CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Mugulü - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ab6698de-6904-42eb-b232-b004672e6ad3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Mugulü","wgTitle":"Mugulü","wgCurRevisionId":1257380504,"wgRevisionId":1257380504,"wgArticleId":64796063,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Mongolian-language sources (mn)","Harv and Sfn no-target errors","CS1 errors: periodical ignored","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles needing additional categories from September 2021","Articles lacking reliable references from August 2020","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles with multiple maintenance issues","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021", "Articles containing Chinese-language text","Articles containing Mongolian-language text","S-bef: 'before' parameter includes the word 'created'","Articles to be expanded from August 2021","All articles to be expanded","Place of birth unknown","Year of birth uncertain","Year of death uncertain","Place of death unknown","3rd-century Chinese people","Xianbei","Central Asia","East Asia","3rd-century births","4th-century deaths","Legendary monarchs","Inner Asia","Khagans of the Rouran","Donghu people","Mongolian nobility","Founding monarchs","4th-century Chinese monarchs","Legendary Chinese people","Tengrist monarchs","Mongol mythology","Sixteen Kingdoms nobility","Sixteen Kingdoms monarchs","Self-proclaimed monarchy","Chinese escapees"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Mugulü","wgRelevantArticleId":64796063,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1031620","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false ,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png/1200px-%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png/800px-%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="534"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png/640px-%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mugulü - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugul%C3%BC"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugul%C3%BC"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mugulü rootpage-Mugulü skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mugul%C3%BC" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mugul%C3%BC" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mugul%C3%BC" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mugul%C3%BC" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Youth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Youth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mugulü's_career_and_his_escape_through_the_Gobi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mugulü's_career_and_his_escape_through_the_Gobi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Mugulü's career and his escape through the Gobi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mugulü's_career_and_his_escape_through_the_Gobi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_and_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Family and succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personal name</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_name-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal name subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clan_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clan_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Clan name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clan_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mugulü</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuy%C3%A7z%C3%BCly%C3%BC_Muquly%C3%BC" title="Yuyçzülyü Muqulyü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yuyçzülyü Muqulyü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Mugul%C3%BC" title="Yujiulü Mugulü – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Yujiulü Mugulü" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EA%B3%A8%EB%A0%A4" title="목골려 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="목골려" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B9" title="Мугулюй – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мугулюй" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%AA%A8%E9%96%AD" title="木骨閭 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="木骨閭" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugulu" title="Mugulu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mugulu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B9" title="Юйцзюлюй Мугулюй – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Юйцзюлюй Мугулюй" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Mugul%C3%BC" title="Yujiulü Mugulü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yujiulü Mugulü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B9" title="Мугулюй – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мугулюй" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%AA%A8%E9%97%BE" title="木骨闾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="木骨闾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1031620#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mugul%C3%BC" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mugul%C3%BC" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mugul%C3%BC"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mugul%C3%BC"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Mugul%C3%BC" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Mugul%C3%BC" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&oldid=1257380504" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Mugul%C3%BC&id=1257380504&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMugul%25C3%25BC"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMugul%25C3%25BC"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mugul%C3%BC&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1031620" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese chieftain and warrior</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mugul%C3%BC" title="Special:EditPage/Mugulü">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mugul%C3%BC" title="Talk:Mugulü">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Improve_categories plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-cat_improve" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional or more specific <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">categories</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit">help out</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#How_do_I_add_an_article_to_a_category?" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization">adding categories</a> to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreliable_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-unreliable_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Some of this article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">listed sources</a> <b>may not be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Mugulü<br /><small>木骨閭</small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">Tribal chief</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png/280px-%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png/420px-%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png/560px-%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png 2x" data-file-width="2549" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Map representing Rourans well to the north, located at the epicenter<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of the eastern steppe, in comparison to other states in its vicinity, with its area of influence extremely west and east, bordering the northern Wei state (北魏), appearing under the bluish color.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">Tribal chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran tribe</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">330–? or 308–316</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">330 or 308, Hetulin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Chiefdom established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Cheluhui" title="Yujiulü Cheluhui">Yujiulü Cheluhui</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">3rd century, before 277</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4th century, 316 or after 330</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Cheluhui" title="Yujiulü Cheluhui">Yujiulü Cheluhui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><i>Mùgǔlǘ</i></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Clan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_clan" title="Yujiulü clan">Yujiulü clan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouran">Rouran</a> tribe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Dai</a> soldier, <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> slave (former and uncertain)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Mongolian">Proto-Mongol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Cause_of_death" title="Cause of death">Cause of death</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Unknown</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">木骨閭 (trad.)<br />木骨闾 (simp.)</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yùjiǔlǘ Mùgǔlǘ</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <p><b>Mugulü</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">木骨閭</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Mùgǔlǘ</span></i>) was a legendary warrior and <a href="/wiki/Chieftain" class="mw-redirect" title="Chieftain">chieftain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a> during the period when it was under the rule of tribes and peoples originating from the fragmentation of the failed and crumbling <a href="/wiki/Xianbei_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Xianbei state">Xianbei confederation</a>. The term "<a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a>" is a likely derivation from his name.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mugulü was likely born before AD 277, at the end of <a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Liwei" title="Tuoba Liwei">Tuoba Liwei</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)#Chieftains_of_Tuoba_Clan_219–377_(as_Princes_of_Dai_315–377)" title="Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)">reign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vol._103_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vol._103-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Little is known about his childhood.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His date and place of birth, and the names of his parents or those of his consorts, are not disclosed in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wei" title="Book of Wei">Book of Wei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He served in the Xianbei army under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Tuoba</a> tribal chief, <a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yilu" title="Tuoba Yilu">Tuoba Yilu</a> (295–316) of <a href="/wiki/Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Dai</a>. Possibly a legendary figure, he was a fugitive slave according to Chinese sources, however one researcher thinks that this is questionable and assumes that Chinese authors frequently ascribed lowly origins to the Northern nomads, as a way of emphasizing their barbarity.<sup id="cite_ref-Kradin_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kradin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Barbara West, Mugulü believe to have been a slave of the Xianbei.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth">Youth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Youth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Chinese chronicles, Mugulü was a slave of unknown origin who was captured and enslaved by a Tuoba raider cavalryman<sup id="cite_ref-vol._103_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vol._103-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the reign of chief <a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Liwei" title="Tuoba Liwei">Liwei</a> (220-277)<sup id="cite_ref-vol._103_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vol._103-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Tuoba</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> clan<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most likely of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Mongolian">Proto-Mongolic</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The anecdote of his enslaved status has been rejected by modern scholars as "a typical insertion by the Chinese historians intended to show the low birth and barbarian nature of the northern nomads."<sup id="cite_ref-Kradin_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kradin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mugulü's_career_and_his_escape_through_the_Gobi"><span id="Mugul.C3.BC.27s_career_and_his_escape_through_the_Gobi"></span>Mugulü's career and his escape through the Gobi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mugulü's career and his escape through the Gobi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wei" title="Book of Wei">Book of Wei</a>, after either having matured (being 30 or older) or because of his strength,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mugulü was emancipated and became a warrior in the Tuoba Xianbei cavalry, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yilu" title="Tuoba Yilu">Tuoba Yilu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Dai</a> (307–316).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he tarried past the deadline and was sentenced to death by beheading.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He vanished and hid in the <a href="/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeishu554Vol._103_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeishu554Vol._103-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but then gathered a hundred or more other escapees.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They sought refuge under a neighboring tribe of <a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele people</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeishu554Vol._103_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeishu554Vol._103-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called <i>Hetulin</i> (紇突隣).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBozan1962225_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBozan1962225-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is not known when Mugulü died; sources say 316 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee201551–52_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee201551–52-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_succession">Family and succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family and succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Mugulü died, his son <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Cheluhui" title="Yujiulü Cheluhui">Yujiulü Cheluhui</a> acquired his own tribal horde and either Cheluhui was or his tribe called themselves <a href="/wiki/Rouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouran">Rouran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPohl201833_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPohl201833-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheluhui's government was marked by [nomadism and peace,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they remained subjects to the <a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Xianbei Tuobas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPohl201833_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPohl201833-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His descendants and successors were:<sup id="cite_ref-Grousset_1970_pp._61,_585_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grousset_1970_pp._61,_585-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Cheluhui" title="Yujiulü Cheluhui">Yujiulü Cheluhui</a>, son</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Tunugui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Tunugui (page does not exist)">Yujiulü Tunugui</a>, grandson</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Bati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Bati (page does not exist)">Yujiulü Bati</a>, great-grandson</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Disuyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Disuyuan (page does not exist)">Yujiulü Disuyuan</a>, great-great-grandson</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_name">Personal name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Chinese chronicles, the Xianbei (Sianbi) master called the captive Mugulü, a Xianbei word glossed as "bald-headed" (首禿)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possibly owing to his appearance, his hairline starting at his eyebrow's level,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and because he did not remember his name and surname.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was reconstructed as <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a> <i>Muqur</i> (<b>Mukhur</b>) or <i>Muquli</i> (<b>Mukhuli</b>) presumably "round, smooth" by Japanese researcher <a href="/wiki/Shiratori_Kurakichi" title="Shiratori Kurakichi">Shiratori Kurakichi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGinfu1971218,_note_4_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGinfu1971218,_note_4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vovin" title="Alexander Vovin">Alexander Vovin</a> instead proposes that <i>Mùgúlǘ</i> (木骨閭), in reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a> *<i>muwk-kwot-ljo</i>, transcribed Tuoba Xianbei *<i>moqo-lo</i> ~ <i>muqo-lo</i> 'bald head', which is analysable as 'one [who/]which has cut off/fallen off [hair]' and cognate with <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a> lexical items like <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: <span lang="mn">Мухар</span> (<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Written Mongolian</a> <i>moɣutur ~ moqutur</i> 'blunt, hornless, bald tail' (cf. Chinese gloss as 禿尾 'bald tail'), <i>moqu-ɣar</i>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Mongol" title="Middle Mongol">Middle Mongol</a> <span title="Middle Mongolian-language romanization"><i lang="xng-Latn">muqular</i></span> 'hornless', <i>moqo-dag</i> 'blunt'; all of those are from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Mongolic">Proto-Mongolic</a> *<i>muqu</i> 'to be cut off, break off, fall off', which in turn would produce the semantic variation 'blunt ~ hornless ~ hairless ~ bald').<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clan_name">Clan name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Clan name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_clan#Origin" title="Yujiulü clan">Yujiulü clan § Origin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC" title="Yujiulü">Yujiulü</a></div> <p>According to the Book of Wei, the dynasty founded by Mugulü's descendants was called <i>Yujiulü</i>, which sounds superficially like <i>Mugulü</i>, and thus the <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_clan" title="Yujiulü clan">Yujiulü clan</a> (郁久閭氏, reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a>: <i>ʔjuk kjǝu ljwo</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) emerged.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_R%C3%B3na-Tas" title="András Róna-Tas">Róna-Tas</a> suggests that Yujiulü rendered *<i>ugur(i)</i> > <i>Uğur</i>, a secondary form of <a href="/wiki/Oghur_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oghur (tribe)">Oğur</a>.;<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_B._Golden" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter B. Golden">Peter B. Golden</a> additionally proposes connection with Turkic <i>uğurluğ</i> "feasible, opportune", later "auspicious fortunate" or <i>oğrï</i> "thief", an etymology more suited to the dynasty's founder's activities; additionally Yujiulü may be comparable to <a href="/wiki/Middle_Mongolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Mongolian">Middle Mongolian</a> <i>uğuli</i> "owl" (> <a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongolian" title="Khalkha Mongolian">Khalkha</a> ууль <i>uul'</i>), as personal names based on bird names are common in <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Shelun" title="Yujiulü Shelun">Yujiulü Shelun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anagui" title="Yujiulü Anagui">Yujiulü Anagui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Dengshuzi" title="Yujiulü Dengshuzi">Yujiulü Dengshuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Liwei" title="Tuoba Liwei">Tuoba Liwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Tuoba clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rourans" class="mw-redirect" title="Rourans">Rourans</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succession">Succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Mugulü </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_clan" title="Yujiulü clan">Yujiulü clan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouran">Rouran</a> tribe</b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> <a href="/wiki/3rd_century" title="3rd century">3rd century</a>, before 277</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> <a href="/wiki/4th_century" title="4th century">4th century</a>, 316 or after 330</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>None, title created</i></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Tribal chief of Rourans </b><br />330–? </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Cheluhui" title="Yujiulü Cheluhui">Yujiulü Cheluhui</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFГ._Сүхбаатар1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Г. Сүхбаатар (1992). "Монгол Нирун улс" [Mongol Nirun (<a href="/wiki/Rouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouran">Rouran</a>) state]. <i>Монголын эртний түүх судлал, III боть</i> [<i>Historiography of Ancient Mongolia, Volume III</i>] (in Mongolian). Vol. 3. pp. 330–550.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD+%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD+%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%2C+III+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8C&rft.pages=330-550&rft.date=1992&rft.au=%D0%93.+%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMugul%C3%BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vol._103-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vol._103_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vol._103_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vol._103_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weishu <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">vol. 103</a> 始神元之末，掠騎有得一奴 tr. "In the beginning of the end of the <a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Liwei" title="Tuoba Liwei">Shenyuan</a>, a [Tuoba] raider cavalryman acquired a slave"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Benjamin_Golden" title="Peter Benjamin Golden">Golden, Peter B.</a> "Some Notes on the Avars and Rouran", in <i>The Steppe Lands and the World beyond Them</i>. Ed. Curta, Maleon. Iași (2013). p. 54-56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Weishu</i> <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">vol. 103 section "Ruru"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kradin-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kradin_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kradin_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKradin2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Kradin" title="Nikolay Kradin">Kradin NN</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23658732">"From Tribal Confederation to Empire: The Evolution of the Rouran Society"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Orientalia_Academiae_Scientiarum_Hungaricae" title="Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae">Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae</a></i>. <b>58</b> (2): 159. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1556%2FAOrient.58.2005.2.3">10.1556/AOrient.58.2005.2.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23658732">23658732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Orientalia+Academiae+Scientiarum+Hungaricae&rft.atitle=From+Tribal+Confederation+to+Empire%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+Rouran+Society&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=159&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1556%2FAOrient.58.2005.2.3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23658732%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kradin&rft.aufirst=Nikolay+Nikolaevich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23658732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMugul%C3%BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2010" class="citation book cs1">West, Barbara A. (19 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000west/page/688/mode/2up"><i>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. pp. 686–687. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1913-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1913-7"><bdi>978-1-4381-1913-7</bdi></a>. <q>Yujiulu Mugulu, the grandfather of Yujiulu Shelun, who was the first to unite the various Rouran clans, is believed to have been a slave of the Xianbei...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.pages=686-687&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010-05-19&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1913-7&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Barbara+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofpe0000west%2Fpage%2F688%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMugul%C3%BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Benjamin_Golden" title="Peter Benjamin Golden">Golden, Peter B.</a> "Some Notes on the Avars and Rouran", in <i>The Steppe Lands and the World beyond Them</i>. Ed. Curta, Maleon. Iași (2013). p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wei_Shou" title="Wei Shou">Wei Shou</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wei" title="Book of Wei">Book of Wei</a></i>. Vol. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrousset1970" class="citation book cs1">Grousset, Rene (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/60"><i>The Empire of the Steppes</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/60">60–65</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9"><bdi>0-8135-1304-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+the+Steppes&rft.pages=60-65&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-8135-1304-9&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Rene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempireofsteppesh00prof%2Fpage%2F60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMugul%C3%BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolcombe2001" class="citation book cs1">Holcombe, Charles (2001). <i>The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C. - A.D. 907</i>. p. 131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genesis+of+East+Asia%3A+221+B.C.+-+A.D.+907&rft.pages=131&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Holcombe&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMugul%C3%BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTseng2012" class="citation thesis cs1">Tseng, Chin Yin (2012). <i>The Making of the Tuoba Northern Wei: Constructing Material Cultural Expressions in the Northern Wei Pingcheng Period (398-494 CE)</i> (PhD). University of Oxford. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Making+of+the+Tuoba+Northern+Wei%3A+Constructing+Material+Cultural+Expressions+in+the+Northern+Wei+Pingcheng+Period+%28398-494+CE%29&rft.inst=University+of+Oxford&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Tseng&rft.aufirst=Chin+Yin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMugul%C3%BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171118181857/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~earlychina/docs/2008/ec25_pulleyblank.pdf">"Ji 姬 and Jiang 姜: The Role of Exogamic Clans in the Organization of the Zhou Polity"</a>, <i>Early China</i>. p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weishu <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">vol. 103</a>. The phrase "木骨閭既壯" is translatable as literally "Mugulü, because of [his] robustness", or - figuratively - "Mugulü, because of [his] maturity"; cf. <i><a href="/wiki/Liji" class="mw-redirect" title="Liji">Liji</a></i> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctext.org/liji/qu-li-i">Quli I</a> txt: "三十曰壯" tr: "When he is thirty, we say, 'He is at his maturity;'" by James Legge</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weishu <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">vol. 103</a> "免奴為騎卒。穆帝時" tr. "[he was] release[d] from slavery and made a cavalry soldier, during the time of Emperor Mu (of <a href="/wiki/Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Dai</a>)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weishu <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">vol. 103</a> "坐後期當斬"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">依紇突隣部　諸本及北史卷九八蠕蠕傳「紇」作「純」。按本卷高車傳末即附有紇突隣部，卷二太祖紀登國五年五月及十二月、皇始二年二月見此部，都作「紇突隣」，「純」乃形近而訛，今改正。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeishu554Vol._103-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeishu554Vol._103_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeishu554Vol._103_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeishu554">Weishu 554</a>, Vol. 103.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFWeishu554 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weishu <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">vol. 103</a> "亡匿廣漠谿谷間, 逋逃得百餘人</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weishu <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">vol. 103, Ruru</a> "依<b>紇</b>突隣部" tr. "[They] relied on the Hetulin tribe"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The corresponding passage in <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Northern_Dynasties" title="History of the Northern Dynasties">Beishi</a> <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7098#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">vol. 98 Ruru</a> reads "依<b>純</b>突鄰部" tr. "[They] relied on the Chuntulin tribe" or "[They] relied on the pure Tulin tribe"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both Weishu, <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E9%AB%98%E8%BB%8A">Vol. 103, Gaoche</a> and Beishi <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7098#%E9%AB%98%E8%BB%8A">Vol. 98, Gaoche</a> have "又有<b>紇</b>突隣" tr. "[There] were also the Hetulin tribe"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBozan1962225-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBozan1962225_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBozan1962">Bozan 1962</a>, p. 225.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFBozan1962 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee201551–52-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee201551–52_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2015">Lee 2015</a>, pp. 51–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPohl201833-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPohl201833_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPohl201833_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPohl2018">Pohl 2018</a>, p. 33.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFPohl2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Weishu</i> <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103">Vol. 103</a> "木骨閭死，子車鹿會雄健，始有部眾，<b>自號柔然</b>" "Mugulü died; [his] son Cheluhui, virile and robust, began to gather the tribal multitude, [his/their] <b>self-appellation Rouran</b>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weishu, <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103">vol. 103</a> "車鹿會既為部帥，歲貢馬畜、貂豽皮，冬則徙度漠南，夏則還居漠北。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Weishu</i> <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103">Vol. 103</a> "而役屬於國。" tr. "yet [Cheluhui/Rouran] [was/were] vassal(s) of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">(our) state</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grousset_1970_pp._61,_585-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grousset_1970_pp._61,_585_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset (1970), pp. 61, 585, n. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Weishu</i> <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">vol. 103</a> "其主字之曰木骨閭。「木骨閭」者，首禿也。"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Weishu</i>, <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">"Vol. 103"</a> "髮始齊眉 [...] 首禿也"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Weishu</i> <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">Vol. 103</a> "髮始齊眉"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">vol. 103</a> "忘本姓名"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">白鳥庫吉 1910; 内田吟風 1971: 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGinfu1971218,_note_4-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGinfu1971218,_note_4_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGinfu1971">Ginfu 1971</a>, p. 218, note 4.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFGinfu1971 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vovin, Alexander. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/6269113/Once_again_on_the_tabghach_language">"Once again on the Tabγač language"</a>, <i>Mongolian Studies</i>, XXIX: 200-202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolden2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_B._Golden" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter B. Golden">Golden, Peter B.</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/empires-and-exchanges-in-eurasian-late-antiquity/stateless-nomads-of-central-eurasia/6CAC2325772EE8CD277CF77B4B2BFDC8">"The Stateless Nomads of Central Eurasia"</a>. <i>Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity</i>. pp. 317–332. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781316146040.024">10.1017/9781316146040.024</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781316146040" title="Special:BookSources/9781316146040"><bdi>9781316146040</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Stateless+Nomads+of+Central+Eurasia&rft.btitle=Empires+and+Exchanges+in+Eurasian+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=317-332&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316146040.024&rft.isbn=9781316146040&rft.aulast=Golden&rft.aufirst=Peter+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fempires-and-exchanges-in-eurasian-late-antiquity%2Fstateless-nomads-of-central-eurasia%2F6CAC2325772EE8CD277CF77B4B2BFDC8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMugul%C3%BC" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weishu <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">Vol. 103</a> txt. "木骨閭與郁久閭聲相近，故後子孫因以為氏。" tr. "Mugulü and Yujiulü sound similar; hence [Mugulü's] descendants later used as surname"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2015" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Joo-Yup (2015-12-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PkUpCwAAQBAJ&q=%22Yujiul%C3%BC%22+tribe"><i>Qazaqlïq, or Ambitious Brigandage, and the Formation of the Qazaqs: State and Identity in Post-Mongol Central Eurasia</i></a>. BRILL. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004306493" title="Special:BookSources/9789004306493"><bdi>9789004306493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qazaql%C3%AFq%2C+or+Ambitious+Brigandage%2C+and+the+Formation+of+the+Qazaqs%3A+State+and+Identity+in+Post-Mongol+Central+Eurasia&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2015-12-04&rft.isbn=9789004306493&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Joo-Yup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPkUpCwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Yujiul%25C3%25BC%2522%2Btribe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMugul%C3%BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRóna-Tas,_András.1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_R%C3%B3na-Tas" title="András Róna-Tas">Róna-Tas, András.</a> (1999). <i>Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages : an introduction to early Hungarian history</i>. Budapest: Central European University Press. pp. 210–211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9639116483" title="Special:BookSources/9639116483"><bdi>9639116483</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/654357432">654357432</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungarians+and+Europe+in+the+early+Middle+Ages+%3A+an+introduction+to+early+Hungarian+history&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pages=210-211&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F654357432&rft.isbn=9639116483&rft.au=R%C3%B3na-Tas%2C+Andr%C3%A1s.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMugul%C3%BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Golden, Peter B. "Some Notes on the Avars and Rouran", in <i>The Steppe Lands and the World beyond Them</i>. Ed. Curta, Maleon. Iași (2013). p. 55.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: more formatting and content. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i>Beishi</i> vol. 98 <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7098#%E8%A0%95%E8%A0%95">section "Ruru"</a></li> <li><i>Weishu</i> vol. 103</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Chinese <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="zh" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103" class="extiw" title="s:zh:魏書/卷103"><i>Book of Wei</i>, vol. 103</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Chinese <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="zh" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7159" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑/卷159"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, vol. 159</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Chinese <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="zh" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B786" class="extiw" title="s:zh:北史/卷86"><i>History of the Northern Dynasties</i>, vol. 86</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Chinese <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="zh" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B798" class="extiw" title="s:zh:北史/卷98"><i>History of the Northern Dynasties</i>, vol. 98</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Chinese <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="zh" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7125" class="extiw" title="s:zh:晉書/卷125"><i>Book of Jin</i>, vol. 125</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Donghu_and_Xianbei" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Donghu_and_Xianbei" title="Template:Donghu and Xianbei"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Donghu_and_Xianbei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Donghu and Xianbei (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Donghu_and_Xianbei" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Donghu and Xianbei"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Donghu_and_Xianbei" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Donghu_people" title="Donghu people">Donghu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Empires</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei"> Xianbei (93–234)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran (330–555)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Yan" title="Former Yan">Former Yan (337–370)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yan" title="Western Yan">Western Yan (384–394)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Yan" title="Later Yan">Later Yan (384–409)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Yan" title="Southern Yan">Southern Yan (398–410)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei (386–535)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wei" title="Eastern Wei">Eastern Wei (534–550)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wei" title="Western Wei">Western Wei (535–557)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Qi" title="Northern Qi">Northern Qi (550–577)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Zhou" title="Northern Zhou">Northern Zhou (557–581)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Kingdoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duan_tribe" title="Duan tribe">Duan (250–338)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen" title="Yuwen">Yuwen (260–345)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun" title="Tuyuhun">Tuyuhun (284–670)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Dai (310–376)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Qin" title="Western Qin">Western Qin (385–431)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Southern Liang (397–414)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">Tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donghu_people" title="Donghu people">Donghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhuan" title="Wuhuan">Wuhuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_clan" title="Yujiulü clan">Yujiulü</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_tribe" title="Duan tribe">Duan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen" title="Yuwen">Yuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumo_Xi" title="Kumo Xi">Kumo Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong" title="Murong">Murong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun" title="Tuyuhun">Tuyuhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Tuoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Qin" title="Western Qin">Qifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Tufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiwei_people" title="Shiwei people">Shiwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didouyu" title="Didouyu">Didouyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Yel%C3%BC" title="Yelü">Yelü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanshihuai" title="Tanshihuai">Tanshihuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebineng" title="Kebineng">Kebineng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufa_Shujineng" title="Tufa Shujineng">Tufa Shujineng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Huang" title="Murong Huang">Murong Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Jun" title="Murong Jun">Murong Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Chui" title="Murong Chui">Murong Chui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Ke" title="Murong Ke">Murong Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_De" title="Murong De">Murong De</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Chao" title="Murong Chao">Murong Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yilu" title="Tuoba Yilu">Tuoba Yilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Gui" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuoba Gui">Tuoba Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Tao" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuoba Tao">Tuoba Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Tai" title="Yuwen Tai">Yuwen Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugu_Xin" title="Dugu Xin">Dugu Xin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuchi_Jiong" title="Yuchi Jiong">Yuchi Jiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Zhaojun" title="Lou Zhaojun">Lou Zhaojun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Lingxuan" title="Lu Lingxuan">Lu Lingxuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Hu" title="Yuwen Hu">Yuwen Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Yong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuwen Yong">Yuwen Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Mugul%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Yujiulü Mugulü">Yujiulü Mugulü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Cheluhui" title="Yujiulü Cheluhui">Yujiulü Cheluhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Shelun" title="Yujiulü Shelun">Yujiulü Shelun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Datan" title="Yujiulü Datan">Yujiulü Datan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiulu_Anagui" class="mw-redirect" title="Yujiulu Anagui">Yujiulu Anagui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anluochen" title="Yujiulü Anluochen">Yujiulü Anluochen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Dengshuzi" title="Yujiulü Dengshuzi">Yujiulü Dengshuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugu_Qieluo" title="Dugu Qieluo">Dugu Qieluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuchi_Yichen" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuchi Yichen">Yuchi Yichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Shu" title="Yuwen Shu">Yuwen Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Huaji" title="Yuwen Huaji">Yuwen Huaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Zhiji" title="Yuwen Zhiji">Yuwen Zhiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Zhangsun" title="Empress Zhangsun">Empress Zhangsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangsun_Wuji" title="Zhangsun Wuji">Zhangsun Wuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuchi_Jingde" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuchi Jingde">Yuchi Jingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutu_Tong" title="Qutu Tong">Qutu Tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangsun_Shunde" title="Zhangsun Shunde">Zhangsun Shunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Shiji" title="Yuwen Shiji">Yuwen Shiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Zhining" title="Yu Zhining">Yu Zhining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Zhen" title="Yuan Zhen">Yuan Zhen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongols" title="Proto-Mongols">Proto-Mongols</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Mongol_ethnic_groups" title="Template:Mongol ethnic groups">Mongol ethnic groups</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Yujiulü_clan_of_Rouran_tribeKhagans_of_Rouran_(includes_chieftains,_members,_noblemen,_consorts_and_descendants)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rouran_rulers" title="Template:Rouran rulers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rouran_rulers" title="Template talk:Rouran rulers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rouran_rulers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rouran rulers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Yujiulü_clan_of_Rouran_tribeKhagans_of_Rouran_(includes_chieftains,_members,_noblemen,_consorts_and_descendants)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_clan" title="Yujiulü clan">Yujiulü clan</a> of Rouran tribe<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate#Rulers_of_the_Rouran" title="Rouran Khaganate">Khagans</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran</a> (includes chieftains, members, noblemen, consorts and descendants)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Pre-khaganate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unified rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Mugul%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Yujiulü Mugulü">Mugulü</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Cheluhui" title="Yujiulü Cheluhui">Cheluhui</a>→<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Tunugui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Tunugui (page does not exist)">Tunugui</a>→<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Bati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Bati (page does not exist)">Bati</a>→<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Disuyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Disuyuan (page does not exist)">Disuyuan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divided rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Pihouba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Pihouba (page does not exist)">Pihouba</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Wenheti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Wenheti (page does not exist)">Wenheti</a>→<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Heduohan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Heduohan (page does not exist)">Heduohan</a>&<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Shelun" title="Yujiulü Shelun">Shelun</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Re-unified rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Heduohan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Heduohan (page does not exist)">Heduohan</a>&<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Shelun" title="Yujiulü Shelun">Shelun</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Epitaph_of_Furen.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Epitaph of Yujiulü Furen (郁久闾伏仁), died on 29 November 586"><img alt="Epitaph of Yujiulü Furen (郁久闾伏仁), died on 29 November 586" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Epitaph_of_Furen.png/100px-Epitaph_of_Furen.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Epitaph_of_Furen.png/150px-Epitaph_of_Furen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Epitaph_of_Furen.png/200px-Epitaph_of_Furen.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="592" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Former Khaganate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Unified_rule(fanli)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unified rule<br /><small>(<i>fanli</i>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Shelun" title="Yujiulü Shelun">Shelun</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Hul%C3%BC" title="Yujiulü Hulü">Hulü</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Buluzhen" title="Yujiulü Buluzhen">Buluzhen</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Datan" title="Yujiulü Datan">Datan</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Wuti" title="Yujiulü Wuti">Wuti</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Tuhezhen" title="Yujiulü Tuhezhen">Tuhezhen</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Yucheng" title="Yujiulü Yucheng">Yucheng</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Doulun" title="Yujiulü Doulun">Doulun</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Nagai" title="Yujiulü Nagai">Nagai</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Middle Khaganate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unified rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Futu" title="Yujiulü Futu">Futu</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Chounu" title="Yujiulü Chounu">Chounu</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anagui" title="Yujiulü Anagui">Anagui</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Poluomen" title="Yujiulü Poluomen">Poluomen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divided rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ejin_Banner" title="Ejin Banner">Xihai</a> rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Poluomen" title="Yujiulü Poluomen">Poluomen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guyang_County" title="Guyang County">Huaishuo</a> rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anagui" title="Yujiulü Anagui">Anagui</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Re-unified rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anagui" title="Yujiulü Anagui">Anagui</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Later Khaganate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Divided_rule" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divided rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Tiefa" title="Yujiulü Tiefa">Tiefa</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Dengzhu" title="Yujiulü Dengzhu">Dengzhu</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Kangti" title="Yujiulü Kangti">Kangti</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anluochen" title="Yujiulü Anluochen">Anluochen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Dengshuzi" title="Yujiulü Dengshuzi">Dengshuzi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Members, noblemen, consorts<br /> and descendants of the Yujiulü clan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puhun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puhun (page does not exist)">Puhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consort_Yujiul%C3%BC_(Northern_Yan)" title="Consort Yujiulü (Northern Yan)">Zhaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Zuo_Zhaoyi" title="Lu Zuo Zhaoyi">Zuo Zhaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consort_Yujiul%C3%BC_(Northern_Yan)" title="Consort Yujiulü (Northern Yan)">Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yu" title="Tuoba Yu">Tuoba Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Pi" title="Lü Pi">Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yujiul%C3%BC_Ruowen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yujiulü Ruowen (page does not exist)">Ruowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ruru" title="Princess Ruru">Ruru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Linhe" title="Princess Linhe">Chidilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Yujiul%C3%BC" title="Empress Yujiulü">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Furen" title="Yujiulü Furen">Furen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ru_Zhijuan" title="Ru Zhijuan">Ru Zhijuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Anyi" title="Wang Anyi">Wang Anyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afuzhiluo" title="Afuzhiluo">Afuzhiluo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axian_Shad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axian Shad (page does not exist)">Ashina Natalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumin_Qaghan" title="Bumin Qaghan">Ashina Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqan_Qaghan" title="Muqan Qaghan">Ashina Yandou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanwu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei">Tuoba Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaoming_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei">Tuoba Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Western_Wei" title="Emperor Wen of Western Wei">Tuoba Baoju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Puliuru Jian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:transparent; padding:0;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Mugul%C3%BC#Descendants_of_Mugulü" class="mw-redirect" title="Yujiulü Mugulü">Family tree</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC" title="Yujiulü">Surname list</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Yujiul%C3%BC_clan" title="Category:Yujiulü clan">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sixteen_Kingdoms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:16_Kingdoms" title="Template:16 Kingdoms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:16_Kingdoms" title="Template talk:16 Kingdoms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:16_Kingdoms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:16 Kingdoms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sixteen_Kingdoms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upheaval_of_the_Five_Barbarians" title="Upheaval of the Five Barbarians">Upheaval of the Five Barbarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_of_Yongjia" title="Disaster of Yongjia">Disaster of Yongjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Zhao" title="Later Zhao">Shi Le's conquest of North China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ran_Wei%E2%80%93Later_Zhao_War" title="Ran Wei–Later Zhao War">Wei–Zhao War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Ran_Wei_by_Former_Yan" title="Conquest of Ran Wei by Former Yan">Conquest of Wei by Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huan_Wen%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Huan Wen's Northern Expeditions">Huan Wen's Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Fu Jian's unification of North China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fei_River" title="Battle of Fei River">Battle of Fei River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yu%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Liu Yu's Northern Expeditions">Liu Yu's Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei's unification of North China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The 16 Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han-Zhao" title="Han-Zhao">Han-Zhao (304–329)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Liang" title="Northern Liang">Northern Liang (397–460)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Xia (407–431)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Di_(Five_Barbarians)" title="Di (Five Barbarians)">Di</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheng-Han" title="Cheng-Han">Cheng-Han (304–347)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Former Qin (351–394)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Later Liang (386–403)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Jie_people" title="Jie people">Jie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Later_Zhao" title="Later Zhao">Later Zhao (319–351)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_Yan" title="Former Yan">Former Yan (337–370)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Yan" title="Later Yan">Later Yan (384–409)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Qin" title="Western Qin">Western Qin (385–431)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Southern Liang (397–414)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Yan" title="Southern Yan">Southern Yan (398–410)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Qiang_(historical_people)" title="Qiang (historical people)">Qiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Later_Qin" title="Later Qin">Later Qin (384–417)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_Liang" title="Former Liang">Former Liang (318–376)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Western Liang (400–421)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yan" title="Northern Yan">Northern Yan (407–436)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Short-lived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ran_Wei" title="Ran Wei">Ran Wei (350–352)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_Kan" title="Duan Kan">Duan Qi (350–356)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yan" title="Western Yan">Western Yan (384–394)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhai_Wei" title="Zhai Wei">Zhai Wei (388–392)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huan_Xuan" title="Huan Xuan">Huan Chu (403–404)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Zong" title="Qiao Zong">Qiao Shu (405–413)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen" title="Yuwen">Yuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_tribe" title="Duan tribe">Duan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chouchi" title="Chouchi">Chouchi (296–580)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Dai (310–376)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei (386–535)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Involved</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_people" title="Jie people">Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_(historical_people)" title="Qiang (historical people)">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di_(Five_Barbarians)" title="Di (Five Barbarians)">Di</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuan_(Han-Zhao)" title="Liu Yuan (Han-Zhao)">Liu Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Cong_(Han-Zhao)" title="Liu Cong (Han-Zhao)">Liu Cong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Le" title="Shi Le">Shi Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Hu" title="Shi Hu">Shi Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ran_Min" title="Ran Min">Ran Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huan_Wen" title="Huan Wen">Huan Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Jian_(337%E2%80%93385)" title="Fu Jian (337–385)">Fu Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Meng_(Former_Qin)" title="Wang Meng (Former Qin)">Wang Meng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Chui" title="Murong Chui">Murong Chui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Xing" title="Yao Xing">Yao Xing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daowu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei">Tuoba Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taiwu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei">Tuoba Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Song" title="Emperor Wu of Song">Liu Yu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Histories of the Era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Annals_of_the_Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms">Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jin" title="Book of Jin">Book of Jin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Mugulü</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mugul%C3%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Mugulü">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mugul%C3%BC" class="extiw" title="c:Special:Search/Mugulü">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mugul%C3%BC" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Mugulü">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mugul%C3%BC" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Mugulü">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mugul%C3%BC" class="extiw" title="voy:Special:Search/Mugulü">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mugulü&oldid=1257380504">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mugulü&oldid=1257380504</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:3rd-century_Chinese_people" title="Category:3rd-century Chinese people">3rd-century Chinese people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Xianbei" title="Category:Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Central_Asia" title="Category:Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asia" title="Category:East Asia">East Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:3rd-century_births" title="Category:3rd-century births">3rd-century births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:4th-century_deaths" title="Category:4th-century deaths">4th-century deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Legendary_monarchs" title="Category:Legendary monarchs">Legendary monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inner_Asia" title="Category:Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Khagans_of_the_Rouran" title="Category:Khagans of the Rouran">Khagans of the Rouran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Donghu_people" title="Category:Donghu people">Donghu people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mongolian_nobility" title="Category:Mongolian nobility">Mongolian nobility</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Founding_monarchs" title="Category:Founding monarchs">Founding monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:4th-century_Chinese_monarchs" title="Category:4th-century Chinese monarchs">4th-century Chinese monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Legendary_Chinese_people" title="Category:Legendary Chinese people">Legendary Chinese people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tengrist_monarchs" title="Category:Tengrist monarchs">Tengrist monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mongol_mythology" title="Category:Mongol mythology">Mongol mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sixteen_Kingdoms_nobility" title="Category:Sixteen Kingdoms nobility">Sixteen Kingdoms nobility</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sixteen_Kingdoms_monarchs" title="Category:Sixteen Kingdoms monarchs">Sixteen Kingdoms monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Category:Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_escapees" title="Category:Chinese escapees">Chinese escapees</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Mongolian-language_sources_(mn)" title="Category:CS1 Mongolian-language sources (mn)">CS1 Mongolian-language sources (mn)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_categories_from_September_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional categories from September 2021">Articles needing additional categories from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_August_2020" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from August 2020">Articles lacking reliable references from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Mongolian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Mongolian-language text">Articles containing Mongolian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:S-bef:_%27before%27_parameter_includes_the_word_%27created%27" title="Category:S-bef: 'before' parameter includes the word 'created'">S-bef: 'before' parameter includes the word 'created'</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_August_2021" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from August 2021">Articles to be expanded from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_unknown" title="Category:Place of birth unknown">Place of birth unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_uncertain" title="Category:Year of birth uncertain">Year of birth uncertain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_death_uncertain" title="Category:Year of death uncertain">Year of death uncertain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Place_of_death_unknown" title="Category:Place of death unknown">Place of death unknown</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 November 2024, at 16:44<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mugul%C3%BC&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-6ng6l","wgBackendResponseTime":187,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.806","walltime":"0.984","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5386,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":170526,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13302,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":105048,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 869.918 1 -total"," 22.44% 195.183 3 Template:Infobox"," 21.42% 186.300 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 15.51% 134.917 2 Template:Reflist"," 12.87% 111.971 12 Template:Navbox"," 12.46% 108.406 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese"," 10.75% 93.486 7 Template:Cite_book"," 9.84% 85.601 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 9.03% 78.589 1 Template:Subject_bar"," 8.58% 74.598 1 Template:Donghu_and_Xianbei"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.516","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18823283,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFGolden2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrousset1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolcombe2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKradin2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRóna-Tas,_András.1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTseng2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFГ._Сүхбаатар1992\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"16 Kingdoms\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Mugulu, Yujiulu\"] = 1,\n [\"Donghu and Xianbei\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Improve categories\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Chinese\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox royalty\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple issues\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rouran rulers\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-hou\"] = 1,\n [\"S-reg\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 7,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Stack begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Stack end\"] = 1,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreliable sources\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisourcelang\"] = 5,\n [\"Zh\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-rjgvs","timestamp":"20241130123645","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mugul\u00fc","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mugul%C3%BC","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1031620","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1031620","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2020-08-09T20:45:11Z","dateModified":"2024-11-14T16:44:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b4\/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD.png","headline":"Chinese chieftain and warrior"}</script> </body> </html>