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href="/w/index.php?title=User:Gunzle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:Gunzle (page does not exist)" data-mw-revid="1227566257"><bdi>Gunzle</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Gunzle" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Gunzle">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Gunzle" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Gunzle">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>384</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="This is a minor edit">m</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Background">→<bdi dir="ltr">Background</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&diff=prev&oldid=1227566257" title="Montsalvat" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&oldid=1250515001" title="Montsalvat">Latest revision as of 21:57, 10 October 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit" title="Montsalvat">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-10-10T21:57:49Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit&undoafter=1227566257&undo=1250515001" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Kb.au" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Kb.au" data-mw-revid="1250515001"><bdi>Kb.au</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Kb.au" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Kb.au">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Kb.au" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Kb.au">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers" title="Wikipedia:New pages patrol/Reviewers">New page reviewers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reviewing_pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Reviewing pending changes">Pending changes reviewers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rollback" title="Wikipedia:Rollback">Rollbackers</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>4,794</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Cultural_depictions">→<bdi dir="ltr">Cultural depictions</bdi></a>: </span> removed non encyclopaedic language</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tag</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-visualeditor"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor">Visual edit</a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 62:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 62:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Montsalvat was used as an abandoned monastery in episode 4 of [[Neighbours]] in 1985.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.neighboursepisodes.com/index.php?year=1985&episode=0004|title=Neighbours Episode 0004 from 1985 - NeighboursEpisodes.com|website=www.neighboursepisodes.com|access-date=2017-11-21}}</ref> In episode 5600 of [[Neighbours]] in 2008, it doubled as Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.neighboursepisodes.com/index.php?year=2008&episode=5600|title=Neighbours Episode 5600 from 2008 - NeighboursEpisodes.com|website=www.neighboursepisodes.com|access-date=2017-11-21}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Montsalvat was used as an abandoned monastery in episode 4 of [[Neighbours]] in 1985.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.neighboursepisodes.com/index.php?year=1985&episode=0004|title=Neighbours Episode 0004 from 1985 - NeighboursEpisodes.com|website=www.neighboursepisodes.com|access-date=2017-11-21}}</ref> In episode 5600 of [[Neighbours]] in 2008, it doubled as Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.neighboursepisodes.com/index.php?year=2008&episode=5600|title=Neighbours Episode 5600 from 2008 - NeighboursEpisodes.com|website=www.neighboursepisodes.com|access-date=2017-11-21}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>It was used as a filming location for ''[[Skithouse]]''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, I can't remember which episode but it definitely was</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Peter</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Helliar]] was in it I'm pretty sure.</del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>It was used as a filming location for ''[[Skithouse]]''.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{Citation</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">needed|date=October</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2024}}</ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>It was used for an episode of ''[[Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries]]'' in 2013. The episode was titled "Murder under the Mistletoe" and was broadcast on [[ABC1]] on 22 December 2013.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>It was used for an episode of ''[[Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries]]'' in 2013. The episode was titled "Murder under the Mistletoe" and was broadcast on [[ABC1]] on 22 December 2013.</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 21:57, 10 October 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Artists' colony in Melbourne, Australia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montsalvat_Melbourne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Montsalvat_Melbourne.jpg/300px-Montsalvat_Melbourne.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Montsalvat_Melbourne.jpg/450px-Montsalvat_Melbourne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Montsalvat_Melbourne.jpg/600px-Montsalvat_Melbourne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5514" data-file-height="3669" /></a><figcaption>Montsalvat's "Meeting Pool" area</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Montsalvat</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Artists%27_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Artists' community">artists' community</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eltham,_Victoria" title="Eltham, Victoria">Eltham</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Victoria, Australia. Established by <a href="/wiki/Justus_Jorgensen" title="Justus Jorgensen">Justus Jorgensen</a> in 1934, the colony is set among gardens on five hectares (12 acres) of land, and is home to dozens of buildings, including houses, halls, studios, galleries and stables.<sup id="cite_ref-montsalvat_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montsalvat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of Montsalvat's buildings were designed and built by residents using materials from a variety of sources, including <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian era buildings</a> then being demolished in the city centre. The grounds and buildings are currently used for exhibitions, performances, conferences, seminars, weddings and receptions; however, artists working in a variety of mediums continue to reside in Montsalvat. Several classes on various disciplines of art are offered year round by the resident artists. </p><p>Today Montsalvat is a popular tourist attraction and the entire complex is listed on the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Heritage_Register" title="Victorian Heritage Register">Victorian Heritage Register</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name Montsalvat features in both German and English <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a>. In the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Parsifal" title="Parsifal">Parsifal</a></i> by German composer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>, Montsalvat is the castle, built by Titurel, where the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a> is protected; and in Act III of <a href="/wiki/Lohengrin_(opera)" title="Lohengrin (opera)">his namesake opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lohengrin" title="Lohengrin">Lohengrin</a> sings of it as home. In the English legend of "<a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table</a>", <i>Montsalvat</i> is mentioned as the home of the Holy Grail. Though established only in 1934, Montsalvat has created its own myths and legends.<sup id="cite_ref-symphony_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symphony-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Montsalvat means "Saved Mount" in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan Language">Catalan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buildings_Around_Montaslavat.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Buildings_Around_Montaslavat.JPG/220px-Buildings_Around_Montaslavat.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Buildings_Around_Montaslavat.JPG/330px-Buildings_Around_Montaslavat.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Buildings_Around_Montaslavat.JPG/440px-Buildings_Around_Montaslavat.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>Buildings around Montsalvat</figcaption></figure> <p>Montsalvat is the creation of Justus Jorgensen and the work of many hands. Born in 1894, Jorgensen trained as an architect with a Melbourne firm of architects, Schreiber & Co. Later, he turned his talents to painting, enrolling at the National Gallery School of Art in Melbourne, whose principal was a leading member of the <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_School" title="Heidelberg School">Heidelberg School</a> of Artists, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_McCubbin" title="Frederick McCubbin">Frederick McCubbin</a>. In 1917, after hearing a lecture by the artist <a href="/wiki/Max_Meldrum" title="Max Meldrum">Max Meldrum</a>, Jorgensen decided to join the Meldrum Studio and adopt his <a href="/wiki/Australian_tonalism" title="Australian tonalism">tonalist</a> technique. </p><p>In 1924 Jorgensen married a medical student from <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, Lillian Smith. In the same year the couple travelled to Europe with a group of artist friends including John and Polly Farmer, Colin Colahan and Archie Colquhoun. The group painted at various places on their way across Italy, Spain, France and England. In their travels they visited many of the great European galleries to study the old and modern masters of European painting. Meldrum joined the group while they were painting in <a href="/wiki/Cassis" title="Cassis">Cassis</a>, a small French village near the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> coast. Later, some of them moved to Paris where Jorgensen established himself in a studio at 147 Rue Broca in the 13th Arrondissement. </p><p>He returned to Australia in 1929. During this period, Jorgensen enjoyed considerable success both in Paris and London, with exhibitions at several major galleries including being hung at the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_Summer_Exhibition" title="Royal Academy Summer Exhibition">Royal Academy Summer Exhibition</a> in both 1926 and 1927, a rare honor for an Australian. The influences of this period in Europe are apparent both in his painting and in the architecture of Montsalvat. Jorgensen bought a home and studio in the Melbourne bayside suburb of <a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Victoria" title="Brighton, Victoria">Brighton</a> and later leased an old warehouse in Queen Street, Melbourne as his city studio where he could work and teach. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist_houses_in_Montsalvat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Artist_houses_in_Montsalvat.jpg/220px-Artist_houses_in_Montsalvat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Artist_houses_in_Montsalvat.jpg/330px-Artist_houses_in_Montsalvat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Artist_houses_in_Montsalvat.jpg/440px-Artist_houses_in_Montsalvat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Artist houses</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1956 the studio had to be vacated when the building was demolished to make way for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Automobile_Club_of_Victoria" title="Royal Automobile Club of Victoria">Royal Automobile Club of Victoria</a> (RACV). The Queen Street classes had attracted many students and the studio had become an important hub of intellectual and <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohemian life">bohemian life</a> in conservative Melbourne. Jorgensen had continued to accept architectural work and in 1934 while working on the design and construction of a studio in <a href="/wiki/Eltham,_Victoria" title="Eltham, Victoria">Eltham</a> for the painter and cartoonist Percy Leason, he decided that it was here he wanted to live, and so the Montsalvat dream began. Jorgensen invited his students and friends to join him in Eltham where he harnessed their collective enthusiasm in the building of Montsalvat. </p><p>Among those early students and friends were author and critic Mervyn Skipper, his wife Lena and their three children (Helen, Sonia, and Matcham), Arthur Munday, George Charlmers, Lesley Sinclair, Sue Vanderkelen, Ian Robertson, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Lempriere" title="Helen Lempriere">Helen Lempriere</a>, John Smith, <a href="/wiki/John_Busst" title="John Busst">John Busst</a> and Myra Skipper. Percy Leason and his family lived next door and then there were the many friends who came to join in the work and the camaraderie of the camp.<sup id="cite_ref-symphony_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symphony-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two notable Australian artists said to be associated with Montsalvat were <a href="/wiki/Leonard_French" title="Leonard French">Leonard French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Tucker_(artist)" title="Albert Tucker (artist)">Albert Tucker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Montsalvat">Early Montsalvat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Montsalvat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chapel_at_Montsalvat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Chapel_at_Montsalvat.jpg/220px-The_Chapel_at_Montsalvat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Chapel_at_Montsalvat.jpg/330px-The_Chapel_at_Montsalvat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Chapel_at_Montsalvat.jpg/440px-The_Chapel_at_Montsalvat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>The Chapel</figcaption></figure> <p>The Eltham district had been settled since the 1850s; some of these early pioneers had used mud bricks to build their farmhouses, but the method had long been abandoned. Jorgensen saw value in the building technique. The local soils appeared suitable for both adobe (<a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">mudbrick</a>) and pisé de terre (<a href="/wiki/Rammed_earth" title="Rammed earth">rammed earth</a>) and it was cheap, so he set his students to work. He dispatched Arthur Munday, to the State Library in Melbourne to research the technique. There was little written material available, as the methods has been handed down from father to son. Arthur finally found in the writings of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> some of the information they were looking for. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">Slate</a> for the roofs came from a friend's recently demolished house, discarded fire bricks, <a href="/wiki/Tiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiles">tiles</a> and other material came from other sites. The recently demolished <a href="/wiki/Bijou_Theatre,_Melbourne" title="Bijou Theatre, Melbourne">Bijou Theatre</a> (in Bourke Street) proved a rich resource which provided the beautiful <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> circular staircase, architrave mouldings and some of the doors and windows. Helen Lempriere's family donated materials and money to build the ornamental pond. The many doors that open onto the pond area are from the cubicles that were the students' bedrooms, which have now been combined into one long studio. (The original inhabitants' initials can be seen on the front doorstep of each room). The small <a href="/wiki/Bluestone" title="Bluestone">bluestone</a> tower, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> studio and Long Gallery were added later to form the closed courtyard.<sup id="cite_ref-symphony_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symphony-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Great_Hall">The Great Hall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Great Hall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg/220px-Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg/330px-Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg/440px-Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The Great Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Work on the Great Hall began in 1938 with a local tradesman Len Jarrold as the leading hand. Jorgensen had originally designed a modest structure of mud brick, however during the excavation a reef of <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstone</a> was uncovered. The unique <a href="/wiki/Ochre" title="Ochre">ochre</a> tones of the stone inspired Jorgensen to re-design and the resulting larger structure was the Great Hall. He was fortunate in that <a href="/wiki/Whelan_the_Wrecker" title="Whelan the Wrecker">Whelan the Wreckers</a> were demolishing the charming Royal Insurance Building which stood at 414, Collins Street, Melbourne,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which contained the limestone windows and the stone balconies carved in the Gothic manner, that now adorn the Great Hall and give it its unique character. Students carved other windows and the gargoyles, which incorporated the traditional grotesque faces as seen in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_architecture" title="Medieval architecture">medieval architecture</a>. </p><p>Extra stone for the walls came from a nearby quarry and the <a href="/wiki/Bluestone" title="Bluestone">bluestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> from demolition sites across Melbourne. Some of the flagstones and roofing slates had originally been shipped from Ireland and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> as <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ballast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing ballast">ballast</a> aboard the sailing ships that serviced Australia in the 19th century. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wooden_staircase_in_The_Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wooden_staircase_in_The_Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg/170px-Wooden_staircase_in_The_Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wooden_staircase_in_The_Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg/255px-Wooden_staircase_in_The_Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wooden_staircase_in_The_Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg/340px-Wooden_staircase_in_The_Great_Hall_at_Montsalvat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Wooden staircase in the Great Hall.</figcaption></figure> <p>Work on the Great Hall was interrupted by the outbreak <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Some of the students enlisted in the armed forces while others assisted on the home front. Montsalvat was turned into a farm and market garden. Jorgensen and his now smaller 'team' turned their creative abilities to these new projects, building the barns and sheds. Materials were scarce, but they managed to scrounge odd bits and pieces – from discarded broken bricks and rusty galvanized iron to timber poles cut from the bush. Additional to the market garden was the dairy and poultry farm with the produce being sold through the local markets. </p><p>The Department of the Army took an interest and allowed a skilled joiner and cabinetmaker, Phil Taffe to help with the project. Phil, although almost blind, worked on the new buildings and helped make some of the <a href="/wiki/Refectory" title="Refectory">refectory</a> tables, stools, carved chairs and other furniture that can be seen in the Great Hall today. </p><p>After the war, work on the Great Hall and other buildings resumed. The slate floor in the hall and the wooden floors above were finally put in place. Students were given the task of carving the <a href="/wiki/Corbels" class="mw-redirect" title="Corbels">corbels</a> and other embellishments around the windows and doors as part of their training. Some of the stonework came from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Hall_(University_of_Melbourne)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilson Hall (University of Melbourne) (page does not exist)">Wilson Hall</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>, which had been badly damaged by fire in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local tradesmen joined the team, as did some new students and aspiring artists fresh back from the horrors of the war, like <a href="/wiki/Clifton_Pugh" title="Clifton Pugh">Clifton Pugh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Ford" title="Gordon Ford">Gordon Ford</a> and Joe Hannan and tradesmen Horry Judd, Bill Floyd, Wallt Stephens, Ken Howard, plus several refugees from Europe and Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-symphony_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symphony-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_history_and_today">Recent history and today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recent history and today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peacock_Montsalvat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Peacock_Montsalvat.jpg/170px-Peacock_Montsalvat.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Peacock_Montsalvat.jpg/255px-Peacock_Montsalvat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Peacock_Montsalvat.jpg/340px-Peacock_Montsalvat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2570" data-file-height="3762" /></a><figcaption>Montsalvat is known for its resident animals, including peacocks.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1975, Montsalvat became a <a href="/wiki/Charitable_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Charitable Trust">Charitable Trust</a> with Jorgensen's youngest son Sigmund as the chairman of the Trust and its administrator. In 1989 the work at Montsalvat was recognised by the Victorian Government when the property was placed on Heritage Victoria's Register, soon followed by a classification by the National Trust of Victoria. In October 1998 the Australian Heritage Commission included Montsalvat on the Australian Register of National Estate. (No. 100160) The <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Nillumbik" title="Shire of Nillumbik">Shire of Nillumbik</a> council has also listed the property as a Heritage Place. </p><p>In 1996 the red brick barn/workshop/studio towards the entrance was subjected to arson and burnt down.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was subsequently rebuilt and now forms the main entrance and exhibition space known as the Barn Gallery. This is now where the majority of exhibitions and performances are held today. </p><p>In 2006, an unpaid tax debt forced the current administration to sell land in nearby Christmas Hills after a bitter fight with a Victorian State Government appointed administrator.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montsalvat today is a place where emerging and established artists can present and perform their work. Its visual features are enjoyed by tourists from around the world, and it can be found listed in many major Melbourne tourist guides. Public events (including exhibitions and performances), Film and Photography, Celebrations and Gatherings of many types are held on the property and amongst its buildings frequently.<sup id="cite_ref-montsalvat_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montsalvat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Great Hall, Long Gallery, Barn Gallery and Chapel are used for private functions including weddings and receptions. Some Melbourne funeral directors use Montsalvat as a funeral venue. Montsalvat houses facilities for commercial gatherings such as seminars and conferences. Its spaces can accommodate up to 200 people, while formal meals can be provided for up to 120 guests.<sup id="cite_ref-montsalvat_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montsalvat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_depictions">Cultural depictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cultural depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the introduction of television, the European and medieval buildings quickly became a popular location for locally-filmed commercials. <a href="/wiki/Crawford_Productions" title="Crawford Productions">Crawford Productions</a> utilized it a number of times, including for its late 1960s spy series <i><a href="/wiki/Hunter_(1967_TV_series)" title="Hunter (1967 TV series)">Hunter</a></i>. It has been one of the filming locations for two vampire films, <i><a href="/wiki/Thirst_(1979_film)" title="Thirst (1979 film)">Thirst</a></i> in 1979,<sup id="cite_ref-NFSA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NFSA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Damned_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of the Damned (film)">Queen of the Damned</a></i> (2002). </p><p>It was used for the opening scenes of <a href="/wiki/John_D._Lamond" title="John D. Lamond">John D. Lamond</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a> film, <i><a href="/wiki/Felicity_(1979_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Felicity (1979 film)">Felicity</a></i> (1979). </p><p>Montsalvat was used as an abandoned monastery in episode 4 of <a href="/wiki/Neighbours" title="Neighbours">Neighbours</a> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In episode 5600 of <a href="/wiki/Neighbours" title="Neighbours">Neighbours</a> in 2008, it doubled as Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was used as a filming location for <i><a href="/wiki/Skithouse" title="Skithouse">Skithouse</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It was used for an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Miss_Fisher%27s_Murder_Mysteries" title="Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries">Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries</a></i> in 2013. The episode was titled "Murder under the Mistletoe" and was broadcast on <a href="/wiki/ABC1" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC1">ABC1</a> on 22 December 2013. </p><p>It was used for the wedding scene in Season 6 of the Australian drama <i><a href="/wiki/Offspring_(season_6)" class="mw-redirect" title="Offspring (season 6)">Offspring</a></i> in 2016. </p><p>Scenes for <i><a href="/wiki/Judy_and_Punch" title="Judy and Punch">Judy and Punch</a></i> (2019) set in 17th century Britain were filmed here.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The finale of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bachelor_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bachelor Australia">The Bachelor Australia</a></i> in 2023 was filmed at Montsalvat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_art" title="Australian art">Australian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_Hill_artists%27_camp" title="Box Hill artists' camp">Box Hill artists' camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heide_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Heide Museum of Modern Art">Heide Museum of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_School" title="Heidelberg School">Heidelberg School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Melbourne" title="Architecture of Melbourne">Architecture of Melbourne</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-montsalvat-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-montsalvat_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-montsalvat_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-montsalvat_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.montsalvat.com.au/">"Montsalvat"</a>. <i>Montsalvat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Montsalvat&rft.atitle=Montsalvat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.montsalvat.com.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontsalvat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-symphony-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-symphony_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-symphony_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-symphony_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-symphony_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Montsalvat – A Symphony of Mud and Stone</i>, Sigmund Jorgensen (2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Melbourne Architecture by Philip Goad p.140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A City Lost and Found by Robyn Annear p.94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohta.org.au/organs/organs/WilsonHallMelb.html">"Wilson Hall"</a>. Philip Goad & George Tibbits, Architecture on Campus; a Guide to the University of Melbourne and its Colleges. Carlton: Melbourne University Press, 2003, p.7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2015</span>. <q>In 1952 this building (Wilson Hall) was badly damaged in a major fire. While it may have been feasible to rebuilt it, such was the appreciation of Victorian architecture at the time, and the high cost, it was decided to demolish the remains; some of the stonework was recycled at 'Montsalvat', Eltham.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wilson+Hall&rft.pub=Philip+Goad+%26+George+Tibbits%2C+Architecture+on+Campus%3B+a+Guide+to+the+University+of+Melbourne+and+its+Colleges.+Carlton%3A+Melbourne+University+Press%2C+2003%2C+p.7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohta.org.au%2Forgans%2Forgans%2FWilsonHallMelb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontsalvat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Age Metro 8 July 1996, p. B1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinrichs2006" class="citation web cs1">Heinrichs, Paul (16 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/business/about-face-on-montsalvat-revamp-20060716-ge2q3o.html">"About-face on Montsalvat revamp"</a>. <i>The Age</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=About-face+on+Montsalvat+revamp&rft.date=2006-07-16&rft.aulast=Heinrichs&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fbusiness%2Fabout-face-on-montsalvat-revamp-20060716-ge2q3o.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontsalvat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NFSA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NFSA_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuipers2009" class="citation web cs1">Kuipers, Richard (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://australianscreen.com.au/titles/thirst/">"Thirst (1979)"</a>. <i>National Film and Sound Archive website</i>. National Film and Sound Archive<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Film+and+Sound+Archive+website&rft.atitle=Thirst+%281979%29&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Kuipers&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faustralianscreen.com.au%2Ftitles%2Fthirst%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontsalvat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighboursepisodes.com/index.php?year=1985&episode=0004">"Neighbours Episode 0004 from 1985 - NeighboursEpisodes.com"</a>. <i>www.neighboursepisodes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.neighboursepisodes.com&rft.atitle=Neighbours+Episode+0004+from+1985+-+NeighboursEpisodes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighboursepisodes.com%2Findex.php%3Fyear%3D1985%26episode%3D0004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontsalvat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighboursepisodes.com/index.php?year=2008&episode=5600">"Neighbours Episode 5600 from 2008 - NeighboursEpisodes.com"</a>. <i>www.neighboursepisodes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.neighboursepisodes.com&rft.atitle=Neighbours+Episode+5600+from+2008+-+NeighboursEpisodes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighboursepisodes.com%2Findex.php%3Fyear%3D2008%26episode%3D5600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontsalvat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2019" class="citation web cs1">Quinn, Karl (10 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/tarantino-s-once-upon-a-time-in-hollywood-to-screen-at-miff-2019-20190709-p525m6.html">"Tarantino's Once Upon a Time in Hollywood to screen at MIFF 2019"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Tarantino%27s+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+Hollywood+to+screen+at+MIFF+2019&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Ftarantino-s-once-upon-a-time-in-hollywood-to-screen-at-miff-2019-20190709-p525m6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontsalvat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montsalvat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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