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class="mw-page-title-main">Vindonissa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vindonissa" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Вінданіса – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вінданіса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vindonissa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vindonissa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vindonissa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vindonissa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vindonissa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%88%EB%8F%84%EB%8B%88%EC%82%AC" title="빈도니사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빈도니사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vindonissa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فيندونيسا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيندونيسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vindonissa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vindonissa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Виндонисса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виндонисса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vindonissa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindonissa" title="Vindonissa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vindonissa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q667811#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vindonissa&params=47.480464_N_8.222051_E_region:CH-AG_type:landmark_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°28′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°13′19″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.480464°N 8.222051°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.480464; 8.222051</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former Roman legion camp in Switzerland</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vindonissa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vindonissa.jpg/250px-Vindonissa.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vindonissa.jpg/375px-Vindonissa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vindonissa.jpg/500px-Vindonissa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Amphitheater of Vindonissa</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vindonissa_Suedtor01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vindonissa_Suedtor01.jpg/250px-Vindonissa_Suedtor01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vindonissa_Suedtor01.jpg/375px-Vindonissa_Suedtor01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vindonissa_Suedtor01.jpg/500px-Vindonissa_Suedtor01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3821" data-file-height="2387" /></a><figcaption>Modern re-construction of the southern gate</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vindonissa</b> (from a Gaulish toponym in *<i>windo-</i> "white") was a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> legion camp, <a href="/wiki/Vicus" title="Vicus">vicus</a> and later a <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a>'s seat at modern <a href="/wiki/Windisch,_Switzerland" title="Windisch, Switzerland">Windisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. The remains of the camp are listed as a <a href="/wiki/Swiss_inventory_of_cultural_property_of_national_and_regional_significance" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance">heritage site of national significance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of <a href="/wiki/Brugg" title="Brugg">Brugg</a> hosts a small Roman museum, displaying finds from the legion camp. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vindonissa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Excavations along the western edge of the Roman camp have discovered a few <a href="/wiki/Funeral_pyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral pyre">funeral pyre</a> graves dating to the late <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1000–800 BC). The first settlement of Vindonissa was a 1st-century BC <a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a> fortified village on the peninsula between the <a href="/wiki/Aare" title="Aare">Aare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reuss_(river)" title="Reuss (river)">Reuss</a> rivers. The settlement was protected by an approximately 350 meters (1,150 ft) long wood and earth wall, with an up to 7 m (23 ft) deep trench which stretched across the narrow neck of the peninsula. The settlement came under Roman control either after the 58 BC conquest of the Helvetii by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> or the 15 BC <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">conquest of the Alps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A small guard post was established on the site around 15 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman settlement and legion camp was probably established in 15 AD. In an expansion around 30, thermal baths were added. The <a href="/wiki/Legio_XIII_Gemina" title="Legio XIII Gemina">Legio XIII <i>Gemina</i></a> was stationed at Vindonissa until 44 or 45. With the arrival of the 21st legion (<a href="/wiki/Legio_XXI_Rapax" title="Legio XXI Rapax">XXI <i>Rapax</i></a>) the camp was rebuilt with stone fortifications. After the 21st legion had looted the countryside in 69, it was replaced by the 11th legion (<a href="/wiki/Legio_XI_Claudia" title="Legio XI Claudia">XI <i>Claudia</i></a>) which remained stationed until 101. After this date, Vindonissa was a civilian settlement, with a castle built in the 4th century. </p><p>The camp established around 15 AD covered an area of about 20 ha (49 acres) and was surrounded by an 1.8 km (1.1 mi) long wooden and earthen wall with wooden gates and low watchtowers surrounded by a double <a href="/wiki/Ditch_(fortification)" title="Ditch (fortification)">ditch</a>. By 72 AD this had been replaced by a 3.6 m (12 ft) thick wall with massive gates, watchtowers and a single ditch.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first systematic excavation of the ruins began in 1896. This and later excavations discovered the ruins of several buildings and numerous artifacts. A 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) long Roman underground canal still provides water to the fountain at <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsfelden_Monastery" title="Königsfelden Monastery">Königsfelden Monastery</a>. Vindonissa included the largest Roman <a href="/wiki/Amphitheater" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphitheater">amphitheater</a> in modern Switzerland with seats for about 10,000. The foundations of the west and north walls and the remains of a <a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">Roman bath</a> have been discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-BABS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BABS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vindonissa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland" title="Early history of Switzerland">Early history of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fionn_mac_Cumhaill#Etymology" title="Fionn mac Cumhaill">Etymology of Vindonissa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vindonissa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160902033944/http://www.babs.admin.ch/de/aufgabenbabs/kgs/inventar/a-objekte.html">"Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance"</a>. <i>A-Objects</i>. Federal Office for Cultural Protection (BABS). 1 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.babs.admin.ch/de/aufgabenbabs/kgs/inventar/a-objekte.html">the original</a> on 2 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A-Objects&rft.atitle=Swiss+inventory+of+cultural+property+of+national+and+regional+significance&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.babs.admin.ch%2Fde%2Faufgabenbabs%2Fkgs%2Finventar%2Fa-objekte.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVindonissa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Vindonissa</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D12287.php"><span title="Vindonissa in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F12287.php"><span title="Vindonissa in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I12287.php"><span title="Vindonissa in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BABS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BABS_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api3.geo.admin.ch/rest/services/kgs/MapServer/ch.babs.kulturgueter/284/extendedHtmlPopup?lang=de">"Vindonissa, keltisches Oppidum / römisches Legionslager / Zivilsiedlung"</a>. <i>api3.geo.admin.ch</i>. Federal Office for Civil Protection<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=api3.geo.admin.ch&rft.atitle=Vindonissa%2C+keltisches+Oppidum+%2F+r%C3%B6misches+Legionslager+%2F+Zivilsiedlung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi3.geo.admin.ch%2Frest%2Fservices%2Fkgs%2FMapServer%2Fch.babs.kulturgueter%2F284%2FextendedHtmlPopup%3Flang%3Dde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVindonissa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vindonissa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolf,_G.,_R._Talbert,_T._Elliott,_S._Gillies2018" class="citation web cs1">Woolf, G., R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies (7 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/177661">"Places: 177661 (Vindonissa)"</a>. Pleiades<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Places%3A+177661+%28Vindonissa%29&rft.pub=Pleiades&rft.date=2018-06-07&rft.au=Woolf%2C+G.%2C+R.+Talbert%2C+T.+Elliott%2C+S.+Gillies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpleiades.stoa.org%2Fplaces%2F177661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVindonissa" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667811#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316732417">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/177661">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/012287">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vindonissa&params=47.480464_N_8.222051_E_region:CH-AG_type:landmark_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°28′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°13′19″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.480464°N 8.222051°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.480464; 8.222051</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img 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