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</nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-质子化和去质子化的速率" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#质子化和去质子化的速率"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>质子化和去质子化的速率</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-质子化和去质子化的速率-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-可逆性与催化剂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#可逆性与催化剂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>可逆性与催化剂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-可逆性与催化剂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">质子化</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。29种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonering" title="Protonering – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Protonering" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="إضافة بروتون – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إضافة بروتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonacija" title="Protonacija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Protonacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonaci%C3%B3" title="Protonació – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protonació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonace" title="Protonace – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Protonace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonisering" title="Protonisering – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Protonisering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonierung" title="Protonierung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Protonierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Πρωτονίωση – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωτονίωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonation" title="Protonation – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Protonation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonaci%C3%B3n" title="Protonación – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Protonación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoneerimine" title="Protoneerimine – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Protoneerimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%87%DB%8C" title="پروتون‌دهی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروتون‌دهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonation" title="Protonation – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Protonation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonaci%C3%B3n" title="Protonación – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Protonación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="פרוטונציה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרוטונציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonasi" title="Protonasi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Protonasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonazione" title="Protonazione – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Protonazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E5%8C%96" title="プロトン化 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロトン化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პროტონაცია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პროტონაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90%ED%99%94" title="양성자화 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="양성자화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Протонација – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Протонација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonering" title="Protonering – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Protonering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protona%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Protonação – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Protonação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonare" title="Protonare – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Protonare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonation" title="Protonation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Protonation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoniz%C3%A1cia" title="Protonizácia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Protonizácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonacija" title="Protonacija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Protonacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonlanma" title="Protonlanma – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Protonlanma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Протонування – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Протонування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q899488#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>没有列出任何<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">参考或来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2010年9月9日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>維基百科所有的內容都應該<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a>。请协助補充<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="化学">化学</a>中，<b>质子化</b>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a>获得<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>（H<sup>+</sup>）的过程。简单的可以理解为和质子化合，即结合一个质子，一般都是该物质有孤对电子，所以可以通过配位键结合一个质子。如H<sub>2</sub>O变成H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>，NH<sub>3</sub>变成NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>等等。质子化的逆过程是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96" title="去质子化">去质子化</a>。 </p><p>质子化可能是最基本的化学反应，是很多<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%AE%A1%E9%87%8F" title="化学计量">化学计量</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="催化剂">催化</a>过程中的一步。一些多元离子和原子可以进行多次质子化，例如很多生物<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="高分子">高分子</a>。 </p><p>基底经过质子化後，其中每一种粒子的质量和电荷都增加了一个单位。分子质子化或去质子化後，很多化学性质都发生了改变，不仅限於电荷和质量，如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E6%B0%B4%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="亲水性">亲水性</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8A%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="还原势（页面不存在）">还原势</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外光谱">光学特性</a>等。在特定的分析步骤中，如电喷雾<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E8%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="质谱">质谱</a>，质子化是必需的一步。 </p><p>质子化和去质子化会发生在大多数<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E7%A2%B1%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="酸碱反应">酸碱反应</a>，是大多数酸碱反应理论的核心。<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E7%A2%B1%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="酸碱质子理论">布朗斯特-劳里酸</a>被定义为将另一物质质子化的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="化学物质">化学物质</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="质子化和去质子化的速率"><span id=".E8.B4.A8.E5.AD.90.E5.8C.96.E5.92.8C.E5.8E.BB.E8.B4.A8.E5.AD.90.E5.8C.96.E7.9A.84.E9.80.9F.E7.8E.87"></span>质子化和去质子化的速率</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：质子化和去质子化的速率"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>质子化一般很快，主要是因为质子在水中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%BF%81%E7%A7%BB%E7%8E%87" title="电子迁移率">浓度</a>很高。质子化的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E9%80%9F%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="反应速率">速率</a>与被质子化物质的酸性有关。弱酸的去质子化速率慢於强酸。当质子化引起重要的结构改变时，质子化和去质子化的速率可能会变得特别慢。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="可逆性与催化剂"><span id=".E5.8F.AF.E9.80.86.E6.80.A7.E4.B8.8E.E5.82.AC.E5.8C.96.E5.89.82"></span>可逆性与催化剂</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：可逆性与催化剂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>通常，质子化是可逆的，质子化後的共轭碱基没有改变。但是在一些情况中，质子化导致了异构化。在如催化剂用量的质子化试剂中，顺式<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="烯烃">烯烃</a>可以被转化成反式烯烃。很多酶，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9D%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%B4%E8%A7%A3%E9%85%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丝氨酸水解酶（页面不存在）">丝氨酸水解酶</a>的正常工作的机理涉及到基底的可逆质子化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E8%BB%9B%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BC%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="共軛酸鹼對">共軛酸鹼對</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96" title="去质子化">去质子化</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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