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id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-防风林" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#防风林"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>防风林</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-防风林-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-侵蚀保护" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#侵蚀保护"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>侵蚀保护</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-侵蚀保护-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关侵蚀保护子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-侵蚀保护-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-实际试验" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#实际试验"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>实际试验</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-实际试验-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-周边径流控制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#周边径流控制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>周边径流控制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-周边径流控制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-盐度控制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#盐度控制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>盐度控制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-盐度控制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-土壤pH值" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#土壤pH值"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>土壤pH值</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-土壤pH值-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-土壤有机物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#土壤有机物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>土壤有机物</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-土壤有机物-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关土壤有机物子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-土壤有机物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-微生物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#微生物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>微生物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-微生物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-菌根" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#菌根"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>菌根</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-菌根-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-土地退化与污染" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#土地退化与污染"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>土地退化与污染</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-土地退化与污染-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-成矿作用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#成矿作用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>成矿作用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-成矿作用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">土壤保護</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。17种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="حفظ التربة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حفظ التربة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodenschutz" title="Bodenschutz – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bodenschutz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_conservation" title="Soil conservation – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Soil conservation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservaci%C3%B3n_del_suelo" title="Conservación del suelo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conservación del suelo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullakaitse" title="Mullakaitse – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mullakaitse" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="حفاظت خاک – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حفاظت خاک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaper%C3%A4nsuojelu" title="Maaperänsuojelu – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maaperänsuojelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_des_sols" title="Conservation des sols – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conservation des sols" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigakafin_%C6%99asa" title="Rigakafin ƙasa – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rigakafin ƙasa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="मृदा संरक्षण – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मृदा संरक्षण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservasi_tanah" title="Konservasi tanah – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konservasi tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landgr%C3%A6%C3%B0sla" title="Landgræðsla – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Landgræðsla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%96%91%EB%B3%B4%EC%A0%84" title="토양보전 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토양보전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="മണ്ണ് സംരക്ഷണം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മണ്ണ് സംരക്ഷണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conserva%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_solo" title="Conservação do solo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conservação do solo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B2" title="Охрана почв – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Охрана почв" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="පාංශු සංරක්ෂණය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පාංශු සංරක්ෂණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q889669#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Rough_translation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-rough_translation" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="翻譯標記"><img alt="翻譯標記" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikipedia:翻譯指引">翻譯</a>品質不佳。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2012年2月17日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>翻譯者可能不熟悉中文或原文語言，也可能使用了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="机器翻译">機器翻譯</a>。請<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit">協助翻譯</a>本條目或重新編寫，并注意避免<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TNESE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TNESE">翻译腔</a>的问题。<b>明顯拙劣</b>的翻譯請改掛<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:D" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:D">d</a>|<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CSD#G13" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CSD">G13</a>}}</code>提交刪除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mmerosionrazorback.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mmerosionrazorback.jpg/250px-Mmerosionrazorback.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mmerosionrazorback.jpg/375px-Mmerosionrazorback.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mmerosionrazorback.jpg/500px-Mmerosionrazorback.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9E%97%E5%8E%BF_(%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E)" title="马林县 (加利福尼亚州)">馬林郡</a>當地土坡的土壤保護</figcaption></figure> <p><b>土壤保護</b>乃防止<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a>因土地過度利用產生土壤<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="侵蚀作用">侵蚀</a>、降低土壤生產力、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96" title="土壤酸化">酸化</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%B9%BD%E5%8C%96" title="土壤鹽化">鹽化</a>或其他類型的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="土壤污染">土壤污染</a>而造成土壤流失的一種保護措施。 </p><p>在一些未開發的國家中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%80%E8%80%95%E7%81%AB%E8%80%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="刀耕火耨">火耕</a>以及其他無法永續發展的耕作技術在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="自給農業">自給農業</a>中經常使用。濫伐森林通常很容易出現大規模的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="侵蚀作用">土壤侵蚀</a>、土壤養分流失，甚至有時還可能造成土地<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0%E5%8C%96" title="沙漠化">荒漠化</a>。 </p><p>可改善土壤的技術包含<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%AA%E4%BD%9C" title="輪作">輪作</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="覆蓋作物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="cover crop"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%86%E8%93%8B%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="覆蓋作物（页面不存在）">覆蓋作物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cover_crop" class="extiw" title="en:cover crop"><span lang="en" dir="auto">cover crop</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E8%80%95%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保育耕作（页面不存在）">保育耕作</a>、栽植<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E9%A2%A8%E6%9E%97" title="防風林">防風林</a>以及其他能影響土壤侵蝕以及土壤生產力的技術等。植物和樹木死亡時腐化，逐漸成為土壤中的一部分。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="防风林"><span id=".E9.98.B2.E9.A3.8E.E6.9E.97"></span>防风林</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：防风林"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>防风林是在有强风的农业用地前密集种植几排或几列树木以防止风力侵蚀。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%B6%A0%E6%A8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="常綠樹">常绿树</a>可以提供常年的保护，但因树叶可以在土地光秃的季节保护土壤，所以<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="落葉樹">落叶树</a>也是可以使用的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="侵蚀保护"><span id=".E4.BE.B5.E8.9A.80.E4.BF.9D.E6.8A.A4"></span>侵蚀保护</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：侵蚀保护"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Contour_plowing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Contour_plowing.jpg/250px-Contour_plowing.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Contour_plowing.jpg/375px-Contour_plowing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Contour_plowing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>1938年在美国宾夕法尼亚州的等高耕作。这些平台在暴风雨来临时可以使水较慢的流动，从而防止土地侵蚀，同时使水能渗入土地</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="实际试验"><span id=".E5.AE.9E.E9.99.85.E8.AF.95.E9.AA.8C"></span>实际试验</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：实际试验"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>几百年来，农民已经尝试过解决土壤侵蚀的问题。他们的方法主要有两大类：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E9%AB%98%E8%80%95%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="等高耕作（页面不存在）">等高耕作</a>和梯田耕作，这些方法也被美国<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%B1%80" title="自然資源保護局">自然资源保护局</a>所推荐使用。等高耕作被古代<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="腓尼基">腓尼基</a>人所使用，他们将斜坡控制在2%到10%之间。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等高耕作由于保留了大量土壤，可以提高亩产10%到50%之间。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p><p>其他还有很多控制侵蚀的方法，例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%80%A7%E8%80%95%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保护性耕作系统（页面不存在）">保护性耕作系统</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E4%BD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="轮作">轮作</a>。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyline%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keyline设计（页面不存在）">Keyline设计</a>是轮作的提高，其中分水岭也被考虑到等高线的测绘上。梯田是对山坡上的农田，在同一高度上制造种植平台。梯田耕作在没有机械化设备的发展中国家小农场中较为常见。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E9%81%8E%E5%A4%9A" title="人口過多">人口过多</a>导致在雨林中<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%80%E8%80%95%E7%81%AB%E7%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="刀耕火种">刀耕火种</a>或进行其他的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="自給農業">自给农业</a>，从而对<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97" title="热带雨林">热带雨林</a>造成破坏。这种滥砍滥伐导致大范围的土地侵蚀，营养流失甚至沙漠化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="周边径流控制"><span id=".E5.91.A8.E8.BE.B9.E5.BE.84.E6.B5.81.E6.8E.A7.E5.88.B6"></span>周边径流控制</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：周边径流控制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>树木，<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8" title="灌木">灌木</a>，和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%A2%AB%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地被植物（页面不存在）">地被植物</a>能通过阻碍表层水的流动而提供有效的径流控制以防止土壤侵蚀。行间种植可以阻止水流过，使水渗透到地面下。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="盐度控制"><span id=".E7.9B.90.E5.BA.A6.E6.8E.A7.E5.88.B6"></span>盐度控制</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：盐度控制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aralship2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Aralship2.jpg/220px-Aralship2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Aralship2.jpg/330px-Aralship2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Aralship2.jpg/440px-Aralship2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="咸海">咸海</a>海底的盐分沉淀</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%9B%90%E5%88%86%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤盐分控制（页面不存在）">土壤盐分控制</a></div> <p>土壤盐度过高是由于用含盐量高的水来灌溉作物而导致。在蒸发的过程中，水蒸发而盐留下，导致了土壤的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E9%B9%BC%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="鹽鹼化">盐碱化</a>。盐碱化使土壤结构破碎，导致肥力下降，无法种植作物。 </p><p>导致土壤盐碱化的离子有： Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>和Cl<sup>-</sup>。盐碱化据估算影响了地球上三分之一的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E8%80%95%E4%BD%9C%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可耕作土地（页面不存在）">可耕作土地</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>土壤盐碱化不利于大多数作物的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%99%B3%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="新陳代謝">新陈代谢</a>，同时土壤侵蚀通常会导致产量降低。盐碱化发生在过量灌溉，地下含盐水水位较高的干燥土地上。因为过量灌溉，盐分由于土壤中的渗水被沉降在上层土壤中。大量的灌溉会导致大量的盐分沉积。最好的这种<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%9B%E7%BB%86%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="毛细效应（页面不存在）">毛细效应</a>的例子发生在1970年<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%97%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%9D%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="阿斯旺大坝">阿斯旺大坝</a>建成后的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>。由建造大坝而造成的地下水位的变化导致水中的盐分含量升高。在建成之后，长期的高水位导致了以前可耕种的土地受到土地盐碱化的影响而无法继续耕种。 </p><p>腐殖酸的使用可能会阻止盐碱化，尤其在过量灌溉的地区。腐殖酸可以减少<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E6%A0%B9%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山根带（页面不存在）">山根带</a>的正负离子数。有一些植物也可以在盐碱地上生长，例如在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="北美">北美</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>地区分布的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A8%E8%97%9C" title="滨藜">滨藜</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="土壤pH值"><span id=".E5.9C.9F.E5.A3.A4pH.E5.80.BC"></span>土壤pH值</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：土壤pH值"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此section<b>没有列出任何<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">参考或来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2011年2月</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>維基百科所有的內容都應該<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a>。请协助補充<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4pH%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="土壤pH值">土壤pH值</a></div> <p>土壤pH的水平在自然水平下就可能对作物生产造成不利影响。但它也可能被<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨">酸雨</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8" title="酸">酸</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1" title="碱">碱</a>造成的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="土壤污染">土壤污染</a>所影响。土壤pH值的作用是控制植物可以利用的营养量。主要的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E9%87%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="宏量元素">宏量元素</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">钙</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">钾</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">镁</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>）在中性或微碱性土壤中更易吸收。钙，镁和钾通常被植物以正<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B" title="離子交換">离子交换</a>的形式吸收。当酸化增加了这些正离子的可获得性后，在植物第一次吸收后，剩余土壤中的正离子营养物质的浓度将会大大降低。pH值与营养的可获得性间没有简单的一个关系，因为土壤种类的复杂，土壤湿度的情况和气象学因素。<br /> </p> <dl><dd><i>See also : <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硫酸化土壤（页面不存在）">硫酸化土壤</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碱性土壤（页面不存在）">碱性土壤</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="土壤有机物"><span id=".E5.9C.9F.E5.A3.A4.E6.9C.89.E6.9C.BA.E7.89.A9"></span>土壤有机物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：土壤有机物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>当微生物排泄<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%B3%84%E7%89%A9" title="排泄物">排泄物</a>时，就建立了一个有利于植物吸收的矿物质与植物营养物质平衡。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>的一项研究表明，土壤中蠕虫的排泄物是周围的150毫米深度内环境能被植物利用的氮的五倍，磷的七倍，钾的十一倍。每条蠕虫每年可排出4.5千克的排泄物。同时，蠕虫通过挖洞，增加了土壤的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%AD%94%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="多孔性">多孔性</a>，制造了能用于通风与排水的孔道。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K_1033CR08-9_Yellow_fungus_on_stalk.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/K_1033CR08-9_Yellow_fungus_on_stalk.jpeg/200px-K_1033CR08-9_Yellow_fungus_on_stalk.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/K_1033CR08-9_Yellow_fungus_on_stalk.jpeg/300px-K_1033CR08-9_Yellow_fungus_on_stalk.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/K_1033CR08-9_Yellow_fungus_on_stalk.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Yellow fungus，一种在腐烂的有机物上寄生的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C" title="真菌">真菌</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Unverifiedimage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Unverifiedimage（页面不存在）">Template:Unverifiedimage</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="微生物"><span id=".E5.BE.AE.E7.94.9F.E7.89.A9"></span>微生物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：微生物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此section<b>没有列出任何<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">参考或来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2011年2月</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>維基百科所有的內容都應該<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a>。请协助補充<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>土壤中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="微生物">微生物</a>在土壤营养方面也扮演着重要的角色。例如，一些<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%85%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="自养">自养</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E5%85%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="异养">异养</a>的微生物可以<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%B0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="固氮">固氮</a>。这些细菌有固氮酶可以将空气中的氮气与水化合来制造<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="氨水">氨水</a>，又被细菌利用来转化成其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机化合物">有机化合物</a>。有一些固氮细菌如<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E7%98%A4%E8%8F%8C" title="根瘤菌">根瘤菌</a>在豆类植物的根部生长。根瘤菌与豆类植物组成了一种互利共生的关系，以氨水来换取植物提供的碳水化合物。然后，其他的异养生物又从植物中获取碳。这一过程包括细菌或真菌的遗体以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5" title="发酵">发酵</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="降解">降解</a>的方式回到无机物状态。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="菌根"><span id=".E8.8F.8C.E6.A0.B9"></span>菌根</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：菌根"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此section<b>没有列出任何<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">参考或来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2011年2月</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>維基百科所有的內容都應該<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a>。请协助補充<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8C%E6%A0%B9" title="菌根">菌根</a>是生活在土壤中的真菌与植物根脉的共生关系。真菌帮助植物吸收矿物质，水和有机营养物质，同时吸收植物产生的糖类和氨基酸。菌根主要有两种：内生菌根（真菌插入根内），与外生菌根（真菌在根外形成外壳）。在研究有一些植物幼苗没有自然生长的土壤环境时就无法生长时，科学家们发现了菌根。 </p><p>有一些土壤中的微生物，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E7%AB%AF%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="极端微生物（页面不存在）">极端微生物</a>，可以在极端的环境条件下生存，如温度，pH值和缺水。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="土地退化与污染"><span id=".E5.9C.9F.E5.9C.B0.E9.80.80.E5.8C.96.E4.B8.8E.E6.B1.A1.E6.9F.93"></span>土地退化与污染</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：土地退化与污染"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此section<b>没有列出任何<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">参考或来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2011年2月</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>維基百科所有的內容都應該<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a>。请协助補充<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>当种植农作物时使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%80%E8%99%AB%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="杀虫剂">杀虫剂</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E8%8D%89%E5%89%82" title="除草剂">除草剂</a>时，同时也会危害到土壤中的生物。这些生物的死亡常常会引起远期的或未预期的后果。因此使用杀虫剂前因对其可能对土壤生物所造成的危害了解清楚，同时也要对其对地面<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a>部分的影响了解清楚。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%80%E8%80%95%E7%81%AB%E7%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="刀耕火种">刀耕火种</a>是杀死土壤中生物的一个重要因素。当土壤表层温度增加时保护土壤中生物的植被被破坏致使生物被杀死，这种情况对于现在的人类来说还是无法恢复的。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E4%BD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="轮作">轮作</a>的过程中，常常也存在刀耕火种的行为。 </p><p>除了pH值之外，<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="重金属">重金属</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="溶液">溶液</a>，石油<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳氢化合物">碳氢化合物</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%80%E8%99%AB%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="杀虫剂">杀虫剂</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E8%8D%89%E5%89%82" title="除草剂">除草剂</a>都是土壤污染的罪魁祸首。一些化学物质是外来的，但另一些（特别是杀虫剂和除草剂）是人们特意使用来在短期内解决问题的方法。大部分的这些化学物质<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>都很长，另一些可能转变成有毒的或无法降解的物质。一个可行的解决办法是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E7%81%AD%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤蒸汽灭菌（页面不存在）">土壤蒸汽灭菌</a>技术。这种方法杀死了几乎所有的微生物，无论他们是有益的或是有害的。但是，有害的物质被除掉了。土壤还可能因为加热后营养物释放而更有利于植物种植。 </p><p>因为清洁成本很高，土壤蒸汽灭菌还不能在实践中广泛应用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="成矿作用"><span id=".E6.88.90.E7.9F.BF.E4.BD.9C.E7.94.A8"></span>成矿作用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：成矿作用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>为了保持土壤的营养潜力，有时要对土壤进行主动的成矿作用。这既可以是像自然中一样向土壤中添加碎石，也可以是以化学土壤添加物的方式进行。不管以哪种方式，它们的目的都是为了保持土壤中的矿物质含量。有一大批常见物质都可以添加，包括磷，或较为外来的物质，例如锌与硒。关于过渡金属在水溶液状态下加入土壤的研究也正在进行中。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>洪水也会给<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E7%A7%AF%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="冲积平原">冲积平原</a>上带来碎石沉淀物。除去洪水威胁到生命或会侵蚀高产土地上的土壤，洪水还是一个能通过成矿作用与增加宏量元素而改良土壤化学性质的自然进程。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sustainable_development.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sustainable_development.svg/langzh-32px-Sustainable_development.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sustainable_development.svg/langzh-48px-Sustainable_development.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sustainable_development.svg/langzh-64px-Sustainable_development.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95" title="Portal:可持续发展">可持续发展主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/42px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/56px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2776" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:地球科学">地球科学主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ChongBanShuiXian.jpg/32px-ChongBanShuiXian.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ChongBanShuiXian.jpg/48px-ChongBanShuiXian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ChongBanShuiXian.jpg/64px-ChongBanShuiXian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="313" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:生物">生物主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width:20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="保育生物學">保育生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86" title="保育倫理">保育倫理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="保育運動">保育運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="环境保护主义">环境保护主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4" title="环境保护">环境保护</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤環境科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental soil science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤環境科學（页面不存在）">土壤環境科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_soil_science" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental soil science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental soil science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="绿色革命">绿色革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E6%B5%81%E5%A4%B1" title="水土流失">水土流失</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="微生物">微生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="自然环境">自然环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="自然資本">自然資本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="自然资源">自然资源</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非耕農作" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="No-till farming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E8%80%95%E8%BE%B2%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非耕農作（页面不存在）">非耕農作</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-till_farming" class="extiw" title="en:No-till farming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">No-till farming</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" title="可再生資源">可再生資源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="復育生態學">復育生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%AC%E9%81%8B%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="搬運作用">搬運作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%80%E8%80%95%E7%81%AB%E8%80%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="刀耕火耨">刀耕火耨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="土地污染">土地污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="土壤退化作用">土壤退化作用</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤蒸汽滅菌技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil steam sterilization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E6%BB%85%E8%8F%8C%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤蒸汽滅菌技術（页面不存在）">土壤蒸汽滅菌技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_steam_sterilization" class="extiw" title="en:Soil steam sterilization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil steam sterilization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E9%80%95%E6%B5%81" title="地表逕流">地表逕流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7" title="可持續性">可持續性</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="永續農業">永續農業</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%B4" title="節水">節水</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang Summer, <i>Modelling Soil Erosion, Sediment Transport and Closely Related Hydrological Processes</i> entry by Mingyuan Du, Peiming Du, Taichi Maki and Shigeto Kawashima, “Numerical modeling of air flow over complex terrain concerning wind erosion”, International Association of Hydrological Sciences publication no. 249 (1998) <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1901502503" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-901502-50-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Predicting soil erosion by water, a guide to conservation planning in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation</i>, U.S. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%83%A8" title="美国农业部">美国农业部</a> Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural handbook no. 703 (1997)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Perimeter landscaping of Carneros Business Park</i>, Lumina Technologies, Santa Rosa, Ca., prepared for Sonoma County, Ca. (2002)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dan Yaron, <i>Salinity in Irrigation and Water Resources</i>, Marcel Dekker, New York (1981) <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0824767411" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8247-6741-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bill Mollison, <i>Permaculture: A Designer's Manual</i>, Tagari Press, (1988). Increases in porosity enhance infiltration and thus reduce adverse effects of <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E9%80%95%E6%B5%81" title="地表逕流">地表逕流</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur T. Hubbard, <i>Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science Vol 3</i>, Santa Barbara, California Science Project, Marcel Dekker, New York (2004) <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0824707591" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8247-0759-1</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="永續性" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7" title="Template:永續性"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7" title="Template talk:永續性"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:永續性"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="永續性" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7" title="可持續性">永續性</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續性大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of sustainability"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續性大綱（页面不存在）">大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_sustainability" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of sustainability"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of sustainability</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續性相關文章索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of sustainability articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續性相關文章索引（页面不存在）">索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_sustainability_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of sustainability articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of sustainability articles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">原則與概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E4%B8%96" title="人類世">人類世</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球系統治理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Earth system governance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球系統治理（页面不存在）">地球系統治理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_governance" class="extiw" title="en:Earth system governance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Earth system governance</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96" title="生態現代化">生態現代化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86" title="环境治理">環境治理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="环境保护主义">環境保護主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%81%BD%E9%9B%A3%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="全球災難危機">全球災難危機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%B0%8D%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="人類對環境的影響">人類對環境的影響</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="地球限度理論">地球限度理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7" title="可持續性">可持續性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="管理責任" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stewardship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%B2%AC%E4%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="管理責任（页面不存在）">管理責任</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewardship" class="extiw" title="en:Stewardship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stewardship</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95" title="可持续发展">可持續發展</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB" title="綠色生活">綠色生活</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%8B%E5%96%84" title="環境友善">環境友善</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86" title="環境倫理">環境倫理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%84%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E8%88%87%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="里約環境與發展宣言">里約環境與發展宣言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="消費">消費</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人為化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anthropization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%82%BA%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人為化（页面不存在）">人為化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization" class="extiw" title="en:Anthropization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anthropization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反消費主義">反消費主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="循環經濟">循環經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%B6%85%E8%BD%BD%E6%97%A5" title="地球超载日">地球超载日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E8%B6%B3%E8%B7%A1" title="生態足跡">生態足跡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E7%9F%A5%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9" title="良知消费">良知消费</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="個體可持續性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Micro-sustainability"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%8B%E9%AB%94%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="個體可持續性（页面不存在）">個體可持續性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-sustainability" class="extiw" title="en:Micro-sustainability"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Micro-sustainability</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E5%BA%A6%E6%B6%88%E8%80%97" title="過度消耗">過度消耗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%96%AE%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB" title="簡單生活">簡單生活</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穩態經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Steady-state economy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%A9%E6%85%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穩態經濟（页面不存在）">穩態經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady-state_economy" class="extiw" title="en:Steady-state economy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Steady-state economy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續性廣告" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainability advertising"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續性廣告（页面不存在）">可持續性廣告</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability_advertising" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainability advertising"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainability advertising</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續性品牌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainability brand"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%93%81%E7%89%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續性品牌（页面不存在）">可持續性品牌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability_brand" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainability brand"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainability brand</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續行銷短視" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainability marketing myopia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E8%A1%8C%E9%8A%B7%E7%9F%AD%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續行銷短視（页面不存在）">可持續行銷短視</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability_marketing_myopia" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainability marketing myopia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainability marketing myopia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續消費" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable consumption"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續消費（页面不存在）">可持續消費</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_consumption" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable consumption"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable consumption</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對可持續性全面改變的抗拒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainability and systemic change resistance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E6%94%B9%E8%AE%8A%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%97%E6%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對可持續性全面改變的抗拒（页面不存在）">對可持續性全面改變的抗拒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability_and_systemic_change_resistance" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainability and systemic change resistance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainability and systemic change resistance</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%82%B2%E5%8A%87" title="公地悲劇">公地悲劇</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="世界人口">世界人口</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="生育控制">生育控制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B" title="人口转型">人口轉型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2" title="计划生育">计划生育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="人口控制">人口控制</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續人口" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable population"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續人口（页面不存在）">可持續人口</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_population" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable population"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable population</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女性教育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Women's education"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性教育（页面不存在）">女性教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_education" class="extiw" title="en:Women's education"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Women's education</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E9%81%8E%E5%A4%9A" title="人口過多">人口過多</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3" title="人口不足">人口不足</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">科技</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="适用技术">適用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="環境科技">環境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="自然建築">自然建築</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="生物安全">生物安全</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="保育生物學">保育生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="瀕危物種">瀕危物種</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="全新世滅絕事件">全新世滅絕事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="入侵物种">入侵物种</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">能源</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E8%B6%B3%E8%B7%A1" title="碳足跡">碳足跡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氣候變化減緩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate change mitigation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E6%B8%9B%E7%B7%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣候變化減緩（页面不存在）">氣候變化減緩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" class="extiw" title="en:Climate change mitigation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate change mitigation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E7%B4%84%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="節約能源">節約能源</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源下降" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy descent"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E4%B8%8B%E9%99%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源下降（页面不存在）">能源下降</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_descent" class="extiw" title="en:Energy descent"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy descent</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="能源效率">能源效率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E5%8C%96" title="電氣化">電氣化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%9D%83%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="排放权交易">排放权交易</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E6%B7%98%E6%B1%B0" title="化石燃料淘汰">化石燃料淘汰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%A1%B6%E7%82%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="哈伯特顶点">哈伯特頂點</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源貧困" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy poverty"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E8%B2%A7%E5%9B%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源貧困（页面不存在）">能源貧困</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_poverty" class="extiw" title="en:Energy poverty"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy poverty</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反彈效應（節能）" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rebound effect (conservation)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%BD%88%E6%95%88%E6%87%89%EF%BC%88%E7%AF%80%E8%83%BD%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反彈效應（節能）（页面不存在）">反彈效應（節能）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_effect_(conservation)" class="extiw" title="en:Rebound effect (conservation)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rebound effect (conservation)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">可再生能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="生物燃料">生質燃料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可持續能源">可持續能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽能">太陽能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E8%83%BD" title="風能">風能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%83%BD" title="海洋能">海洋能</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續食物系統" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable food system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續食物系統（页面不存在）">食物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_food_system" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable food system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable food system</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公民農業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Civic agriculture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公民農業（页面不存在）">公民農業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_agriculture" class="extiw" title="en:Civic agriculture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Civic agriculture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="社區協力農業">社區協力農業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%9C%92%E8%97%9D" title="森林園藝">森林園藝</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="食物景觀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foodscaping"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食物景觀（页面不存在）">食物景觀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodscaping" class="extiw" title="en:Foodscaping"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foodscaping</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="本土糧食" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Local food"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E7%B3%A7%E9%A3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本土糧食（页面不存在）">本土糧食</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_food" class="extiw" title="en:Local food"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Local food</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B8%E9%96%80" title="樸門">樸門</a></li> <li>* <a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%AE%E9%A3%9F%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="粮食安全">粮食安全</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="永續農業">永續農業</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="永續漁業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable fishery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永續漁業（页面不存在）">永續漁業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable fishery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable fishery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="城市園藝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Urban horticulture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%92%E8%97%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="城市園藝（页面不存在）">城市園藝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_horticulture" class="extiw" title="en:Urban horticulture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Urban horticulture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%AC%E8%8F%9C%E7%AE%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="蔬菜箱方案">蔬菜箱方案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">水</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%B4" title="節水">節水</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水資源缺乏" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water scarcity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E7%BC%BA%E4%B9%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水資源缺乏（页面不存在）">水資源缺乏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_scarcity" class="extiw" title="en:Water scarcity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water scarcity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81%E6%B0%B4%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="省水效率">省水效率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B6%B3%E8%B7%A1" title="水足跡">水足跡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%B4" title="中水">中水</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續環境設施" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable sanitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E8%A8%AD%E6%96%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續環境設施（页面不存在）">可持續環境設施</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable sanitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable sanitation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%B4" title="節水">節水</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料">材料</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="工業生態學">工業生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6" title="資源回收">資源回收</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE" title="垃圾">垃圾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84" title="零廢棄">零廢棄</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">應用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有機運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Organic movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有機運動（页面不存在）">有機運動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Organic movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Organic movement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續廣告" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable advertising"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續廣告（页面不存在）">廣告</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_advertising" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable advertising"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable advertising</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續建築" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續建築（页面不存在）">建築</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable architecture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續藝術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable art"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續藝術（页面不存在）">藝術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_art" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable art"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable art</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續性事業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable business"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續性事業（页面不存在）">事業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable business"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable business</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="生态城市">可持續城市</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北美大學可持續性課程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="North American collegiate sustainability programs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E8%AA%B2%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北美大學可持續性課程（页面不存在）">大學課程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_collegiate_sustainability_programs" class="extiw" title="en:North American collegiate sustainability programs"><span lang="en" dir="auto">North American collegiate sustainability programs</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續社區計畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable community plan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續社區計畫（页面不存在）">可持續社區計畫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_community_plan" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable community plan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable community plan</span></a></span>）</span></span>（英國）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="永續設計">設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%9D%91" title="生態村">生態村</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95" title="可持续发展">可持續發展</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續時尚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable fashion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%99%82%E5%B0%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續時尚（页面不存在）">時尚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_fashion" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable fashion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable fashion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續園藝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable gardening"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E5%9C%92%E8%97%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續園藝（页面不存在）">園藝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_gardening" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable gardening"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable gardening</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD" title="地质公园">地質公園</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E8%90%A5%E9%94%80" title="绿色营销">綠色营销</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續工業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable industries"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續工業（页面不存在）">工業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_industries" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable industries"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable industries</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續景觀建築" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable landscape architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%80%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續景觀建築（页面不存在）">景觀建築</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_landscape_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable landscape architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable landscape architecture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB" title="綠色生活">生活</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="低影響開發（英國）" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Low-impact_development_(UK)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%8E%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%EF%BC%88%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="低影響開發（英國）（页面不存在）">低影響開發</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-impact_development_(UK)" class="extiw" title="en:Low-impact development (UK)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Low-impact_development_(UK)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續市場" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable market"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續市場（页面不存在）">可持續市場</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_market" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable market"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable market</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續性組織" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainability organizations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續性組織（页面不存在）">組織</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability_organizations" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainability organizations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainability organizations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續包裝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable packaging"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E5%8C%85%E8%A3%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續包裝（页面不存在）">包裝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable packaging"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable packaging</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續性採購" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable procurement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%8E%A1%E8%B3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續性採購（页面不存在）">採購</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_procurement" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable procurement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable procurement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="空間可持續性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Space sustainability"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空間可持續性（页面不存在）">空間</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_sustainability" class="extiw" title="en:Space sustainability"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Space sustainability</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="可持续旅游">旅遊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="可持续交通系统">交通</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續城市排水系統" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable urban drainage systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%8E%92%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續城市排水系統（页面不存在）">城市排水系統</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_urban_drainage_systems" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable urban drainage systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable urban drainage systems</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續城市基礎建設" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable urban infrastructure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續城市基礎建設（页面不存在）">城市基礎建設</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_urban_infrastructure" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable urban infrastructure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable urban infrastructure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新都市主義">新都市主義</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">管理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續性與環境管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainability and environmental management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E8%88%87%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續性與環境管理（页面不存在）">環境</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability_and_environmental_management" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainability and environmental management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainability and environmental management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="漁業管理">漁業</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續森林管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable forest management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續森林管理（页面不存在）">森林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_forest_management" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable forest management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable forest management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="景觀規模保育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Landscape-scale conservation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%80%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="景觀規模保育（页面不存在）">景觀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape-scale_conservation" class="extiw" title="en:Landscape-scale conservation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Landscape-scale conservation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續材料管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable materials management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續材料管理（页面不存在）">材料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_materials_management" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable materials management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable materials management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="自然資源管理">自然資源</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Planetary management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球管理（页面不存在）">地球</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_management" class="extiw" title="en:Planetary management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Planetary management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="污染物排放控制">污染物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="環境資源管理">環境資源管理</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">條約與<br />會議</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="聯合國人類環境會議">聯合國人類環境會議</a>（1972年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%80%AB%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="布倫特蘭委員會">布倫特蘭委員會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5" title="我们共同的未来">我們共同的未來</a>，即布倫特蘭委員會報告 (1987年)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="地球高峰會">地球高峰會</a>(1992年)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%84%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E8%88%87%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="里約環境與發展宣言">里約環境與發展宣言</a> (1992年)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E8%AD%B0%E7%A8%8B" title="21世紀議程">21世紀議程</a>(1992年)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="生物多樣性公約">生物多樣性公約</a> (1992年)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國際人口和發展會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Conference on Population and Development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際人口和發展會議（页面不存在）">國際人口和發展會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Conference_on_Population_and_Development" class="extiw" title="en:International Conference on Population and Development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Conference on Population and Development</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1994年）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="里斯本原則" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lisbon Principles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里斯本原則（页面不存在）">里斯本原則</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon_Principles" class="extiw" title="en:Lisbon Principles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lisbon Principles</span></a></span>）</span></span> (1997年)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B0%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="京都議定書">京都議定書</a> (1997年)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" title="地球宪章">地球憲章</a> (2000年)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聯合國千年宣言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United Nations Millennium Declaration"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聯合國千年宣言（页面不存在）">聯合國千年宣言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Millennium_Declaration" class="extiw" title="en:United Nations Millennium Declaration"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United Nations Millennium Declaration</span></a></span>）</span></span> (2000年)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界高峰會2002年" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Earth Summit 2002"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%832002%E5%B9%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界高峰會2002年（页面不存在）">世界高峰會2002年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summit_2002" class="extiw" title="en:Earth Summit 2002"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Earth Summit 2002</span></a></span>）</span></span> (2002年)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聯合國可持續發展會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聯合國可持續發展會議（页面不存在）">聯合國可持續發展會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Sustainable_Development" class="extiw" title="en:United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development</span></a></span>）</span></span> (2012年)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87" title="可持续发展目标">可持續發展目標</a> (2015年)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="巴黎協定">巴黎協定</a> (2015年)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聯合國海洋會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United Nations Ocean Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聯合國海洋會議（页面不存在）">聯合國海洋會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Ocean_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:United Nations Ocean Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United Nations Ocean Conference</span></a></span>）</span></span> (2017年)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7" title="Category:可持續性">Category</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="列表级条目"><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Sustainability_lists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Sustainability lists（页面不存在）">Lists</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainability_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sustainability science（页面不存在）">Science</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainability_studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sustainability studies（页面不存在）">Studies</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_environmental_degrees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of environmental degrees（页面不存在）">Degrees</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="自然资源" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="Template:自然资源"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="Template talk:自然资源"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:自然资源"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="自然资源" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="自然资源">自然资源</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="地球大气层">大气</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染">污染 / 质量</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国家环境大气质量标准" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National Ambient Air Quality Standards"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家环境大气质量标准（页面不存在）">环境标准<span style="font-size:smaller;">（美国）</span></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ambient_Air_Quality_Standards" class="extiw" title="en:National Ambient Air Quality Standards"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National Ambient Air Quality Standards</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="空气质量指数">指数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E5%85%A7%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA" title="室內空氣品質">室内</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="发展中国家室内空气污染" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indoor air pollution in developing nations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%A4%E5%86%85%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="发展中国家室内空气污染（页面不存在）">发展中国家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_air_pollution_in_developing_nations" class="extiw" title="en:Indoor air pollution in developing nations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indoor air pollution in developing nations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="空气质量法律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Air quality law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空气质量法律（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_quality_law" class="extiw" title="en:Air quality law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Air quality law</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国空气清洁法案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clean Air Act (United States)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国空气清洁法案（页面不存在）">空气清洁法案<span style="font-size:smaller;">（美国）</span></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" class="extiw" title="en:Clean Air Act (United States)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clean Air Act (United States)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E6%B4%9E" title="臭氧层空洞">臭氧层空洞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">排放</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Airshed" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Airshed"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airshed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airshed（页面不存在）">Airshed</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airshed" class="extiw" title="en:Airshed"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Airshed</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%9D%83%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="排放权交易">排放权交易</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%91%E6%AF%81%E6%9E%97%E5%92%8C%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96%E6%89%80%E8%87%B4%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量（页面不存在）">减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_emissions_from_deforestation_and_forest_degradation" class="extiw" title="en:Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carson Falls on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo"><img alt="Carson Falls on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg/100px-Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg/150px-Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg/200px-Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="能源">能源</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_law" class="extiw" title="en:Energy law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界能源（页面不存在）">资源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料">化石燃料</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B3%B0%E5%80%BC" title="石油峰值">哈伯特顶点</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%86%B1%E8%83%BD" title="地熱能">地熱能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B" title="核動力">核能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%83%BD" title="太阳能">太阳能</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%85%89" title="太阳光">太阳光</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荫蔽" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shade (shadow)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%AB%E8%94%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荫蔽（页面不存在）">荫蔽</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shade_(shadow)" class="extiw" title="en:Shade (shadow)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shade (shadow)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E8%83%BD" title="潮汐能">潮汐能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B5%AA%E8%83%BD" title="波浪能">波浪能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E8%83%BD" title="風能">風能</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0" title="陆地">陆地</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%95%E5%9C%B0" title="耕地">耕地</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="peak farmland" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="peak farmland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peak_farmland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peak farmland（页面不存在）">peak farmland</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/peak_farmland" class="extiw" title="en:peak farmland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">peak farmland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E6%B5%81%E5%A4%B1" title="水土流失">水土流失</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95" title="土地法">法律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%B3%95" title="財產法">财产</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="土地管理">管理</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="栖息地保护" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="habitat conservation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%96%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="栖息地保护（页面不存在）">栖息地保护</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/habitat_conservation" class="extiw" title="en:habitat conservation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">habitat conservation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物">礦物</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="采矿业">采矿</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="采矿法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mining law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="采矿法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_law" class="extiw" title="en:Mining law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mining law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%A0%82" title="采砂">采沙</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="峰值矿产" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peak minerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B0%E5%80%BC%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峰值矿产（页面不存在）">峰值</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_minerals" class="extiw" title="en:Peak minerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peak minerals</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="矿产权利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mineral rights"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%A7%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="矿产权利（页面不存在）">权利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_rights" class="extiw" title="en:Mineral rights"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mineral rights</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">保护</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E8%82%A5%E5%8A%9B" title="土壤肥力">肥力</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤健康" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil health"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤健康（页面不存在）">健康</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_health" class="extiw" title="en:Soil health"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil health</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤活力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil resilience"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤活力（页面不存在）">活力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_resilience" class="extiw" title="en:Soil resilience"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil resilience</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8" title="土地利用">土地利用</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地使用规划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land-use planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地使用规划（页面不存在）">规划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land-use_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Land-use planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land-use planning</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="开放空间保护区" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Open space reserve"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="开放空间保护区（页面不存在）">保护区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_space_reserve" class="extiw" title="en:Open space reserve"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Open space reserve</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物勘探" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bioprospecting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物勘探（页面不存在）">生物勘探</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioprospecting" class="extiw" title="en:Bioprospecting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bioprospecting</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A2%E6%9E%97%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="叢林食物">丛林食物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9B%E6%9E%97%E8%82%89" title="丛林肉">丛林肉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A" title="渔业">渔业</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="渔业法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fisheries law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="渔业法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisheries_law" class="extiw" title="en:Fisheries law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fisheries law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="漁業管理">管理</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="食物">食物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="森林">森林</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="森林基因资源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forest genetic resources"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="森林基因资源（页面不存在）">基因资源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_genetic_resources" class="extiw" title="en:Forest genetic resources"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forest genetic resources</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="森林法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forestry law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="森林法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry_law" class="extiw" title="en:Forestry law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forestry law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E7%B6%93%E7%87%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="森林經營學">管理</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%89%A9" title="獵物">狩猎</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="狩猎法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Game law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狩猎法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_law" class="extiw" title="en:Game law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Game law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GenBank" title="GenBank">基因银行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of plants used in herbalism" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of plants used in herbalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_plants_used_in_herbalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of plants used in herbalism（页面不存在）">Herbalist plants</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plants_used_in_herbalism" class="extiw" title="en:List of plants used in herbalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of plants used in herbalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海洋保护" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marine conservation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海洋保护（页面不存在）">海洋保护</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_conservation" class="extiw" title="en:Marine conservation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marine conservation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非木质林产品" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Non-timber forest product"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%A8%E8%B4%A8%E6%9E%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非木质林产品（页面不存在）">非木质林产品</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product" class="extiw" title="en:Non-timber forest product"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Non-timber forest product</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%9C%B0" title="牧地">牧地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%AB" title="種子庫">種子庫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="野生动物">野生生物</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4" title="野生生物保护">保护</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="野生生物管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wildlife management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="野生生物管理（页面不存在）">管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_management" class="extiw" title="en:Wildlife management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wildlife management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">种类/位置</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%82" title="含水层">含水层</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="含水层储水与恢复" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aquifer storage and recovery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%82%E5%82%A8%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="含水层储水与恢复（页面不存在）">储水与恢复</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer_storage_and_recovery" class="extiw" title="en:Aquifer storage and recovery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aquifer storage and recovery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="饮用水">饮用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="淡水">淡水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="地下水污染">污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4%E8%A3%9C%E7%B5%A6" title="地下水補給">补给</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地下水治理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Groundwater remediation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地下水治理（页面不存在）">治理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_remediation" class="extiw" title="en:Groundwater remediation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Groundwater remediation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%88" title="水圈">水圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0" title="冰">冰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="冰山">冰山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="极地冰盖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polar ice cap"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E5%86%B0%E7%9B%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="极地冰盖（页面不存在）">极地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_ice_cap" class="extiw" title="en:Polar ice cap"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polar ice cap</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" title="灌溉">灌溉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8" title="雨">雨</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E6%B0%B4%E6%92%B2%E6%BB%BF" title="雨水撲滿">雨水收集</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="暴雨水" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stormwater"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%A8%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="暴雨水（页面不存在）">暴雨水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater" class="extiw" title="en:Stormwater"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stormwater</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="地表水">地表水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E6%B0%B4" title="廢水">廢水</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%B4" title="中水">中水</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">其他方面</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E6%B7%A1%E5%8C%96" title="海水淡化">海水淡化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">洪水</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水资源法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水资源法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_law" class="extiw" title="en:Water law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Leaching (agriculture)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leaching (agriculture)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaching_(agriculture)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leaching (agriculture)（页面不存在）">Leaching</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaching_(agriculture)" class="extiw" title="en:Leaching (agriculture)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leaching (agriculture)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sanitation" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sanitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanitation（页面不存在）">Sanitation</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation" class="extiw" title="en:Sanitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sanitation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水资源冲突" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water conflict"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水资源冲突（页面不存在）">冲突</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conflict" class="extiw" title="en:Water conflict"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water conflict</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%B4" title="節水">節水</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="峰值水" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peak water"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B0%E5%80%BC%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峰值水（页面不存在）">峰值水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_water" class="extiw" title="en:Peak water"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peak water</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="水污染">污染</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水务民营化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water privatization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%A1%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水务民营化（页面不存在）">民营化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_privatization" class="extiw" title="en:Water privatization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water privatization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%AA" title="水質">水質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%AC%8A" title="水權">水权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="水资源">资源</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="水管理">管理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水资源政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water resource policy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水资源政策（页面不存在）">政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_resource_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Water resource policy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water resource policy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Commons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公地（页面不存在）">公地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons" class="extiw" title="en:Commons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Commons</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%88%E5%9C%B0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="圈地运动">圈地</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球公地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global commons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球公地（页面不存在）">全球公地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_commons" class="extiw" title="en:Global commons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global commons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公有土地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Common land"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公有土地（页面不存在）">公有土地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_land" class="extiw" title="en:Common land"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Common land</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%82%B2%E5%8A%87" title="公地悲劇">悲剧</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资源经济" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural resource economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然资源经济（页面不存在）">经济</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Natural resource economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural resource economics</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="生態經濟學">生态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0_(%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8)" title="土地 (經濟學)">土地</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99" title="生態系統服務">生態系統服務</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E9%96%8B%E6%8E%A1" title="自然資源開採">开采</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E5%BA%A6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="過度開發">過度開發</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%B6%85%E8%BD%BD%E6%97%A5" title="地球超载日">地球超载日</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资源管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural resource management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="自然資源管理">管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource_management" class="extiw" title="en:Natural resource management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural resource management</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="适应性管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adaptive management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E6%80%A7%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="适应性管理（页面不存在）">适应性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_management" class="extiw" title="en:Adaptive management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adaptive management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资产" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural capital"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="自然資產">自然资产</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capital" class="extiw" title="en:Natural capital"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural capital</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资产会计" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural capital accounting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然资产会计（页面不存在）">会计</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capital_accounting" class="extiw" title="en:Natural capital accounting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural capital accounting</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA" title="自然保护区">自然保护区</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="系统生态" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Systems ecology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="系统生态（页面不存在）">系统生态</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Systems ecology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Systems ecology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="都市生態學">都市生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E9%87%8E" title="原野">原野</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="资源">资源</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公共池塘资源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Common-pool resource"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%B1%A0%E5%A1%98%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公共池塘资源（页面不存在）">公共池塘资源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common-pool_resource" class="extiw" title="en:Common-pool resource"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Common-pool resource</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="衝突資源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Conflict resource"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="衝突資源（页面不存在）">衝突資源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_resource" class="extiw" title="en:Conflict resource"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Conflict resource</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E8%A9%9B%E5%92%92" title="資源詛咒">資源詛咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%9E%AF%E7%AB%AD" title="资源枯竭">枯竭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="自然资源">提取</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="资源民族主义">民族主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" title="可再生資源">可再生</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="不可再生能源">不可再生</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Natural_resources" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Natural resources">自然资源</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889669#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889669#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889669#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4069568-2">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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