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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">Cannabis</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding: 0.4em 0 0.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabis_leaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cannabis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/120px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/180px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/240px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="546" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Arts</li><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_culture" title="Cannabis culture">Culture</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/420_(cannabis_culture)" title="420 (cannabis culture)">420</a> (<a href="/wiki/420chan" title="420chan">chan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_cannabis" title="List of books about cannabis">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magu_(deity)" title="Magu (deity)">Magu (deity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_names_for_cannabis" title="List of names for cannabis">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_religion" title="Cannabis and religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_Judaism" title="Cannabis and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis and Latter-day Saints">Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_Sikhism" title="Cannabis and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke-in" title="Smoke-in">Smoke-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_use_of_cannabis" title="Entheogenic use of cannabis">Spiritual use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_sports" title="Cannabis and sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">Stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cannabis_terms" title="Glossary of cannabis terms">Terms</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Chemistry</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_phytocannabinoids" title="Comparison of phytocannabinoids">Phytocannabinoids</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Main <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dronabinol" title="Dronabinol">Dronabinol</a> (INN)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">CBD</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Minor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Δ-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol"><i>delta</i>-8-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Δ-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol"><i>delta</i>-10-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabihexol" title="Tetrahydrocannabihexol">THCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabiphorol" title="Tetrahydrocannabiphorol">THCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabihexol" title="Tetrahydrocannabihexol">CBDH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiphorol" title="Cannabidiphorol">CBDP</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Semi-synthetic cannabinoids</b></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THC-O-acetate" title="THC-O-acetate">THC-O-acetate</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_cannabinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic cannabinoid">Synthetic cannabinoids</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AM_cannabinoids" title="List of AM cannabinoids">AM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM-2201" title="AM-2201">AM-2201</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_CP_cannabinoids" title="List of CP cannabinoids">CP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CP_55,940" title="CP 55,940">CP-55940</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabilone" title="Nabilone">Nabilone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylheptylpyran" title="Dimethylheptylpyran">Dimethylheptylpyran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HU_cannabinoids" title="List of HU cannabinoids">HU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HU-210" title="HU-210">HU-210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-331" title="HU-331">HU-331</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_JWH_cannabinoids" title="List of JWH cannabinoids">JWH</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JWH-018" title="JWH-018">JWH-018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-073" title="JWH-073">JWH-073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-133" title="JWH-133">JWH-133</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levonantradol" title="Levonantradol">Levonantradol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMB-CHMICA" title="MDMB-CHMICA">MDMB-CHMICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SR-144,528" title="SR-144,528">SR144528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_55,212-2" title="WIN 55,212-2">WIN 55,212-2</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Pharmacology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor" title="Cannabinoid receptor">Cannabinoid receptors</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoid receptor type 1">Cannabinoid receptor type 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoid receptor type 2">Cannabinoid receptor type 2</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system" title="Endocannabinoid system">Endocannabinoids</a></b> <small>(activate cannabinoid receptors)</small></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonoylglycerol" title="2-Arachidonoylglycerol">2-AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine" title="N-Arachidonoyl dopamine">NADA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virodhamine" title="Virodhamine">Virodhamine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_consumption" title="Cannabis consumption">Consumption</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_consumption#Drink" title="Cannabis consumption">Drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_edible" title="Cannabis edible">Edibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_smoking" title="Cannabis smoking">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_tea" title="Cannabis tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_CBD_to_THC" title="Conversion of CBD to THC">Conversion of CBD to THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizer_(inhalation_device)" title="Vaporizer (inhalation device)">Vaping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_lifetime_cannabis_use_by_country" title="Adult lifetime cannabis use by country">Adult lifetime cannabis use by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_cannabis_use_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Annual cannabis use by country">Annual cannabis use by country</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Economics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffeeshop_(Netherlands)" title="Coffeeshop (Netherlands)">Coffeeshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_cultivation" title="Cannabis cultivation">Cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_shop" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis shop">Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Social_Club" title="Cannabis Social Club">Social Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grow_house" title="Grow house">Grow house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grow_shop" title="Grow shop">Grow shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_shop" title="Head shop">Head shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_vending_machine" title="Marijuana vending machine">Marijuana vending machine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis" title="Effects of cannabis">Effects</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_dependence" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis dependence">Dependence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_impaired_driving" title="Cannabis and impaired driving">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_drug_testing" title="Cannabis drug testing">Drug testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_legalized_cannabis" title="Effects of legalized cannabis">Effects of legalized cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_drug_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway drug theory">Gateway drug theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis" title="Long-term effects of cannabis">Long term effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis and memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_pregnancy" title="Cannabis in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_time_perception" title="Cannabis and time perception">Time perception</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">Bhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blunt_(cannabis_cigar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blunt (cannabis cigar)">Blunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charas" title="Charas">Charas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_flower_essential_oil" title="Cannabis flower essential oil">Flower essential oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">Hashish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hash_oil" title="Hash oil">Oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_beer" title="Hemp beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_milk" title="Hemp milk">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_protein" title="Hemp protein">Protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hempcrete" title="Hempcrete">Hempcrete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_(cannabis)" title="Joint (cannabis)">Joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kief" title="Kief">Kief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roach_(smoking)" title="Roach (smoking)">Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_cannabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic cannabis">Synthetic cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_of_cannabis" title="Tincture of cannabis">Tincture</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_rights" title="Cannabis rights">Cannabis rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">Legality of cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_law" title="Timeline of cannabis law">Timeline of cannabis law</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_international_law" title="Cannabis and international law">Cannabis and international law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961" title="Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961">UN 2020 descheduling</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">Cannabis in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legal history of cannabis in the United States">Legal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Medical cannabis in the United States">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Decriminalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">Non-medical</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Cannabis in Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Act" title="Cannabis Act">Cannabis Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_laws_of_Canada_by_province_or_territory" title="Cannabis laws of Canada by province or territory">Cannabis laws of Canada by province or territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_Canada" title="Legal history of cannabis in Canada">Legal history of cannabis in Canada</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Elsewhere <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_by_country" title="Cannabis by country">Cannabis by country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Malta" title="Cannabis in Malta">Cannabis in Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Spain" title="Cannabis in Spain">Cannabis in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_South_Africa" title="Cannabis in South Africa">Cannabis in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Thailand" title="Cannabis in Thailand">Cannabis in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cannabis in the Netherlands">Cannabis in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Portugal" title="Drug policy of Portugal">Drug policy of Portugal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Structural_scheduling_of_synthetic_cannabinoids" title="Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids">Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autoflowering_cannabis" title="Autoflowering cannabis">Autoflowering cannabis</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Genus</b></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">Cannabis</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Species</b></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sativa" title="Cannabis sativa">Cannabis sativa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_indica" title="Cannabis indica">Cannabis indica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_ruderalis" title="Cannabis ruderalis">Cannabis ruderalis</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_strains" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis strains">Strains</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acapulco_Gold_(cannabis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acapulco Gold (cannabis)">Acapulco Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte%27s_web_(cannabis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte's web (cannabis)">Charlotte's web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kush_(Cannabis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kush (Cannabis)">Kush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawi Gold">Malawi Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_Diesel" title="Sour Diesel">Sour Diesel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_culture" title="Drug culture">Drug culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">Illegal drug trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelia" title="Psychedelia">Psychedelia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cannabis_leaf_2.svg/15px-Cannabis_leaf_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cannabis_leaf_2.svg/23px-Cannabis_leaf_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cannabis_leaf_2.svg/30px-Cannabis_leaf_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="790" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cannabis" title="Portal:Cannabis">Cannabis portal</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/15px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/23px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/30px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine portal</a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Veranotrigo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Veranotrigo.jpg/15px-Veranotrigo.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Veranotrigo.jpg/23px-Veranotrigo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Veranotrigo.jpg/30px-Veranotrigo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> <span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Agriculture" title="Portal:Agriculture">Agriculture portal</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabis_sidebar" title="Template:Cannabis sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannabis_sidebar" title="Template talk:Cannabis sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cannabis in Washington</b> relates to a number of legislative, legal, and cultural events surrounding the use of <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> (marijuana,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">hashish</a>, <a href="/wiki/THC" class="mw-redirect" title="THC">THC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kief" title="Kief">kief</a>, etc.). On December 6, 2012, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington (U.S. state)">Washington</a> became the first U.S. state to <a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">legalize recreational use of marijuana</a> and the first to allow recreational marijuana sales, alongside <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state had previously <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Medical cannabis in the United States">legalized medical marijuana</a> in 1998. Under state law, cannabis is legal for medical purposes and for any purpose by adults over 21. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_history">Legal history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legal history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prohibition">Prohibition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prohibition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Washington was among many states to criminalize cannabis in the 1920s. The <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Legislature" title="Washington State Legislature">Washington State Legislature</a> passed House Bill 3 in 1923, which defined "<i>cannabis americana</i>" and "<i>cannabis indica</i>" as <a href="/wiki/Narcotic" title="Narcotic">narcotic</a> drugs. Possession was punishable by one to 10 years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-spokesman_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spokesman-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, enforcement of the law was rare, as cannabis use was not common in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-historylink_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historylink-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In western states such as Washington, cannabis prohibition was largely motivated by the drug's association with the growing number of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican American</a> immigrants. As racial and <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">anti-immigrant</a> tensions rose, newspapers published sensationalized stories of the drug causing Mexicans to go insane and commit violent crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sanna2014_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanna2014-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_consumption" title="Cannabis consumption">cannabis use</a> became more common during the 1960s, the state began to relax its marijuana laws. In 1971, the state legislature reduced the crime of possession of 40 grams or less to a misdemeanor, and no longer considered the drug to be an "opiate" or "narcotic."<sup id="cite_ref-historylink_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historylink-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, marijuana remained a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Schedule_I_drugs_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Schedule I drugs (US)">Schedule I drug</a> under both the federal <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Controlled Substances Act">Controlled Substances Act of 1970</a> and Washington's own Controlled Substance Act of 1971, which deem the drug to have a "high potential for abuse" and "no currently accepted medical use."<sup id="cite_ref-spokesman_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spokesman-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_marijuana">Medical marijuana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medical marijuana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite its Schedule I status, in 1979, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Court_of_Appeals" title="Washington Court of Appeals">Washington Court of Appeals</a> recognized there was a medical necessity defense for cannabis possession. In the case of State v. Diana, a <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a> man with <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a> appealed his conviction of possession of a controlled substance on the grounds that the drug was necessary to treat his medical condition. The court held that the medical defense exists, but only in very specific circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Medical marijuana patients, however, had no legal way of obtaining the drug. In the 1990s, cannabis buyers clubs and cooperatives began providing the drug to patients in several cities across the US. These dispensaries operated in defiance of state and federal law, but were rarely targeted by law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, the Green Cross Patient Co-op of <a href="/wiki/Bainbridge_Island,_Washington" title="Bainbridge Island, Washington">Bainbridge Island</a> became the first buyers club in the country to be raided by law enforcement. The cooperative, run by Joanna McKee and Ronald L. (Stich) Miller, provided cannabis at little or no cost to over 70 patients with diseases such as <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, and multiple sclerosis. Both McKee and Miller were arrested, and around 130 cannabis plants were seized.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case was later dismissed when a <a href="/wiki/Kitsap_County,_Washington" title="Kitsap County, Washington">Kitsap County</a> judge ruled that the search warrant used to execute the raid was invalid. McKee and Miller moved the co-op to <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> and resumed operations.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In reaction to the raid against the Green Cross Patient Co-op, an attorney from <a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma</a> named Ralph Seeley sued the state of Washington, seeking to have cannabis rescheduled as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Schedule_II_drugs_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Schedule II drugs (US)">Schedule II drug</a>. This would have allowed doctors to write prescriptions for medical marijuana. Seeley, who had been diagnosed with a rare bone cancer in 1986, used cannabis obtained from the co-op to treat the side effects of his <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Pierce_County,_Washington" title="Pierce County, Washington">Pierce County</a> Superior Court judge ruled in Seeley's favor, but the decision was overturned by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Supreme_Court" title="Washington Supreme Court">Washington Supreme Court</a> by an 8-1 margin.<sup id="cite_ref-seattleweekly_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seattleweekly-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Initiative_692_pie_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Washington_Initiative_692_pie_map.jpg/220px-Washington_Initiative_692_pie_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Washington_Initiative_692_pie_map.jpg/330px-Washington_Initiative_692_pie_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Washington_Initiative_692_pie_map.jpg/440px-Washington_Initiative_692_pie_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1205" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Washington_Initiative_692" title="Washington Initiative 692">Initiative 692</a> results by county, with number of votes shown by size, yes in green and no in orange: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#59b259; color:black;"> </span> Yes</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fd9848; color:black;"> </span> No</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the ruling, two separate <a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">ballot initiatives</a> were filed to decriminalize medical marijuana in the state. Both were sponsored by physician Rob Killian.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerber2004_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerber2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initiative 685, which appeared on the 1997 general ballot, would have allowed doctors to prescribe any Schedule I drug, if scientific research supported medical use. It would have also <a href="/wiki/Parole" title="Parole">paroled</a> drug prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-seattleweekly_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seattleweekly-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initiative failed, with 60.4% of voters rejecting it.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Initiative_692" title="Washington Initiative 692">Initiative 692</a> was filed, which was limited only to decriminalizing medical marijuana. The initiative was endorsed by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i>, marking one of the first times a major newspaper in the U.S. backed a medical marijuana initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerber2004_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerber2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I-692 was approved by a margin of 59.0% to 41.0%.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The passage of I-692 allowed physicians to recommend medical marijuana to patients with terminal or debilitating illnesses including: "<a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy-induced_nausea_and_vomiting" title="Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting">chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting</a> in cancer patients; <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">AIDS</a> wasting syndrome; severe muscle spasms associated with multiple sclerosis and other <a href="/wiki/Spasticity" title="Spasticity">spasticity</a> disorders; <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>; acute or chronic <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">glaucoma</a>; and some forms of <a href="/wiki/Intractable_pain" title="Intractable pain">intractable pain</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-i692_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i692-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initiative also allowed the state to add new illnesses to the list as necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-i692_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i692-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qualifying patients with a note from their doctor were permitted to possess a sixty-day supply of cannabis, which was later defined to be "twenty-four ounces of usable marijuana and no more than fifteen plants."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the law did not explicitly allow <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_dispensaries_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis dispensaries in the United States">dispensaries</a>, many were established and often went ignored by law enforcement. By 2011, there were around 75 storefront dispensaries open in Seattle and 55 in Spokane.<sup id="cite_ref-martin_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, the state legislature passed an overhaul of medical marijuana laws, which would have created a system of state-licensed growers, processors and dispensaries. Governor <a href="/wiki/Christine_Gregoire" title="Christine Gregoire">Christine Gregoire</a>, however, vetoed most of the new legislation, explaining that she would "not subject [...] state employees to federal prosecution."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2011, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">United States Attorney</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington">Eastern District of Washington</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Ormsby" title="Michael C. Ormsby">Michael C. Ormsby</a> ordered all dispensaries operating in Spokane to cease operations. Most complied, but several owners who refused to close their stores were arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-martin_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, federal raids on medical marijuana dispensaries also occurred in western Washington. 15 dispensaries were targeted in cities including Seattle, Tacoma, <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puyallup,_Washington" title="Puyallup, Washington">Puyallup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacey,_Washington" title="Lacey, Washington">Lacey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Washington" title="Rochester, Washington">Rochester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legalization">Legalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spite of federal prohibition, public support in the state for marijuana reform continued to grow. In 2003, Seattle passed an initiative making adult marijuana possession the lowest priority of law enforcement agencies in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tacoma passed a similar initiative in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2010 poll by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> found that 52% of Washington voters supported removing criminal and civil penalties for marijuana possession.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_House_of_Representatives" title="Washington House of Representatives">Washington House of Representatives</a> considered two bills regarding cannabis. One would have allowed cannabis sales in state liquor stores, and the other would have <a href="/wiki/Decriminalization" title="Decriminalization">decriminalized</a> possession of forty grams or less. Both bills died in committee.<sup id="cite_ref-kover_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kover-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cannabis activists responded by filing <a href="/wiki/Washington_Initiative_1068" title="Washington Initiative 1068">Initiative 1068</a>, which would have removed all state-level criminal and civil penalties for cannabis use or possession by adults over the age of 18. Despite an endorsement by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Democratic_Party" title="Washington State Democratic Party">Washington State Democratic Party</a>, the campaign received little fundraising and failed to gather enough signatures to secure a spot on the ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Initiative_Measure_No._502_Concerns_marijuana.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Initiative_Measure_No._502_Concerns_marijuana.png/240px-Initiative_Measure_No._502_Concerns_marijuana.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Initiative_Measure_No._502_Concerns_marijuana.png/360px-Initiative_Measure_No._502_Concerns_marijuana.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Initiative_Measure_No._502_Concerns_marijuana.png/480px-Initiative_Measure_No._502_Concerns_marijuana.png 2x" data-file-width="3038" data-file-height="1921" /></a><figcaption>Initiative 502 results by county, with number of votes shown by size, yes in orange and no in blue: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f77e0e; color:black;"> </span> Yes</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#2d70aa; color:white;"> </span> No</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The following year, a separate group of activists filed <a href="/wiki/Washington_Initiative_502" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Initiative 502">Initiative 502</a>, which proposed to legalize the use of cannabis for adults over the age of 21. The bill would also allow the <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Liquor_and_Cannabis_Board" title="Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board">Washington State Liquor Control Board</a> to regulate and tax cannabis production and sales, and set new limits on blood THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) levels for <a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">driving under the influence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-i502_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i502-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2011, the initiative received enough signatures to be sent to the state legislature. In April 2012, when the legislature adjourned without acting, the initiative advanced to the 2012 general ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-historylink_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historylink-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early supporters of the measure included Seattle's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stranger_(newspaper)" title="The Stranger (newspaper)">The Stranger</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Spokane's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">The Spokesman-Review</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I-502 was also endorsed by the Washington State Democratic Party,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the mayor and entire city council of Seattle,<sup id="cite_ref-martin2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the sheriff of <a href="/wiki/King_County,_Washington" title="King County, Washington">King County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-martin3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National support came from the <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_the_Reform_of_Marijuana_Laws" title="National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws">National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws</a> (NORML),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Action_Partnership" title="Law Enforcement Action Partnership">Law Enforcement Action Partnership</a> (LEAP) and the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> (ACLU).<sup id="cite_ref-historylink_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historylink-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The initiative faced little organized opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-martin3_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most vocal opponents were medical marijuana advocates, who claimed the new DUI provisions were too strict and that recreational dispensaries would hurt the medical marijuana industry.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police groups such as the Washington Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs also opposed the initiative, but did little fundraising or campaigning against it.<sup id="cite_ref-martin3_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 6, 2012, I-502 was approved by a vote of 55.7% to 44.3%<sup id="cite_ref-secstate_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secstate-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Possession of up to 1 ounce (28 g) of marijuana by adults became legal under state law on December 6, however cultivation, sale and even gifting remained illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-myers_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myers-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laws regarding medical marijuana remained unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After I-502 went into effect, the Washington State Liquor Control board began establishing regulations for the new recreational cannabis industry, with a deadline of December 1, 2013 set by the initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2013, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> announced that it would not interfere with state-level legalization, as long as distribution and sales were strictly regulated by the state.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 18, 2013, the state began accepting applications for marijuana businesses including growers, processors and retail outlets. The Liquor Control Board initially planned to allow 334 retail stores and 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of growing space statewide.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first recreational cannabis stores in Washington opened to the public on July 8, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The possession for cannabis extractions for recreational use is 7 grams in Washington. However, the allowed limit of any hashish for medical use is 21 grams. The concentrated form of cannabis has significantly higher amounts of THC content that can reach a purity of 99%.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hemp_legislation">Hemp legislation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hemp legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In accordance with the Federal <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_2014" title="Agricultural Act of 2014">2014 Farm Bill</a>, the state legislature passed ESSB 6206 in 2016, creating the Industrial Hemp Research Pilot (IHRP).<sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonAg_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonAg-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state's first post-Prohibition hemp crop was planted at <a href="/wiki/Moses_Lake,_Washington" title="Moses Lake, Washington">Moses Lake</a> in 2017, and a total of 180 acres (73 ha) was planted that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenkins2018_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenkins2018-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 11, 2022 the <a href="/wiki/Revised_Code_of_Washington" title="Revised Code of Washington">Revised Code of Washington</a> was amended to replace "marijuana" with "cannabis" via House Bill 1210.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_and_distribution">Production and distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Production and distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_market">Black market</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Black market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even before the establishment of state-licensed growers and retail stores, cannabis was easily obtainable. Much of the state's supply was grown locally or imported from the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> province of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> or from <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DEA_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DEA-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a>, the state was among the top five producers of indoor-grown cannabis in 1996, the last year the agency published estimated crop sizes by state. About 80% of the cannabis seized in the Seattle area was grown indoors. In 1998, NORML published a report claiming cannabis was Washington's fifth most valuable <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the increase in security at the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">United States–Mexico border</a>, due in part to the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> of 2001, Mexican cartels increasingly began to grow cannabis within the United States rather than export it from Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-Camden2009_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camden2009-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cartels utilized the favorable climate of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Washington" title="Eastern Washington">Eastern Washington</a> to establish large scale outdoor-growing operations in remote areas of national parks and tribal reservations.<sup id="cite_ref-DEA_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DEA-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, around 82,000 cannabis plants were seized on tribal lands in the state, accounting for almost a quarter of all plants seized by law enforcement that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These clandestine growers cause significant damage to the environment by <a href="/wiki/Diversion_dam" title="Diversion dam">diverting</a> streams, clearing trees, using <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> animals and leaving behind <a href="/wiki/Litter" title="Litter">litter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_waste" title="Human waste">human waste</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Camden2009_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camden2009-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the state began regulating the cannabis industry in 2014, unlicensed production continued.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, a drug bust organized by multiple counties seized over 33,000 cannabis plants which were suspected to be part of an illegal growing operation run by <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State-licensed_businesses">State-licensed businesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: State-licensed businesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Washington's legal cannabis industry is regulated by the state's <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Liquor_and_Cannabis_Board" title="Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board">Liquor and Cannabis Board</a> (formerly known as the Washington State Liquor Control Board). The state offers separate <a href="/wiki/Business_license" title="Business license">business licenses</a> to cannabis growers, processors and retailers.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grower and processor licenses can be held simultaneously, but retailers cannot obtain either grower or processor licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-CCSA_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup> Growers may only legally sell cannabis to licensed processors or retailers—not directly to consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other states that have legalized recreational cannabis, Washington does not allow unlicensed <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_cultivation" title="Cannabis cultivation">cultivation</a> for personal use.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2014, the Liquor and Cannabis Board held a lottery to award licenses to qualified applicants.<sup id="cite_ref-CCSA_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> Retail sales began in July 2014. As retailers only had two months to establish storefronts and acquire inventory, stores experienced supply issues during the summer of 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CCSA_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> This caused limited availability and inflated prices for consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-CCSA_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 10">: 10 </span></sup> During the first several months of legal sales, prices exceeded <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>20 per gram.<sup id="cite_ref-OFM_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OFM-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 28">: 28 </span></sup> Due in part to a strong harvest of outdoor-grown cannabis in the fall of 2014, supply levels increased and the state's licensed marijuana industry had stabilized by early 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By August 2015, the average price had fallen to a low of $8 per gram.<sup id="cite_ref-OFM_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OFM-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 28">: 28 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sales_and_taxation">Sales and taxation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sales and taxation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the first 11 months of licensed retail sales, total sales amounted to US$260 million.<sup id="cite_ref-CCSA_58-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup> Sales increased to $486 million in 2015, and $1.1 billion in 2016;<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sales/excise tax revenue has risen in tandem, increasing from $65 million in 2015FY to $315 million in 2017FY.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Retail sales are taxed at 37%, which accounts for the majority of the state's marijuana tax revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The allocation of tax revenue was dictated by Initiative 502. The majority of the money goes towards public health programs such as <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_health_center" title="Community health center">community health centers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse_prevention" title="Substance abuse prevention">substance abuse prevention</a> efforts. The remaining funds go towards the Liquor and Cannabis Board, local governments, and the state general fund.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage">Usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Substance_Abuse_and_Mental_Health_Services_Administration" title="Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration">Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</a>, as of 2015–2016, 19.5% of Washington adults aged 18 or older have used cannabis within the past year, relative to the national average, which was estimated at 13.9% by the same survey.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2016 survey by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Health" title="Washington State Department of Health">Washington State Department of Health</a> found that adolescent usage in the state has remained stable over the past decade despite the introduction of retail stores in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Monitoring_the_Future" title="Monitoring the Future">Monitoring the Future</a>, between 2010–2012 and 2014–2016, marijuana usage by eighth and 10th graders increased by 2.0% and 4.1% respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both surveys found that the perceived harm associated with use has declined among adolescents since legalization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seattle_Hempfest_2007_-_065.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seattle_Hempfest_2007_-_065.jpg/280px-Seattle_Hempfest_2007_-_065.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seattle_Hempfest_2007_-_065.jpg/420px-Seattle_Hempfest_2007_-_065.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seattle_Hempfest_2007_-_065.jpg/560px-Seattle_Hempfest_2007_-_065.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Hempfest" title="Seattle Hempfest">Seattle Hempfest</a>, 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1991, Washington has hosted the annual <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Hempfest" title="Seattle Hempfest">Seattle Hempfest</a>, a protest festival which advocates the reform of cannabis laws. The event is held in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> city parks and features speakers (including politicians and activists) as well as live music. Attendance has grown from around 500 people in its first year to 200,000 at the 2003 festival.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the passage of I-502, the event still draws over 100,000 attendees annually.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a> has also hosted a similar event beginning in 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Olympia_Hempfest" title="Olympia Hempfest">Olympia Hempfest</a>. </p><p>The Cannabis Farmers Market in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> was founded in 2010, the first-ever legal <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">medical cannabis</a> <a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_market" title="Farmers' market">farmers' market</a> in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-HTMM112_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTMM112-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the largest and most attended market of its kind.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The market was featured on the cover of <i><a href="/wiki/High_Times" title="High Times">High Times</a></i> <i><a href="/wiki/Medical_Marijuana_News_%26_Reviews" title="Medical Marijuana News & Reviews">Medical Marijuana</a></i> magazine,<sup id="cite_ref-HTMM112_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTMM112-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/G4_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="G4 (U.S. TV channel)">G4 TV</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Attack_of_the_Show!" title="Attack of the Show!">Attack of the Show!</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The market originally opened in Tacoma but moved to Seattle in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The monthly enclosed market features medical cannabis and is free and open to all <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Medical cannabis in the United States">legal medical marijuana patients</a>. The Cannabis Farmers Market has inspired others in <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle</a>, Washington,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several other states.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar event scheduled in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_Washington" title="Vancouver, Washington">Vancouver, Washington</a> was cancelled in November 2012 at the request of local police. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Washington_State_Supreme_Court_legalized_simple_drug_possession">Washington State Supreme Court legalized simple drug possession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Washington State Supreme Court legalized simple drug possession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington State Supreme Court">Washington State Supreme Court</a> made a ruling that legalized simple drug possession, or mere possession without intent.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_interstate_commerce_laws_of_2023">State interstate commerce laws of 2023</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: State interstate commerce laws of 2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2023, the Governor of Washington State signed into law a bill that passed the state legislature - to explicitly allow the state to fully implement "interstate commerce" of cannabis and/or other related purposes on marijuana. The new legislation goes into legal effect after 90 days. Both <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> have adopted and implemented similar interstate commerce laws on cannabis or marijuana.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Job_protection_laws">Job protection laws</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Job protection laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2023, the Governor signed a bill into law after passing the Legislature - effective immediately, that "legally protects" home or in private usage/consumption cannabis users (outside of workplace hours for example) from getting fired, denied promotions and/or being discriminated against within Washington State. Along side with embedded protections with "race, disability, hairstyles, religion, sex, gender identity and sexual orientation, etc".<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since January 1, 2024 pre-screen employment regarding cannabis testing is banned. This does not apply to federal job positions within the state. This also does not apply to pre-screen employment before January 1, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This article uses the terms "cannabis" and "marijuana" interchangeably. No distinction is intended.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both Washington and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Colorado" title="Cannabis in Colorado">Colorado</a> voted to legalize recreational cannabis on November 6, 2012, but the new laws took effect on December 6 in Washington and December 10 in Colorado.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-myers_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myers-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, adult-use retail sales of cannabis did not start in Washington until July 2014, while Colorado adult-use retail sales started effective January 1, 2014, making Colorado the first state to allow retail sales.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130020423/https://kdvr.com/news/governor-signs-amendment-64-marijuana-officially-legal-in-colorado/">Governor signs Amendment 64, marijuana officially legal in Colorado</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-myers-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-myers_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-myers_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMyers2012" class="citation news cs1">Myers, Laura L. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KOMO-TV&rft.atitle=World-famous+Cannabis+Farmers+Market+reopens+in+Seattle&rft.date=2013-10-06&rft.aulast=Drew&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkomonews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fworld-famous-cannabis-farmers-market-reopens-in-seattle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+in+Washington+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.g4tv.com/videos/52542/shopping-spree-at-seattles-cannabis-farmers-market/">Shopping Spree at Seattle's Cannabis Farmers Market</a>, 20 Apr 2011, retrieved 19 Feb 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristen_Drew2013" class="citation cs2">Kristen Drew (October 6, 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://komonews.com/news/local/world-famous-cannabis-farmers-market-reopens-in-seattle"><i>World-famous Cannabis Farmers Market reopens in Seattle</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/KOMO-TV" title="KOMO-TV">KOMO-TV</a> news</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World-famous+Cannabis+Farmers+Market+reopens+in+Seattle&rft.pub=KOMO-TV+news&rft.date=2013-10-06&rft.au=Kristen+Drew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkomonews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fworld-famous-cannabis-farmers-market-reopens-in-seattle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+in+Washington+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(11/29/2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbian.com/news/2012/nov/29/farmers-market-for-medical-pot-slated/">"UPDATE: Farmers market for medical pot canceled"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Columbian" title="The Columbian">The Columbian</a></i>. Retrieved 1/27/2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(2/27/2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2014351923_potmarket28m.html">"Seattle's first cannabis farmers market attracts several hundred Sunday"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Times">Seattle Times</a></i>. Retrieved 1/27/2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(05/25/2011)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.kuow.org/program.php?id=23512">"Wallingford's Cannabis Farmers Market"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180730020944/http://www2.kuow.org/program.php?id=23512">Archived</a> 2018-07-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/KUOW-FM" title="KUOW-FM">KUOW</a>. Retrieved 1/27/2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myfoxphoenix.com/story/19558395/cannibis-farmers-market">"Free cannabis given out at farmer's market"</a>, Fox News 10. Retrieved 1/28/2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marijuanamoment.net/washington-supreme-court-strikes-down-criminalization-of-drug-possession/">"Washington Supreme Court Strikes Down Criminalization of Drug Possession"</a>. February 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+Supreme+Court+Strikes+Down+Criminalization+of+Drug+Possession&rft.date=2021-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marijuanamoment.net%2Fwashington-supreme-court-strikes-down-criminalization-of-drug-possession%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+in+Washington+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marijuanamoment.net/washington-governor-signs-interstate-marijuana-commerce-bill-into-law/">"Washington Governor Signs Interstate Marijuana Commerce Bill into Law"</a>. May 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+Governor+Signs+Interstate+Marijuana+Commerce+Bill+into+Law&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marijuanamoment.net%2Fwashington-governor-signs-interstate-marijuana-commerce-bill-into-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+in+Washington+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marijuanamoment.net/washington-state-governor-signs-bill-to-protect-job-applicants-from-anti-marijuana-discrimination/">"Washington State Governor Signs Bill to Protect Job Applicants from Anti-Marijuana Discrimination"</a>. May 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+State+Governor+Signs+Bill+to+Protect+Job+Applicants+from+Anti-Marijuana+Discrimination&rft.date=2023-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marijuanamoment.net%2Fwashington-state-governor-signs-bill-to-protect-job-applicants-from-anti-marijuana-discrimination%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+in+Washington+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://norml.org/blog/2024/01/02/washington-new-state-law-takes-effect-barring-pre-employment-marijuana-testing-for-most-employees/">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarcott2015" class="citation book cs1">Barcott, Bruce (2015). <i>Weed the People: The Future of Legal Marijuana in America</i>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61893-421-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61893-421-5"><bdi>978-1-61893-421-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weed+the+People%3A+The+Future+of+Legal+Marijuana+in+America&rft.pub=Time&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-61893-421-5&rft.aulast=Barcott&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+in+Washington+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerber2004" class="citation book cs1">Gerber, Rudolph J. (2004). <i>Legalizing Marijuana: Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36167-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36167-8"><bdi>978-0-313-36167-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legalizing+Marijuana%3A+Drug+Policy+Reform+and+Prohibition+Politics&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36167-8&rft.aulast=Gerber&rft.aufirst=Rudolph+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+in+Washington+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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Center">Municipal Research and Services Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://502data.com/">Washington I-502 Marijuana Sales Data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/File/10268">"Marijuana Legalization in Washington"</a>, <a href="/wiki/HistoryLink" title="HistoryLink">HistoryLink</a> essay by John Caldbick</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabis_in_Washington" title="Template:Cannabis in Washington"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannabis_in_Washington" title="Template talk:Cannabis in Washington"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis_in_Washington" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis in Washington"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannabis_in_Washington" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cannabis in Washington</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_City" title="Cannabis City">Cannabis City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Corner" title="Cannabis Corner">Cannabis Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevation_(cannabis_shop)" title="Elevation (cannabis shop)">Elevation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirth_Provisions" title="Mirth Provisions">Mirth Provisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privateer_Holdings" title="Privateer Holdings">Privateer Holdings</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leafly" title="Leafly">Leafly</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Ike%27s_Pot_Shop" title="Uncle Ike's Pot Shop">Uncle Ike's Pot Shop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Farmers_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis Farmers Market">Cannabis Farmers Market</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evergreen:_The_Road_to_Legalization" title="Evergreen: The Road to Legalization">Evergreen: The Road to Legalization</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_Hempfest" title="Olympia Hempfest">Olympia Hempfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Hempfest" title="Seattle Hempfest">Seattle Hempfest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Initiative_692" title="Washington Initiative 692">Washington Initiative 692</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Initiative_502" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Initiative 502">Washington Initiative 502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Initiative_1068" title="Washington Initiative 1068">Washington Initiative 1068</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Liquor_and_Cannabis_Board" title="Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board">Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Holcomb" title="Alison Holcomb">Alison Holcomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettle_Falls_Five" title="Kettle Falls Five">Kettle Falls Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_McPeak" title="Vivian McPeak">Vivian McPeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Schmader" title="David Schmader">David Schmader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Steves" title="Rick Steves">Rick Steves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_anti-cannabis_public_service_announcements" title="Washington State anti-cannabis public service announcements">Washington State anti-cannabis public service announcements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)" title="Category:Cannabis in Washington (state)">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cannabis_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Cannabis in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Cannabis in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannabis_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">Cannabis in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legal history of cannabis in the United States">Federal law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws and bills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marihuana_Tax_Act_of_1937" title="Marihuana Tax Act of 1937">Marihuana Tax Act of 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Controlled Substances Act">Controlled Substances Act</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%E2%80%93Lautenberg_amendment" title="Solomon–Lautenberg amendment">Solomon–Lautenberg amendment</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Federal_Marijuana_Prohibition_Act" title="Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act">Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cole_Memorandum" title="Cole Memorandum">Cole Memorandum</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohrabacher%E2%80%93Farr_amendment" title="Rohrabacher–Farr amendment">Rohrabacher–Farr amendment</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/STATES_Act" title="STATES Act">STATES Act</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Justice_Act" title="Marijuana Justice Act">Marijuana Justice Act</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Freedom_and_Opportunity_Act" title="Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act">Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAFE_Banking_Act" title="SAFE Banking Act">SAFE Banking Act</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Opportunity_Reinvestment_and_Expungement_Act" title="Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act">MORE Act</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Administration_and_Opportunity_Act" title="Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act">Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Marijuana_and_Cannabidiol_Research_Expansion_Act" title="Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act">Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Court cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Leary_v._United_States" title="Leary v. United States">Leary v. United States</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ravin_v._State" title="Ravin v. State">Ravin v. State</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conant_v._Walters" title="Conant v. Walters">Conant v. Walters</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Oakland_Cannabis_Buyers%27_Cooperative" title="United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative">United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gonzales_v._Raich" title="Gonzales v. Raich">Gonzales v. Raich</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moncrieffe_v._Holder" title="Moncrieffe v. Holder">Moncrieffe v. Holder</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Safe_Access_v._Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Americans for Safe Access v. Drug Enforcement Administration">Americans for Safe Access v. Drug Enforcement Administration</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">Legality by<br />jurisdiction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">Recreational use</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Alaska" title="Cannabis in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Arizona" title="Cannabis in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_California" title="Cannabis in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Colorado" title="Cannabis in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Connecticut" title="Cannabis in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Delaware" title="Cannabis in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Illinois" title="Cannabis in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maine" title="Cannabis in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maryland" title="Cannabis in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Massachusetts" title="Cannabis in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Michigan" title="Cannabis in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Minnesota" title="Cannabis in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Missouri" title="Cannabis in Missouri"> Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Montana" title="Cannabis in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nevada" title="Cannabis in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Jersey" title="Cannabis in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Mexico" title="Cannabis in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_York" title="Cannabis in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Ohio" title="Cannabis in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Oregon" title="Cannabis in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Rhode_Island" title="Cannabis in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Vermont" title="Cannabis in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Virginia" title="Cannabis in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Guam" title="Cannabis in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Cannabis in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Cannabis in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Cannabis in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Medical cannabis in the United States">Medical use</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Alabama" title="Cannabis in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Arkansas" title="Cannabis in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Florida" title="Cannabis in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Hawaii" title="Cannabis in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Kentucky" title="Cannabis in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Louisiana" title="Cannabis in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Mississippi" title="Cannabis in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Hampshire" title="Cannabis in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_North_Dakota" title="Cannabis in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Oklahoma" title="Cannabis in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Pennsylvania" title="Cannabis in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_South_Dakota" title="Cannabis in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Utah" title="Cannabis in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_West_Virginia" title="Cannabis in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Cannabis in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Decriminalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">Decriminalized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Hawaii" title="Cannabis in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Louisiana" title="Cannabis in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Mississippi" title="Cannabis in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nebraska" title="Cannabis in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Hampshire" title="Cannabis in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_North_Carolina" title="Cannabis in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_North_Dakota" title="Cannabis in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illegal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Cannabis in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Idaho" title="Cannabis in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Indiana" title="Cannabis in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Iowa" title="Cannabis in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Kansas" title="Cannabis in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_South_Carolina" title="Cannabis in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Tennessee" title="Cannabis in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Texas" title="Cannabis in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Wisconsin" title="Cannabis in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Wyoming" title="Cannabis in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_American_Samoa" title="Cannabis in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cannabis_regulatory_agencies" title="List of United States cannabis regulatory agencies">List of United States cannabis regulatory agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_product_testing" title="Cannabis product testing">Cannabis product testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act">Rescheduling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Cannabis_Caucus" title="Congressional Cannabis Caucus">Congressional Cannabis Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_politicians_who_have_acknowledged_cannabis_use" title="List of United States politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use">Politicians who have admitted use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_on_American_Indian_reservations" title="Cannabis on American Indian reservations">Cannabis on American Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_the_United_States_military" title="Cannabis and the United States military">Cannabis and the U.S. military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Policy_Project" title="Marijuana Policy Project">Marijuana Policy Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_the_Reform_of_Marijuana_Laws" title="National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws">NORML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_J._Anslinger" title="Harry J. Anslinger">Harry J. Anslinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_dispensaries_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis dispensaries in the United States">Dispensaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Washington" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Washington" title="Template:Washington"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Washington" title="Template talk:Washington"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Washington" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Washington"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Washington" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Washington_(state)-related_articles" title="Index of Washington (state)-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Washington_(state)" title="Outline of Washington (state)">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change in Washington (state)">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Washington" title="List of municipalities in Washington">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Washington" title="List of census-designated places in Washington">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_lands_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of federal lands in Washington (state)">Federal lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_Washington" title="List of Indian reservations in Washington">Indian reservations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)#Geography" title="Washington (state)">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Washington" title="List of earthquakes in Washington">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Washington_(state)" title="History of Washington (state)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_Washington" title="State highways in Washington">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Washington_(state)" title="Music of Washington (state)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_state_parks" title="List of Washington state parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Washington_(state)" title="List of people from Washington (state)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_state_symbols" title="List of Washington state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Washington_(state)" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Washington (state)">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Washington_(state)" title="Abortion in Washington (state)">Abortion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Washington_(state)" title="Crime in Washington (state)">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Washington (state)">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Washington (state)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Washington_(state)" title="Economy of Washington (state)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Washington (state)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Washington_(state)" title="Gun laws in Washington (state)">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Washington (state)">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Washington (state)">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)#Politics" title="Washington (state)">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Washington_(state)" title="Government of Washington (state)">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Washington_(state)" title="Law of Washington (state)">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Washington" title="Constitution of Washington">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Washington" title="List of governors of Washington">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Legislature" title="Washington State Legislature">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)_legislative_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington (state) legislative districts">Legislative districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_House_of_Representatives" title="Washington House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Senate" title="Washington State Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_(state)_ballot_measures" title="List of Washington (state) ballot measures">Ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Washington" title="United States congressional delegations from Washington">Congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_congressional_districts" title="Washington's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_government_in_Washington_(state)" title="City government in Washington (state)">City governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_state_agencies" title="List of Washington state agencies">State agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Agriculture" title="Washington State Department of Agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Archaeology_and_Historic_Preservation" title="Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation">Archaeology and Historic Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Commerce" title="Washington State Department of Commerce">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Corrections" title="Washington State Department of Corrections">Corrections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Early_Learning" title="Washington State Department of Early Learning">Early Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Ecology" title="Washington State Department of Ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Employment_Security_Department" title="Washington State Employment Security Department">Employment Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Financial_Institutions" title="Washington State Department of Financial Institutions">Financial Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Department_of_Fish_and_Wildlife" title="Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife">Fish and Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Health" title="Washington State Department of Health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Information_Services" title="Washington State Department of Information Services">Information Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Labor_and_Industries" title="Washington State Department of Labor and Industries">Labor and Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Licensing" title="Washington State Department of Licensing">Licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Liquor_and_Cannabis_Board" title="Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board">Liquor and Cannabis Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Military_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Military Department">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Natural_Resources" title="Washington State Department of Natural Resources">Natural Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_state_parks" title="List of Washington state parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Institute_for_Public_Policy" title="Washington State Institute for Public Policy">Institute for Public Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Public_Disclosure_Commission" title="Washington State Public Disclosure Commission">Public Disclosure Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Public_Stadium_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington State Public Stadium Authority">Public Stadium Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Social_and_Health_Services" title="Washington State Department of Social and Health Services">Social and Health Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Patrol" title="Washington State Patrol">State Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Student_Achievement_Council" title="Washington Student Achievement Council">Student Achievement Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Transportation" title="Washington State Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Utilities_and_Transportation_Commission" title="Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission">Utilities and Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Washington" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4"><a href="/wiki/Western_Washington" title="Western Washington">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitsap_Peninsula" title="Kitsap Peninsula">Kitsap Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Peninsula" title="Long Beach Peninsula">Long Beach Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Peninsula" title="Olympic Peninsula">Olympic Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound" title="Puget Sound">Puget Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Islands" title="San Juan Islands">San Juan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skagit_Valley" title="Skagit Valley">Skagit Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Washington" title="Eastern Washington">Eastern</a>/<a href="/wiki/Inland_Northwest" title="Inland Northwest">Inland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Washington" title="Central Washington">Central Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Plateau" title="Columbia Plateau">Columbia Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methow_River" title="Methow River">Methow Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okanagan_Country" title="Okanagan Country">Okanogan Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palouse" title="Palouse">Palouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_River" title="Yakima River">Yakima Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4">Shared</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River_Gorge" title="Columbia River Gorge">Columbia Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Washington" title="List of municipalities in Washington">Largest<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_Washington" title="Vancouver, Washington">Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent,_Washington" title="Kent, Washington">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett,_Washington" title="Everett, Washington">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renton,_Washington" title="Renton, Washington">Renton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Valley,_Washington" title="Spokane Valley, Washington">Spokane Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Way,_Washington" title="Federal Way, Washington">Federal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima,_Washington" title="Yakima, Washington">Yakima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkland,_Washington" title="Kirkland, Washington">Kirkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingham,_Washington" title="Bellingham, Washington">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn,_Washington" title="Auburn, Washington">Auburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennewick,_Washington" title="Kennewick, Washington">Kennewick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasco,_Washington" title="Pasco, Washington">Pasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redmond,_Washington" title="Redmond, Washington">Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marysville,_Washington" title="Marysville, Washington">Marysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammamish,_Washington" title="Sammamish, Washington">Sammamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_Washington" title="Lakewood, Washington">Lakewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland,_Washington" title="Richland, Washington">Richland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoreline,_Washington" title="Shoreline, Washington">Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacey,_Washington" title="Lacey, Washington">Lacey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burien,_Washington" title="Burien, Washington">Burien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B4DDB4">Metropolitan<br /> areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_metropolitan_area" title="Seattle metropolitan area">Greater Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_metropolitan_area" title="Spokane metropolitan area">Greater Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Cities,_Washington" title="Tri-Cities, Washington">Tri-Cities metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenatchee%E2%80%93East_Wenatchee_metropolitan_area" title="Wenatchee–East Wenatchee metropolitan area">Wenatchee metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland metropolitan area, Oregon">Greater Portland and Vancouver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Washington" title="List of counties in Washington">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Washington" title="Adams County, Washington">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asotin_County,_Washington" title="Asotin County, Washington">Asotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_County,_Washington" title="Benton County, Washington">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelan_County,_Washington" title="Chelan County, Washington">Chelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clallam_County,_Washington" title="Clallam County, Washington">Clallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Washington" title="Clark County, Washington">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_Washington" title="Columbia County, Washington">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowlitz_County,_Washington" title="Cowlitz County, Washington">Cowlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Washington" title="Douglas County, Washington">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_County,_Washington" title="Ferry County, Washington">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Washington" title="Franklin County, Washington">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield_County,_Washington" title="Garfield County, Washington">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_Washington" title="Grant County, Washington">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grays_Harbor_County,_Washington" title="Grays Harbor County, Washington">Grays Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_County,_Washington" title="Island County, Washington">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Washington" title="Jefferson County, Washington">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_County,_Washington" title="King County, Washington">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsap_County,_Washington" title="Kitsap County, Washington">Kitsap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitas_County,_Washington" title="Kittitas County, Washington">Kittitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klickitat_County,_Washington" title="Klickitat County, Washington">Klickitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_Washington" title="Lewis County, Washington">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Washington" title="Lincoln County, Washington">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_County,_Washington" title="Mason County, Washington">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okanogan_County,_Washington" title="Okanogan County, Washington">Okanogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_County,_Washington" title="Pacific County, Washington">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pend_Oreille_County,_Washington" title="Pend Oreille County, Washington">Pend Oreille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_County,_Washington" title="Pierce County, Washington">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_County,_Washington" title="San Juan County, Washington">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skagit_County,_Washington" title="Skagit County, Washington">Skagit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skamania_County,_Washington" title="Skamania County, Washington">Skamania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snohomish_County,_Washington" title="Snohomish County, Washington">Snohomish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Spokane County, Washington">Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_County,_Washington" title="Stevens County, Washington">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurston_County,_Washington" title="Thurston County, Washington">Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahkiakum_County,_Washington" title="Wahkiakum County, Washington">Wahkiakum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walla_Walla_County,_Washington" title="Walla Walla County, Washington">Walla Walla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whatcom_County,_Washington" title="Whatcom County, Washington">Whatcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitman_County,_Washington" title="Whitman County, Washington">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_County,_Washington" title="Yakima County, Washington">Yakima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B4DDB4;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/32px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/48px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/64px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="658" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Washington_(state)" title="Portal:Washington (state)">Washington (state) portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/32px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/48px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/64px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pacific_Northwest" title="Portal:Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Agriculture_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Agriculture in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Agriculture in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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United States">African-American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_land_loss_in_the_United_States" title="Black land loss in the United States">Black land loss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Hawaiian_aquaculture" title="Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture">Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_drives_in_the_United_States" title="Cattle drives in the United States">Cattle drives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">Eastern Agricultural Complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_food_regulation_in_the_United_States" title="Early history of food regulation in the United States">Early history of food regulation in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_British_America" title="Indentured servitude in British America">Indentured servitude in British America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_Virginia" title="Indentured servitude in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_Pennsylvania" title="Indentured servitude in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_plants_native_to_the_Americas" title="List of food plants native to the Americas">List of food plants native to the Americas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_agriculture_in_Virginia" title="Native American agriculture in Virginia">Native American in Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_agriculture_on_the_Great_Plains" title="Prehistoric agriculture on the Great Plains">Prehistoric agriculture on the Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Prehistoric agriculture in the Southwestern United States">Prehistoric agriculture in the Southwestern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_wine" title="History of American wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_war" title="Range war">Range war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_wars" title="Sheep wars">Sheep wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery among Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">Colonial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IHC_corn_picker,_Story_County,_Iowa,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/100px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/150px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/200px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_production_in_the_United_States" title="Banana production in the United States">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekeeping_in_the_United_States" title="Beekeeping in the United States">Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackcurrant_production_in_the_United_States" title="Blackcurrant production in the United States">Blackcurrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">Cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_in_the_United_States" title="Hemp in the United States">Hemp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_production_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry production in the United States">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree_production_in_the_United_States" title="Christmas tree production in the United States">Christmas tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_production_in_the_United_States" title="Corn production in the United States">Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_production_in_the_United_States" title="Cotton production in the United States">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cider_in_the_United_States" title="Cider in the United States">Cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Dairy industry in the United States">Dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hop_production_in_the_United_States" title="Hop production in the United States">Hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming_in_the_United_States" title="Poultry farming in the United States">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_production_in_the_United_States" title="Rice production in the United States">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinach_in_the_United_States" title="Spinach in the United States">Spinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_the_United_States" title="Sugar industry of the United States">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_the_United_States" title="Tea production in the United States">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Tobacco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_shade_tobacco" title="Connecticut shade tobacco">Connecticut shade tobacco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_production_in_the_United_States" title="Wheat production in the United States">Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_wine" title="American wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State, commonwealth,<br /> or territory-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Alabama">Alabama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_wine" title="Alabama wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Alaska" title="Agriculture in Alaska">Alaska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Alaska" title="Aquaculture in Alaska">aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Alaska" title="Cannabis in Alaska">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_wine" title="Alaska wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arizona <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_wine" title="Arizona wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Arizona" title="Cannabis in Arizona">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arkansas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice_cultivation_in_Arkansas" title="Rice cultivation in Arkansas">rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_wine" title="Arkansas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almonds_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Almonds in California">almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_California" title="Cannabis in California">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnuts_in_California" title="Walnuts in California">walnuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Colorado">Colorado</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_wine" title="Colorado wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Colorado" title="Cannabis in Colorado">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Connecticut" title="Agriculture in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Connecticut" title="Cannabis in Connecticut">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_wine" title="Connecticut wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Delaware <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Delaware" title="Cannabis in Delaware">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_wine" title="Delaware wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Florida" title="Agriculture in Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_wine" title="Florida wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_production_in_Florida" title="Tomato production in Florida">tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_production_in_Florida" title="Mango production in Florida">mango</a></li></ul></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)_wine" title="Georgia (U.S. state) wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Hawaii" title="Agriculture in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Hawaii" title="Coffee production in Hawaii">coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_Hawaii" title="Sugar plantations in Hawaii">sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_wine" title="Hawaii wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_in_Hawaii" title="Genetically modified food in Hawaii">genetically modified food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Idaho" title="Agriculture in Idaho">Idaho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_wine" title="Idaho wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Illinois <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Illinois" title="Cannabis in Illinois">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_wine" title="Illinois wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Indiana">Indiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_wine" title="Indiana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Iowa">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_wine" title="Iowa wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kansas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_wine" title="Kansas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Kentucky" title="Agriculture in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_wine" title="Kentucky wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_wine" title="Louisiana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Maine" title="Aquaculture in Maine">aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maine" title="Cannabis in Maine">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_wine" title="Maine wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Maryland" title="Agriculture in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maryland" title="Cannabis in Maryland">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_wine" title="Maryland wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Massachusetts" title="Cannabis in Massachusetts">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_wine" title="Massachusetts wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Michigan" title="Cannabis in Michigan">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_production_in_Michigan" title="Cherry production in Michigan">cherries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_wine" title="Michigan wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Minnesota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_wine" title="Minnesota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mississippi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_wine" title="Mississippi wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Missouri <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Missouri" title="Cannabis in Missouri">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_wine" title="Missouri wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Montana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Montana" title="Cannabis in Montana">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_wine" title="Montana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nebraska <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_wine" title="Nebraska wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nevada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nevada" title="Cannabis in Nevada">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_wine" title="Nevada wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Hampshire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_wine" title="New Hampshire wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Jersey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Jersey" title="Cannabis in New Jersey">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_wine" title="New Jersey wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_York" title="Agriculture in New York">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_York" title="Cannabis in New York">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_wine" title="New York wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Mexico" title="Cannabis in New Mexico">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_wine" title="New Mexico wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_wine" title="North Carolina wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>North Dakota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_wine" title="North Dakota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ohio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_wine" title="Ohio wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oklahoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_wine" title="Oklahoma wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oregon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_wine" title="Oregon wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Oregon" title="Cannabis in Oregon">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pennsylvania" title="Agriculture in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_wine" title="Pennsylvania wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Agriculture in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Cannabis in Puerto Rico">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Coffee production in Puerto Rico">coffee</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rhode Island <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Rhode_Island" title="Cannabis in Rhode Island">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_wine" title="Rhode Island wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Carolina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_wine" title="South Carolina wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Dakota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_wine" title="South Dakota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tennessee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_wine" title="Tennessee wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Utah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utah_wine" title="Utah wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vermont <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Vermont" title="Cannabis in Vermont">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_wine" title="Vermont wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Virginia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Virginia" title="Cannabis in Virginia">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_wine" title="Virginia wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Virgin Islands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Cannabis in the United States Virgin Islands">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Washington <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_apples" title="Washington apples">apples</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_wine" title="Washington wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>West Virginia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_wine" title="West Virginia wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wisconsin" title="Agriculture in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_dairy_industry" title="Wisconsin dairy industry">dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_wine" title="Wisconsin wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wyoming <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_wine" title="Wyoming wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Guam <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Guam" title="Cannabis in Guam">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Northern Mariana Islands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Cannabis in the Northern Mariana Islands">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Texas" title="Agriculture in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_rice_production" title="Texas rice production">rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_wine" title="Texas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Agriculture in the Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dirt_Region" title="Black Dirt Region">Black Dirt Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Belt" title="Corn Belt">Corn Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Belt" title="Cotton Belt">Cotton Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_Belt" title="Fruit Belt">Fruit Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Belt" title="Rice Belt">Rice Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_oyster_industry" title="Pacific Northwest oyster industry">Pacific Northwest oyster industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government <br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Agricultural_Statistics_Service" title="National Agricultural Statistics Service">National Agricultural Statistics Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_of_Agriculture" title="United States Census of Agriculture">United States Census of Agriculture</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law and<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Agricultural policy of the United States">Agricultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Trade_Development_and_Assistance_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954">Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_Risk_Protection_Act_of_2000" title="Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000">Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Agricultural_Labor_Relations_Act_of_1975" title="California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975">California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capper%E2%80%93Volstead_Act" title="Capper–Volstead Act">Capper–Volstead Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Act_for_Responsible_Employment" title="Children's Act for Responsible Employment">Children's Act for Responsible Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_farm_bill" title="United States farm bill">Farm bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Security_Act_of_1985" title="Food Security Act of 1985">Food Security Act of 1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food,_Agriculture,_Conservation,_and_Trade_Act_of_1990" title="Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990">Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Agriculture_Improvement_and_Reform_Act_of_1996" title="Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996">Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_Futures_Act" title="Grain Futures Act">Grain Futures Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packers_and_Stockyards_Act" title="Packers and Stockyards Act">Packers and Stockyards Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act" title="Pure Food and Drug Act">Pure Food and Drug Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Grazing_Act_of_1934" title="Taylor Grazing Act of 1934">Taylor Grazing Act of 1934</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and<br /> environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_United_States_agricultural_workers" title="Mental health in United States agricultural workers">Agricultural workers mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change and agriculture in the United States">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_suicides_in_the_United_States" title="Farmers' suicides in the United States">Farmer suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_in_the_United_States" title="Genetically modified food in the United States">Genetically modified food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogallala_Aquifer" title="Ogallala Aquifer">Ogallala Aquifer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adulterated_food_in_the_United_States" title="Adulterated food in the United States">Adulterated food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_nut_crimes" title="California nut crimes">California nut crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_raiding" title="Cattle raiding">Cattle raiding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farmworkers_in_the_United_States" title="Farmworkers in the United States">Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bracero_Program" title="Bracero Program">Bracero Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_leasing" title="Convict leasing">Convict leasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Labor_Organizing_Committee" title="Farm Labor Organizing Committee">Farm Labor Organizing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-2A_visa" title="H-2A visa">H-2A visa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blooming_Onion" title="Operation Blooming Onion">Operation Blooming Onion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Farm_Workers" title="United Farm Workers">United Farm Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Food_and_Commercial_Workers" title="United Food and Commercial Workers">United Food and Commercial Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Land_Army_of_America" title="Woman's Land Army of 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