing the thesaurus</h3> <p> From the Home page click "All terms A-Z" in the top menu. Then to browse alphabetically, click on "All" or a letter of the alphabet under "All Terms A-Z" in the central panel. Clicking on a term in the term list will display the term record. </p> <p style="margin-top:10px;"> To browse by term subject category or technical category, first click "Browse by subject / category" in the top menu, then click on "Subject Category" or "Technical Categories" to display appropriate lists of categories. Click on one of these categories to display a list of terms that belong to that category. Clicking on a term in the term list will display the term record. </p> <p style="margin-top:10px;">On the term record display:</p> <ul> <li>Clicking on a related term will display its term record.</li> <li>Clicking on a subject category or technical category will list all terms within that category.</li> </ul> <h3>Searching terms</h3> <p> Search terms by entering the first few letters of the term or the entire term in the Search Thesaurus text box, then click the arrow or the "Search" button. When the "Search results" are displayed, clicking on a term will display the term record. </p> <h3>Search Options</h3> <p>The following search options are available:</p> <p style="margin-top:10px;"><strong>Language</strong></p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">Select the language from the drop down list upon which the search will be performed.</p> <p style="margin-top:10px;"><strong>Search type</strong></p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">Determines whether to look for <em>terms which begin with the text entered</em> or <em>terms which contain the text entered</em>.</p> <p style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:5px;"> <span><em>Example 1</em></span><br /> <span>Searching for 'plant' with "Search type" set to "terms begin with text" will find</span> </p> <ul> <li>plant (industrial) <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </li> <li>plant analysis <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /></li> <li>plant anatomy <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /></li> <li>plant breeding <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:20px;"> <span><em>Example 2</em></span><br /> <span>Searching for 'plant' with "Search type" set to "terms contain text" will find</span> </p> <ul> <li>abortion (plants) <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /></li> <li>acaricidal plants <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /></li> <li>algicidal plants <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /></li> <li>Alisma plantago-aquatica <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /></li> </ul> <p style="margin-top:10px;"><strong>Results format</strong></p> <p style="margin-left:20px;"> Determines what information is displayed in the results: </p> <ul> <li>"simple term list" is an alphabetical list of the terms, one row per term</li> <li>"terms + relationships" displays the term record for each term. This search is slower than the simple list.</li> <li>"terms + hierarchy" displays the 2-way formatted hierarchy for each term. In this format, periods (".") denote narrower terms, and colons (":") denote broader terms. This search can be slow, depending on the number of levels each hierarchy has.</li> </ul> <p style="margin-top:10px;"><strong>Terms per page</strong></p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">Determines how many terms per page to include in the results. A higher number will display more information, thus making it slower. However, a lower number might force you to click "Next >" in order to find the term.</p> <p style="margin-top:10px;"><strong>Match terms</strong></p> <p style="margin-left:20px;"> Determines whether to search alphabetically for terms which are <em>equal to or greater</em> (alphabetically) than the text entered or whether an <em>exact match</em> is required. These two options apply only where the "Search type" is "term begins with text". </p> <p style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:5px;"> <span><em>Example 1</em></span><br /> <span>With the Search String equal to "qa" and "Search type" set to "term begins with text" and "Match terms" set to "Equal or Greater"</span><br /><br /> <span>The result is:</span> </p> <ul> <li>Qalyub virus <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /></li> <li>Qatar <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </li> <li>Q-I relationships <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </li> <li>Qinchuan <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </li> <li>Qing Hai <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </li> <li>Qinghai <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </li> <li>qinghaosu <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </li> <li>qinghaozhi <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </li> <li>quackery <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </li> </ul> <span style="margin-left:20px;">Note that words beginning "qi" and "qu" are <em>greater</em> alphabetically than "qa".</span><br /> <p style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:5px;"> <span><em>Example 2</em></span><br /> <span>With the Search String equal to "qa" and "Search type" set to "term begins with text" and "Match terms" set to "Exact prefix"</span><br /><br /> <span>The result is:</span> </p> <ul> <li>Qalyub virus <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </li> <li>Qatar <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /></li> </ul> <span style="margin-left:20px;">In this example there are only two words that begin with "qa".</span> <p style="margin-top:10px;"><strong>Term type</strong></p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">Determines whether results should display <em>all</em> terms in the thesaurus that match the search criteria or only <em>top terms</em>. These two options apply only where the "Search type" is "term begins with text". A top term is a term that sits at the top of the thesaurus hierarchy. That means a top term does not have any Broader Terms. For example, the following is the Term Record for the top term "eukaryotes". Notice there are no Broader Terms, only Narrower Terms.</p> <p style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:5px;"><strong>eukaryotes</strong> <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">Portuguese</p> <p style="margin-left:40px;">organismos eucariotes</p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">Spanish</p> <p style="margin-left:40px;">eucariotas</p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">Technical Categories</p> <p style="margin-left:40px;">COM Common Name (Organisms)</p> <p style="margin-left:40px;">P Plural Form</p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">Narrower Term</p> <p style="margin-left:40px;">animals <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </p> <p style="margin-left:40px;">fungi <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </p> <p style="margin-left:40px;">plants <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">Related Term Broader</p> <p style="margin-left:40px;">organisms <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> </p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">Subject Category</p> <p style="margin-left:40px;">ON Organism Names</p> <p style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px;">When "top terms" is chosen, the search will perform significantly slower.</p> <p style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px;">When "top terms" is chosen, the search will perform significantly slower.</p> <h3>Creating a search string using the Search String box</h3> <p>Clicking on an <img src="Images/add_button.gif" alt="click to add this term" /> button will add the adjacent term to the Search String box. The search string can be extended by adding further terms. Once complete the search string may be sent to a search engine by clicking "Send to CAB Direct" or "Send to Google" or "Send to Yahoo". The search results are displayed in a separate browser tab. The "Send to CAB Direct" option will work only if your institution has a subscription to this service.</p> <p style="margin-top:10px;">The Search String box is fully editable. A search string may be edited at any time.</p> <p style="margin-top:10px;">If you want to clear the search string box, click on the "Clear Search" button below the box.</p> <p style="margin-top:10px;">The search string can handle Boolean operators, such as OR, AND and NOT. The default operator is OR but that can be edited to something else. It is recommended that Boolean operators be typed in upper case.</p> <h3>Send feedback</h3> <p>When a term record is displayed, the "Send Feedback" option is shown on the top right of the screen. Clicking on this opens the default mail client on your computer, with the current (or first) term as the subject, and the predefined recipient <a href="mailto:thesaurus@cabi.org" style="border:0px; text-decoration:underline; font-size:12px;"><em>thesaurus@cabi.org</em></a>.</p> </div> <div id="SampleDataBody" style="display: block; margin:10px; height: 640px; overflow: auto;"> <h2>CABI Thesaurus 2017 sample data</h2> <p> These files contain sample data from the 2017 CABI Thesaurus, consisting of 13839 records starting with the letter A in English. The XML and SKOS/RDF outputs use UTF-8 encoding. </p> <br /> <p><a href="sample-data/cab-thesaurus-sample-a.txt" style="color:Gray; font-family: Arial; font-size:14px;" target="_blank">Plain text (8.5 MB)</a></p> <p><a href="sample-data/cab-thesaurus-sample-a.csv" style="color:Gray; font-family: Arial; font-size:14px;" target="_blank">Comma-delimited text (11.2 MB)</a></p> <p><a href="sample-data/cab-thesaurus-sample-a.xml" style="color:Gray; font-family: Arial; font-size:14px;" target="_blank">XML (10.1 MB)</a></p> <p><a href="sample-data/cab-thesaurus-sample-a-skos.txt" style="color:Gray; font-family: Arial; font-size:14px;" target="_blank">SKOS/RDF (11.4 MB)</a></p> <br /> <p>Verbose field labels are used in all these files making their contents self-explanatory. For further information please email <a href="mailto:thesaurus@cabi.org" style="border:0px; text-decoration:underline; font-size:12px;"><em>thesaurus@cabi.org</em></a>.</p> </div> <div id="CoverageDataBody" style="display: block; margin:10px; height: 640px; overflow: auto;"> <h2>Coverage of the CABI Thesaurus</h2> <p>1. GENERAL</p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">common terms - general processes, properties and characteristics<br /> named regions and countries<br /> research and methodology<br /> mathematics, statistics and computer science<br /> communication and information</p> <p>2. PHYSICAL SCIENCES</p> <p style="margin-left:20px;"> physics<br /> chemistry</p> <p>3. EARTH SCIENCES</p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">geology<br /> geomorphology<br /> soil science<br /> hydrology<br /> meteorology and climatology</p> <p>4. LIFE SCIENCES</p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">biology</p> <p style="margin-left: 40px;">microbiology<br /> botany<br /> zoology<br /> cytology<br /> embryology<br /> molecular biology<br /> biochemistry<br /> physiology<br /> genetics<br /> biological structure and form<br /> taxonomy</p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">ecology<br />behaviour and psychology<br />organisms</p> <p>5. APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY</p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">health and pathology</p> <p style="margin-left: 40px;">diseases<br /> pathogenesis and epidemiology<br /> health and health protection<br /> pharmacology and toxicology</p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">applied human and animal nutrition<br />applied genetics and breeding<br />agriculture, forestry and fishery<br />environment and natural resource management<br />technology and engineering</p> <p style="margin-left: 40px;">materials and equipment<br /> materials handling and processing<br /> transport<br /> energy and power</p> <p style="margin-left:20px;">food science</p> <p>6. 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