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W. de Klerk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83" title="فريديريك ويليم دي كليرك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريديريك ويليم دي كليرك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AB._%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89._%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="এফ. ডব্লিউ. ডি ক্লার্ক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এফ. ডব্লিউ. ডি ক্লার্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Фрэдэрык Вілем дэ Клерк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэдэрык Вілем дэ Клерк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Фрэдэрык Вілем дэ Клерк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фрэдэрык Вілем дэ Клерк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Фредерик де Клерк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фредерик де Клерк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BA_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BA" title="Φρεντερίκ Ντε Κλερκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρεντερίκ Ντε Κλερκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="F. W. de Klerk" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_de_Klerk" title="Frederik de Klerk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frederik de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_de_Klerk" title="Frederik de Klerk – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frederik de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81._%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88._%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="اف. دبلیو. کلرک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اف. دبلیو. کلرک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="F. W. de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_de_Klerk" title="Frederik de Klerk – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frederik de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%B0%EB%A6%AC%ED%81%AC_%EB%B9%8C%EB%A0%98_%EB%8D%B0_%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="프레데리크 빌렘 데 클레르크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프레데리크 빌렘 데 클레르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF_%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B4_%D5%A4%D5%A5_%D4%BF%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF" title="Ֆրեդերիկ Վիլլեմ դե Կլերկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրեդերիկ Վիլլեմ դե Կլերկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="फ़्रेडरिक विलेम डी क्लार्क – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रेडरिक विलेम डी क्लार्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_de_Klerk" title="Frederik de Klerk – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Frederik de Klerk" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_de_Klerk" title="Frederik de Klerk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frederik de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="פרדריק וילם דה קלרק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדריק וילם דה קלרק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ფრედერიკ დე კლერკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრედერიკ დე კლერკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridericus_Gulielmus_de_Klerk" title="Fridericus Gulielmus de Klerk – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fridericus Gulielmus de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederiks_Vilems_de_Klerks" title="Frederiks Vilems de Klerks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frederiks Vilems de Klerks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_de_Klerk" title="Frederik de Klerk – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Frederik de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്രഡറിക്‌ ഡിക്ലർക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രഡറിക്‌ ഡിക്ലർക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="एफडब्ल्यू डी क्लर्क – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एफडब्ल्यू डी क्लर्क" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83" title="فريديريك ويليم دى كليرك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريديريك ويليم دى كليرك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="فریدریک ویلیام دی کلیرک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فریدریک ویلیام دی کلیرک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%87%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="フレデリック・ウィレム・デクラーク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレデリック・ウィレム・デクラーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.W.de_Klerk" title="F.W.de Klerk – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="F.W.de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="فریڈرک ویلم دی کلرک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فریڈرک ویلم دی کلرک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81_%DA%89%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%DA%89%D9%8A_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="اف ډبليو ډي کليرک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اف ډبليو ډي کليرک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellem_de_Klerk" title="Wellem de Klerk – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Wellem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="F. W. de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Клерк, Фредерик Виллем де – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клерк, Фредерик Виллем де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="F. W. de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="F. W. de Klerk" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="فرێدێریک ویلێم دی کلێرک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فرێدێریک ویلێم دی کلێرک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Фредерик Вилем де Клерк – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фредерик Вилем де Клерк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="F. W. de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.W._de_Klerk" title="F.W. de Klerk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="F.W. de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரடெரிக் வில்லியம் டி கிளர்க் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரடெரிக் வில்லியம் டி கிளர்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="เฟรเดอริก วิลเลิม เดอ แกลร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟรเดอริก วิลเลิม เดอ แกลร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="F. W. de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Фредерік Віллем де Клерк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фредерік Віллем де Клерк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81_%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="ایف ڈبلیو دی کلرک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایف ڈبلیو دی کلرک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B" title="弗雷德里克·威廉·德克勒克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗雷德里克·威廉·德克勒克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Frederik Willem de Klerk" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="弗雷德里克·威廉·戴克拉克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗雷德里克·威廉·戴克拉克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline; font-weight: normal;"><small><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a></small></div><br /><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:125%;" class="fn">Frederik Willem de Klerk</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Willem_Botha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pieter Willem Botha">Pieter Willem Botha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a><br /><small>As <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a></small></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">1st <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_President_of_South_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deputy President of South Africa (not yet started)">Deputy President of South Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 May 1994 – 30 June 1996<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office Established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> (solely)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1936-03-18</span>)</span>18 March 1936<br /><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transvaal_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transvaal Province (not yet started)">Transvaal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 November 2021<span style="display:none">(2021-11-11)</span> (aged 85)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="South African">South African</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Party_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Party (South Africa) (not yet started)">National Party</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_National_Party_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New National Party (South Africa) (not yet started)">New National Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Marike Willemse (1959–1998)<br />Elita Georgiades (1998–2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Jan de Klerk<br />Willem de Klerk<br />Susan de Klerk</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potchefstroom_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potchefstroom University (not yet started)">Potchefstroom University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">Politician</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Attorney_at_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney at law">Attorney</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frederik Willem de Klerk</b> (18 March 1936 – 11 November 2021) was a <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">president of South Africa</a> from 1989 to 1994. In 1993, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> for Peace with <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were given the prize for peacefully ending <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> and setting up a new government in South Africa. From 1994 to 1996 he was vice president of South Africa. In 1997, he retired from politics. In 2004, he left the <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_National_Party_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New National Party (South Africa) (not yet started)">New National Party</a>, when it became known that it wanted to unite with the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> to form a single party. </p><p>De Klerk studied to be an <a href="/wiki/Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney">attorney</a>. He finished his studies in 1958. As a student, he joined the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Party_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Party (South Africa) (not yet started)">National Party</a>. After obtaining his degree, he was their legal counsel, until 1972. From his first marriage with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marike_de_Klerk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marike de Klerk (not yet started)">Marike Willemse</a> he has three children. Since 1998, he has been married to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elita_Georgiades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elita Georgiades (not yet started)">Elita Georgiades</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._W._de_Klerk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Biography" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._W._de_Klerk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biography"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FW de Klerk was born in Johannesburg in 1936. He is the son of Johannes de Klerk (1903-1979) and Hendrina Cornelia de Klerk (1904-2001), who died just four months before the death of his former daughter Marike Willemse and his brother to Wimpie de Klerk (1928-2009). His family, whose name comes from the French surname "Le Clerc," "Le Clercq" or "de Clercq" is of Huguenot origin. He settled in the country in 1686, a few months after the Revocation of the Nantes edict, and participated in various events in the history of Afrikaner. Their ancestors participated in the Grand Trek on the train led by Piet Retief to get rid of the British rule. In 1838, three members of the Klerk family were also killed with Retief in King Kraal of Zulu, Dingane. Later, during the Second Boer War (1899-1902), the grandfather FW of Klerk was captured twice by the British before being a founding member of the National Party in 1914, alongside James Barry Hertzog. According to genealogist Keith Meintjies and confirmed by FW by Klerk, the latter is also in accordance with Krotoa (Eva), a female Khoi, who served as interpreter for the Dutch colonists during the founding of the Colony of the Head. </p><p>Member of the Reformed Dutch Church, FW by Klerk, is the youngest son, Jan Klerk, the head of the school and minister with various portfolios (1954-1969) and Senate chairman (1969-1976), the nephew of JG Strijdom, the head of the South African Government 1954 until 1958. His older brother Wimpie de Klerk is a political analyst and co-founder of the Democratic Party in 1989. </p><p>High School in Krugersdorp, a suburb of Johannesburg, FW by Klerk has a honors degree from the University of Potchefstroom in 1958. In 1959 he married Marike Willemse (1937-2001), with whom he will raise three children adopted ). The couple, F. W. and Marike de Klerk, divorced in 1998. </p><p>During university studies, he joined the National Party and became a member of Broderbond. </p><p>A lawyer in Vereeniging, south of Transvaal, refused in 1972 the public law seat at Potchefstroom University to run for general elections. </p><p>On 19 March 2021, de Klerk announced that had been diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Mesothelioma" title="Mesothelioma">mesothelioma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eight months later on 11 November, he died from the disease in his sleep at his home in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town,_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Town, South Africa">Cape Town</a> at the age of 85.<sup id="cite_ref-death-bbc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death-bbc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._W._de_Klerk&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._W._de_Klerk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1993/klerk.html">"F.W. de Klerk - Biography"</a>. <i>nobelprize.org</i>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=F.W.+de+Klerk+-+Biography&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F1993%2Fklerk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AF.+W.+de+Klerk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1993/">"The Nobel Peace Prize 1993"</a>. <i>nobelprize.org</i>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+1993&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F1993%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AF.+W.+de+Klerk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRondganger2021" class="citation web cs1">Rondganger, Lee (March 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/fw-de-klerk-diagnosed-with-cancer-undergoes-treatment-b085e48a-895e-42ba-817b-1d20b3a61d3c">"FW de Klerk diagnosed with cancer, undergoes treatment"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_Online_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent Online (South Africa) (not yet started)">Independent Online</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent+Online&rft.atitle=FW+de+Klerk+diagnosed+with+cancer%2C+undergoes+treatment&rft.date=2021-03-19&rft.aulast=Rondganger&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%2Fnews%2Fsouth-africa%2Ffw-de-klerk-diagnosed-with-cancer-undergoes-treatment-b085e48a-895e-42ba-817b-1d20b3a61d3c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AF.+W.+de+Klerk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-death-bbc-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-death-bbc_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-59247115">"FW de Klerk: South Africa's former president dies at 85"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 11 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=FW+de+Klerk%3A+South+Africa%27s+former+president+dies+at+85&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-59247115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AF.+W.+de+Klerk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLacey2021" class="citation news cs1">Lacey, Marc (2021-11-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/11/world/africa/fw-de-klerk-dead.html">"F.W. de Klerk, Last President of Apartheid South Africa, Dies at 85"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=F.W.+de+Klerk%2C+Last+President+of+Apartheid+South+Africa%2C+Dies+at+85&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F11%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Ffw-de-klerk-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AF.+W.+de+Klerk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFrankel2021" class="citation news cs1">Frankel, Glenn (11 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/fw-deklerk-death-south-africa/2021/11/11/761faa64-8fd4-11e6-a6a3-d50061aa9fae_story.html">"F.W. de Klerk, South African Nobel Prize winner for opening government, dies at 85"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=F.W.+de+Klerk%2C+South+African+Nobel+Prize+winner+for+opening+government%2C+dies+at+85&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Frankel&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Ffw-deklerk-death-south-africa%2F2021%2F11%2F11%2F761faa64-8fd4-11e6-a6a3-d50061aa9fae_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AF.+W.+de+Klerk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Passy</a> (1901)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Gobat</a> (1902)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Cremer</a> (1903)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">IDI</a> (1904)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Suttner</a> (1905)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> (1906)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Moneta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Renault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Renault (not yet started)">Renault</a> (1907)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson (not yet started)">Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Bajer</a> (1908)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Marie_Francois_Beernaert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert (not yet started)">Beernaert</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul-Henri-Benjamin_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant (not yet started)">Estournelles de Constant</a> (1909)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Peace_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Peace Bureau (not yet started)">IPB</a> (1910)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Fried</a> (1911)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a> (1912)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">La Fontaine</a> (1913)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> (1917)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1919)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Bourgeois (not yet started)">Bourgeois</a> (1920)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Lange</a> (1921)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a> (1922)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Dawes</a> (1925) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Stresemann</a> (1926)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Buisson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Buisson (not yet started)">Buisson</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Quidde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Quidde (not yet started)">Quidde</a> (1927)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Kellogg</a> (1929)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Söderblom</a> (1930)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Murray_Butler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Murray Butler (not yet started)">Butler</a> (1931)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Angell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Angell (not yet started)">Angell</a> (1933)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a> (1934)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Ossietzky</a> (1935)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas (not yet started)">Lamas</a> (1936)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Cecil</a> (1937)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nansen_passport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nansen passport (not yet started)">Nansen Office</a> (1938)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> (1944)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a> (1945)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Balch</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mott (not yet started)">Mott</a> (1946)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness (not yet started)">QPSW</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Friends Service Committee (not yet started)">AFSC</a> (1947)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">Boyd Orr</a> (1949)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Bunche</a> (1950) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Jouhaux (not yet started)">Jouhaux</a> (1951)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Schweitzer</a> (1952)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">Marshall</a> (1953)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a> (1954)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a> (1957)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Pire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Pire (not yet started)">Pire</a> (1958)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Noel-Baker,_Baron_Noel-Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker (not yet started)">Noel‑Baker</a> (1959)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lutuli" title="Albert Lutuli">Lutuli</a> (1960)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Hammarskjöld</a> (1961)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a> (1962)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a> (1963)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King, Jr.">King</a> (1964)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> (1965)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Cassin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Cassin (not yet started)">Cassin</a> (1968)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a> (1969)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Borlaug</a> (1970)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a> (1971)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Le_Duc_Tho" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Duc Tho">Le</a> (1973)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Se%C3%A1n_MacBride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seán MacBride (not yet started)">MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Sato</a> (1974)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Sakharov</a> (1975) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams_(nobel_laureate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Betty Williams (nobel laureate)">B.Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Corrigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mairead Corrigan">Corrigan</a> (1976)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">AI</a> (1977)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a> (1978)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a> (1979)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Esquivel</a> (1980)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a> (1981)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alva_Myrdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alva Myrdal (not yet started)">Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">García Robles</a> (1982)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Wałęsa</a> (1983)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Tutu</a> (1984)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (not yet started)">IPPNW</a> (1985)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Wiesel</a> (1986)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Arias</a> (1987)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peacekeeping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peacekeeping (not yet started)">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a> (1988)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> (1989)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a> (1990)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Suu Kyi</a> (1991)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Menchú</a> (1992)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">de Klerk</a> (1993)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1994)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (not yet started)">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Rotblat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Rotblat (not yet started)">Rotblat</a> (1995)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">Ramos-Horta</a> (1996)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines (not yet started)">ICBL</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">J.Williams</a> (1997)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">Trimble</a> (1998)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doctors_Without_Borders" title="Doctors Without Borders">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> (1999)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim</a> (2000) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Annan</a> (2001)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (2002)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Ebadi</a> (2003)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" title="Wangari Maathai">Maathai</a> (2004)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">ElBaradei</a> (2005)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Yunus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> (2006)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a> (2007)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Ahtisaari</a> (2008)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Xiaobo</a> (2010)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakel_Karman" title="Tawakel Karman">Karman</a> (2011)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> (2012)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a> (2013)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Yousafzai</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Satyarthi</a> (2014)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a> (2015)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a> (2016)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a> (2017)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Murad</a> (2018)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Ahmed</a> (2019)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (2020)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Muratov</a> (2021)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a> (2022)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Mohammadi</a> (2023)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a> (2024)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1976%E2%80%932000" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year 1976–2000"><abbr 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_el_Sadat" class="mw-redirect" title="Anwar el Sadat">Anwar el Sadat</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">The Computer</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">The Endangered Earth</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</li> <li><span class="wrap"> <a href="/wiki/Peace_makers" title="Peace makers">The Peacemakers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> </span> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ho_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Ho (scientist)">David Ho</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeffrey P. Bezos</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year#Persons_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Complete roster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1927%E2%80%931950" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year 1927–1950">1927–1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year 1951–1975">1951–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1976%E2%80%932000" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year 1976–2000">1976–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year 2001–2025">2001–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F._W._de_Klerk&oldid=8815768">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F._W._de_Klerk&oldid=8815768</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobel_Peace_Prize_winners" title="Category:Nobel Peace Prize winners">Nobel Peace Prize winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1936_births" title="Category:1936 births">1936 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2021_deaths" title="Category:2021 deaths">2021 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Afrikaner_people" title="Category:Afrikaner people">Afrikaner people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_associated_with_Apartheid" title="Category:People associated with Apartheid">People associated with Apartheid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:South_African_lawyers" title="Category:South African lawyers">South African lawyers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Johannesburg" title="Category:People from Johannesburg">People from Johannesburg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:State_Presidents_of_South_Africa" title="Category:State Presidents of South Africa">State Presidents of South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:South_African_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Category:South African Nobel Prize winners">South African Nobel Prize winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Time_People_of_the_Year" title="Category:Time People of the Year">Time People of the Year</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cancer_deaths_in_South_Africa" title="Category:Cancer deaths in South Africa">Cancer deaths in South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_mesothelioma" title="Category:Deaths from mesothelioma">Deaths from mesothelioma</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 10 May 2023, at 18:28.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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