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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Virgin+Media" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merger_and_Virgin_Mobile_acquisition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merger_and_Virgin_Mobile_acquisition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Merger and Virgin Mobile acquisition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger_and_Virgin_Mobile_acquisition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebrand_as_Virgin_Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebrand_as_Virgin_Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Rebrand as Virgin Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebrand_as_Virgin_Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispute_with_Sky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispute_with_Sky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Dispute with Sky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispute_with_Sky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberty_Global_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberty_Global_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Liberty Global ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberty_Global_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merger_with_O2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merger_with_O2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Merger with O2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger_with_O2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Virgin_Broadband" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_Broadband"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Virgin Broadband</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_Broadband-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bandwidth_throttling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bandwidth_throttling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Bandwidth throttling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bandwidth_throttling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usenet_servers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usenet_servers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Usenet servers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usenet_servers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-London_Underground" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London_Underground"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>London Underground</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London_Underground-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgin_Media_Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_Media_Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Virgin Media Business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_Media_Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgin_Phone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_Phone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Virgin Phone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_Phone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgin_TV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_TV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Virgin TV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_TV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Former operations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Former_operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Former operations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Former_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Virgin_Mobile_(1999–2023)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_Mobile_(1999–2023)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Virgin Mobile (1999–2023)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_Mobile_(1999–2023)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgin_Media_Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_Media_Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Virgin Media Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_Media_Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sit-up" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sit-up"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sit-up</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sit-up-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgin_Media_Pioneers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_Media_Pioneers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Virgin Media Pioneers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_Media_Pioneers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UKTV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UKTV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>UKTV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UKTV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Corporate affairs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Corporate affairs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market_share" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_share"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Market share</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market_share-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advertising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Advertising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Net_neutrality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Net_neutrality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Net neutrality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Net_neutrality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crackdown_on_illegal_filesharing_of_copyrighted_material" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crackdown_on_illegal_filesharing_of_copyrighted_material"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Crackdown on illegal filesharing of copyrighted material</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crackdown_on_illegal_filesharing_of_copyrighted_material-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charging_exit_fees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charging_exit_fees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Charging exit fees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charging_exit_fees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_pimping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_pimping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Data pimping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_pimping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wikipedia_censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wikipedia_censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Wikipedia censorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wikipedia_censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Security issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Security_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Security issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Security_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-10-month_exposure_to_data_theft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10-month_exposure_to_data_theft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>10-month exposure to data theft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10-month_exposure_to_data_theft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Virgin Media</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AF" title="فيرجن ميديا ليمتد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيرجن ميديا ليمتد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ویرجین مدیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویرجین مدیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ویرجین مدیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویرجین مدیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%84%EC%A7%84_%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4" title="버진 미디어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="버진 미디어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="ヴァージン・メディア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァージン・メディア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Virgin Media" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%8F%8D%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="維珍媒體 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="維珍媒體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1199764#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British television and telecommunications company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the UK subsidiary of Virgin Media O2. For the Irish company also known as Virgin Media, see <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Ireland" title="Virgin Media Ireland">Virgin Media Ireland</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Virgin Media Limited</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_Media.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Virgin_Media.svg/220px-Virgin_Media.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Virgin_Media.svg/330px-Virgin_Media.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Virgin_Media.svg/440px-Virgin_Media.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="111" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessors</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTL_Incorporated" title="NTL Incorporated">NTL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Telewest" title="Telewest">Telewest</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">8 February 2007<span class="noprint">; 17 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2007-02-08</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-10k_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a>, England<sup id="cite_ref-10k_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-10k_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Malone" title="John C. Malone">John C. Malone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>)</li> <li>Lutz Schüler (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">broadband internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landline" title="Landline">fixed-line telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile telephony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>4.100 billion (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-10k_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £0.699 billion (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-10k_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £2.852 billion (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-10k_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £10.504 billion (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-10k_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14,004 (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-10k_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Business" title="Virgin Media Business">Virgin Media Business</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virginmedia.com/">www<wbr />.virginmedia<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199764#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Virgin Media Limited</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a> company from Britain, founded in 2007, which provides <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">internet</a> services in the United Kingdom. Its headquarters are at Green Park in <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a>, England. It is owned by <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a>, a 50:50 joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Global" title="Liberty Global">Liberty Global</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Telefónica</a>. </p><p>Virgin Media owns and operates its own <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_fiber-coaxial" title="Hybrid fiber-coaxial">Hybrid fibre-coaxial (HFC)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiber_to_the_x" title="Fiber to the x">Fibre to the Premises (FTTP)</a> networks in the United Kingdom. Although most of the network is urban focused, the new joint venture, <a href="/wiki/Nexfibre" title="Nexfibre">Nexfibre</a> (a 50:50 joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infravia_Capital_Partners" title="Infravia Capital Partners">Infravia Capital Partners</a>) is expanding the network to more areas which never had access to the Virgin Media network before. As of Q2 2023, it had a total of approximately 5.8 million customers. Since the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Smallworld_Cable" title="Smallworld Cable">Smallworld Cable</a> in 2014, Virgin Media is the main cable provider in the UK, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/WightFibre" title="WightFibre">WightFibre</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and covers 51% of UK households.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin Media competes primarily in broadband with <a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky</a>, <a href="/wiki/BT_Consumer" title="BT Consumer">BT</a> (<a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a>) and <a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Telewest" title="Telewest">Telewest</a> and <a href="/wiki/NTL_Incorporated" title="NTL Incorporated">NTL Incorporated</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_cable_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Timeline of cable television in the United Kingdom">Timeline of cable television in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>The company's origins lie in both <a href="/wiki/Telewest" title="Telewest">Telewest</a> and <a href="/wiki/NTL_Incorporated" title="NTL Incorporated">NTL</a>, which merged in March 2006. </p><p>Telewest began in 1984 in Croydon under the name "Croydon Cable",<sup id="cite_ref-history_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was acquired by United Cable of Denver in 1988. The company expanded during the 1990s and adopted the Telewest name in 1992 following the merger of its then-parent <a href="/wiki/Tele-Communications_Inc." title="Tele-Communications Inc.">TCI</a> and <a href="/wiki/US_West" title="US West">US West</a>. It expanded into cable television access in 1999 by purchasing the remaining 50% stake in Cable London, one of the first cable TV companies in the UK, from NTL, adding 400,000 homes in north London.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2000 Telewest merged with <a href="/wiki/Living_TV_Group" title="Living TV Group">Flextech</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in November extended its cable network with the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Eurobell" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurobell">Eurobell</a>, taking the total number of homes past 4.9 million.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NTL was established by <a href="/wiki/Barclay_Knapp" title="Barclay Knapp">Barclay Knapp</a> and George Blumenthal in 1993 as "International CableTel", taking advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">deregulation</a> of the UK cable market.<sup id="cite_ref-history_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, Cabletel acquired local cable franchises covering <a href="/wiki/Guildford" title="Guildford">Guildford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Central_Belt" title="Central Belt">Central Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Wales" title="South Wales">South Wales</a>. In 1996, CableTel acquired National Transcommunications Limited (NTL), the <a href="/wiki/Privatised" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatised">privatised</a> UK <a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">Independent Broadcasting Authority</a> transmission network.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998 CableTel adopted "NTL" as its new name. </p><p>NTL purchased the ISP <a href="/wiki/Virgin.net" title="Virgin.net">Virgin.net</a> in 2004, having originally operated it as a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin Group</a> since it launched in November 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Virgin.net_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Virgin.net-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It sold <a href="/wiki/ADSL" title="ADSL">ADSL</a> broadband services through <a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT</a> <a href="/wiki/Landline" title="Landline">landlines</a> to those living outside areas served by NTL's cable network and also offered subscription-based and subscription-free <a href="/wiki/Dial-up" class="mw-redirect" title="Dial-up">dial-up</a> Internet access. Prior to acquiring Virgin.net, NTL offered a similar package called <i>NTL Freedom</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger_and_Virgin_Mobile_acquisition">Merger and Virgin Mobile acquisition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Merger and Virgin Mobile acquisition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Telewest and NTL began discussions about a merger in late 2003. Thanks to their geographically distinct areas, NTL and Telewest had co-operated previously, as in redirecting potential customers living outside their respective areas. On 3 October 2005, NTL announced a US$16 billion purchase of Telewest, to form one of the largest media companies in the UK. The merger agreement as structured would have required NTL to negotiate with <a href="/wiki/BBC_Worldwide" title="BBC Worldwide">BBC Worldwide</a> (the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s commercial arm) due to a change-of-ownership clause written into the agreement for <a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a>, a joint venture with Telewest's Flextech content division. To prevent this, Telewest instead acquired NTL. </p><p>In December 2005 NTL:Telewest and mobile virtual network operator (<a href="/wiki/MVNO" class="mw-redirect" title="MVNO">MVNO</a>) <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mobile UK">Virgin Mobile UK</a> announced that talks had taken place regarding a merger.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin Mobile's independent directors rejected the original bid of £817 million ($1.4 billion), taking the view that NTL's bid "undervalued the business". Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a> reportedly expressed confidence that a restructured deal could go ahead, and in January 2006 NTL increased its offer to £961 million (372p per share). On 4 April 2006, NTL announced a £962.4 million recommended offer for Virgin Mobile.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to reports, Branson accepted a mix of shares and cash, making him a 10.7% shareholder of the combined company. </p><p>NTL and Telewest formally completed their merger on 3 March 2006, making the merged company the UK's largest cable provider, with more than 90% of the market. The combined company renamed itself NTL Incorporated, with ex-NTL shareholders controlling 75% of the stock and ex-Telewest shareholders 25%. Nine of the 11 directors of the new board came from NTL, with two from Telewest.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NTL:Telewest's takeover of Virgin Mobile completed on 4 July 2006, creating the UK's first '<a href="/wiki/Quadruple_play" title="Quadruple play">quadruple play</a>' media company, offering television, internet, mobile phone and fixed-line telephone services. The deal included a 30-year exclusive branding agreement <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that saw NTL adopt the "Virgin" name after it completed its merger with Telewest. NTL:Telewest announced on 8 November 2006 it would change its name to "Virgin Media Inc".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 November 2006, NTL announced it had approached the commercial television broadcaster <a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a> about a proposed merger,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a similar announcement by ITV.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sky_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky plc">BSkyB</a> effectively blocked the merger on 17 November 2006 by controversially buying a 17.9% stake in ITV plc,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a move that attracted anger from NTL shareholder <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an investigation from media and telecoms regulator <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 December 2006 NTL announced that it had complained to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Fair_Trading" title="Office of Fair Trading">Office of Fair Trading</a> about BSkyB's move, and would withdraw its attempt to buy ITV plc, stating it did not believe it could make a deal on favourable terms.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebrand_as_Virgin_Media">Rebrand as Virgin Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rebrand as Virgin Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_Media_Offices,_Nottingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_948697.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Virgin_Media_Offices%2C_Nottingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_948697.jpg/220px-Virgin_Media_Offices%2C_Nottingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_948697.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Virgin_Media_Offices%2C_Nottingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_948697.jpg/330px-Virgin_Media_Offices%2C_Nottingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_948697.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Virgin_Media_Offices%2C_Nottingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_948697.jpg/440px-Virgin_Media_Offices%2C_Nottingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_948697.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Virgin Media's offices in <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In November 2006, the company signed a deal with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Sir Richard Branson</a> to license the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin</a> brand for the combined business. NTL Group's services – previously marketed under the <i>NTL</i>, <i>Telewest</i> and <i>Virgin.net</i> brands were merged with <i>Virgin Mobile</i> under the "Virgin Media" brand on 8 February 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> referred to by Virgin as <i>V Day</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Launch_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Launch-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin.net was integrated into the new brand as Virgin Media Beyond Cable (later Virgin Media National). </p><p>In February 2007, Virgin Central, an on-demand service, gained the rights to begin showing episodes of the television show <i><a href="/wiki/Lost_(2004_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost (2004 TV series)">Lost</a></i> (already shown on Sky 1), and other shows including <i><a href="/wiki/Alias_(TV_series)" title="Alias (TV series)">Alias</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_OC" class="mw-redirect" title="The OC">The OC</a></i>. This service extended the on-demand service previously known as <i>Teleport TV</i>. Teleport TV was renamed TV Choice offering recently broadcast shows and other shows and series.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dispute_with_Sky">Dispute with Sky</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dispute with Sky"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A channel agreement for Virgin Media to keep non-premium <a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky</a> channels ended on 1 March 2007. Virgin Media and Sky failed to reach agreement on the issue, and Sky reacted by posting a letter to the public in major UK newspapers on 28 February 2007.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Despite Sky's letter, Virgin Media blamed Sky for tyrannizing them and inciting consumers to switch. The companies failed to resolve their differences, and subsequently after midnight on 1 March 2007, Virgin Media replaced the <a href="/wiki/Sky_One" title="Sky One">Sky1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_Replay" title="Sky Replay">Sky2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_Travel" title="Sky Travel">Sky Travel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_Real_Lives" title="Sky Real Lives">Sky Travel Extra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_News" title="Sky Sports News">Sky Sports News</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> channel content with a standard message. Sky attributed part of the rate rise to the fact that the new deal would also include <a href="/wiki/Sky_Mix" title="Sky Mix">Sky3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts</a> and undisclosed <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high definition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">video on demand</a> content. Sky said the deal would cost only 3p per customer per day (roughly £35,000,000 per year), but Virgin said that a minimum payment guarantee included in the contract meant that the actual amount due would exceed twice the payment.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The EPG name for Sky News was replaced with <b>Old Sky Snooze</b>. </p><p>On 2 March 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Futures" title="Consumer Futures">National Consumer Council</a> accused Sky and Virgin of "behaving like children" and stated that it would consider whether or not to raise a super-complaint against them "that will help to knock heads together" by the end of that month.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then on 5 March 2007, Virgin Media threatened to take legal action against BSkyB if the matter remained unresolved in 30<span class="nowrap"> </span>days.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 April 2007, Virgin Media filed a legal case in the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court</a> against BSkyB under the UK <a href="/wiki/Competition_Act_1998" title="Competition Act 1998">Competition Act 1998</a> and Article 82 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">EC Treaty</a>. BSkyB claimed that Virgin Media made little effort to further arbitration.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 May 2008, it was reported that Virgin Media and Sky had held talks to resolve the dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 November 2008, it was announced that an agreement had been struck for Sky's Basic channels – including Sky1, Sky2, Sky3, Sky News, Sky Sports News, <a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts#Sky_Arts_2" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_Real_Lives" title="Sky Real Lives">Sky Real Lives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sky_Real_Lives" title="Sky Real Lives">Sky Real Lives 2</a> to return to Virgin Media from 13 November 2008 until 12 June 2011. In exchange, Sky would provide continued carriage of <a href="/wiki/Living_TV_Group" title="Living TV Group">Virgin Media Television</a>'s channels – <a href="/wiki/Sky_Witness" title="Sky Witness">Living</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Lives_(TV_channel)" title="Real Lives (TV channel)">Livingit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bravo_(British_TV_channel)" title="Bravo (British TV channel)">Bravo</a>, Bravo +1, <a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackpot247" title="Jackpot247">Challenge Jackpot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Channel_One_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Channel One (British and Irish TV channel)">Virgin1</a> for the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of £30<span class="nowrap"> </span>million for the channels with both channel suppliers able to secure additional capped payments if their channels meet certain performance-related targets. As part of the agreements, both Sky and Virgin Media agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 August 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)">Advertising Standards Authority</a> upheld claims made by Virgin Media in its marketing, despite a complaint from Sky. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberty_Global_ownership">Liberty Global ownership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Liberty Global ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 2013, the company was listed on the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ Stock Market</a> and the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10k_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 February 2013, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Global" title="Liberty Global">Liberty Global</a> announced that they had agreed to buy Virgin Media for approximately US$23.3 billion (£15 billion) in a stock and cash merger.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 April, EU regulatory approval for the deal was granted, the final hurdle in the acquisition.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 June, shareholders approved the acquisition<sup id="cite_ref-Hollywood_Reporter_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the deal was completed on 7 June.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 February 2014, Virgin Media acquired <a href="/wiki/Smallworld_Cable" title="Smallworld Cable">Smallworld Fibre</a>, a cable provider based in North West England and Western Scotland, for an undisclosed fee.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smallworld's network was merged into Virgin Media's during 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2014, Virgin Media reached an agreement to sell its ADSL business to <a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk Group</a>, allowing Virgin to focus on its cable broadband offering.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin began transferring customers to TalkTalk in February 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 July 2018, it was announced that Virgin Media would stop broadcasting all of the UKTV channels from 22 July 2018 over fees<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an issue with Virgin's on-demand broadcasting rights.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The companies were not able to agree terms to allow the ten channels and their +1 and HD offshoots to continue to be available on the platform<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the channels stopped being available at just after midnight on 22 July 2018<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Virgin replacing the UKTV channels on their service with other networks.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to a backlash by customers with some threatening to leave.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dispute finally ended after three weeks on 11 August 2018 after Virgin Media and UKTV reached an agreement. Virgin Media gradually restored all 10 UKTV channels with their +1 and HD Simulcast channels along with now added simulcast GOLD HD and the reinstalled UKTV Play app. The app now features five times the amount of more on-demand content now available. All UKTV Channels and UKTV app were all completely restored to Virgin Media platforms by 15 August 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger_with_O2">Merger with O2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Merger with O2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a></div> <p>On 7 May 2020, Liberty Global reached an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Telefónica</a> to merge their UK businesses, Virgin Media and <a href="/wiki/O2_(UK)" title="O2 (UK)">O2</a>, in a deal worth £31bn, subject to regulatory approval by the <a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority" title="Competition and Markets Authority">Competition and Markets Authority</a>. The CMA approved the merger on 19 May 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the merger was completed on 1 June 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This created one of the UK's largest entertainment and telecommunications companies, to rival <a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting company is called VMED O2 UK Limited, operating as <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_Broadband">Virgin Broadband</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Virgin Broadband"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The broadband division combines NTL's cable-broadband operations (<a href="/wiki/Broadband_Internet_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadband Internet access">broadband Internet access</a> connections through <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a>), <b>Blueyonder</b> (Telewest's cable-broadband operations) and <b>Virgin.net</b> (<a href="/wiki/ADSL" title="ADSL">ADSL</a>, broadband Internet access through a non-cable telephone line). </p><p>Virgin Broadband in cabled areas is marketed as "fibre optic broadband". It is a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_fiber-coaxial" title="Hybrid fiber-coaxial">Hybrid fibre-coaxial</a> network, where fibre optic trunk lines are used to connect the area's <a href="/wiki/Cable_television_headend" title="Cable television headend">headend</a> to cabinets on the street.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In July 2009 and 2010, Virgin Media Broadband came first in an <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> broadband speed test in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ofcom tested typical speeds of broadband services provided by most ISPs in the UK, including BSkyB, BT, Tiscali, AOL, TalkTalk, Plusnet, O2 and Orange. Since most broadband connections in the UK are provided by ADSL, and the quality of individual phone lines varies according to distance from exchange,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most landline broadband services are marketed as being the maximum speed that the individual's phone line will support, "up to 8 mb". As a result, actual speeds obtained vary greatly, but are always constrained by the individual phone line – the quality of which is out of the control of the broadband provider. Cable broadband has no such speed variability caused by connection quality as the network is fully owned and controlled by the cable company providing the broadband – any slowdowns are wholly as a result of traffic shaping, or local capacity being over-sold or over-subscribed. For this reason, the results showed that Virgin Media's broadband speed was closer to (although still not 100% of) the "up to" figures it advertised, compared to the other providers tested. While landline broadband providers offered rates of "up to" 24 <a href="/wiki/Data-rate_units#Megabit_per_second" title="Data-rate units">Mbit/s</a>, the launch of a Virgin's 50 Mbit/s service on 15 December 2008 was advertised as "the UK's Fastest Broadband."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 October 2009, Virgin Media began trials to deliver its TV and broadband services at up to 50 Mbit/s <a href="/wiki/Downstream_(networking)" title="Downstream (networking)">downstream</a> via a <a href="/wiki/Very_high_speed_digital_subscriber_line_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Very high speed digital subscriber line 2">VDSL2</a> line to a roadside cabinet. The cabinets were linked to Virgin Media backhaul via new fibre laid by Vtesse Networks through BT's local exchange, 5 km away.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as broadband, Virgin Media offered its full range of TV services, including high definition and on demand, over the new infrastructure. </p><p>On 11 March 2010, Virgin Media announced a six-month trial using <a href="/wiki/Utility_pole" title="Utility pole">telephone poles</a> to deliver 50 Mbit/s broadband and TV services to the <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> village of <a href="/wiki/Woolhampton" title="Woolhampton">Woolhampton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin Media identified more than one million homes in parts of the UK that could benefit from deployment over telephone poles, without the need for government subsidy. During July the trial was extended to existing commercial infrastructure in the Welsh village of <a href="/wiki/Crumlin,_Caerphilly" title="Crumlin, Caerphilly">Crumlin</a>, Caerphilly.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 October 2010, Ofcom ordered BT to open up its fibre-optic network to competing broadband providers to help drive forward the rollout of high-speed internet services in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ofcom further ordered BT to free up access to network infrastructure – including all telephone poles and underground ducts – for the rollout of broadband to areas BT does not plan to reach. Virgin Media confirmed plans to expand its broadband network in the UK by using the infrastructure owned by BT.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By using the approach, the company hoped to expand its network to reach as many as 16 million of the UK's 26m homes. </p><p>On 27 October 2010, Virgin Media announced its 100 Mbit/s downstream broadband service, featuring 10 Mbit/s upstream rates, which went on sale on 8 December 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early service areas were parts of London, the South East and Yorkshire.<sup id="cite_ref-100mb_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100mb-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the faster upstream rates specifically, it expects the uptake in <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> services will also see an increase. The roll-out was expected to be complete by mid-2012.<sup id="cite_ref-100mb_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100mb-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 January 2012, Virgin Media announced plans to double the speeds of selected broadband packages; its 10 Mbit/s package increased to 20 Mbit/s, 20 Mbit/s and 30Mbit/s to 60 Mbit/s, 50 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s, and its 100 Mbit/s package to 120 Mbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The roll-out is expected to begin in February 2012 and be completed by mid-2013, at a cost of £110m. Since the announcement, Virgin Media has confirmed that it now plans to also upgrade 50 Mbit/s customers to 120 Mbit/s at no extra cost, in effect cutting the monthly fee for existing 100 Mbit/s customers.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 November 2013, Virgin Media announced its 152 Mbit/s downstream broadband service, featuring 12 Mbit/s upstream rates, which started rolling out to customers from 28 February 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company also upgraded existing customers, from 30 Mbit/s to 50 Mbit/s, 60 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s, and 120 Mbit/s to the new 152 Mbit/s service. The rollout completed in early 2015.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In February 2015, Virgin Media announced its biggest investment in broadband infrastructure in over a decade. Set to invest £3bn in improving its fibre optic broadband network, Virgin Media will be increasing the network's reach from 13 million to 17 million homes.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 September 2015, Virgin Media announced its broadband packages would be rebranded as Vivid.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company will upgrade existing customers from 50 Mbit/s to 70 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s to 150 Mbit/s and 152 Mbit/s to 200 Mbit/s. The speed upgrade will be rolled out to 90% of customers by the end of 2015. </p><p>On 22 March 2017, Virgin Media made ultrafast speeds standard with new bundles.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 100 Mbit/s entry level rising to top speed of 300 Mbit/s. On 29 April 2019, Virgin Media unveiled a new bundle with a download speed of 500 Mbit/s; due to Virgin Media's practice of over-provisioning, this bundle can expect average speeds of 516 Mbit/s and a max of 575 Mbit/s. </p><p>On 30 September 2019, Virgin Media announced their new Gig1 package rollout,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> providing download speeds up to 1,140 Mbit/s (over 1 Gbit/s) and upload speeds up to 52 Mbit/s, starting in <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, which has subsequently rolled out to selected major cities and their surrounding areas across the UK including <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is being provided through upgrades to downstream to DOCSIS 3.1, with upload speeds still limited to DOCSIS 3.0 upstream infrastructure. They aim to finish the rollout across the entire Virgin Media network by the end of 2021. </p><p>On 29 June 2020, Virgin Media announced that customers on their "Ultimate Oomph" broadband, TV and phone package would receive a free speed boost from their M500 package to their new M600 package,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replacing 516 Mbit/s download and 36 Mbit/s upload with 636 Mbit/s download and 41 Mbit/s upload. The free upgrades were completed for all customers by 31 March 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> M600 is only available through the Ultimate Oomph package bundle.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Advertised Broadband Packages (Mbit/s)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Average download speed </th> <th>Min. guaranteed download speed</th> <th>Average upload speed </th></tr> <tr> <td>M50</td> <td>54 </td> <td>27</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>M125</td> <td>132 </td> <td>66</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>M250</td> <td>264 </td> <td>132</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>M350</td> <td>362 </td> <td>181</td> <td>36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>M500</td> <td>516 </td> <td>258</td> <td>52 </td></tr> <tr> <td>M600<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Only_available_on_Virgin_Media's_Ultimate_Oomph_package._Not_available_as_broadband_only."><b><a href="#ref_Only_available_on_Virgin_Media's_Ultimate_Oomph_package._Not_available_as_broadband_only.">^</a></b></span></td> <td>636 </td> <td>315</td> <td>41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gig1 Fibre</td> <td>1130 </td> <td>565</td> <td>104 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bandwidth_throttling">Bandwidth throttling</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bandwidth throttling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgin Media maintain on their consumer website that they do not throttle users' download or upload bandwidth.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Virgin Media did originally employ a form of <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_throttling" title="Bandwidth throttling">bandwidth throttling</a> whereby customer bandwidth was reduced temporarily after a threshold was reached during peak periods. The company experimented with and revised all parameters involved in the throttling, such as threshold size, peak period definitions, throttling percentage and duration. Separate thresholds were applied to upstream and downstream, and thresholds varied between packages. </p><p>In 2013, Virgin Media changed their traffic management policy to the detriment of their customers.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The policy stated a maximum throttling amount of 40% on most services, however users reported being throttled by as much as 54%.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin Media's advertisements regarding their "unlimited" broadband services, and their controversial traffic management were investigated by the Advertising Standards Authority, after having previous advertisements banned.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 28 February 2014, Virgin Media announced that they were scrapping traffic management for downstream traffic on 30 Mbit/s or higher packages. As a result of this, 30 Mbit/s or higher packages were only throttled on the upstream, where as 20 Mbit/s or below packages were throttled on both the upstream and the downstream.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometime after this Virgin Media changed their policy again due to further feedback from customers, and they now state on their website that no matter what broadband package users have taken, they will not be subject to any bandwidth throttling.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Usenet_servers">Usenet servers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Usenet servers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgin Media customers may use Usenet servers (<a href="/wiki/NNTP" class="mw-redirect" title="NNTP">NNTP</a>) with the address "news.virginmedia.com". These servers are outsourced to the <a href="/wiki/Highwinds_Network_Group" title="Highwinds Network Group">Highwinds Network Group</a> and are physically based in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands. Virgin Media also hosts another operational Usenet server previously known as "text.news.ntlworld.com", now "text.news.virginmedia.com", which again has certain restrictions and limits article size to 50 kb. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="London_Underground">London Underground</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: London Underground"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2012, Virgin Media won an exclusive contract to provide Wi-Fi access to <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> platforms until 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company announced mobile internet at 80 stations by July 2012 and a further 40 stations by the end of 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The service, which gives access to mobile internet via a <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_London" title="Transport for London">TfL</a> portal offering travel, news and entertainment bulletins, will remain free for Virgin Media customers, along with customers of partnered companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_UK" title="Vodafone UK">Vodafone</a> and <a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a>. Other users will only be able to access a limited amount of free content on the TfL portal, with full mobile internet services offered on a pay-as-you-go basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_Media_Business">Virgin Media Business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Virgin Media Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Business" title="Virgin Media Business">Virgin Media Business</a></div> <p>On 11 February 2010, ntl:Telewest Business was rebranded as <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Business" title="Virgin Media Business">Virgin Media Business</a>, marking the end of the NTL and Telewest brand being used by the company.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company provides dedicated internet and telecommunications services to businesses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_Phone">Virgin Phone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Virgin Phone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgin Phone offers landline telephone services; it ranks as the number two service behind the former UK state monopoly, <a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 April 2010, Virgin Media began to offer free home phone to mobile calls.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin Phone customers are able to call Virgin Mobile customers at no charge, within the Talk Plan specified periods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_TV">Virgin TV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Virgin TV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin TV</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin TV</a>, the digital cable television service from Virgin Media, currently<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> ranks as the UK's second largest pay TV service, having 3.6m subscribers, compared to BSkyB's 8.2m as of Q3 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Ofcom_Update_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ofcom_Update-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> 55% of UK households potentially have access to Virgin's network,<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while anyone in the UK with a line-of-sight view of the <a href="/wiki/SES_Astra" title="SES Astra">Astra</a> & <a href="/wiki/Eurobird" title="Eurobird">Eurobird</a> satellites at <a href="/wiki/Astra_28.2%C2%B0E" title="Astra 28.2°E">28.2° east</a> has the ability to receive Sky's service. </p><p>Virgin TV ranks as the UK's largest provider of on-demand content, with over 3 million <a href="/wiki/Video_on_Demand" class="mw-redirect" title="Video on Demand">Video on Demand</a> (VoD) customers and as of October 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> over 6,500 hours of programming.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Channels">Channels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgin TV carries around 300 digital television and radio channels, including a mixture of subscription, premium subscription and pay-per-view channels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_operations">Former operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Former operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_Mobile_(1999–2023)"><span id="Virgin_Mobile_.281999.E2.80.932023.29"></span>Virgin Mobile (1999–2023)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Virgin Mobile (1999–2023)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VMTrowbridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/VMTrowbridge.jpg/170px-VMTrowbridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/VMTrowbridge.jpg/255px-VMTrowbridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/VMTrowbridge.jpg/340px-VMTrowbridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>The former headquarters of Virgin Mobile in Trowbridge, Wiltshire.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_(UK)" title="Virgin Mobile (UK)">Virgin Mobile (UK)</a></div> <p>Virgin Media ran Virgin Mobile Telecoms Limited, a UK-based <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Virtual_Network_Operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile Virtual Network Operator">Mobile Virtual Network Operator</a> (MVNO) from November 1999 using the <a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_UK" title="T-Mobile UK">one2one</a> (later T-Mobile and <a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a>) network, after the merger between Virgin Media and <a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Telefónica</a> it was later announced that Virgin Mobile would close and customers be moved to the <a href="/wiki/O2_(UK)" title="O2 (UK)">O2</a> network. This was completed in August 2023 and Virgin Mobile ceased operations on 31 August 2023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_Media_Television">Virgin Media Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Virgin Media Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Living_TV_Group" title="Living TV Group">Living TV Group</a></div> <p>Virgin Media Television (formerly Flextech) was the content subsidiary of Virgin Media, and operated a number of wholly owned channels including <a href="/wiki/Bravo_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bravo (UK)">Bravo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Living_(channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Living (channel)">LIVING</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trouble_(TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trouble (TV)">Trouble</a> and <a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a>. It launched <a href="/wiki/Virgin1" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin1">Virgin1</a> on Freeview and cable on 1 October 2007, replacing <a href="/wiki/Ftn_(TV_channel)" title="Ftn (TV channel)">Ftn</a> on Freeview.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 June 2010, Virgin Media announced that they had reached an agreement to sell Virgin Media Television to BSkyB, subject to regulatory approval.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acquisition expanded Sky's portfolio of basic pay TV channels and eliminated the carriage fees it previously paid for distributing VMtv channels on its TV services. In parallel, the companies reached a number of agreements providing for the carriage of certain Sky standard and high-definition (HD) channels, including securing new carriage agreements for wholesale distribution of Sky's basic channel line-up, including <a href="/wiki/Sky_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky 1">Sky 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts</a>, and the newly acquired VMtv channels, on Virgin Media's cable TV service. </p><p>On 29 June 2010, the Irish <a href="/wiki/Competition_Authority_(Ireland)" title="Competition Authority (Ireland)">Competition Authority</a> cleared the proposed transaction.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BSkyB and Virgin Media announced the completion of the acquisition on 13 July 2010, following Irish regulatory approval.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VMtv was then renamed the <a href="/wiki/Living_TV_Group" title="Living TV Group">Living TV Group</a>. In completing the acquisition, Sky paid Virgin Media an initial £105 million with up to an additional £55 million to be paid upon UK regulatory clearance. </p><p>On 20 July 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Fair_Trading" title="Office of Fair Trading">Office of Fair Trading</a> (OFT) announced they would review BSkyB's acquisition of Virgin Media Television to judge whether it posed any competition concerns in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 September 2010, the OFT decided not to refer BSkyB's takeover of Virgin Media's TV channels to the <a href="/wiki/Competition_Commission" title="Competition Commission">Competition Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virgin1 was also a part of the deal but was rebranded as Channel One on 3 September 2010, as the Virgin name was not licensed to Sky.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new carriage deals were for up to nine years.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously the carriage deals tended to be struck every three years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sit-up">Sit-up</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sit-up"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bid_Shopping" title="Bid Shopping">Bid Shopping</a></div> <p>Virgin Media owned Sit-up Ltd, a UK-based broadcaster of home shopping television channels, as a joint venture from its launch in 2000 and in full from May 2005. It operated the channels <a href="/wiki/Bid_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bid (TV channel)">Bid TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Price_Drop" title="Price Drop">Price Drop TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bid_Plus" title="Bid Plus">Speed Auction TV</a>, shown on digital satellite, cable, and terrestrial television and the internet. </p><p>On 1 April 2009, Virgin Media confirmed it had sold Sit-up to Aurelius AG for an unspecified amount.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_Media_Pioneers">Virgin Media Pioneers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Virgin Media Pioneers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Virgin Media Pioneers</b> was an <a href="/wiki/Online_community" title="Online community">online community</a> for British entrepreneurs, providing tips, advice and networking. Founded in 2010, the company was an initiative of Virgin Media. </p><p>In 2011 Virgin Media Pioneers launched the Control Shift Campaign<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which polled over 1,600 young aspiring entrepreneurs on changes the government could make to help them create new businesses. The campaign resulted in the introduction of a £10 million Youth Enterprise Loan.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UKTV">UKTV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: UKTV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a> is a digital cable and satellite television network, formed through a joint venture between <a href="/wiki/BBC_Worldwide" title="BBC Worldwide">BBC Worldwide</a>, a commercial subsidiary of the BBC, and Virgin Media. It is one of the United Kingdom's largest television companies.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UKTV's channels are available via satellite and cable in the UK and Ireland. In the UK, on digital terrestrial television, <a href="/wiki/Yesterday_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesterday (TV channel)">Yesterday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dave_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave (TV channel)">Dave</a> are available on the Freeview platform. <a href="/wiki/W_(UK_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="W (UK TV channel)">W</a> (formerly Watch) is the flagship channel operated by the network; it is a general entertainment channel that launched on 7 October 2008. </p><p>On 15 August 2011, Virgin Media agreed to sell its 50% stake in UKTV to <a href="/wiki/Scripps_Networks_Interactive" title="Scripps Networks Interactive">Scripps Networks Interactive</a> in a deal worth £339m. Scripps paid £239m in cash, and about £100m to acquire the outstanding preferred stock and debt owed by UKTV to Virgin Media.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Completion of the transaction was contingent on regulatory approvals in Ireland and Jersey, which was received on 3 October 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Related to the transaction, Scripps Networks Interactive and BBC Worldwide are negotiating an agreement whereby, after completion, BBC Worldwide would have the option, via a combination of cash and a package of digital rights for UKTV, to increase its shareholding from 50% to a maximum of 60%. Scripps Networks Interactive's existing voting rights and board representation would be unaffected by this proposed arrangement, which would be subject to BBC Executive and BBC Trust approvals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ownership">Ownership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the completion of the merger between NTL and Telewest, and the acquisition of Virgin Mobile, the company agreed a 30-year licensing agreement with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Sir Richard Branson</a>'s Virgin Group to use the Virgin brand, with a ten-year opt-out clause. Branson accepted a mix of shares and cash, making him a 10.7% shareholder of the combined company at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-official_faq_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_faq-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2007, Virgin Group hedged 37% of its stake in Virgin Media for $224m through a collared loan agreement with <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a>, a transaction which enabled it to retain the voting and dividend rights. Virgin Group had the option of buying back the 12.8m Virgin Media shares it had mortgaged after two years, but in May 2009 decided against this. The funds were used at the time by Virgin Group to invest in other areas of its business, such as <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Green_Fund" title="Virgin Green Fund">Virgin Green Fund</a>, which was launched in September 2007, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_America" title="Virgin America">Virgin America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mobile India">Virgin Mobile India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December 2009, Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Entertainment Investment Holdings Limited held a minority holding of 21,413,099 Virgin Media common stock,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making him the third largest shareholder. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Global" title="Liberty Global">Liberty Global</a> announced on 5 February 2013 that they had agreed to buy the company for approximately US$23.3 billion (£15 billion) in a stock and cash merger.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shareholders approved the acquisition on 4 June,<sup id="cite_ref-Hollywood_Reporter_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the deal was completed on 7 June.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virgin Media's UK operations are ultimately controlled by a US <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> organisation named Virgin Media (UK) Group Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interested stakeholders cannot confirm who actually owns and controls Virgin Media due to Delaware company law not requiring disclosure of controlling ownership in <a href="/wiki/Annual_report" title="Annual report">annual reports</a> made to the state.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company named Virgin Media (UK) Group LLC was closed and dissolved in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Market_share">Market share</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Market share"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Virgin Media has a 20% share of the broadband market, equal with <a href="/wiki/Sky_Broadband" title="Sky Broadband">Sky Broadband</a>, and behind <a href="/wiki/BT_Total_Broadband" class="mw-redirect" title="BT Total Broadband">BT Total Broadband</a> (on 31%).<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2016, its market share had dropped slightly to 19%, behind BT (32%) and Sky (23%). </p><p>Virgin Television has currently<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> around 3.4 million subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3.2 million of them are digital cable customers, and the other 200,000 are analogue cable customers. Virgin makes up around 15% of the UK's TV distributors, with Freeview having the most, and Sky being second.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advertising">Advertising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Advertising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgin Media launched in February 2007, with a public relations event and expensive advertising campaign covering major UK television channels, newspapers and billboards. Television advertising featured actress <a href="/wiki/Uma_Thurman" title="Uma Thurman">Uma Thurman</a>, comedian <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Wax" title="Ruby Wax">Ruby Wax</a>, and actors <a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Warren" title="Marc Warren">Marc Warren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Tennant" title="David Tennant">David Tennant</a>. </p><p>Virgin Media also sponsored the <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> reality TV show <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Brother (UK)">Big Brother</a></i> in its <a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_8_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Brother 8 (UK)">eighth</a> series in 2007 and its <a href="/wiki/Big_Brother:_Celebrity_Hijack" title="Big Brother: Celebrity Hijack">Celebrity Hijack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_9_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Brother 9 (UK)">ninth</a> series in 2008. </p><p>In October 2010, Virgin Media aired another campaign with a <a href="/wiki/Looney_Tunes" title="Looney Tunes">Looney Tunes</a> character, <a href="/wiki/Speedy_Gonzales" title="Speedy Gonzales">Speedy Gonzales</a>. He also served as a mascot for the company and was plastered everywhere throughout the UK, the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> station, and adverts that features him on the TV during advert breaks of <a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor" title="The X Factor">The X Factor</a> on <a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV</a>, appearing in-game, and throughout the web. </p><p>In 2012, Virgin Media launched a multimillion-pound ad campaign starring <a href="/wiki/Usain_Bolt" title="Usain Bolt">Usain Bolt</a> and Virgin founder Sir Richard Branson to promote Virgin's superfast broadband service. The TV adverts were directed by <a href="/wiki/Seth_Gordon" title="Seth Gordon">Seth Gordon</a> and involved Bolt impersonating Branson.<sup id="cite_ref-Usain_Bolt_mimics_Richard_Branson_in_Virgin_Media_superfast_broadband_ad_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Usain_Bolt_mimics_Richard_Branson_in_Virgin_Media_superfast_broadband_ad-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 June 2016, <a href="/wiki/Southampton_F.C." title="Southampton F.C.">Southampton F.C.</a> announced that Virgin Media would become the club's shirt sponsor on a three-year deal.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Net_neutrality">Net neutrality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Net neutrality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2008, acting Virgin CEO <a href="/wiki/Neil_Berkett" title="Neil Berkett">Neil Berkett</a> sparked controversy when he told <i>Television</i>, a magazine published by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Television_Society" title="Royal Television Society">Royal Television Society</a>, "this <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a> thing is a load of bollocks." According to the journalist, he claimed that any video content provider that refused to pay Virgin Media a premium for faster access would have to get stuck in "bus lanes," having their content delivered to end users at much slower speeds than that of paying content providers.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Widespread criticism of this policy was expressed on the internet, with large internet communities requesting that Virgin customers end their subscriptions and initiate a mass boycott.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Virgin Media, the comments in the article were taken out of context and misinterpreted.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A statement released by the company states: "With Virgin Media rolling out a 50 Mb service later this year, we are uniquely equipped to cope with the demand for new bandwidth-hungry services. We strongly support the principle that the internet should remain a space that is open to all and we have not called for content providers to pay for distribution. However, we recognise that as more customers turn to the web for content, different providers will have different needs and priorities and in the long term, it's legitimate to question how this demand will be managed. We welcome an informed debate on this issue." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crackdown_on_illegal_filesharing_of_copyrighted_material">Crackdown on illegal filesharing of copyrighted material</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Crackdown on illegal filesharing of copyrighted material"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 2 April 2008, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> reported that Virgin Media would be beginning a trial to take action against subscribers who are illegally downloading copyrighted material from internet Peer-to-peer (<a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">P2P</a>) services. Information of offenders would be provided by the <a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a>, and then Virgin Media and the BPI sends a warning letter to the customer.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virgin Media and the BPI denied reports of any agreement or pilot scheme and said they were only in talks on the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, at least one person claimed to have received a letter threatening disconnection.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the UK government backed plans to ban p2p users from the internet, it may soon be overturned by strong condemnation from the European Parliament on the grounds of privacy issues and the importance of internet access.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2008, the BBC reported that 800 Virgin Media customers who the BPI claim are sharing copyrighted files were sent warning letters in envelopes marked "If you don't read this, your broadband connection could be disconnected". At least one recipient of the letter denied any wrongdoing by any authorised user of his broadband connection.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 November 2009, it was revealed that Virgin Media would trial <a href="/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection" title="Deep packet inspection">deep packet inspection</a> technology to measure the level of illegal file sharing on its network.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CView system, provided by <a href="/wiki/Detica" class="mw-redirect" title="Detica">Detica</a>, will look at traffic and identify the peer-to-peer packets. It will then peer inside those packets and try to determine what is licensed and what is unlicensed, based on data provided by the record industry. The trial – which has no scheduled end date – will cover about 40% of Virgin Media's network but those involved will not be informed. Virgin Media emphasised that it is seeking to measure the overall level of illegal file sharing, not to keep records on individual customers. Data on the level of copyright infringement will be aggregated and anonymised. </p><p>On 22 January 2010, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> confirmed that although it had not discussed the matter with Virgin Media, it would "closely monitor" the trial.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Privacy_International" title="Privacy International">Privacy International</a> announced that it would press a criminal complaint with the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a>, because it argued that under the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations (PECR) and the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (RIPA) as well as the European ePrivacy Directive, interception and processing of communications requires either explicit informed consent from all parties or a warrant. </p><p>On 3 May 2012, it was reported that Virgin Media had become the first ISP in the UK to implement a <a href="/wiki/Content-control_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Content-control software">web filter</a> to block access to <a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a>, in compliance with a UK High Court order in April,<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although there continues to be a great number of mirrors, proxies, or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPNs</a>, so this has proved unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-Inquirer_VM_TBP_fail_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inquirer_VM_TBP_fail-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charging_exit_fees">Charging exit fees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Charging exit fees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgin Media charges customers exit fees when they move to a location where they are unable to receive Virgin Media services. Ofcom is investigating Virgin Media for this practice and was due to make a preliminary decision in April 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an update in May 2018, Ofcom reported that it had reasonable grounds to believe that Virgin had contravened one of its General Conditions by: setting and charging customers early termination charges (ETCs) which were too high; requiring customers moving house to an area within Virgin's network to sign up to a new fixed term contract or pay ETCs; and failing to take action to ensure that its conditions and procedures for contract termination did not act as disincentives to its customers against changing provider. Ofcom also found it had reasonable grounds for believing Virgin had contravened another General Condition when it failed to publish on its website clear and up-to-date information about the ETCs payable when fixed term contracts are terminated.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_pimping">Data pimping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Data pimping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 2008, it was announced that the ISP arm of Virgin Media had entered into a contract (along with BT and TalkTalk) with the former <a href="/wiki/Spyware" title="Spyware">spyware</a> company <a href="/wiki/Phorm" title="Phorm">Phorm</a> (responsible under their 121Media guise for the Apropos <a href="/wiki/Rootkit" title="Rootkit">rootkit</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to intercept and analyse their users' click-stream data, and sell the anonymised aggregate information as part of Phorm's OIX advertising service.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice, which has become known as "data pimping", came under intense fire from various internet communities and other interested parties who believe that the interception of data is illegal under UK law (RIPA).<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a more fundamental level, many have argued that the ISPs and Phorm have no right to sell a commodity (a user's data) to which they have no claim of ownership. </p><p>Though Phorm initially claimed Virgin Media had signed an exclusive contract and were committed to implementing Phorm's Webwise tracking system, Virgin Media have since distanced themselves from this and now state that they have only signed a preliminary contract with Phorm to better understand the tracking technology, and are under no obligation to implement it.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reports on the <a href="/wiki/Guardian.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian.co.uk"><i>Guardian</i> website</a> in May 2008 suggested Virgin Media may be further distancing themselves from the controversial system.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wikipedia_censorship">Wikipedia censorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Wikipedia censorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Watch_Foundation_and_Wikipedia" title="Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia">Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia</a></div> <p>In December 2008, Virgin Media was one of several ISPs in the UK to attempt to censor its users' access to the Wikipedia article about the 1976 album <i><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Killer" title="Virgin Killer">Virgin Killer</a></i> by stadium rock band <a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(band)" title="Scorpions (band)">Scorpions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The album cover has generated controversy, as it features the partially obscured image of a naked, underage girl. The Wikipedia article includes this image and its URL was blacklisted by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Watch_Foundation" title="Internet Watch Foundation">Internet Watch Foundation</a> after a user complaint. The blacklisting has since been rescinded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security_issues">Security issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Security issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="10-month_exposure_to_data_theft">10-month exposure to data theft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: 10-month exposure to data theft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2020, it became known that the Virgin Media marketing database accommodating the personal details (phone numbers, home and email addresses) of 900,000 users was left unsecured for 10 months. The company admitted that a member of their staff hadn't followed the correct security procedures, which resulted in the system's vulnerability. It is known for sure that at least one occasion of unauthorised access took place throughout these 10 months. After shutting down access, a forensic investigation was launched to gauge the extent of the damage and determine whether any data had been leaked.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Television_(Ireland)" title="Virgin Media Television (Ireland)">Virgin Media Television (Ireland)</a> – a separate Liberty Global subsidiary which acquired TV channels from TV3 Group in 2015.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Media&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10k-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-10k_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10k_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10k_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10k_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10k_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10k_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10k_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10k_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10k_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9MTcxMTYzfENoaWxkSUQ9LTF8VHlwZT0z&t=1">"Annual report pursuant to section 13 and 15(d) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediacentre.virginmedia.com/Stories/Virgin-Media-Launches-the-UK-s-Fastest-Broadband-11c.aspx">the original</a> on 3 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News+release&rft.atitle=Virgin+Media+Launches+the+UK%27s+Fastest+Broadband&rft.date=2008-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediacentre.virginmedia.com%2FStories%2FVirgin-Media-Launches-the-UK-s-Fastest-Broadband-11c.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091015210754/http://www.vtesse.com/whats-new.asp?news=20">"Vtesse and Virgin Media to bring ultra-fast surfing to the UK's surf-central"</a>. Vtesse Networks. 8 October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vtesse.com/whats-new.asp?news=20">the original</a> on 15 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vtesse+and+Virgin+Media+to+bring+ultra-fast+surfing+to+the+UK%27s+surf-central&rft.pub=Vtesse+Networks&rft.date=2009-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vtesse.com%2Fwhats-new.asp%3Fnews%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/10/08/vm_cornwall/">"Virgin Media to trial IPTV off-cable network"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediacentre.virginmedia.com/Stories/Virgin-Media-to-Trial-Ultrafast-Broadband-over-Telegraph-Poles-185.aspx">the original</a> on 12 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+Media+to+Trial+Ultrafast+Broadband+over+Telegraph+Poles&rft.pub=Virgin+Media&rft.date=2010-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediacentre.virginmedia.com%2FStories%2FVirgin-Media-to-Trial-Ultrafast-Broadband-over-Telegraph-Poles-185.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/digitaltv/news/a251347/virgin-trials-electricity-pole-broadband.html">"Virgin trials electricity pole broadband"</a>. Digital Spy. 27 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+trials+electricity+pole+broadband&rft.pub=Digital+Spy&rft.date=2010-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.co.uk%2Fdigitaltv%2Fnews%2Fa251347%2Fvirgin-trials-electricity-pole-broadband.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/digitaltv/news/a280910/ofcom-orders-bt-to-share-fibre-network.html">"Ofcom orders BT to share fibre network"</a>. 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Digital Spy. 8 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+Media+to+use+BT%27s+fibre+network&rft.pub=Digital+Spy&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.co.uk%2Fdigitaltv%2Fnews%2Fa281036%2Fvirgin-media-to-use-bts-fibre-network.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/digitaltv/news/a292032/virgins-100mbps-broadband-goes-live.html">"Virgin's 100Mbps broadband goes live"</a>. Digital Spy. 8 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin%27s+100Mbps+broadband+goes+live&rft.pub=Digital+Spy&rft.date=2010-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.co.uk%2Fdigitaltv%2Fnews%2Fa292032%2Fvirgins-100mbps-broadband-goes-live.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100mb-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-100mb_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-100mb_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320075659/http://mediacentre.virginmedia.com/Stories/Virgin-Media-rolls-out-UK-s-fastest-broadband-with-100Mb-1c6.aspx">"Virgin Media rolls out UK's fastest broadband with 100Mb"</a>. <i>News release</i>. Virgin Media. 27 October 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediacentre.virginmedia.com/Stories/Virgin-Media-rolls-out-UK-s-fastest-broadband-with-100Mb-1c6.aspx">the original</a> on 20 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+release&rft.atitle=Virgin+Media+rolls+out+UK%27s+fastest+broadband+with+100Mb&rft.date=2010-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediacentre.virginmedia.com%2FStories%2FVirgin-Media-rolls-out-UK-s-fastest-broadband-with-100Mb-1c6.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114045023/http://mediacentre.virginmedia.com/Stories/Virgin-Media-boosts-Britain-s-broadband-speeds-2322.aspx">"Virgin Media boosts Britain's broadband speeds"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediacentre.virginmedia.com/Stories/Virgin-Media-boosts-Britain-s-broadband-speeds-2322.aspx">the original</a> on 14 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+Media+boosts+Britain%27s+broadband+speeds&rft.pub=Virgin+Media&rft.date=2012-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediacentre.virginmedia.com%2FStories%2FVirgin-Media-boosts-Britain-s-broadband-speeds-2322.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hexus.net/business/news/internet/34125-virgin-media-routes-internet-away-users-three-hour-blackout/">"Virgin Media boosts Britain's broadband speeds, again"</a>. HEXUS.net. 21 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+Media+boosts+Britain%27s+broadband+speeds%2C+again&rft.pub=HEXUS.net&rft.date=2012-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhexus.net%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Finternet%2F34125-virgin-media-routes-internet-away-users-three-hour-blackout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hexus.net/business/news/telcos/66817-virgin-media-rolling-152mb-broadband-service/">"Virgin Media rolling out 152Mb broadband service"</a>. 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BSkyB. 4 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BskyB+and+Virgin+Media+Reach+Agreements+on+Sale+of+VMtv+and+Channel+Distribution&rft.pub=BSkyB&rft.date=2010-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.sky.com%2Fpage.aspx%3Fpointerid%3D6123cbfe61d648e38fb10a1e7a2024e5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430050859/http://www.tca.ie/images/uploaded/documents/M-10-020%20The%20CA%20clears%20the%20proposed%20acquisition%20of%20VMtv%20by%20Sky.pdf">"Competition Authority clears the acquisition by British Sky Broadcasting Limited of Virgin Media Television"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Competition Authority. 29 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tca.ie/images/uploaded/documents/M-10-020%20The%20CA%20clears%20the%20proposed%20acquisition%20of%20VMtv%20by%20Sky.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Competition+Authority+clears+the+acquisition+by+British+Sky+Broadcasting+Limited+of+Virgin+Media+Television&rft.pub=The+Competition+Authority&rft.date=2010-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tca.ie%2Fimages%2Fuploaded%2Fdocuments%2FM-10-020%2520The%2520CA%2520clears%2520the%2520proposed%2520acquisition%2520of%2520VMtv%2520by%2520Sky.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130412031101/http://mediacentre.virginmedia.com/Stories/BSkyB-and-Virgin-Media-Complete-Sale-of-VMtv-1a9.aspx">"BSkyB and Virgin Media Complete Sale of VMtv"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediacentre.virginmedia.com/Stories/BSkyB-and-Virgin-Media-Complete-Sale-of-VMtv-1a9.aspx">the original</a> on 12 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BSkyB+and+Virgin+Media+Complete+Sale+of+VMtv&rft.pub=Virgin+Media&rft.date=2010-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediacentre.virginmedia.com%2FStories%2FBSkyB-and-Virgin-Media-Complete-Sale-of-VMtv-1a9.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/digitaltv/news/a247293/oft-to-review-skys-vmtv-deal.html">"OFT to review Sky's VMtv deal"</a>. Digital Spy. 20 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OFT+to+review+Sky%27s+VMtv+deal&rft.pub=Digital+Spy&rft.date=2010-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.co.uk%2Fdigitaltv%2Fnews%2Fa247293%2Foft-to-review-skys-vmtv-deal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501114552/http://www.c21media.net/news/detail.asp?area=4&article=57297">"OFT okays Sky's Virgin Media TV deal"</a>. C21Media. 14 September 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c21media.net/news/detail.asp?area=4&article=57297">the original</a> on 1 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OFT+okays+Sky%27s+Virgin+Media+TV+deal&rft.pub=C21Media&rft.date=2010-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c21media.net%2Fnews%2Fdetail.asp%3Farea%3D4%26article%3D57297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2010/06/04/virgin-secures-new-sky-carriage-deal-after-vmtv-sale/">"Virgin secures new Sky carriage deal after VMtv sale"</a>. 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London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BSkyB+rebrands+Virgin1+as+Channel+One&rft.date=2010-08-05&rft.aulast=Sweney&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2010%2Faug%2F05%2Fbskyb-virgin1-channel-one&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeans2010" class="citation news cs1">Deans, Jason (4 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/jun/04/bskyb-buys-virgin-media-channels">"BSkyB buys Virgin Media TV channels for £160m"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idigitalsales.co.uk/index.html">the original</a> on 16 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investors.virginmedia.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=135485&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1596267&highlight=">the original</a> on 8 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scripps+Networks+Interactive+and+Virgin+Media+agree+on+UKTV+transaction&rft.pub=Virgin+Media&rft.date=2011-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestors.virginmedia.com%2Fphoenix.zhtml%3Fc%3D135485%26p%3Dirol-newsArticle%26ID%3D1596267%26highlight%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/scripps-networks-interactive-and-virgin-media-complete-uktv-transaction-2011-10-03">"Scripps Networks Interactive and Virgin Media Complete UKTV Transaction"</a>. 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decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virgin_Media" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virginmedia.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199764#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virgin_Media_O2" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virgin_Media_O2" title="Template:Virgin Media O2"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virgin_Media_O2" title="Template talk:Virgin Media O2"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin_Media_O2" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin Media O2"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virgin_Media_O2" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O2_(UK)" title="O2 (UK)">O2 UK</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virgin Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giffgaff" title="Giffgaff">giffgaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesco_Mobile" title="Tesco Mobile">Tesco Mobile</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Business" title="Virgin Media Business">Virgin Media Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_Store" title="O2 Store">O2 Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_Money" title="O2 Money">O2 Money</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_Media_O2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Virgin_Media_O2.svg/100px-Virgin_Media_O2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Virgin_Media_O2.svg/150px-Virgin_Media_O2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Virgin_Media_O2.svg/200px-Virgin_Media_O2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="242" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former products and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin.net" title="Virgin.net">Virgin.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_(UK)" title="Virgin Mobile (UK)">Virgin Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%2B" title="V+">V+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_wireless_box" title="O2 wireless box">O2 wireless box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_Joggler" title="O2 Joggler">O2 Joggler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_TV_Group" title="Living TV Group">Virgin Media Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Witness" title="Sky Witness">Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_(British_TV_channel)" title="Bravo (British TV channel)">Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_2" title="Bravo 2">Bravo 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackpot247" title="Jackpot247">Challenge Jackpot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Channel One (British and Irish TV channel)">Channel One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Europe" title="CNBC Europe">EBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ftn_(TV_channel)" title="Ftn (TV channel)">Ftn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Lives_(TV_channel)" title="Real Lives (TV channel)">Real Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SceneOne" title="SceneOne">SceneOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setanta_Sports_News" title="Setanta Sports News">Setanta Sports News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Living_Loves" title="Sky Living Loves">Living Loves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Children%27s_Channel" title="The Children's Channel">The Children's Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trouble_(TV_channel)" title="Trouble (TV channel)">Trouble</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid_Shopping" title="Bid Shopping">Bid Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallworld_Cable" title="Smallworld Cable">Smallworld Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virgin Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTL_Incorporated" title="NTL Incorporated">NTL</a> (1992–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewest" title="Telewest">Telewest</a> (1984–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Global" title="Liberty Global">Liberty Global</a> (2013–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">O2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a> (1985–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securicor" title="Securicor">Securicor</a> (1985–1999; 40%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_(UK)#1985_to_2005" title="O2 (UK)">O2 plc</a> (2002–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Telefónica</a> (2006–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Virgin_Media_O2" title="Category:Virgin Media O2">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virgin_Media_O2" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Virgin Media O2">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liberty_Global" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberty_Global" title="Template:Liberty Global"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberty_Global" title="Template talk:Liberty Global"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberty_Global" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberty Global"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberty_Global" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Global" title="Liberty Global">Liberty Global</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a> (50%)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virgin Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Business" title="Virgin Media Business">Virgin Media Business</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_(UK)" title="O2 (UK)">O2 UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giffgaff" title="Giffgaff">giffgaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesco_Mobile" title="Tesco Mobile">Tesco Mobile</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_Store" title="O2 Store">O2 Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_Money" title="O2 Money">O2 Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_O2_Arena" title="The O2 Arena">The O2 Arena</a> (Naming rights)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/VodafoneZiggo" title="VodafoneZiggo">VodafoneZiggo</a> (50%)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Netherlands" title="Vodafone Netherlands">Vodafone Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziggo" title="Ziggo">Ziggo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziggo_Sport" title="Ziggo Sport">Ziggo Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziggo_Sport_Totaal" title="Ziggo Sport Totaal">Ziggo Sport Totaal</a> <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li> <li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li></ul></li> <li>Ziggo TV</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telenet_(Belgium)" class="mw-redirect" title="Telenet (Belgium)">Telenet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Base_(mobile_telephony_provider)" class="mw-redirect" title="Base (mobile telephony provider)">Base</a></li> <li>Yelo Play</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS Belgium">SBS Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Play4_(TV_channel)" title="Play4 (TV channel)">Play4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play5" title="Play5">Play5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play6" title="Play6">Play6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_More" title="Play More">Play More</a> <ul><li>Cinema</li> <li>Series</li> <li>Kicks</li> <li>Relax</li> <li>Select</li> <li>Black</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_Sports" title="Play Sports">Play Sports</a> <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li> <li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>7</li> <li>8</li> <li>Golf</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Ireland" title="Virgin Media Ireland">Virgin Media Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_News" title="Virgin Media News">Virgin Media News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Player" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Media Player">Virgin Media Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mobile (Ireland)">Virgin Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Television_(Ireland)" title="Virgin Media Television (Ireland)">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_One" title="Virgin Media One">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Two" title="Virgin Media Two">Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Three" title="Virgin Media Three">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Four" title="Virgin Media Four">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_More" title="Virgin Media More">More</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UPC_Broadband" title="UPC Broadband">UPC Broadband</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>UPC Slovakia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a> (9.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platforma_Canal%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="Platforma Canal+">Platforma Canal+</a> (17%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UPC Broadband</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="UPC Austria">UPC Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="UPC Czech Republic">UPC Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_France" class="mw-redirect" title="UPC France">UPC France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="UPC Hungary">UPC Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="UPC Norway">UPC Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Poland" title="UPC Poland">UPC Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Romania" title="UPC Romania">UPC Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="UPC Slovenia">UPC Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Sweden" title="UPC Sweden">UPC Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Switzerland" title="UPC Switzerland">UPC Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melita_(telecommunications_company)" title="Melita (telecommunications company)">Melita (Malta)</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_(Israel)" title="Hot (Israel)">Tevel (Israel)</a> (47%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UPC DTH</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Sat" title="Focus Sat">Focus Sat</a> (Romania)</li> <li>freeSAT (Czech Republic and Slovakia)</li> <li>UPC Direct (Hungary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liberty Global Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VTR_(telecom_company)" title="VTR (telecom company)">VTR (Chile)</a></li> <li>Liberty Cable Puerto Rico</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chellomedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chellomedia">Chellomedia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chello_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chello Zone">Chello Zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Action" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Action">CBS Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Drama">CBS Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Europa" title="CBS Europa">CBS Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Reality" title="CBS Reality">CBS Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Sports_Channel" title="Extreme Sports Channel">Extreme Sports Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Horror Channel">Horror Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_Channel" title="Outdoor Channel">Outdoor Channel</a> (joint-venture)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chello_Central_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Chello Central Europe">Chello Central Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chello_Multicanal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chello Multicanal">Chello Multicanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JimJam" title="JimJam">JimJam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Channel_(European_TV_channel)" title="MGM Channel (European TV channel)">MGM Channel</a> (joint-venture in Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film1" title="Film1">Film1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weer_en_Verkeer" title="Weer en Verkeer">Weer en Verkeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineNova_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="CineNova (Dutch TV channel)">CineNova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBO_Netherlands" title="HBO Netherlands">HBO Netherlands</a> (50%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virgin Media Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xpos%C3%A9" title="Xposé">Xposé Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Sport" title="Virgin Media Sport">Virgin Media Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3Kids" class="mw-redirect" title="3Kids">Virgin Media Kids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virgin Media O2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin.net" title="Virgin.net">Virgin.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%2B" title="V+">V+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_(UK)" title="Virgin Mobile (UK)">Virgin Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_wireless_box" title="O2 wireless box">O2 wireless box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_Joggler" title="O2 Joggler">O2 Joggler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_TV_Group" title="Living TV Group">Virgin Media Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Witness" title="Sky Witness">Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_(British_TV_channel)" title="Bravo (British TV channel)">Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_2" title="Bravo 2">Bravo 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackpot247" title="Jackpot247">Challenge Jackpot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Channel One (British and Irish TV channel)">Channel One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_Europe" title="CNBC Europe">EBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ftn_(TV_channel)" title="Ftn (TV channel)">Ftn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Lives_(TV_channel)" title="Real Lives (TV channel)">Real Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SceneOne" title="SceneOne">SceneOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setanta_Sports_News" title="Setanta Sports News">Setanta Sports News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Living_Loves" title="Sky Living Loves">Living Loves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Children%27s_Channel" title="The Children's Channel">The Children's Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trouble_(TV_channel)" title="Trouble (TV channel)">Trouble</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid_Shopping" title="Bid Shopping">Bid Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallworld_Cable" title="Smallworld Cable">Smallworld Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_LLC" title="Sunrise LLC">Sunrise</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_LLC" title="Sunrise LLC">Sunrise</a> <ul><li>MySports <ul><li>One</li> <li>2</li> <li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>7</li> <li>8</li> <li>9</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/All3Media" title="All3Media">All3Media</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Stock symbols</b> <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/lbtya">LBTYA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/lbtyb">LBTYB</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/lbtyk">LBTYK</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virgin_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #E4181E; color: white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virgin_Group" title="Template:Virgin Group"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virgin_Group" title="Template talk:Virgin Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin Group"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virgin_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Virgin Group</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;width:1%">Assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Active" title="Virgin Active">Active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Balloon_Flights" title="Virgin Balloon Flights">Balloon Flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Experience_Days" title="Virgin Experience Days">Experience Days</a></li> <li>Red</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Voucher" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Voucher">Voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Wines" title="Virgin Wines">Wines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Travel /<br />transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic" title="Virgin Atlantic">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic_Holidays" title="Virgin Atlantic Holidays">Holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Galactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hotels" title="Virgin Hotels">Hotels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hotels_Chicago" title="Virgin Hotels Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hotels_Las_Vegas" title="Virgin Hotels Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Limited_Edition" title="Virgin Limited Edition">Limited Edition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natirar" title="Natirar">Natirar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necker_Island_(British_Virgin_Islands)" title="Necker Island (British Virgin Islands)">Necker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Roof_Gardens" title="Kensington Roof Gardens">Roof Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulusaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulusaba">Ulusaba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia_Holdings" title="Virgin Australia Holdings">Virgin Australia Holdings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia" title="Virgin Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia_Regional_Airlines" title="Virgin Australia Regional Airlines">Regional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Oceanic" title="Virgin Oceanic">Oceanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Voyages" title="Virgin Voyages">Voyages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Megastores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Music_Group" title="Virgin Music Group">Virgin Music Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Records" title="Caroline Records">Caroline Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V2_Records" title="V2 Records">V2 Records</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_(brand)" title="Virgin Money (brand)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Money</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_UK" title="Virgin Money UK">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_Australia" title="Virgin Money Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Media</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Connect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virgin Media UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_(UK)" title="O2 (UK)">O2 UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Ireland" title="Virgin Media Ireland">Virgin Media Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Television_(Ireland)" title="Virgin Media Television (Ireland)">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile" title="Virgin Mobile">Virgin Mobile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Chile" title="Virgin Mobile Chile">Chile</a></li> <li>Ireland</li> <li>Kuwait</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Polska" title="Virgin Mobile Polska">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Saudi_Arabia" title="Virgin Mobile Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Plus" title="Virgin Plus">Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio" title="Virgin Radio"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Radio</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">UK</a></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CJCH-FM" title="CJCH-FM">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJFM-FM" title="CJFM-FM">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKFM-FM" title="CKFM-FM">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFCA-FM" title="CFCA-FM">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIQM-FM" title="CIQM-FM">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDR-FM" title="CIDR-FM">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKMM-FM" title="CKMM-FM">Winnipeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFMG-FM" title="CFMG-FM">Edmonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIBK-FM" title="CIBK-FM">Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHSU-FM" title="CHSU-FM">Kelowna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFBT-FM" title="CFBT-FM">Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHBE-FM" title="CHBE-FM">Victoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Italia" title="Virgin Radio Italia">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Dubai" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio Dubai">Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Lebanon" title="Virgin Radio Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Romania" title="Virgin Radio Romania">Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_America" title="Virgin America">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Books" title="Virgin Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Brides" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Brides">Brides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Cars" title="Virgin Cars">Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Care" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Care">Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Cinemas" title="Virgin Cinemas">Cinemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Comics" title="Liquid Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connect_Airways" title="Connect Airways">Connect Airways</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flybe_(1979-2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flybe (1979-2020)">Flybe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigerair_Australia" title="Tigerair Australia">Tigerair Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Digital" title="Virgin Digital">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Digital_Help" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Digital Help">Digital Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Drinks" title="Virgin Drinks">Drinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Cola" title="Virgin Cola">Cola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Vodka" title="Virgin Vodka">Vodka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Electronics">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_EMI_Records" title="Virgin EMI Records">Virgin EMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Express" title="Virgin Express">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Festival_(Australia)" title="V Festival (Australia)">Festival (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Festival" title="V Festival">Festival (England)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Festival" title="Virgin Festival">Festival (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Films" title="Virgin Films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Games">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Gaming">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Green_Fund" title="Virgin Green Fund">Green Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Health_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Health Bank">Health Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_(nightclub)" title="Heaven (nightclub)">Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hyperloop" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Interactive">Interactive</a></li> <li>Limobike</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Limousines" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Limousines">Limousines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic_Little_Red" title="Virgin Atlantic Little Red">Little Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores_UK" title="Virgin Megastores UK">Megastores (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_TV_Group" title="Living TV Group">Media Television (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mobile Australia"> Mobile (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_France" title="Virgin Mobile France">Mobile (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mobile India">Mobile (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_South_Africa" title="Virgin Mobile South Africa"> Mobile (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_(UK)" title="Virgin Mobile (UK)">Mobile (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_USA" title="Virgin Mobile USA">Mobile (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Money South Africa">Money (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_US" title="Virgin Money US">Money (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Music" title="Virgin Music">Virgin Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Nigeria" title="Air Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnata_UK" title="Dnata UK">Plane Handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Play" title="Virgin Play">Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Produced" title="Virgin Produced">Produced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Virgin" title="Radio Free Virgin">Radio Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rock" title="Northern Rock">Northern Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%C3%BCi_FM" title="Oüi FM">Oüi FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DS_Virgin_Racing" class="mw-redirect" title="DS Virgin Racing">Racing (Electric)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing">Racing (F1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Jakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio Jakarta">Radio (Jakarta)</a></li> <li>Radio (Jordan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKQB-FM" title="CKQB-FM">Radio (Ottawa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio" title="Absolute Radio">Radio (UK)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Classic_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute Classic Rock">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Groove" title="Virgin Radio Groove">Groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Xtreme" title="Absolute Xtreme">Xtreme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_2" title="Europe 2">Virgin Radio France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Samoa" title="Virgin Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Sun_Airlines" title="Virgin Sun Airlines">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trainline" title="Trainline">Trainline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_(brand)" title="Virgin Trains (brand)">Trains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_CrossCountry" title="Virgin CrossCountry">CrossCountry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_East_Coast" title="Virgin Trains East Coast">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_ExpressCoach" title="Virgin Trains ExpressCoach">ExpressCoach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_(open_access_operator)" title="Virgin Trains (open access operator)">Open Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightline" title="Brightline">USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_West_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Trains West Coast">West Coast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_City_Direct" title="Travel City Direct">Travel City Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Vacations" title="Virgin Vacations">Vacations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Australia" title="V Australia">V Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vie_at_Home" title="Vie at Home">Vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin.net" title="Virgin.net">Virgin.net</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Clarke-Willson" title="Stephen Clarke-Willson">Stephen Clarke-Willson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nik_Powell" title="Nik Powell">Nik Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ridgway" title="Steve Ridgway">Steve Ridgway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Tricks_(scandal)" title="Dirty Tricks (scandal)">"Dirty tricks" campaign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Losing_My_Virginity" title="Losing My Virginity">Losing My Virginity</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Richard_Branson%27s_business_ventures" title="Timeline of Richard Branson's business ventures">Timeline of Richard Branson's business ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Unite" title="Virgin Unite">Unite <span style="font-size:85%;">(charity)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Earth_Challenge" title="Virgin Earth Challenge">Virgin Earth Challenge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #E4181E; color: white"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Virgin_Group" title="Category:Virgin Group"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;"><b>Category</b></span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virgin_Group" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Virgin Group"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;"><b>Commons</b></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Science and technology in the United Kingdom">Science and technology in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Infrastructure<br />providers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arqiva" title="Arqiva">Arqiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babcock_International" title="Babcock International">Babcock International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Wholesale_and_Ventures" title="BT Wholesale and Ventures">BT Wholesale and Ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CityFibre" title="CityFibre">CityFibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCOM_Group" title="KCOM Group">KCOM Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexfibre" title="Nexfibre">Nexfibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openreach" title="Openreach">Openreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interxion" title="Interxion">Interxion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TelecityGroup" title="TelecityGroup">TelecityGroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telehouse_Europe" title="Telehouse Europe">Telehouse Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Service<br />providers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrews_%26_Arnold" title="Andrews & Arnold">Andrews & Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asda_Mobile" title="Asda Mobile">Asda Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/BT_Consumer" title="BT Consumer">BT Consumer</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/BT_Business_and_Public_Sector" title="BT Business and Public Sector">BT Business and Public Sector</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/BT_Global_Services" title="BT Global Services">BT Global Services</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Plusnet" title="Plusnet">Plusnet</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Mobile" title="China Mobile">China Mobile</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/China_Mobile#United_Kingdom" title="China Mobile">CMLink</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claranet" title="Claranet">Claranet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Technology_Services" title="Colt Technology Services">Colt Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Phone_Co-op" title="The Phone Co-op">The Co-operative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_Communications" title="Cable & Wireless Communications">Cable & Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entanet" title="Entanet">Entanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmarsat" title="Inmarsat">Inmarsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCOM_Group" title="KCOM Group">KCOM Group</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Internet" title="Eclipse Internet">Eclipse Internet</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebara" title="Lebara">Lebara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycamobile" title="Lycamobile">Lycamobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Sky_Broadband" title="Sky Broadband">Sky Broadband</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spusu" title="Spusu">spusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Business" title="TalkTalk Business">Business</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group#Mobile_telephony" title="TalkTalk Group">Mobile</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV" title="TalkTalk TV">TV</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Plus" title="Telecom Plus">Telecom Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesco_Mobile" title="Tesco Mobile">Tesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_(company)" title="3 (company)">Three</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Three_UK" title="Three UK">Three UK</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/SMARTY" title="SMARTY">SMARTY</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truphone" title="Truphone">Tru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_Networks" title="Trunk Networks">Trunk Networks</a> <ul><li><small>Leetline</small></li> <li><small>No One</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/O2_(UK)" title="O2 (UK)">O2</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Giffgaff" title="Giffgaff">Giffgaff</a></small></li> <li><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virgin Media</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Business" title="Virgin Media Business">Virgin Media Business</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_UK" title="Vodafone UK">Vodafone UK</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Talkmobile" title="Talkmobile">Talkmobile</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voipfone" title="Voipfone">Voipfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WightFibre" title="WightFibre">WightFibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_Internet" title="Zen Internet">Zen Internet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AOL_Broadband" title="AOL Broadband">AOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Telegraph_Company" title="Atlantic Telegraph Company">Atlantic Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_Un_Limited" title="Be Un Limited">Be Un Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonelli%27s_Electric_Telegraph_Company" title="Bonelli's Electric Telegraph Company">Bonelli's Electric Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Irish_Magnetic_Telegraph_Company" title="British and Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company">British and Irish Magnetic Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_plc" title="Cable & Wireless plc">Cable & Wireless plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_Worldwide" title="Cable & Wireless Worldwide">Cable & Wireless Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Telegraph_Company" title="Electric Telegraph Company">Electric Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energis" title="Energis">Energis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Mobile" title="Family Mobile">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">General Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta_Percha_Company" title="Gutta Percha Company">Gutta Percha Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionica_(company)" title="Ionica (company)">Ionica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_District_Telegraph_Company" title="London District Telegraph Company">London & Provincial District Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Communications" title="Mercury Communications">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Telephone_Company" title="National Telephone Company">National Telephone Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTL_Incorporated" title="NTL Incorporated">NTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_UK" title="Orange UK">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovivo">Ovivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Limited" title="Post Office Limited">Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipex" title="Pipex">Pipex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(telecommunications)" title="Rabbit (telecommunications)">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_by_Sainsbury%27s" title="Mobile by Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Telegraph_Company" title="Submarine Telegraph Company">Submarine Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiscali_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiscali UK">Tiscali UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_UK" title="T-Mobile UK">T-Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Private_Telegraph_Company" title="Universal Private Telegraph Company">Universal Private Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_(UK)" title="Virgin Mobile (UK)">Virgin Mobile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Suppliers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icera" title="Icera">Icera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaswitch" title="Metaswitch">Metaswitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarantel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarantel">Sarantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirent" title="Spirent">Spirent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telent" title="Telent">Telent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSR_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="CSR (company)">CSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEC_Plessey_Telecommunications" title="GEC Plessey Telecommunications">GEC Plessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Company" title="Marconi Company">Marconi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Communications" title="Marconi Communications">Marconi Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_plc" title="Pace plc">Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PicoChip" title="PicoChip">PicoChip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Telephones_and_Cables" title="Standard Telephones and Cables">Standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carphone_Warehouse" title="Carphone Warehouse">Carphone Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibu" title="Hibu">Hibu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Government and<br />regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadband_Stakeholder_Group" title="Broadband Stakeholder Group">Broadband Stakeholder Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Science_and_Technology_Laboratory" title="Defence Science and Technology Laboratory">Defence Science and Technology Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conference_of_Postal_and_Telecommunications_Administrations" title="European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations">European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone-paid_Services_Authority" title="Phone-paid Services Authority">Phone-paid Services Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Industry bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="GSM Association">GSM Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Service_Providers_Association_(United_Kingdom)" title="Internet Service Providers Association (United Kingdom)">Internet Service Providers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Telephony_Services_Providers%27_Association" title="Internet Telephony Services Providers' Association">Internet Telephony Services Providers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LONAP" title="LONAP">LONAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Internet_Exchange" title="London Internet Exchange">London Internet Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Network_Access_Point" title="Manchester Network Access Point">MaNAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbian_Foundation" title="Symbian Foundation">Symbian Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">In <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia#Communications" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Anguilla" title="Telecommunications in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Antarctica" title="Telecommunications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a> (including <a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bermuda" title="Telecommunications in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guernsey" title="Telecommunications in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jersey" title="Telecommunications in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montserrat" title="Telecommunications in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha#Communications" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">History,<br />legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adastral_Park" title="Adastral Park">Adastral Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Approvals_Board_for_Telecommunications" title="British Approvals Board for Telecommunications">British Approvals Board for Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Telecommunications_Act_1981" title="British Telecommunications Act 1981">British Telecommunications Act 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_telephone_sockets" class="mw-redirect" title="British telephone sockets">British telephone sockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Research" title="BT Research">BT Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_site_engineering_code" title="BT site engineering code">BT site engineering code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzby" title="Buzby">Buzby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Act_2003" title="Communications Act 2003">Communications Act 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earth_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Earth stations in the United Kingdom">Earth stations in UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Colour_Pages" title="Hull Colour Pages">Hull Colour Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interception_of_Communications_Act_1985" title="Interception of Communications Act 1985">Interception of Communications Act 1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Internet in the United Kingdom">Internet in UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Act" title="Telegraph Act">Telegraph Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Act_1868" title="Telegraph Act 1868">Telegraph Act 1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Act_1885" title="Telegraph Act 1885">Telegraph Act 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Telephone numbers in UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_telephone_code_misconceptions" title="UK telephone code misconceptions">UK telephone code misconceptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_blocking_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Web blocking in the United Kingdom">Web blocking in UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm's law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br />and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Notable networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasternet" title="Toasternet">Toasternet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Africa" title="Category:Telecommunications in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_North_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in North America">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_South_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in South America">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Antarctica" title="Category:Communications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Asia" title="Category:Telecommunications in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Category:Telecommunications in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Oceania" title="Category:Telecommunications in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies" title="List of telecommunications regulatory bodies">Global telecommunications regulation bodies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/16px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/24px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/32px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" title="Category:Telecommunications">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_telecommunication" title="Outline of telecommunication">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Telecommunications">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="UK_national_newspapers,_magazines,_and_other_periodicals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">UK national newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Newspapers(History,_Circulation)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom">Newspapers</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/History_of_British_newspapers" title="History of British newspapers">History</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_circulation" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation">Circulation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">Broadsheet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_(newspaper)" title="Compact (newspaper)">Compact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I_(newspaper)" title="I (newspaper)">i</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-market_newspaper" title="Middle-market newspaper">Middle-market</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">Tabloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mirror" title="Sunday Mirror">Sunday Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Morning Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_People" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday People">The Sunday People</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Star (United Kingdom)">Daily Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_Sunday" title="Daily Star Sunday">Daily Star Sunday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Sport" title="Sunday Sport">Sunday Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_Sport_(tabloid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekend Sport (tabloid)">Weekend Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midweek_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Midweek Sport">Midweek Sport</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and<br />other periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines in the United Kingdom">List of magazines in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation#United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines by circulation">List of magazines by circulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Radio_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Radio in the United Kingdom">Radio in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#National_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">National<br />stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">BBC Radio 1Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra">BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">BBC Radio 6 Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Asian_Network" title="BBC Asian Network">BBC Asian Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_National_DAB" title="BBC National DAB">BBC National DAB</a> (multiplex)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_National_Radio" title="Independent National Radio">Independent<br />/ commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Network" title="Absolute Radio Network">Absolute Radio Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">BFBS Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_(radio_network)" title="Capital (radio network)">Capital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_Xtra" title="Capital Xtra">Capital Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Digital_One" title="Digital One">Digital One</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_radio_network)" title="Gold (British radio network)">Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heart_(radio_network)" title="Heart (radio network)">Heart</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio" title="Hits Radio">Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jazz_FM_(UK)" title="Jazz FM (UK)">Jazz FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Network" title="Kiss Network">Kiss Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">LBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LBC_News" title="LBC News">LBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_Classical" title="Magic Classical">Magic Classical</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">Premier Christian Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RNIB_Connect_Radio" title="RNIB Connect Radio">RNIB Connect Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sound_Digital" title="Sound Digital">Sound Digital</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Radio_(2014)" title="Smooth Radio (2014)">Smooth Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">talkSPORT</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talkradio" title="Talkradio">TalkRadio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Times_Radio" title="Times Radio">Times Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_Christian_Broadcasters" title="United Christian Broadcasters">UCB UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">Virgin Radio UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radio_X_(United_Kingdom)" title="Radio X (United Kingdom)">Radio X</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Local_and_regional_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">Regional<br />and local<br />stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#BBC_Local_Radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of BBC Local Radio stations</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">BBC Radio Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">BBC Radio Ulster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Foyle" title="BBC Radio Foyle">BBC Radio Foyle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">BBC Radio Wales</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru_2" title="BBC Radio Cymru 2">Cymru 2</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Local_Radio" title="Independent Local Radio">Independent<br />/ commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Community_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of community radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Commercial_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of local commercial radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Semi-national_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of semi-national / regional analogue and digital radio stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Hospital_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of hospital radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pirate radio in the United Kingdom">Pirate radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a> (RSL) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#RSL_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of RSL stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of satellite radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Student_and_schools_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of student and schools radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="FM broadcasting in the UK">FM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy" title="Radio Academy">Radio Academy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy_Awards" title="Radio Academy Awards">Radio Academy Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Independents_Group" title="Radio Independents Group">Radio Independents Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAJAR" title="RAJAR">RAJAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-listened-to_radio_programs" title="List of most-listened-to radio programs">Most listened to programmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Television in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Principalchannels(List)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal<br />channels<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_television_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of television channels in the United Kingdom">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV1</a>/<a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">STV</a>/<a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">UTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">ITV2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">ITV3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV4" title="ITV4">ITV4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITVBe" title="ITVBe">ITVBe</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel 4</a>/<a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E4_Extra" title="E4 Extra">E4 Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Star" title="5Star">5Star</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5USA" title="5USA">5USA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Select" title="5Select">5Select</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Action" title="5Action">5Action</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(British_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (British TV channel)">Comedy Central</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Extra" title="Comedy Central Extra">Comedy Central Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Hits</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_80s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 80s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 80s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_90s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 90s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 90s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicktoons (British TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (British and Irish TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></dd> <dd>Nick Jr. Too</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Atlantic" title="Sky Atlantic">Sky Atlantic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Cinema" title="Sky Cinema">Sky Cinema</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Comedy" title="Sky Comedy">Sky Comedy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Crime" title="Sky Crime">Sky Crime</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Documentaries" title="Sky Documentaries">Sky Documentaries</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_(European_TV_channel)" title="History (European TV channel)">Sky History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H2_(A%26E_Networks)" title="H2 (A&E Networks)">Sky History 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Kids_(TV_channel)" title="Sky Kids (TV channel)">Sky Kids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Max" title="Sky Max">Sky Max</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Mix" title="Sky Mix">Sky Mix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Nature" title="Sky Nature">Sky Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Replay" title="Sky Replay">Sky Replay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sci-Fi" title="Sky Sci-Fi">Sky Sci-Fi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Showcase" title="Sky Showcase">Sky Showcase</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Box_Office" title="Sky Box Office">Sky Sports Box Office</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_F1" title="Sky Sports F1">Sky Sports F1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_News" title="Sky Sports News">Sky Sports News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_Racing" title="Sky Sports Racing">Sky Sports Racing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports" title="Sky Sports">Sky Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Witness_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Witness (TV channel)">Sky Witness</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Alibi" title="U&Alibi">U&Alibi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Dave" title="U&Dave">U&Dave</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Drama" title="U&Drama">U&Drama</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Eden" title="U&Eden">U&Eden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Gold" title="U&Gold">U&Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26W" title="U&W">U&W</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Yesterday" title="U&Yesterday">U&Yesterday</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Planet (British TV channel)">Animal Planet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Boomerang (British and Irish TV channel)">Boomerang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoon Network (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoon Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartoonito_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoonito (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoonito</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Channel (British and Irish TV channel)">Discovery Channel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_History" title="Discovery History">Discovery History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Science_(European_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Science (European TV channel)">Discovery Science</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Turbo" title="Discovery Turbo">Discovery Turbo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/DMAX_(British_TV_channel)" title="DMAX (British TV channel)">DMAX</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_1" title="Eurosport 1">Eurosport 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_2" title="Eurosport 2">Eurosport 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/HGTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="HGTV (British and Irish TV channel)">HGTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_(European_TV_channel)" title="Investigation Discovery (European TV channel)">Investigation Discovery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quest_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quest (TV channel)">Quest</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quest_Red" title="Quest Red">Quest Red</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Really_(TV_channel)" title="Really (TV channel)">Really</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TLC_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="TLC (British and Irish TV channel)">TLC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TNT_Sports_(United_Kingdom)" title="TNT Sports (United Kingdom)">TNT Sports</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narrative Entertainment UK Limited</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Action" title="Great! Action">Great! Action</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">Great! Movies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Romance" title="Great! Romance">Great! Romance</a></dd> <dd>Great! Real</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">Great! TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pop_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Pop (British and Irish TV channel)">Pop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pop_Max" title="Pop Max">Pop Max</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services<br />and<br />platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television_by_region#United_Kingdom" title="Cable television by region">cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital television in the United Kingdom">digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">digital terrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DTT_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of DTT channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EE_TV" title="EE TV">EE TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freely" title="Freely">Freely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freesat%2B" title="Freesat+">Freesat+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-definition television in the United Kingdom">high-definition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HD_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of HD channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITVX" title="ITVX">ITVX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Player" title="STV Player">STV Player</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local television in the United Kingdom">local television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My5" title="My5">My5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_(streaming_service)" title="Now (streaming service)">Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Player" title="Pop Player">Pop Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_television" title="Television in the United Kingdom">satellite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free-to-air_channels_at_Astra_28.2%C2%B0E_(Ireland_and_the_United_Kingdom)" title="List of free-to-air channels at Astra 28.2°E (Ireland and the United Kingdom)">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freesat_from_Sky" title="Freesat from Sky">Freesat from Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Demand_(Sky)" title="On Demand (Sky)">On Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky%2B" title="Sky+">Sky+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky%2B_HD" title="Sky+ HD">Sky+ HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV" title="TalkTalk TV">TalkTalk TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVPlayer" title="TVPlayer">TVPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_(streaming_service)" title="U (streaming service)">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FilmFlex" title="FilmFlex">FilmFlex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TiVo" title="TiVo">TiVo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%2B" title="V+">V+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouView" title="YouView">YouView</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue television in the United Kingdom">analogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">analogue terrestrial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Store" title="BBC Store">BBC Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV_Store" title="TalkTalk TV Store">TalkTalk TV Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4oD" title="Film4oD">Film4oD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Digital" title="Real Digital">Real Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Up_TV" title="Top Up TV">Top Up TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_Mills_Studios" title="3 Mills Studios">3 Mills Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">BBC Pacific Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bottle_Yard_Studios" title="The Bottle Yard Studios">The Bottle Yard Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Bristol" title="Broadcasting House, Bristol">Broadcasting House, Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Street_Studios" title="Gas Street Studios">Gas Street Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Leeds_Studios" title="The Leeds Studios">The Leeds Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Maidstone_Studios" title="The Maidstone Studios">The Maidstone Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada_Studios" title="Granada Studios">Old Granada Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Studios" title="Riverside Studios">Riverside Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Roath Lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sharp_Project" title="The Sharp Project">The Sharp Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Campus" title="Sky Campus">Sky Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Studios_Manchester" title="Space Studios Manchester">Space Studios Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre, London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickenson_Road_Studios" title="Dickenson Road Studios">Dickenson Road Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_Studios" title="Fountain Studios">Fountain Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hospital_Club" title="The Hospital Club">The Hospital Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_Grove_Studios" title="Lime Grove Studios">Lime Grove Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Studios" title="Limehouse Studios">Limehouse Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_London_Studios" title="The London Studios">The London Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM-British_Studios" title="MGM-British Studios">MGM-British Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Broadcasting_House,_Manchester" title="New Broadcasting House, Manchester">New Broadcasting House, Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddington_Studios" title="Teddington Studios">Teddington Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne">Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_Southampton" title="Television Centre, Southampton">Television Centre, Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Boat_Studios" title="Upper Boat Studios">Upper Boat Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Television in Northern Ireland">Television in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Scotland" title="Television in Scotland">in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Wales" title="Television in Wales">in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_TV_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of former TV channels in the United Kingdom">Defunct channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Television_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Television Festival">Edinburgh International Television Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#History" title="Television in the United Kingdom">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_British_television" title="List of years in British television">List of years</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of television stations in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Viewing_statistics" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Viewing statistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_watched_television_broadcasts#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most watched television broadcasts">Most-watched broadcasts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Companies_and_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies and organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascential" title="Ascential">Ascential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banijay_UK_Productions" title="Banijay UK Productions">Banijay UK Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">Bauer Media Audio UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail_and_General_Trust" title="Daily Mail and General Trust">Daily Mail and General Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentsu_International" title="Dentsu International">Dentsu International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economist_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Economist Group">Economist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI_Music_Publishing" title="EMI Music Publishing">EMI Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Media_%26_Entertainment" title="Global Media & Entertainment">Global Media & Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Media_Group" title="Haymarket Media Group">Haymarket Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narrative_Capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narrative Capital (page does not exist)">Narrative Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_World" title="National World">National World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Broadcasting" title="News Broadcasting">News Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_UK" title="News UK">News UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsquest" title="Newsquest">Newsquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_%26_Shell" title="Northern & Shell">Northern & Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearson_plc" title="Pearson plc">Pearson plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Holdings" title="Press Holdings">Press Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reach_plc" title="Reach plc">Reach plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELX" title="RELX">RELX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syco" class="mw-redirect" title="Syco">Syco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount Networks UK & Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company (UK) Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arqiva" title="Arqiva">Arqiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_book_publishers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of largest book publishers of the United Kingdom">List of largest UK book publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government and<br />regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)">Advertising Standards Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a> (formerly: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">Board of Governors of the BBC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture,_Media_and_Sport_Committee" title="Culture, Media and Sport Committee">Culture, Media, and Sport Select Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Press_Standards_Organisation" title="Independent Press Standards Organisation">Independent Press Standards Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Recognition_Panel" title="Press Recognition Panel">Press Recognition Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry and<br />trades bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting,_Entertainment,_Cinematograph_and_Theatre_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union">Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearcast" title="Clearcast">Clearcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_TV_Group" title="Digital TV Group">Digital TV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyone_TV" title="Everyone TV">Everyone TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Against_Copyright_Theft" title="Federation Against Copyright Theft">Federation Against Copyright Theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Publishers_Guild" title="Independent Publishers Guild">Independent Publishers Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">National Union of Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Publishers_Association" title="The Publishers Association">The Publishers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Television_Society" title="Royal Television Society">Royal Television Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Academy" title="BBC Academy">BBC Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Television_School" title="National Film and Television School">National Film and Television School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_and_Media_Museum" title="National Science and Media Museum">National Science and Media Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Regional_and_student_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional and student media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Media in England <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Birmingham" title="Media in Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_London" title="Media in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Manchester" title="Media in Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media in Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Aberdeen" title="Media in Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Dundee" title="Media in Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Glasgow" title="Media in Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Wales" title="Media of Wales">Media in Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Cardiff" title="Media in Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Student media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_student_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of student newspapers in the United Kingdom">Student press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Mass media in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cable,_satellite,_and_other_specialty_television_providers_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CATV_Europe" title="Template:CATV Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CATV_Europe" title="Template talk:CATV Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CATV_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CATV Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cable,_satellite,_and_other_specialty_television_providers_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cable, satellite, and other specialty television providers in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A1_Bulgaria" title="A1 Bulgaria">A1 Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A1_Hrvatska" title="A1 Hrvatska">A1 Hrvatska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiway" title="Caiway">Caiway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(company)" title="Delta (company)">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digi_Communications" title="Digi Communications">Digi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_Oyj" title="DNA Oyj">DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eir_(telecommunications)" title="Eir (telecommunications)">Eir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisa_(company)" title="Elisa (company)">Elisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elta-Kabel" title="Elta-Kabel">Elta-Kabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ER-Telecom" title="ER-Telecom">ER-Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskaltel" title="Euskaltel">Euskaltel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GO_(Malta)" title="GO (Malta)">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPKO" title="IPKO">IPKO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabelnoord" title="Kabelnoord">Kabelnoord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhtelecom" title="Kazakhtelecom">Kazakhtelecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kujtesa" title="Kujtesa">Kujtesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%26H_Company" title="M&H Company">M&H Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magenta_Telekom" title="Magenta Telekom">Magenta Telekom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_Networks" title="Magnet Networks">Magnet Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telekom" title="Magyar Telekom">Magyar Telekom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melita_(telecommunications_company)" title="Melita (telecommunications company)">Melita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEO_(telecommunication_company)" title="MEO (telecommunication company)">MEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss.Net" title="Miss.Net">Miss.Net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Telecom_TV" title="Monaco Telecom TV">Monaco Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxoo" title="Naxoo">Naxoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetCologne" title="NetCologne">NetCologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOS_(Portuguese_company)" title="NOS (Portuguese company)">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowo" title="Nowo">Nowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Belgium" title="Orange Belgium">Orange Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange Luxembourg">Orange Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Romania" title="Orange Romania">Orange Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_(telecommunications)" title="Play (telecommunications)">Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Telecom" title="Post Telecom">Post Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primacom" title="Primacom">Primacom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_(cable_operator)" title="R (cable operator)">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostelecom" title="Rostelecom">Rostelecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_Broadband" title="Serbia Broadband">SBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFR" title="SFR">SFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_AS" title="STV AS">STV AS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swisscom" title="Swisscom">Swisscom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_(telecom)" title="Tango (telecom)">Tango TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecable" title="Telecable">Telecable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tele_Columbus" title="Tele Columbus">Tele Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekabel" title="Telekabel">Telekabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekom_Srbija" title="Telekom Srbija">Telekom Srbija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemach_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Telemach (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Telemach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telenet_(provider)" class="mw-redirect" title="Telenet (provider)">Telenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tet_(company)" title="Tet (company)">Tet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toya_(company)" title="Toya (company)">Toya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrksat_(company)" title="Türksat (company)">Türksat Kablo TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Switzerland" title="UPC Switzerland">UPC Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Ireland" title="Virgin Media Ireland">Virgin Media Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Czech_Republic" title="Vodafone Czech Republic">Vodafone Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Deutschland" title="Vodafone Deutschland">Vodafone Deutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Vodafone España">Vodafone España</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Hungary" title="Vodafone Hungary">Vodafone Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Romania" title="Vodafone Romania">Vodafone Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VodafoneZiggo" title="VodafoneZiggo">VodafoneZiggo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOO" title="VOO">VOO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WightFibre" title="WightFibre">WightFibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouSee" title="YouSee">YouSee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziggo" title="Ziggo">Ziggo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">Satellite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A1_Bulgaria" title="A1 Bulgaria">A1 Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A1_Hrvatska" title="A1 Hrvatska">A1 Hrvatska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allente" title="Allente">Allente</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bis_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bis Télévisions (page does not exist)">Bis Télévisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulsatcom" title="Bulsatcom">Bulsatcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_provider)" title="Canal+ (French TV provider)">Canal+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(Polish_TV_provider)" title="Canal+ (Polish TV provider)">Canal+ Polska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Digitaal" title="Canal Digitaal">Canal Digitaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmote_TV" title="Cosmote TV">Cosmote TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Smart" title="D-Smart">D-Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digi_Communications" title="Digi Communications">Digi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigitAlb" title="DigitAlb">DigitAlb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digiturk" title="Digiturk">Digiturk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Sat" title="Focus Sat">Focus Sat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fransat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fransat (page does not exist)">Fransat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD%2B" title="HD+">HD+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXtv" class="mw-redirect" title="MAXtv">MAXtv (Hrvatski Telekom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(telecommunications)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange (telecommunications)">La TV d'Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M7_Group" title="M7 Group">M7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Telekom" title="Slovak Telekom">Magio TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MagtiCom" title="MagtiCom">MagtiCom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEO_(telecommunication_company)" title="MEO (telecommunication company)">MEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movistar_Plus%2B" title="Movistar Plus+">Movistar Plus+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOS_(Portuguese_company)" title="NOS (Portuguese company)">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(Forthnet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (Forthnet)">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTV_Plus" title="NTV Plus">NTV Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Polska" title="Orange Polska">Orange Polska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Romania" title="Orange Romania">Orange Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Slovensko" title="Orange Slovensko">Orange Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polsat_Box" title="Polsat Box">Polsat Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saorsat" title="Saorsat">Saorsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Deutschland" title="Sky Deutschland">Sky Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Ireland" title="Sky Ireland">Sky Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Italia" title="Sky Italia">Sky Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylink_(TV_platform)" title="Skylink (TV platform)">Skylink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telekom" title="Magyar Telekom">Telekom Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekom_Srbija" title="Telekom Srbija">Telekom Srbija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9sat" title="Télésat">Télésat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiv%C3%B9sat" title="Tivùsat">tivùsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TotalTV_(Serbian_TV_provider)" title="TotalTV (Serbian TV provider)">Total TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolor_TV" title="Tricolor TV">Tricolor TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrksat_(company)" title="Türksat (company)">Turksat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Vlaanderen" title="TV Vlaanderen">TV Vlaanderen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viasat_Ukraine" title="Viasat Ukraine">Viasat Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivacom" title="Vivacom">Vivacom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiber_to_the_x" title="Fiber to the x">Fiber</a>/<a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol_television" title="Internet Protocol television">IPTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A1_Bulgaria" title="A1 Bulgaria">A1 Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A1_Hrvatska" title="A1 Hrvatska">A1 Hrvatska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A1_Telekom_Austria" title="A1 Telekom Austria">A1 Telekom Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allente" title="Allente">Allente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altibox" title="Altibox">Altibox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMIS_(ISP)" class="mw-redirect" title="AMIS (ISP)">Amis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra_Telecom" title="Andorra Telecom">Andorra Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeline_(telecommunications)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beeline (telecommunications)">Beeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouygues_Telecom" title="Bouygues Telecom">Bouygues Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulsatcom" title="Bulsatcom">Bulsatcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytavision" class="mw-redirect" title="Cytavision">Cytavision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EE_TV" title="EE TV">EE TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eir_(telecommunications)" title="Eir (telecommunications)">eir Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_(ISP)" title="Free (ISP)">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HT_Eronet" title="HT Eronet">HT Eronet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INES_(TV_service)" title="INES (TV service)">iNES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPN" title="KPN">KPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(telecommunications)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange (telecommunications)">La TV d'Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Magenta TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_Networks" title="Magnet Networks">Magnet Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MagtiCom" title="MagtiCom">MagtiCom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatski_Telekom" title="Hrvatski Telekom">MAXtv (Hrvatski Telekom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEO_(telecommunication_company)" title="MEO (telecommunication company)">MEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moja_TV" title="Moja TV">Moja TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldtelecom" title="Moldtelecom">Moldtelecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movistar_Plus%2B" title="Movistar Plus+">Movistar Plus+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(Forthnet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (Forthnet)">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odido" title="Odido">Odido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Orange España">Orange España</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Polska" title="Orange Polska">Orange Polska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PrimeTel" title="PrimeTel">PrimeTel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proximus_TV" title="Proximus TV">Proximus TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_(company)" title="Scarlet (company)">Scarlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFR" title="SFR">SFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADminn" title="Síminn">Síminn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Telecom" title="Smart Telecom">Smart Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunrise TV">Sunrise TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_TV_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Super TV (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Super TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-2_(ISP)" class="mw-redirect" title="T-2 (ISP)">T-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV" title="TalkTalk TV">TalkTalk TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekom_Srbija" title="Telekom Srbija">Telekom Srbija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telenor" title="Telenor">Telenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telia_Company" title="Telia Company">Telia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telia_Digital-tv" title="Telia Digital-tv">Telia Digital-tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teo_LT" title="Teo LT">Teo LT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIMvision" title="TIMvision">TIMvision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivibu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tivibu">Tivibu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkcell" title="Turkcell">Turkcell TV+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivacom" title="Vivacom">Vivacom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Greece" title="Vodafone Greece">Vodafone Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Ireland" title="Vodafone Ireland">Vodafone Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Italy" title="Vodafone Italy">Vodafone Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKTC_Telsim" title="KKTC Telsim">Vodafone North Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Portugal" title="Vodafone Portugal">Vodafone Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Turkey" title="Vodafone Turkey">Vodafone Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XS4ALL" title="XS4ALL">XS4ALL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouView" title="YouView">YouView</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziggo" title="Ziggo">Ziggo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">Terrestrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_TV_Access" title="Boxer TV Access">BoxerTV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(SE)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digea" title="Digea">Digea</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(GR)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digitenne" title="Digitenne">Digitenne</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(NL)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVOtv" class="mw-redirect" title="EVOtv">EVOtv (Hrvatski Telekom)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(HR)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(UK)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GO_(Malta)" title="GO (Malta)">GO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(MT)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlusTV" class="mw-redirect" title="PlusTV">PlusTV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(FI)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_Portugal" title="Digital terrestrial television in Portugal">PTDT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PT)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RiksTV" title="RiksTV">RiksTV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(NO)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saorview" title="Saorview">Saorview</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(IE)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Spain" title="Television in Spain">TDT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ES)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_France" title="Television in France">TNT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(FR)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Vlaanderen" title="TV Vlaanderen">TV Vlaanderen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(BE)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/@Home_Network#@Home_Benelux" title="@Home Network">@Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akta" title="Akta">Akta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Home_TV" title="Alice Home TV">Alice Home TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Digital" title="Alpha Digital">Alpha Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athina_Sat" title="Athina Sat">Athina Sat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blizoo" title="Blizoo">blizoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_Extrasatelit" title="Boom Extrasatelit">Boom Extrasatelit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragatel" title="Bragatel">Bragatel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Satellite_Broadcasting" title="British Satellite Broadcasting">BSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(Spanish_TV_provider)" title="Canal+ (Spanish TV provider)">Canal+ Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Digital" title="Canal Digital">Canal Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casema" title="Casema">Casema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CenterTelecom" title="CenterTelecom">CenterTelecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com_Hem" title="Com Hem">Com Hem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_(pay_television)" title="CTV (pay television)">CTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_TV" title="Easy TV">Easy TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_AS" title="Get AS">Get</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infostrada_TV" title="Infostrada TV">Infostrada TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitel" title="Invitel">Invitel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Digital" title="ITV Digital">ITV Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyne" title="Joyne">Joyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-TV" title="Kosmos-TV">Kosmos-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabel_BW" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabel BW">Kabel BW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madritel" title="Madritel">Madritel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediaset_Premium" title="Mediaset Premium">Mediaset Premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N_(Poland)" title="N (Poland)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuf_Cegetel" title="Neuf Cegetel">Neuf Cegetel TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_Telecom" title="North-West Telecom">North-West Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numericable" title="Numericable">Numericable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ONO_(Spain)" title="ONO (Spain)">ONO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Telecoms" title="On Telecoms">On Telecoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Digital" title="Real Digital">Real Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiero_Television" title="Quiero Television">Quiero Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radijus_Vektor" title="Radijus Vektor">Radijus Vektor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Telecom" title="Southern Telecom">Southern Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_TV" title="Stream TV">Stream TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS_Starman" title="AS Starman">Starman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDC_Holding_A/S" title="TDC Holding A/S">TDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tele2Vision" title="Tele2Vision">Tele2Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telfort" title="Telfort">Telfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVTEL" title="TVTEL">TVTEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_di_FASTWEB" class="mw-redirect" title="TV di FASTWEB">TV di FASTWEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitymedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitymedia">Unitymedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_France" class="mw-redirect" title="UPC France">UPC France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="UPC Hungary">UPC Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziggo" title="Ziggo">Ziggo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Poland" title="UPC Poland">UPC Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPC_Romania" title="UPC Romania">UPC Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralsvyazinform" title="Uralsvyazinform">Uralsvyazinform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viasat_(Nordic_television_service)" title="Viasat (Nordic television service)">Viasat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VolgaTelecom" title="VolgaTelecom">VolgaTelecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_Vision" title="Wind Vision">Wind Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:CATV_Africa,_Asia,_Middle_East_and_Oceania" title="Template:CATV Africa, Asia, Middle East and Oceania">Middle East, Africa, Asia and Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:CATV_Americas" title="Template:CATV Americas">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:CATV_Canada" title="Template:CATV Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:CATV_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Template:CATV Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:CATV_USA" title="Template:CATV USA">United States</a></li></ul> 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