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Juli Cesar — Wikipèdia
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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Naissença,_educacion_e_jovença" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naissença,_educacion_e_jovença"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Naissença, educacion e jovença</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naissença,_educacion_e_jovença-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maridatge_e_descendéncia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maridatge_e_descendéncia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Maridatge e descendéncia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maridatge_e_descendéncia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contèxte_politic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contèxte_politic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contèxte politic</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contèxte_politic-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Contèxte politic</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contèxte_politic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dificultats_economicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dificultats_economicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dificultats economicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dificultats_economicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crisi_deis_institucions_republicanas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crisi_deis_institucions_republicanas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Crisi deis institucions republicanas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crisi_deis_institucions_republicanas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carriera_politica_e_militara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carriera_politica_e_militara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Carriera politica e militara</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Carriera_politica_e_militara-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Carriera politica e militara</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Carriera_politica_e_militara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L'ascension_politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'ascension_politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>L'ascension politica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'ascension_politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_premier_triumvirat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_premier_triumvirat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Lo premier triumvirat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_premier_triumvirat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_conquista_de_Gàllia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_conquista_de_Gàllia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>La conquista de Gàllia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_conquista_de_Gàllia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_fin_dau_triumvirat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_fin_dau_triumvirat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>La fin dau triumvirat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_fin_dau_triumvirat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_guèrra_civila_còntra_Pompèa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_guèrra_civila_còntra_Pompèa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>La guèrra civila còntra Pompèa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_guèrra_civila_còntra_Pompèa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_fondacion_d'un_òrdre_roman_novèu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_fondacion_d'un_òrdre_roman_novèu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>La fondacion d'un òrdre roman novèu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_fondacion_d'un_òrdre_roman_novèu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fin_de_vida_e_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fin_de_vida_e_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fin de vida e succession</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fin_de_vida_e_succession-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Fin de vida e succession</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fin_de_vida_e_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_menaça_d'una_restauracion_de_la_monarquia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_menaça_d'una_restauracion_de_la_monarquia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>La menaça d'una restauracion de la monarquia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_menaça_d'una_restauracion_de_la_monarquia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_complòt_dei_partisans_de_la_Republica_e_l'execucion_de_Cesar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_complòt_dei_partisans_de_la_Republica_e_l'execucion_de_Cesar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Lo complòt dei partisans de la Republica e l'execucion de Cesar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_complòt_dei_partisans_de_la_Republica_e_l'execucion_de_Cesar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_partiment_de_son_eiretatge_e_la_lucha_de_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_partiment_de_son_eiretatge_e_la_lucha_de_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Lo partiment de son eiretatge e la lucha de succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_partiment_de_son_eiretatge_e_la_lucha_de_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Juli Cesar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 215 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-215" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">215 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%98%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гаи Иулии Цезар - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Гаи Иулии Цезар" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Julius_C%C3%A4sar" title="Gaius Julius Cäsar - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gaius Julius Cäsar" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A9%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%A9%E1%88%B5_%E1%89%84%E1%88%B3%E1%88%AD" title="ዩሊዩስ ቄሳር - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዩሊዩስ ቄሳር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chulio_C%C3%A9sar" title="Chulio César - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chulio César" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Iulius_Caesar" title="Gaius Iulius Caesar - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gaius Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juli%E1%BB%8Ds_Sisa" title="Juliọs Sisa - obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Juliọs Sisa" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="जूलियस सीजर - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जूलियस सीजर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="يوليوس قيصر - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوليوس قيصر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="يوليوس قيصر - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوليوس قيصر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="জুলিয়াছ চিজাৰ - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জুলিয়াছ চিজাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuliu_C%C3%A9sar" title="Xuliu César - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xuliu César" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Юлиус Кайсар - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Юлиус Кайсар" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iulius_Caesar" title="Iulius Caesar - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="जूलियस सिजर - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जूलियस सिजर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuli_Sezar" title="Yuli Sezar - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yuli Sezar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ژولیوس سزار - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژولیوس سزار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Юлий Цезарь - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajos_Jol%C4%97jos_Cezaris" title="Gajos Jolėjos Cezaris - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gajos Jolėjos Cezaris" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гай Юлій Цэзар - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гай Юлій Цэзар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8E%D1%81_%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гай Юліюс Цэзар - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гай Юліюс Цэзар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Ka%C3%A8sar" title="Julius Kaèsar - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Julius Kaèsar" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Юлий Цезар - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Юлий Цезар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="जूलियस सीजर - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जूलियस सीजर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জুলিয়াস সিজার - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জুলিয়াস সিজার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡིའུ་ལི་ཝུའུ་སི་ཁའེ་ས། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡིའུ་ལི་ཝུའུ་སི་ཁའེ་ས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caius_Julius_Caesar" title="Caius Julius Caesar - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Caius Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julije_Cezar" title="Julije Cezar - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Julije Cezar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Юлий Цезарь - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juli_C%C3%A8sar" title="Juli Cèsar - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Juli Cèsar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Гай Юлий Цезарь - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гай Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B3%DB%8E%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جولیوس سێزار - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جولیوس سێزار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaiu_Giuliu_Cesare" title="Gaiu Giuliu Cesare - còrs" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Gaiu Giuliu Cesare" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="còrs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Гай Юлий Цезарь - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гай Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%B5l_Cesar" title="Iŵl Cesar - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iŵl Cesar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_C%C3%A6sar" title="Julius Cæsar - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Julius Cæsar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Iulius_Caesar" title="Gaius Iulius Caesar - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gaius Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar" title="Caesar - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Caesar" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - dusun central" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="dusun central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81" title="Ιούλιος Καίσαρ - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιούλιος Καίσαρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Cezaro" title="Julio Cezaro - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Julio Cezaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_C%C3%A9sar" title="Julio César - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Julio César" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Zesar" title="Julio Zesar - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Julio Zesar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliu_Cesa" title="Juliu Cesa - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Juliu Cesa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ژولیوس سزار - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژولیوس سزار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_C%C3%A6sar" title="Julius Cæsar - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Julius Cæsar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_C%C3%A9sar" title="Jules César - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jules César" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julo_C%C3%A8s%C3%A2r" title="Julo Cèsâr - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Julo Cèsâr" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_C%C3%A4sar" title="Julius Cäsar - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Julius Cäsar" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juli_Cesar" title="Juli Cesar - friolan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Juli Cesar" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friolan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%BAil_Caesar" title="Iúil Caesar - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iúil Caesar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E6%92%92%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="凱撒大帝 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="凱撒大帝" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_C%C3%A9sar" title="Jules César - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jules César" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iulius_Caesar" title="Iulius Caesar - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xulio_C%C3%A9sar" title="Xulio César - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xulio César" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_C%C3%A9sar" title="Julio César - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Julio César" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83_%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82" title="𐌾𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 - gòtic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌾𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gòtic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%B0" title="જુલિયસ સીઝર - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જુલિયસ સીઝર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jool_Kaesar" title="Jool Kaesar - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Jool Kaesar" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iulius_Caesar" title="Iulius Caesar - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8" title="יוליוס קיסר - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוליוס קיסר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="जुलियस सीसर - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जुलियस सीसर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaj_Julije_Cezar" title="Gaj Julije Cezar - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gaj Julije Cezar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caius_Iulius_Caesar" title="Caius Iulius Caesar - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Caius Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BD_%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Հուլիոս Կեսար - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հուլիոս Կեսար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Cesare" title="Julio Cesare - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Julio Cesare" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulius_Kaisar" title="Yulius Kaisar - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yulius Kaisar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iulius_Caesar" title="Iulius Caesar - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAl%C3%ADus_Caesar" title="Júlíus Caesar - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Júlíus Caesar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaio_Giulio_Cesare" title="Gaio Giulio Cesare - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gaio Giulio Cesare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A6%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB" title="ガイウス・ユリウス・カエサル - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガイウス・ユリウス・カエサル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.iuli%27us._kaisar." title=".iuli'us. kaisar. - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title=".iuli'us. kaisar." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="იულიუს კეისარი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იულიუს კეისარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Юлый Цезар - kabardí" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Юлый Цезар" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_C%C3%A9sar" title="Jules César - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Jules César" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - kikuiu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Гай Юлий Цезарь - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гай Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8D_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A" title="ជូលីស៍ សេសារ - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជូលីស៍ សេសារ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೂಲಿಯಸ್ ಸೀಜರ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೂಲಿಯಸ್ ಸೀಜರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%AC%EB%A5%B4" title="율리우스 카이사르 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="율리우스 카이사르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Caesar" title="Gaius Julius Caesar - kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Gaius Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Юлий Цезарь - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Iulius_Caesar" title="Gaius Iulius Caesar - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gaius Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Iulius_Caesar" title="Gaius Iulius Caesar - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gaius Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Юлий Цезарь - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar" title="Cesar - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cesar" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulio_Cesare" title="Giulio Cesare - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Giulio Cesare" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Iulius_Zesar" title="Gaius Iulius Zesar - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gaius Iulius Zesar" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuli_Ceser" title="Giuli Ceser - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giuli Ceser" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajus_Julijus_Cezaris" title="Gajus Julijus Cezaris - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gajus Julijus Cezaris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABlijs_C%C4%93zars" title="Jūlijs Cēzars - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jūlijs Cēzars" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulius_Kaisar" title="Yulius Kaisar - madurès" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Yulius Kaisar" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="जूलियस सिजर - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जूलियस सिजर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolio_Kaisara" title="Jolio Kaisara - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jolio Kaisara" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%88%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гај Јулиј Цезар - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гај Јулиј Цезар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC" title="ജൂലിയസ് സീസർ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൂലിയസ് സീസർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Юлий Цезарь - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%B0" title="ज्युलियस सीझर - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ज्युलियस सीझर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_C%C3%A9sar" title="Júlio César - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Júlio César" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%87%E1%80%AC" title="ဂျူးလိယက်ဆီဇာ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျူးလိယက်ဆီဇာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سزار - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سزار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaio_Giulio_Cesare" title="Gaio Giulio Cesare - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Gaio Giulio Cesare" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Caesar" title="Gaius Julius Caesar - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gaius Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="जुलियस सिजर - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जुलियस सिजर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="जुलियस सिजर - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जुलियस सिजर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_C%C3%A6sar" title="Julius Cæsar - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Julius Cæsar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_C%C3%A6sar" title="Julius Cæsar - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Julius Cæsar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_C%C3%A9sar" title="Jules César - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Jules César" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%B8_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B0" title="ଜୁଲିଅସ ସିଜର - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜୁଲିଅସ ସିଜର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜੂਲੀਅਸ ਸੀਜ਼ਰ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੂਲੀਅਸ ਸੀਜ਼ਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Ch%C3%A9sar" title="Jules Chésar - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jules Chésar" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_C%C3%A4sar" title="Julius Cäsar - alemany pennsilvanià" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Julius Cäsar" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="alemany pennsilvanià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajusz_Juliusz_Cezar" title="Gajusz Juliusz Cezar - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gajusz Juliusz Cezar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajo_Giulio_C%C3%A9ser" title="Gajo Giulio Céser - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gajo Giulio Céser" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="جولیس سیزر - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جولیس سیزر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="جولیوس قیصر - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جولیوس قیصر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_C%C3%A9sar" title="Júlio César - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Júlio César" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Iulius_Caesar" title="Gaius Iulius Caesar - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Gaius Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iulius_Cezar" title="Iulius Cezar - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iulius Cezar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Гай Юлий Цезарь - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гай Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гай Юлий Цезар - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гай Юлий Цезар" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="जुलियस कैसर - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जुलियस कैसर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Юлий Цезарь - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱡᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱡᱟᱨ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱡᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaio_Giulio_Cesare" title="Gaio Giulio Cesare - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gaio Giulio Cesare" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caiu_Giuliu_C%C3%A8sari" title="Caiu Giuliu Cèsari - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Caiu Giuliu Cèsari" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="جوليس سيزر - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جوليس سيزر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julije_Cezar" title="Julije Cezar - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Julije Cezar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="ජුලියස් සීසර් - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජුලියස් සීසර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Iulius_Caesar" title="Gaius Iulius Caesar - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gaius Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaj_Julij_Cezar" title="Gaj Julij Cezar - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gaj Julij Cezar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juuliyoos_Qeysar" title="Juuliyoos Qeysar - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Juuliyoos Qeysar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jul_%C3%87ezari" title="Jul Çezari - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jul Çezari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Јулије Цезар - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јулије Цезар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - soto del sud" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="soto del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Iulius_Caesar" title="Gaius Iulius Caesar - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Gaius Iulius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="யூலியசு சீசர் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யூலியசு சீசர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="జూలియస్ సీజర్ - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జూలియస్ సీజర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Caesar" title="Gaius Julius Caesar - tètum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Gaius Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tètum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Юлий Сезар - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Юлий Сезар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="จูเลียส ซีซาร์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จูเลียส ซีซาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Cesar" title="Julio Cesar - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Julio Cesar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCl_Sezar" title="Jül Sezar - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jül Sezar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Гай Юлий Цезарь - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гай Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Гай Юлий Цезарь - tuvinià" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Гай Юлий Цезарь" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%87%D9%84%D9%89%D8%A6%DB%87%D8%B3_%D9%82%DB%95%D9%8A%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1" title="يۇلىئۇس قەيسەر - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يۇلىئۇس قەيسەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гай Юлій Цезар - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гай Юлій Цезар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="جولیس سیزر - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جولیس سیزر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaio_Giulio_Cesare" title="Gaio Giulio Cesare - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gaio Giulio Cesare" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gai_Julii_Cezar%27" title="Gai Julii Cezar' - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gai Julii Cezar'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djule_Cez%C3%A5r" title="Djule Cezår - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djule Cezår" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - wòlof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wòlof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E6%92%92" title="凱撒 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="凱撒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="იულიუს კეისარი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იულიუს კეისარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="יוליוס קייסער - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יוליוס קייסער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliu_K%C3%A9s%C3%A1r%C3%AC" title="Juliu Késárì - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Juliu Késárì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaejsa" title="Gaejsa - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gaejsa" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99_%E2%B5%87%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9A%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%95" title="ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵙ ⵇⴰⵢⵚⴰⵕ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵙ ⵇⴰⵢⵚⴰⵕ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E6%92%92" title="尤利烏斯·凱撒 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尤利烏斯·凱撒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E6%92%92" title="凱撒 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="凱撒" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Julius Caesar" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E6%92%92" title="凱撒 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="凱撒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1048#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Juli_Cesar" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Juli_Cesar&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Juli_Cesar"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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aver."><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="//oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Ti%C3%A8ra_de_1000_articles_que_totas_las_Wikip%C3%A8dias_deuri%C3%A1n_aver"><img alt="Tièra de 1000 articles que totas las Wikipèdias deurián aver." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/24px-1000F.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/36px-1000F.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/49px-1000F.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="908" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Bust_of_Gaius_Iulius_Caesar_in_Naples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bust_of_Gaius_Iulius_Caesar_in_Naples.jpg/220px-Bust_of_Gaius_Iulius_Caesar_in_Naples.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="399" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bust_of_Gaius_Iulius_Caesar_in_Naples.jpg/330px-Bust_of_Gaius_Iulius_Caesar_in_Naples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bust_of_Gaius_Iulius_Caesar_in_Naples.jpg/440px-Bust_of_Gaius_Iulius_Caesar_in_Naples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1450" /></a><figcaption>Buste de Juli Cesar.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Juli Cesar</b> (nom <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> complèt <b>Gaius Iulius Caesar</b>) (vèrs <a href="/wiki/-100" class="mw-redirect" title="-100">100</a>- 15 de març <a href="/wiki/-44" class="mw-redirect" title="-44">44 avC</a>) foguèt un generau e un òme d'estat roman que tenguèt un ròtle primordiau dins la transformacion de la <a href="/wiki/Republica_Romana" title="Republica Romana">Republica Romana</a> en <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman">Empèri Roman</a>. D'efèct, orator famós elegit ai foncions pus autas de la Republica gràcias au sostèn dei classas popularas e de l'aristocràcia bassa, formèt una aliança politica ambé Crassus e Pompèa que li permetèt de dominar la vida politica romana fins a sa partença per la conquista de Gàllia de <a href="/wiki/-58" class="mw-redirect" title="-58">58</a> a <a href="/wiki/-51" class="mw-redirect" title="-51">51</a> avC. A son retorn, deguèt faciar l'ostilitat dau Senat e de Pompèa que va entraïnar una guèrra civila fins a <a href="/wiki/-46" class="mw-redirect" title="-46">46 avC</a>. Venceire, Cesar venguèt lo mèstre unic de Roma. Pasmens, la menaça d'una restauracion de la monarquiá romana a son profiech uniguèt seis advèrsaris dins un complòt que capitèt de l'assassinar. A sa mòrt, la situacion politica romana venguèt marrida e divèrsei guèrras civilas van s'acabar per l'instauracion de l'Empèri sota la direccion de son nebot <a href="/wiki/August" title="August">Octavi</a> vengut August. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissença,_educacion_e_jovença"><span id="Naissen.C3.A7a.2C_educacion_e_joven.C3.A7a"></span>Naissença, educacion e jovença</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Naissença, educacion e jovença" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Naissença, educacion e jovença"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:G_J_Caesar-pater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/G_J_Caesar-pater.jpg/220px-G_J_Caesar-pater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/G_J_Caesar-pater.jpg/330px-G_J_Caesar-pater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/G_J_Caesar-pater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>Retrach dau paire de Juli Cesar.</figcaption></figure> <p>Juli Cesar nasquèt vèrs <a href="/wiki/-100" class="mw-redirect" title="-100">100 avC</a> dins la familha patriciana deis Iulii. Son paire èra Caius Iulius Caesar III que foguèt pretor en <a href="/wiki/-92" class="mw-redirect" title="-92">92 avC</a> e sa maire <a href="/wiki/Aurelia_Cotta" title="Aurelia Cotta">Aurelia Cotta</a>. Aguèt tanben doas sòrres dichas Julia Caesaris Minor e Julia Caesaris Maior. Sa familha fasiá de l'aristocràcia menora de la Republica Romana. Pasmens, maugrat aquel estatut, certanei de sei membres agantèron de pòstes importants au sen deis institucions republicanas coma l'oncle de Cesar, Sextus Iulius Caesar III, que foguèt consul en <a href="/wiki/-91" class="mw-redirect" title="-91">91 avC</a>. De mai, la familha Cotta, tanben d'origina patriciana, teniá tanben de relacions e de proteccions importantas que foguèron utilas pendent lei premiereis annadas de la carriera politica de Cesar. </p><p>Dirigida per sa maire, l'educacion de Cesar e de sei sòrres foguèt exemplara<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Venguèt un orator fòrça dotat e mestrejèt fòrça ben totei leis arts dei relacions socialas romanas : amabilitat e cortesiá ambé seis òstes, prodigalitat sensa retenguda,viure dau monde pendent lei banquets, discussion brilhanta e cultura importanta<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Gràcias a aquelei qualitats, Cesar se dirigiguèt vèrs la vida politica de Roma dins lo camp dei <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Populares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Populares (la pagina existís pas)">populares</a></i> que sa familha èra membre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maridatge_e_descendéncia"><span id="Maridatge_e_descend.C3.A9ncia"></span>Maridatge e descendéncia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Maridatge e descendéncia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Maridatge e descendéncia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contèxte_politic"><span id="Cont.C3.A8xte_politic"></span>Contèxte politic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Contèxte politic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Contèxte politic"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pendent lo sègle I avC, Roma foguèt entraïnada dins una tièra de conquistas novèlas sota l'influéncia de generaus ambiciós. Marius conquistèt una partida de Numibia, Silla prenguèt definitivament lo contraròtle de Grècia e ocupèt una partida d'Anatòlia e, enfin, Pompèa conquistèt Siria e ocupèt lo reiaume de Judèa. Òr, aqueleis agrandiments e sei consequéncias ai nivèus politics, economics e sociaus van destabilizacion leis institucions e l'estructura de la Republica Romana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dificultats_economicas">Dificultats economicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Dificultats economicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Dificultats economicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Au nivèu economic, lei conquistas dau sègle I avC e la distribucion dei butins de guèrra e dei tributs pagats per lei províncias permetèron l'enrichiment de l'Estat e de certanei particulars. Ansin, lei bens publics foguèron pauc a pauc partejats entre lei membres de l'aristocràcia. Lei senators assaièron d'encaparrar lo maximum de terrens e lei chivaliers, classa inferiora de la noblesa mai en plena ascension, s'ocupèron de l'esplecha dau rèsta dei bens publics e d'activitats comercialas o financieras. Pasmens, lo rèsta dei ciutadans romans e de la populacion dei territòris contraròtlats per la Republica, especialament leis abitants deis autrei ciutats <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italianas</a>, demorèron en defòra de la proprietat e dei revenguts produchs per aquelei bens. Aquelei tensions economicas va rapidàment trobar un ecò au nivèu politic e entraïnar una crisi grèva deis institucions de la Republica Romana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crisi_deis_institucions_republicanas">Crisi deis institucions republicanas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Crisi deis institucions republicanas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Crisi deis institucions republicanas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Causada per leis inegalitats economicas multiplas, la crisi deis institucions republicanas regardèt dos nivèus de la societat romana : l'estatut dei vilas italianas somesas per leis armadas romanas e la lucha entre lei faccions politicas <i>popularas</i> e <i>optimates</i> dins Roma. Enfin, se fau notar la reforma de l'armada romana lei consulats de Marius. Au contrari dau modèl d'armada dei premiers sègles de la Republica, sei soudats èran plus de ciutadans protegent Roma mai de professionaus estacats a un generau. Aquò afebliguèt lo contraròtle dau Senat e dei consuls sus lei fòrças armadas aumentant lei possibilitats de còps d'estat car lei generaus aprofichèron sei succès per realizar de carrieras politicas majoras. De mai, aquela reforma donèt una valor fòrça inegala ai diferenteis unitats militaras romanas en foncion de lor generau. La repression malaisada de la revòuta d'esclaus d'<a href="/wiki/Espartac" title="Espartac">Espartac</a> (73-71 avC) ne'n foguèt la demonstracion. </p><p>Lei tensions entre Roma e lo rèsta dei vilas d'Itàlia virèron en guèrra civila (<a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Sociala" title="Guèrra Sociala">Guèrra Sociala</a>) de <a href="/wiki/-91" class="mw-redirect" title="-91">91</a> a <a href="/wiki/-88" class="mw-redirect" title="-88">88</a> avC. Leis abitants dei províncias, que sei governadors avián pus esplechadas qu'administradas, revendiquèron l'egalitat ambé lei ciutadans romans. Après una guèrra acarnada e una repression saunosa, lei revòutas obtenguèron finalament satisfaccion. </p><p>En revènge, a l'interior de la capitala, la situacion politica se melhorèt pas entre <i>popularas</i>, favorables ai revendicacions dei classas popularas e de l'aristocràcia bassa, e <i>optimates</i> defendent una linha conservatritz e lo mantenement deis institucions republicanas. Lo conflicte entre lei doas tendàncias acomencèt vèrs <a href="/wiki/-130" class="mw-redirect" title="-130">130 avC</a> ambé leis assais de reformas dei fraires Grac. En causa de l'afebliment dau poder centrau e de l'autonomia granda de l'armada romana, aquelei tensions causèron divèrsei guèrras civilas entre lei partisans de Marius favorable ai <i>populares</i> e Silla favorable ais <i>optimates</i>. Lo segond foguèt venceire e installèt sa dictatura. Seis objectius èran d'eliminar seis advèrsaris politics e de restaurar l'autoritat dau Senat. Pasmens, son òbra subrevisquèt gaire a sa mòrt en <a href="/wiki/-78" class="mw-redirect" title="-78">78 avC</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carriera_politica_e_militara">Carriera politica e militara</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Carriera politica e militara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Carriera politica e militara"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'ascension_politica"><span id="L.27ascension_politica"></span>L'ascension politica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : L'ascension politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'ascension politica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'ascension politica au sen de la vida politica romana se debanèt de <a href="/wiki/-78" class="mw-redirect" title="-78">78</a> avC a son eleccion coma consul en <a href="/wiki/-59" class="mw-redirect" title="-59">59 avC</a>. Pasmens, sei relacions ambé lo monde politic acomencèron tre la fin deis annadas 80 avC. D'efèct tre <a href="/wiki/-82" class="mw-redirect" title="-82">82 avC</a>, Cesar, que sa familha fasiá partida dei <i>populares</i>, deguèt faciar l'ostilitat de Silla. Foguèt somat de repudiar sa frema <a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Cinna" title="Cornelia Cinna">Cornelia Cinna</a>. Refusèt mai deguèt s'alunchar de Roma. I perdiguèt una carga dins lo clergat de Jupitèr obtenguda en <a href="/wiki/-84" class="mw-redirect" title="-84">84 avC</a>, la dot de son maridatge e la màger part de seis eiretatges. Après quauquei mes, lo sostèn de sa familha maternala permetèt d'arrestar sa traca per lei partisans de Silla. Dins aquò, Cesar preferiguèt s'exilar dins lei províncias orientalas que i participèt a d'operacions militaras coma lo sètge de Mitilena. Rintrèt a Roma après la mòrt de Silla en <a href="/wiki/-78" class="mw-redirect" title="-78">78 avC</a>. </p><p>La carriera politica de Cesar acomencèt per d'accusacions publicas còntra de governadors partisans de Silla. Aquò foguèt l'occasion de venir una figura coneguda de la vida politica romana maugrat doas reviradas còntra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Cornelius_Dolabella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella (la pagina existís pas)">Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Antonius_Hybrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Antonius Hybrida (la pagina existís pas)">Gaius Antonius Hybrida</a>. Pasmens, se lo premier èra pron poderós per obtenir l'ajuda d'uneis orators e un sostèn politic important, lo segond deguèt demandar l'intervencion dei tribuns per empachar una condamnacion. Puei, Cesar anèt en Grècia a Ròda per melhorar son talent d'orator. Au retorn, foguèt capturat per de piratas e deguèt pagar un recapte per sa liberacion. </p><p>Durant son absència de Roma, foguèt estat nomat pontife. Rintrèt en <a href="/wiki/-73" class="mw-redirect" title="-73">73 avC</a> e entreprenguèt de realizar lo <i><a href="/wiki/Cursus_honorum" title="Cursus honorum">cursus honorum</a></i>. Per aquò, Cesar decidiguèt d'empruntar fòrça de sòus per poder flatar leis electors. Lei resultats foguèron rapidàment obtenguts. Venguèt questor en <a href="/wiki/-69" class="mw-redirect" title="-69">69 avC</a>, senator en <a href="/wiki/-67" class="mw-redirect" title="-67">67 avC</a>, edil en <a href="/wiki/-65" class="mw-redirect" title="-65">65 avC</a>, Pontifex Maximus en <a href="/wiki/-63" class="mw-redirect" title="-63">63 avC</a>, pretor en <a href="/wiki/-62" class="mw-redirect" title="-62">62 avC</a>, propretor per <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">Espanha</a> en <a href="/wiki/-61" class="mw-redirect" title="-61">61 avC</a> e enfin consul en <a href="/wiki/-59" class="mw-redirect" title="-59">59 avC</a>. Durant aqueleis annadas, venguèt un membre eminent dei <i>populares</i> e un pròche de Licinius Crassus, una dei premierei fortunas de Roma. Vèrs la fin deis annadas 60 avC, aprofichèt sei pòstes per ajudar un complòt mancat per atribuir la dictatura a Crassus e faguèt probablament partida dei partisans de Catilina a l'interior de Roma esperant un succès de la conjuracion per prendre lo contraròtle de la ciutat. Dins aqueu darrier cas, sa popularitat e l'absència de pròvas evidentas entraïnèt l'abandon rapids dei sospicions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_premier_triumvirat">Lo premier triumvirat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo premier triumvirat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo premier triumvirat"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo premier triumvirat foguèt lo nom donat a l'aliança formada per Cesar, Crassus e Pompèa per dirigir la politica de la Republica Romana. Permetèt l'eleccion de Cesar coma consul en <a href="/wiki/-60" class="mw-redirect" title="-60">60 avC</a> per l'annada 59 avC. Consul, Cesar capitèt rapidàment son omològ Bibulus dau partit de l'aristocràcia qu'aviá d'empachar Cesar d'aplicar sa politica per una tièra de mesuras gaire abilas coma lo tiratge d'augurs marridas per empachar lei reünions de vòte. Après quatre mes de blocatge, foguèt caçat dau forum per la fòga e demorèt dins son domeni fins a la fin de l'annada. Ansin, Cesar poguèt donc contentar lei classas popularas, cumplir lei promessas de Pompèa que lo Senat aviá refusadas après son succès còntra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitridates_VI_Eupator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitridates VI Eupator (la pagina existís pas)">Mitridates VI Eupator</a> e trobar de sostèns novèus dins l'aristocràcia bassa o en província. </p><p>Lei metòdes de Cesar foguèron generalament autoritàrias per butassar l'oposicion dau Senat e, de còps, aquela dau tribunat dei plebèus. Sei mesuras principalas foguèron la ratificacion dei promessas politicas de Pompèa en Òrient, l'adopcion d'una lèi agrària permetent de distribuir de terrens publics ai veterans de Pompèa e ai paures de Roma e una reforma de l'administracion dei províncias. Capitèt tanben de formar una aliança politica entre Roma e Egipte. I obtenguèt una recompensa dau rèi Ptolemèu XIII que li permetèt de pagar lo rèsta de sei deutes. </p><p>A la fin de son annada de consulat, lo nombre de partisans de Cesar aviá donc fòrtament aumentat e poguèt preparar sa partença per Gàllia. Aliat ambé lei tribuns dei plebèus, obtenguèt lo govèrn dei províncias dau nòrd d'Itàlia e dau sud de Gàllia. Enfin, poguèt ajudar l'eleccion d'amics ai pòstes majors de la Republica e exilar son advèrsari Ciceron. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_conquista_de_Gàllia"><span id="La_conquista_de_G.C3.A0llia"></span>La conquista de Gàllia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : La conquista de Gàllia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La conquista de Gàllia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg/220px-Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg/330px-Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg/440px-Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption>Pintura representant la capitulacion de Vercingetorix en <a href="/wiki/-52" class="mw-redirect" title="-52">52 avC</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La conquista de Gàllia se debanèt de <a href="/wiki/-58" class="mw-redirect" title="-58">58</a> a <a href="/wiki/-51" class="mw-redirect" title="-51">51 avC</a>. L'objectiu d'aquela guèrra èra d'aumentar son prestigi e sa fortuna e d'assegurar la fidelitat d'un nombre important de soudats. Au començament de la guèrra, Cesar assaièt d'instaurar de protectorats romans sus lei pòbles de la region e de trobar d'aliats fisables. Pasmens, seis operacions de pacificacion se turtèron pauc a pauc a una resisténcia fòrta car lei Gallès èran pus organizats que previst e se revoutèron mai d'un còp còntra lei Romans. Ansin, la guèrra se transformèt en guèrra de conquista que va s'acabar per l'eliminacion d'unei pòbles e l'annexion de Gàllia a l'empèri de la Republica Romana. </p><p>Leis operacions acomencèron en <a href="/wiki/-58" class="mw-redirect" title="-58">58 avC</a> quand leis Eduens demandèron son ajuda per arrestar la migracion deis Elvètas. Puei, s'ocupèt de replegar la temptativa d'invasion d'una coalicion germanica, sostenguda per certanei Gallés, d'Arioviste totjorn en <a href="/wiki/-58" class="mw-redirect" title="-58">58 avC</a>. Aquelei dos succès li permetèt d'obtenir l'aliança deis Eduens e de venir l'arbitre dei relacions entre pòbles gallés. De <a href="/wiki/-56" class="mw-redirect" title="-56">56 avC</a> a <a href="/wiki/-54" class="mw-redirect" title="-54">54 avC</a>, Cesar someteguèt lei populacions dei regions pròchas l'Ocean Atlantic e la Manja, traversèt lo Ren per una demonstracion militara sus lo territòri german e impausèt un tribut — teoric — a certanei tribús de Granda Bretanha. </p><p>Pasmens, a partir de <a href="/wiki/-54" class="mw-redirect" title="-54">54 avC</a>, la situacion venguèt pus malaisada e dos revòutas generalas se debanèron en <a href="/wiki/-54" class="mw-redirect" title="-54">54 avC</a> puei en <a href="/wiki/-52" class="mw-redirect" title="-52">52 avC</a>. Lei doas foguèron reprimidas e après la rediccion de <a href="/wiki/Vercingetorix" title="Vercingetorix">Vercingetorix</a> a l'eissida dau sètge d'Alesia. Dins aquò, au contrari dei Commentaris de Cesar, Alesia marquèt pas la fin finala de la conquista car de resisténcias localas deguèron èstre vencudas durant tot l'annada seguenta fins a la presa d'<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8tge_d%27Uxellodunum" title="Sètge d'Uxellodunum">Uxellodunum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_fin_dau_triumvirat">La fin dau triumvirat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : La fin dau triumvirat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La fin dau triumvirat"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durant l'abséncia de Cesar, seis advèrsaris romans finiguèron per se renfòrçar tornarmai e per organizar de complòts còntra lo poder de Cesar jutjat tròp important o còntra la politica de son consulat qu'aviá creada una ostilitat gròssa dins l'aristocràcia. Lo Senat venguèt pauc a pauc lo centre d'aquela contestacion e la mòrt de Crassus en <a href="/wiki/-53" class="mw-redirect" title="-53">53 avC</a>, que marquèt la fin dau triumvirat, foguèt l'occasion per encoratjar lei dissensions entre Pompèa e Cesar. Lo premier venguèt pauc a pauc lo cap de l'oposicion a Cesar e lei republicans assiaèron de l'utilizar per abaissar lo prestigi de Cesar. </p><p>Lo Senat acomencèt d'aplicar oficialament aquela politica a partir de <a href="/wiki/-52" class="mw-redirect" title="-52">52 avC</a> quand Pompèa foguèt nomat consul unic. Per s'i opausar, Cesar demandèt l'autorizacion de se presentar au segond pòste sensa venir a Roma ambé lo sostèn dei tribuns dei plebèus. Lo Senat, ajudat per Pompèa, refusèt. Cesar demorèt donc dins lo nòrd d'Itàlia onte concentrèt de tropas per la seguida deis eveniments. Son refús d'abandonar sei cargas oficialas coma cap dei províncias dau nòrd d'Itàlia e dau sud de Gàllia après la fin de sei mandats entraïnèt l'òrdre de son retorn a Roma per lo Senat. Refusant tornarmai d'obeïr, Cesar e son armada se dirigiguèt donc vèrs la capitala que foguèt abandonada per Pompèa e sei partisans. Aquò foguèt lo començament de la guèrra civila. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_guèrra_civila_còntra_Pompèa"><span id="La_gu.C3.A8rra_civila_c.C3.B2ntra_Pomp.C3.A8a"></span>La guèrra civila còntra Pompèa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : La guèrra civila còntra Pompèa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La guèrra civila còntra Pompèa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pomp%C3%A9e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pomp%C3%A9e.jpg/220px-Pomp%C3%A9e.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Pomp%C3%A9e.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Buste de Pompèa.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg/220px-Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg/330px-Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg/440px-Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1149" data-file-height="1523" /></a><figcaption>Buste de Cleopatra VII.</figcaption></figure> <p>Au començament de la guèrra civila, lei fòrças de Pompèa èran pus nombrosas. Pasmens, aviá pas dirigit d'operacions militaras dempuei un nombre grand d'annadas e sei conselhiers èran magerament de politicians. En fàcia, lei tropas de Cesar, en campanha dempuei <a href="/wiki/-58" class="mw-redirect" title="-58">58 avC</a>, èran pus experimentadas, fòrça fidèlas e avián una organizacion melhora. Conquistèron donc aisament lo rèsta d'Itàlia mai Pompèa capitèt de s'embarcar a Brindisi. Cesar se dirigiguèt alora vèrs Espanha per eliminar una basa importanta dei partisans de Pompèa. En camin, deguèt tanben conquistar Marselha que se revòutèt en causa dei consequéncias economicas marridas per la vila de l'ocupacion romana de Gàllia. La ciutat grèga capitulèt en mai de <a href="/wiki/-49" class="mw-redirect" title="-49">49 avC</a> e Espanha en aost. En <a href="/wiki/-48" class="mw-redirect" title="-48">48 avC</a>, Cesar poguèt donc rintrar a Roma onte un Senat reduch li donèt la carga de dictator. </p><p>Puei, Cesar anèt en Epira e en Tessalia per atacar lei fòrças principalas de Pompèa. Maugrat de condicions malaisadas còntra de tropas numericament fòrça superioras, capitèt de vencre son advèrsari a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Fars%C3%A0lia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Farsàlia (la pagina existís pas)">Farsàlia</a>. Sensa armada après aquela desfacha, Pompèa fugiguèt en Egipte onte será assassinat per Ptolemèu XIII enterin que Metellus Scipion e Caton partiguèron organizar de fòrças novèlas en Africa. Desbarcat a son torn en Egipte, Cesar decidiguèt de rebutar Ptolemèu XIII per l'assassinat de son rivau e participèt ai combats per la succession entre Ptolemèu XIV e <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a>. Puei, defendiguèt lei províncias orientalas romanas còntra una ofensiva dau rèi de Pont gràcias a un succès a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Zela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Zela (la pagina existís pas)">Zela</a>. Foguèt a l'occasion d'aquela campanha corta que Cesar auriá escrich sa frasa famosa <i>« Veni, Vidi, Vici »</i> (<i>« Siáu vengut, ai vist, ai vencut »</i>) per marcar la rapiditat de sa victòria. Enfin, acabèt son viatge egipcian per una visita dau país ambé la rèina Cleopatra. </p><p>La relacion entre Cesar e Cleopatra acomencèt probablament durant aqueu periòde. S'un maridatge èra impossible en causa dei lèis romanas permetent solament d'unir de Romans, aquela relacion èra tanben pas considerada coma un adultèr e va donc poder contuniar. Ansin, Cleopatra podriá faire divèrsei visitas a Roma dins lo domeni pròpri de Cesar e lo parèu aurá un enfant dich Cesarion (<a href="/wiki/-47" class="mw-redirect" title="-47">47</a>-<a href="/wiki/-30" class="mw-redirect" title="-30">30</a> avC). Enfant masculin unic de Cesar, será assassinat per Octavi per eliminar un rivau dangerós au tròne imperiau. </p><p>Enfin, a partir de l'ivèrn <a href="/wiki/-46" class="mw-redirect" title="-46">46 avC</a> fins a la prima de <a href="/wiki/-45" class="mw-redirect" title="-45">45 avC</a>, Cesar s'ocupèt d'eliminar lei darrierei fòrças dei partisans de Pompèa. Lo 6 d'abriu de <a href="/wiki/-46" class="mw-redirect" title="-46">46</a> avC, la victòria de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Tapsus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Tapsus (la pagina existís pas)">Tapsus</a> li permetèt de prendre lo contraròtle d'Africa. Enfin, lo 17 de març de <a href="/wiki/-45" class="mw-redirect" title="-45">45 avC</a>, lo rèsta dei tropas pompeianas foguèron anientadas a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Munda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Munda (la pagina existís pas)">Munda</a> marcant lo succès finau de Cesar dins la guèrra civila. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_fondacion_d'un_òrdre_roman_novèu"><span id="La_fondacion_d.27un_.C3.B2rdre_roman_nov.C3.A8u"></span>La fondacion d'un òrdre roman novèu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : La fondacion d'un òrdre roman novèu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La fondacion d'un òrdre roman novèu"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:RomanRepublic40BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/RomanRepublic40BC.jpg/220px-RomanRepublic40BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/RomanRepublic40BC.jpg/330px-RomanRepublic40BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/RomanRepublic40BC.jpg/440px-RomanRepublic40BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>Extension dau territòri roman après lei conquistas de Cesar.</figcaption></figure> <p>Après son succès còntra Pompèa, Cesar èra lo cap unic de Roma. Ansin, se leis institucions republicanas foguèron mantengudas, obtenguèt divèrseis onors e cargas que li permetèron de formar un govèrn inedit anonciant aqueu de l'Empèri e dirigir la Republica sensa oposicion ni limit. Lei principaus foguèron sa nominacion coma dictator per un mandat novèu, puei consul per cinc annadas, dictator per dètz annadas, consul per dètz annadas, prefècte dei mors (carga novèla similara a aquela de censor) e portaire de l'inviolabilitat dei tribuns dei plebèus. Finalament, donèt un sens novèu a la carga d'<i>imperator</i>, qu'èra alora solament una foncion militara, per venir l'autoritat suprèma de Roma. </p><p>Fins a sa mòrt, va aplicar una politica de reformas per renfòrçar son poder, restaurar l'economia e modernizar la societat. Per aquò, va menar una politica de reconciliacion ambé seis enemics que son liberats o barrats dei listas de proscripcion e la memòria de seis advèrsaris (Silla, Pompèa...) foguèt tanben restaurat. De mai, la libertat religiosa foguèt donada ai pòbles vencuts, i comprés lei Jusieus fòrça oposats au paganisme. Enfin, lei partisans e soudats de Cesar foguèron pas oblidats ambé la distribucion de terrens dins la region de Roma o de vilas estrategicas de l'empèri coma Corint o <a href="/wiki/Arle" title="Arle">Arle</a>. La restauracion de l'economia permetèt tanben de renfòrçar lo poder de Cesar. Lei distribucions de terrens foguèron donc estendudas ai paures de la capitala e un politica importanta de trabalhs publics i foguèt acomençada. La moneda foguèt estabilizada e l'aur foguèt tornarmai adoptat coma referéncia. Enfin, lo tresen aspèct de la politica de Cesar, la modernizacion, contunièt d'ajudar dins lo redreiçament de l'economia e dins la consolidacion dau poder novèu. L'organizacion intèrna de la vila de Roma foguèt modernizada per permetre d'aerar la ciutat. Lo drech de ciutadanetat romana foguèt tanben acordats ais abitants dau nòrd d'Itàlia e de <a href="/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia" title="Sicília">Sicília</a>. D'un biais generau, lei drechs politics de l'aristocràcia anciana foguèron demenits au profiech deis autrei classas de la societat. Lo personau politic deguèt egalament faciar una epuracion importanta que permetèt de restaurar la probitat de l'administracion a respèct de la corrupcion importanta deis annadas precedentas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fin_de_vida_e_succession">Fin de vida e succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : Fin de vida e succession" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Fin de vida e succession"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_menaça_d'una_restauracion_de_la_monarquia"><span id="La_mena.C3.A7a_d.27una_restauracion_de_la_monarquia"></span>La menaça d'una restauracion de la monarquia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : La menaça d'una restauracion de la monarquia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La menaça d'una restauracion de la monarquia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En fòra de la demenicion dau prestigi e dau poder dau Senat, lo renfòrçament de l'autoritat de Cesar se caracterizèt per lo desvolopament d'un culte de sa personalitat e la mesa en plaça dei condicions favorablas a la restauracion de la monarquiá. Pasmens, lo pòble roman destetava la monarquiá e l'abolicion de la Republica deviá prendre la forma d'un procediment lòng e complèx. En <a href="/wiki/-44" class="mw-redirect" title="-44">44</a>, lei condicions se melhorèron e, ja divinizat coma lei rèis d'Orient, Cesar obtenguèt dau Senat dei poders similars a un rèi coma la carga de dictatura a vida o lo drech de faire figurar son retrach sus lei pèças de moneda. En febrier, lo Senat li accordèt un costum reiau e un tròne. Puei, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Ant%C3%B2ni" title="Marc Antòni">Marc Antòni</a> li prepausèt publicament un diadèm mai, en fàcia de la fòga, Cesar preferiguèt refusar. Dins aquò, maugrat aqueu refús, leis advèrsaris de Cesar demorèron inquiets d'una acceptacion futura. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_complòt_dei_partisans_de_la_Republica_e_l'execucion_de_Cesar"><span id="Lo_compl.C3.B2t_dei_partisans_de_la_Republica_e_l.27execucion_de_Cesar"></span>Lo complòt dei partisans de la Republica e l'execucion de Cesar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo complòt dei partisans de la Republica e l'execucion de Cesar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo complòt dei partisans de la Republica e l'execucion de Cesar"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg/220px-Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg/330px-Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg/440px-Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1161" /></a><figcaption>Representacion de l'assassinat de Cesar per Vincenzo Camuccini (1804-1805).</figcaption></figure> <p>Per luchar còntra lei pretencions de Cesar a la monarquiá, una conspiracion menada per Cessius e Brutus reüniguèt d'enemics de Cesar e de partisans de la Republica. Lo 15 de març de <a href="/wiki/44" class="mw-redirect" title="44">44</a>, Cesar foguèt assassinat dins lo Senat per 35 còps de ponhau. Sa mòrt foguèt considerada de biais variadas : un sacrifici necessari per lei Republicans o l'eliminacion de l'òme providenciau. Aquel assassinat foguèt facilitat per lo licenciament de sa garda personala e l'indiferéncia ais avertiments de complòts e ai prediccions desfavorablas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_partiment_de_son_eiretatge_e_la_lucha_de_succession">Lo partiment de son eiretatge e la lucha de succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo partiment de son eiretatge e la lucha de succession" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo partiment de son eiretatge e la lucha de succession"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dins son testament, Cesar designèt sei nebots <a href="/wiki/August" title="August">Octavi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Pinarius_Scarpus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Pinarius Scarpus (la pagina existís pas)">Lucius Pinarius Scarpus</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quintus_Pedius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quintus Pedius (la pagina existís pas)">Quintus Pedius</a> coma eiretier. Lo premier ne'n obtenguèron tres quarts e Cesar li leguèt son nom. Lei dos darriers se partajèron lo quart restant. De mai, Cesar leguèt sei jardins pròche dau Tibre ai Romans e donèt tres cents sesterces a chasque ciutadan. En revènge, son eiretatge politic foguèt pus malaisat de partejar car lo complòt poguèt pas eliminar unei caps dei partisans de Cesar coma Marc Antòni, Lepide o Octavi. Lo premier aprofichèt lei funeralhas oficialas de Cesar per descreditar seis assassins que deguèron fugir en Grècia onte foguèron vencuts a la batalha de Filipes en <a href="/wiki/-42" class="mw-redirect" title="-42">42 avC</a>. De son caire, après lo discors e la mesa en scena de Marc Antòni decidiguèt d'organizar un lenhier d'apoteòsi per Cesar que son còrs foguèt donc cremat sus lo Forum. Puei, un temple foguèt bastit sus lo luòc de la cremacion. Un segond triumvirat foguèt organizat entre Marc Antòni, Lepide o Octavi que va desbocar sus de guèrras civilas novèlas e l'instauracion de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman">Empèri Roman</a> per Octavi après sa victòria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Julii_Caesaris_quae_exstant.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Julii_Caesaris_quae_exstant.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Julii_Caesaris_quae_exstant.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Julii_Caesaris_quae_exstant.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Julii_Caesaris_quae_exstant.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Julii_Caesaris_quae_exstant.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Julii_Caesaris_quae_exstant.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="4884" /></a><figcaption>C. Iulii Caesaris quae extant, 1678</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.  Seuil.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.  Marabout Histoire.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.  Marabout.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.  Les Belles Lettres.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.  Presses universitaires de France.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.  Gallimard.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.  Flammarion.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.  Complexe.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.  Fayard.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juli_Cesar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>(fr)</b> Tacite, Dialogue des orateurs, 28, 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>(fr)</b> Ciceron, Lettres à Atticus.</span> </li> </ol> <table border="0" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="margin-top: 2em; background-color:#fffff; padding:5px; border:1px solid #B8860B ;text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ffffec" colspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:SPQRomani.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/30px-SPQRomani.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/45px-SPQRomani.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/60px-SPQRomani.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="548" /></a></span>  <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; text-transform: uppercase"><b><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_emperaires_romans" title="Lista dels emperaires romans">Los emperaires romans</a></b></span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:SPQRomani.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/30px-SPQRomani.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/45px-SPQRomani.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/60px-SPQRomani.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="548" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#E0E0BB">'<b></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0DD; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em"><i>Precedit per :</i><br />cap d'emperaire </td> <td style="background:#EEE8AA; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juli Cesar</a> (<a href="/wiki/-46" class="mw-redirect" title="-46">-46</a> - <a href="/wiki/-44" class="mw-redirect" title="-44">-44</a>) </td> <td style="background:#F0F0DD; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em"><i>Seguit de :</i><br /><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> (<a href="/wiki/-27" class="mw-redirect" title="-27">-27</a>-<a href="/wiki/-14" class="mw-redirect" title="-14">-14</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#F5DEB3"><small>Seria <a href="/wiki/Roma_antica" title="Roma antica">Roma antica</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐6d49cf5db8‐sx8lr Cached time: 20241028061742 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.090 seconds Real time usage: 0.110 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2240/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3074/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 578/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 684/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 46.166 1 -total 57.30% 26.453 9 Modèl:Cite_book 22.72% 10.489 1 Modèl:1000_fondamentals 19.34% 8.930 1 Modèl:Icòna_de_títol 4.19% 1.935 1 Modèl:Emperaire_roman 3.62% 1.670 1 Modèl:Infobox --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ocwiki:pcache:idhash:30633-0!canonical and timestamp 20241028061742 and revision id 2424986. 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