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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Algemeen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Algemeen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Algemeen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Algemeen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neuronen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neuronen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Neuronen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neuronen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signaaloverdracht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signaaloverdracht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Signaaloverdracht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signaaloverdracht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neurofysiologie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 40 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तंत्रिका शरीर विज्ञान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तंत्रिका शरीर विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="علم الوظائف العصبية للأعضاء – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الوظائف العصبية للأعضاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyrofiziologiya" title="Neyrofiziologiya – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neyrofiziologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нейрафізіялогія – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нейрафізіялогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Неврофизиология – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неврофизиология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofisiologia" title="Neurofisiologia – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Neurofisiologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofyziologie" title="Neurofyziologie – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neurofyziologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofysiologi" title="Neurofysiologi – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Neurofysiologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophysiologie" title="Neurophysiologie – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neurophysiologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophysiology" title="Neurophysiology – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Neurophysiology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C5%ADrofiziologio" title="Neŭrofiziologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Neŭrofiziologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofisiolog%C3%ADa" title="Neurofisiología – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neurofisiología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofisiologia" title="Neurofisiologia – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Neurofisiologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="فیزیولوژی عصبی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیولوژی عصبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofysiologia" title="Neurofysiologia – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neurofysiologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophysiologie" title="Neurophysiologie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Neurophysiologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9araifhiseola%C3%ADocht" title="Néaraifhiseolaíocht – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Néaraifhiseolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="נוירופיזיולוגיה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוירופיזיולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तंत्रिका-क्रियाविज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तंत्रिका-क्रियाविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Նյարդաֆիզիոլոգիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյարդաֆիզիոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofisiologi" title="Neurofisiologi – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Neurofisiologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofisiologia" title="Neurofisiologia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neurofisiologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ნეიროფიზიოლოგია – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეიროფიზიოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EC%83%9D%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="신경생리학 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신경생리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofiziologija" title="Neurofiziologija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neurofiziologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF" title="ന്യൂറോഫിസിയോളജി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ന്യൂറോഫിസിയോളജി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevrofysiologi" title="Nevrofysiologi – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nevrofysiologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofizjologia" title="Neurofizjologia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neurofizjologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofisiologia" title="Neurofisiologia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Neurofisiologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofiziologie" title="Neurofiziologie – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Neurofiziologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нейрофизиология – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нейрофизиология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofyziol%C3%B3gia" title="Neurofyziológia – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Neurofyziológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Неурофизиологија – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Неурофизиологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofysiologi" title="Neurofysiologi – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neurofysiologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6rofizyoloji" title="Nörofizyoloji – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nörofizyoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нейрофізіологія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нейрофізіологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyrofiziologiya" title="Neyrofiziologiya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Neyrofiziologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_l%C3%BD_h%E1%BB%8Dc_th%E1%BA%A7n_kinh" title="Sinh lý học thần kinh – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh lý học thần kinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="神经生理学 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="神经生理学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="神經生理學 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="神經生理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q660910#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" 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class="mw-redirect" title="Zenuwfysiologie">Zenuwfysiologie</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p>De <b>neurofysiologie</b> of <b>zenuwfysiologie</b> is de <a href="/wiki/Neurowetenschap" title="Neurowetenschap">neurowetenschap</a> die de <a href="/wiki/Fysiologie" title="Fysiologie">werking en functies</a> van het <a href="/wiki/Zenuwstelsel" title="Zenuwstelsel">zenuwstelsel</a> bestudeert. Neurofysiologisch onderzoek wordt gedaan met behulp van een breed scala aan wetenschappelijke technieken, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Patch-clamptechniek" title="Patch-clamptechniek">patch-clamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektrofysiologie" title="Elektrofysiologie">elektrofysiologische opnames</a>, registratie van lokale veldpotentialen, <a href="/wiki/Optogenetica" title="Optogenetica">optogenetica</a>, maar ook bepaalde methoden uit de <a href="/wiki/Moleculaire_biologie" title="Moleculaire biologie">moleculaire biologie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Biofysica" title="Biofysica">biofysica</a>. </p><p>Neurofysiologie is een <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinariteit" title="Interdisciplinariteit">interdisciplinaire</a> wetenschap waarbij veel deelgebieden van de biologie zijn betrokken (zoals <a href="/wiki/Endocrinologie" title="Endocrinologie">endocrinologie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Neuroanatomie" title="Neuroanatomie">neuroanatomie</a>) en gedragswetenschappen (<a href="/wiki/Neuropsychologie" title="Neuropsychologie">neuropsychologie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrie" title="Psychiatrie">psychiatrie</a>) in het bijzonder. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Algemeen">Algemeen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofysiologie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Algemeen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofysiologie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Algemeen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neuronen">Neuronen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofysiologie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Neuronen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofysiologie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Neuronen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het zenuwstelsel bestaat uit twee soorten <a href="/wiki/Neuron" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuron">neuronen</a>: neuronen die beweging mogelijk maken en neuronen die informatie verzamelen. Deze twee werken nauw samen. Het ene neuron geeft bijvoorbeeld het signaal <i>pijn</i> door aan een ander neuron, dat dit weer doorgeeft aan het <a href="/wiki/Centraal_zenuwstelsel" title="Centraal zenuwstelsel">centraal zenuwstelsel</a>, dat dan via neuronen een signaal geeft aan de <a href="/wiki/Spier_(anatomie)" title="Spier (anatomie)">spieren</a>, zodat deze samentrekken met als gevolg een snel terugtrekken van de hand die immers de pijnbron vertegenwoordigt. </p><p>Het doorgeven van deze informatie gaat via lange celuitlopers, <a href="/wiki/Axon" title="Axon">axonen</a> genoemd. Een <a href="/wiki/Zenuw" title="Zenuw">zenuw</a> bestaat uit bundels axonen. Neuronen zijn verspreid over een groot deel van een lichaam, maar concentreren zich in <a href="/wiki/Hersenen" title="Hersenen">hersenen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ruggenmerg" title="Ruggenmerg">ruggenmerg</a>. Er zijn neuronen die zelfstandig waarnemen en verwerken, naast veel neuronen die informatie <i>vervoeren</i>. Ook regelen neuronen soms processen aan de hand van informatie die ze van andere neuronen ontvangen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signaaloverdracht">Signaaloverdracht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofysiologie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Signaaloverdracht" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofysiologie&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Signaaloverdracht"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De actieve signalen die vervoerd worden (in langsrichting) per zenuwbaan/neuronen/axonen zijn van aard geen signalen bestaande uit dynamische elektrische signalen, maar bestaan uit gevolgen van signaaloverdracht door middel van <a href="/wiki/Statische_elektriciteit" title="Statische elektriciteit">statische elektriciteit</a>. Signaaloverdracht is mogelijk doordat alle kleinste deeltjes binnen een zenuwbaan (zonder signaalaanbod) in de lengterichting totaal in elektrostatisch evenwicht zijn, waardoor tussen begin en eind in rust geen signaal wordt afgegeven. Signaal dat aan het begin van een keten wordt aangeboden, verstoort het statisch evenwicht van deze keten, waardoor aan het eind van de keten het aangeboden signaal kan worden afgenomen. </p><p>Inwendig in de keten is signaaloverdracht mogelijk doordat in de keten tussen de kleinste deeltjes een elektrostatisch evenwicht heerst dat alleen voor korte tijd te verstoren is door signaalaanbod. De <a href="/wiki/Myeline" title="Myeline">myeline</a> vormt een degelijke isolatie voor de inwendige processen binnen de zenuwbaan, waardoor signaaltransport onbeschadigd wordt vervoerd. Beschadiging van de myeline beschadigt de kwaliteit van de signaaloverdracht, doordat het statisch elektrisch evenwicht op de plaats van de beschadiging is verstoord. Alle kleine deeltjes welke voor signaaloverdracht zorgen, hebben hun eigen massa en hun eigen <a href="/wiki/Resonantie_(natuurkunde)" title="Resonantie (natuurkunde)">resonantiefrequentie</a>. Hierbij is het <a href="/wiki/Frequentie" title="Frequentie">trillingsgetal</a> van de kleinste deeltjes in langsrichting lager door de grotere omlooptijd en hoger in de dwarsdoorsnede door de kortere omlooptijd. Bij volwassenen wordt bij een diameter van een <a href="/wiki/Axon" title="Axon">axon</a> van 50 <a href="/wiki/Micrometer_(eenheid)" title="Micrometer (eenheid)">µm</a> een resonantiefrequentie van plusminus 220 <a href="/wiki/Kilohertz" title="Kilohertz">kHz</a> verondersteld. </p><p>Door het uitwendig aanbrengen van een <a href="/wiki/Sinus_(elektrisch)" title="Sinus (elektrisch)">sinusvormig</a> signaal rond de resonantiefrequentie op de signaalvervoerende zenuwbaan, kan het elektrostatisch evenwicht tijdelijk verstoord worden, waardoor normale signaaloverdracht tot vele weken belangrijk verminderd kan worden. Hiermede kan pijnbestrijding worden verwezenlijkt. </p><p>De axonen worden beschermd door de myeline, en iedere mechanische beweging van het axon wordt gedempt door de myeline. Maar de massa van axonen verschilt van die van myeline. Hierdoor kan het aanleggen van een (elektrodynamische) spanning rond de resonantiefrequentie een mechanische beweging in gang zetten, waardoor <a href="/wiki/Depolarisatie_(biologie)" title="Depolarisatie (biologie)">depolarisatie</a> in de signaalvervoerende zenuwbaan ontstaat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofysiologie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofysiologie&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektrofysiologie" title="Elektrofysiologie">Elektrofysiologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersenen" 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mw-collapsible-content"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:17em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Biochemie" title="Biochemie">Biochemie</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fysiologie" title="Fysiologie">fysiologie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bioanorganische_chemie" title="Bioanorganische chemie">Bioanorganische chemie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biofysica" title="Biofysica">Biofysica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Celfysiologie" title="Celfysiologie">Celfysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elektrofysiologie" title="Elektrofysiologie">Elektrofysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Endocrinologie" title="Endocrinologie">Endocrinologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Glycobiologie" title="Glycobiologie">Glycobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Immunologie" title="Immunologie">Immunologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Immuunhistochemie" title="Immuunhistochemie">Immuunhistochemie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klinische_biologie" title="Klinische biologie">Klinische biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moleculaire_biologie" title="Moleculaire biologie">Moleculaire biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neurobiologie" title="Neurobiologie">Neurobiologie</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neurofysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ontwikkelingsfysiologie" title="Ontwikkelingsfysiologie">Ontwikkelingsfysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantenfysiologie" title="Plantenfysiologie">Plantenfysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Radiobiologie" title="Radiobiologie">Radiobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spierfysiologie" title="Spierfysiologie">Spierfysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toxicologie" title="Toxicologie">Toxicologie</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Genetica" title="Genetica">Genetica</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Cytogenetica" title="Cytogenetica">Cytogenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Epigenetica" title="Epigenetica">Epigenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Farmacogenetica" title="Farmacogenetica">Farmacogenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gedragsgenetica" title="Gedragsgenetica">Gedragsgenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Genomica" title="Genomica">Genomica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Optogenetica" title="Optogenetica">Optogenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paleogenetica" title="Paleogenetica">Paleogenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Populatiegenetica" title="Populatiegenetica">Populatiegenetica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Synthetische_biologie" title="Synthetische biologie">Synthetische biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toxicogenomica" title="Toxicogenomica">Toxicogenomica</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Morfologie_(biologie)" title="Morfologie (biologie)">Morfologie</a> & <a href="/wiki/Anatomie" title="Anatomie">anatomie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Celbiologie" title="Celbiologie">Celbiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Embryologie" title="Embryologie">Embryologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Histologie" title="Histologie">Histologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Morfologie_(biologie)" title="Morfologie (biologie)">Morfologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ontwikkelingsbiologie" title="Ontwikkelingsbiologie">Ontwikkelingsbiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantenanatomie" title="Plantenanatomie">Plantenanatomie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantenmorfologie" title="Plantenmorfologie">Plantenmorfologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B6tomie" title="Zoötomie">Zoötomie</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie">Ecologie</a> & <a href="/wiki/Gedrag" title="Gedrag">gedrag</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Aerobiologie" title="Aerobiologie">Aerobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Astrobiologie" title="Astrobiologie">Astrobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Epidemiologie" title="Epidemiologie">Epidemiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ecosysteem" title="Ecosysteem">Ecosysteem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ethologie" title="Ethologie">Ethologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fenologie" title="Fenologie">Fenologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hydrobiologie" title="Hydrobiologie">Hydrobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Histologie" title="Histologie">Histologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Levensgemeenschap" title="Levensgemeenschap">Levensgemeenschap</a> · <a href="/wiki/Limnologie" title="Limnologie">Limnologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mariene_biologie" title="Mariene biologie">Mariene biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Populatie_(biologie)" title="Populatie (biologie)">populatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vegetatiezonering_in_gebergten" title="Vegetatiezonering in gebergten">Montane ecologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Parasitologie" title="Parasitologie">Parasitologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Populatiebiologie" title="Populatiebiologie">Populatiebiologie · Populatiedynamica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Syntaxonomie" title="Syntaxonomie">Syntaxonomie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vegetatiekunde" title="Vegetatiekunde">Vegetatiekunde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Voedselketen" title="Voedselketen">Voedselketen</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Systematiek_(biologie)" title="Systematiek (biologie)">Systematiek</a> & <a href="/wiki/Evolutietheorie" title="Evolutietheorie">evolutietheorie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bio-informatica" title="Bio-informatica">Bio-informatica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chemotaxonomie" title="Chemotaxonomie">Chemotaxonomie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cladistiek" title="Cladistiek">Cladistiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fylogenie" title="Fylogenie">Fylogenie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Generatiewisseling" title="Generatiewisseling">Generatiewisseling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kernfasewisseling" title="Kernfasewisseling">Kernfasewisseling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Levenscyclus" title="Levenscyclus">Levenscyclus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Metamorfose_(biologie)" title="Metamorfose (biologie)">Metamorfose</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paleontologie" title="Paleontologie">Paleontologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fylogenetische_stamboom" title="Fylogenetische stamboom">Stamboom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Synthetische_biologie" title="Synthetische biologie">Synthetische biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Systeembiologie" title="Systeembiologie">Systeembiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_(biologie)" title="Taxonomie (biologie)">Taxonomie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Voortplanting_(biologie)" title="Voortplanting (biologie)">Voortplanting</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Bijzondere_biologie" title="Bijzondere biologie">Bijzondere biologie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Arachnologie" title="Arachnologie">Arachnologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Acarologie" title="Acarologie">Acarologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bryologie" title="Bryologie">Bryologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Entomologie" title="Entomologie">Entomologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fycologie" title="Fycologie">Fycologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Herpetologie" title="Herpetologie">Herpetologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ichtyologie" title="Ichtyologie">Ichtyologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lichenologie" title="Lichenologie">Lichenologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malacologie" title="Malacologie">Malacologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mammalogie" title="Mammalogie">Mammalogie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Microbiologie" title="Microbiologie">Microbiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mycologie" title="Mycologie">Mycologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ornithologie" title="Ornithologie">Ornithologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plantkunde" title="Plantkunde">Plantkunde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Varens" title="Varens">Pteridologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Virologie" title="Virologie">Virologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B6logie" title="Zoölogie">Zoölogie</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie">Biogeografie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Biogeologie" title="Biogeologie">Biogeologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eilandbiogeografie" title="Eilandbiogeografie">Eilandbiogeografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Endemie_(biogeografie)" title="Endemie (biogeografie)">Endemisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Floristiek" title="Floristiek">Floristiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kolonisatie_(biologie)" title="Kolonisatie (biologie)">Kolonisatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kosmopolitische_verspreiding" title="Kosmopolitische verspreiding">Kosmopolitische verspreiding</a> · <a href="/wiki/Migratie_(dieren)" title="Migratie (dieren)">Migratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uitsterven" title="Uitsterven">Uitsterven</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verspreidingsgebied" title="Verspreidingsgebied">Verspreidingsgebied</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Mens_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mens (hoofdbetekenis)">Mens</a> & <a href="/wiki/Milieu" title="Milieu">milieu</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Biologische_antropologie" title="Biologische antropologie">Biologische antropologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biologische_psychologie" title="Biologische psychologie">Biologische psychologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biomedische_wetenschappen" title="Biomedische wetenschappen">Biomedische wetenschappen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biotechnologie" title="Biotechnologie">Biotechnologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medische_biologie" title="Medische biologie">Medische biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Menselijke_biologie" title="Menselijke biologie">Menselijke biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Milieubiologie" title="Milieubiologie">Milieubiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Psychobiologie" title="Psychobiologie">Psychobiologie</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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