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Persian</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Persian"> <meta name="keywords" content="Persian"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Persian"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 168</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Persian</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> ViraPart: A Text Refinement Framework for Automatic Speech Recognition and Natural Language Processing Tasks in Persian</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narges%20Farokhshad">Narges Farokhshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milad%20Molazadeh"> Milad Molazadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saman%20Jamalabbasi"> Saman Jamalabbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Babaei%20Giglou"> Hamed Babaei Giglou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Bibak"> Saeed Bibak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Persian language is an inflectional subject-object-verb language. This fact makes Persian a more uncertain language. However, using techniques such as Zero-Width Non-Joiner (ZWNJ) recognition, punctuation restoration, and Persian Ezafe construction will lead us to a more understandable and precise language. In most of the works in Persian, these techniques are addressed individually. Despite that, we believe that for text refinement in Persian, all of these tasks are necessary. In this work, we proposed a ViraPart framework that uses embedded ParsBERT in its core for text clarifications. First, used the BERT variant for Persian followed by a classifier layer for classification procedures. Next, we combined models outputs to output cleartext. In the end, the proposed model for ZWNJ recognition, punctuation restoration, and Persian Ezafe construction performs the averaged F1 macro scores of 96.90%, 92.13%, and 98.50%, respectively. Experimental results show that our proposed approach is very effective in text refinement for the Persian language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Ezafe" title="Persian Ezafe">Persian Ezafe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punctuation" title=" punctuation"> punctuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZWNJ" title=" ZWNJ"> ZWNJ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLP" title=" NLP"> NLP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ParsBERT" title=" ParsBERT"> ParsBERT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformers" title=" transformers"> transformers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143102/virapart-a-text-refinement-framework-for-automatic-speech-recognition-and-natural-language-processing-tasks-in-persian" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> Multilingualism and Unification of Teaching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Damaliamiri">Mehdi Damaliamiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firouzeh%20Akbari"> Firouzeh Akbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teaching literature to children at an early age is of great importance, and there have been different methods to facilitate learning literature. Based on the law, all children going to school in Iran should learn the Persian language and literature. This has been concomitant with two different levels of learning related to urban or rural bilingualism. For bilingual children living in the villages, learning literature and a new language (Persian) turns into a big challenge as it is done based on the translation the teacher does while in the city, it is easier as the confrontation of children with the Persian language is more. Over recent years, to change the trend of learning Persian by children speaking another language, the TV and radio programs have been considered to be effective, but the scores of the students in Persian language national exams show that these programs have not been so effective for the bilingual students living in the villages. To identify the determinants of weak learning of Persian by bilingual children, two different regions were chosen, Turkish-speaking and Kurdish-speaking communities, to compare their learning of Persian at the first and second levels of elementary school. The criteria of learning was based on the syllabification of Persian words, word order in the sentence, and compound sentences. Students were taught in Persian how to recognize syllabification without letting them translate the words in their own languages and were asked to produce simple sentences in Persian in response to situational questions. Teaching methods, language relatedness with Persian, and exposure to social media programs, especially TV and radio, were the factors that were considered to affect the potential of children in learning Persian. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingualism" title="bilingualism">bilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persian" title=" persian"> persian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Literature" title=" Literature"> Literature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164899/multilingualism-and-unification-of-teaching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> Morphological Analysis of English L1-Persian L2 Adult Learners’ Interlanguage: From the Perspective of SLA Variation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maassoumeh%20Bemani%20Naeini">Maassoumeh Bemani Naeini </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies on interlanguage have long been engaged in describing the phenomenon of variation in SLA. Pursuing the same goal and particularly addressing the role of linguistic features, this study describes the use of Persian morphology in the interlanguage of two adult English-speaking learners of Persian L2. Taking the general approach of a combination of contrastive analysis, error analysis and interlanguage analysis, this study focuses on the identification and prediction of some possible instances of transfer from English L1 to Persian L2 across six elicitation tasks aiming to investigate whether any of contextual features may variably influence the learners’ order of morpheme accuracy in the areas of copula, possessives, articles, demonstratives, plural form, personal pronouns, and genitive cases.  Results describe the existence of task variation in the interlanguage system of Persian L2 learners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20L1" title="English L1">English L1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Interlanguage%20Analysis" title=" Interlanguage Analysis"> Interlanguage Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20L2" title=" Persian L2"> Persian L2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SLA%20variation" title=" SLA variation"> SLA variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42660/morphological-analysis-of-english-l1-persian-l2-adult-learners-interlanguage-from-the-perspective-of-sla-variation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> Reasons for Language Words in the Quran and Literary Approaches That Are Persian</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fateme%20Mazbanpoor">Fateme Mazbanpoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Mohammad%20Amiri"> Sayed Mohammad Amiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, we will examine the Persian words in Quran and study the reasons of their presence in this holy book. Writers of this paper extracted about 70 Persian words of Quran by referring to resources. (Alalfaz ol Moarab ol Farsieh Edishir, Almoarabol Javalighi, Almahzab va Etghan Seuti; Vocabulary involved in Quran Arthur Jeffry;, and etc…), some of these words are: ‘Abarigh, ‘Estabragh’,’Barzakh’, ‘Din’,’Zamharir, ‘Sondos’ ‘Sejil’,’ Namaregh’, ‘Fil’ etc. These Persian words have entered Arabic and finally entered Quran in two ways: 1) directly from Persian language, 2) via other languages. The first way: because of the Iranian dominance on Hira, Yemen, whole Oman and Bahrein land in Sasanian period, there were political, religious, linguistic, literary, and trade ties between these Arab territories causing the impact of Persian on Arabic; giving way to many Persian-loan words into Arabic in this period of time. The second way: Since the geographical and business conditions of the areas were dominated by Iran, Hejaz had lots of deals and trades with Mesopotamia and Yemen. On the other hand, Arabic language which was relatively a young language at that time, used to be impressed by Semitic languages in order to expand its vocabulary (Syrian and Aramaic were influenced by the languages of Iran). Consequently, due to the long relationship between Iranian and Arabs, some of the Persian words have taken longer ways through Aramaic and Syrian to find their way into Quran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20word" title=" Persian word"> Persian word</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20language" title=" Arabic language"> Arabic language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian" title=" Persian"> Persian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27815/reasons-for-language-words-in-the-quran-and-literary-approaches-that-are-persian" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> Determiner Phrase in Persian</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Morad%20Sahraei">Reza Morad Sahraei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roghayeh%20Kazeminahad"> Roghayeh Kazeminahad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surveying the structure of NP in Persian, this article tries to show that most of NP constituents are either independent of each other or they are dependent to Determiner Phrase (=DP). The writer follows a uniform minimal analysis to illustrate the structural position of relevant constituents of DP, including Possessive Phrase, Ezafat Phrase and Quantifier Phrase, under the tree diagram. The most important point of this article is the claim that NP is mostly one of the dependents of DP. Hence, the final section of the article deals with and analyzes the structure of DP in Persian. The DP analysis undertaken in this article has some advantages. It can explain the internal relevance of all DP constituents and provides them all a uniform analysis. Also, the semantic importance of Persian genitive marker and its role in parsing is borne out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=determiner%20phrase%20%28DP%29" title="determiner phrase (DP)">determiner phrase (DP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ezafat%20phrase%20%28Ezaf%20P%29" title=" ezafat phrase (Ezaf P)"> ezafat phrase (Ezaf P)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noun%20phrase%28NP%29" title=" noun phrase(NP)"> noun phrase(NP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=possessive%20phrase%20%28PossP%29" title=" possessive phrase (PossP)"> possessive phrase (PossP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantifier%20phrase%20%28QP%29" title=" quantifier phrase (QP)"> quantifier phrase (QP)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24662/determiner-phrase-in-persian" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">584</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> A Comparative Study of Language Learning Strategy Use of Iranian Kurdish Bilingual and Persian Monolingual in EFL Context </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Khani">Reza Khani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziba%20Hosseini"> Ziba Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was an attempt to investigate the difference between learners of Iranian Kurdish–Persian bilingual language and Persian monolinguals, regarding language strategy use (LLS). The participants of the study were 120 monolingual Persian and 120 bilingual Kurdish studying English as a foreign language (EFL). Data were collected using strategy inventory for language learning SILL. The results show bilingual reported higher use of language learning strategies in all categories of SILL except memory strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning" title="language learning">language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monolingual" title=" monolingual"> monolingual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20study" title=" comparative study"> comparative study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23847/a-comparative-study-of-language-learning-strategy-use-of-iranian-kurdish-bilingual-and-persian-monolingual-in-efl-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> Writing Style in a Thousand Splendid Suns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maroof%20Sakhi">Maroof Sakhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article studies writing style in A Thousand Splendid Suns. It mainly discusses code-switching and usage of Persian words in the novel. Hosseini mainly writes in English; however, constantly he applies Persian words, phrases and syntax. Code-switching is used for different purposes in A Thousand Splendid Suns. It gives a voice to a character from Afghanistan. It is also used to mark a difference between the American and Afghanistan cultures and languages. Furthermore, representation of Persian language can be interpreted as valorization of the author’s mother tongue. In short, the writing style in A Thousand Splendid Suns represents Hosseini’s identity, culture and linguistic background. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-switching" title="code-switching">code-switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridity" title=" hybridity"> hybridity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20background" title=" linguistic background"> linguistic background</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20literature" title=" Persian literature"> Persian literature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156374/writing-style-in-a-thousand-splendid-suns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Analysis of Persian Fallow Deer Semen Parameters in Breeding and Non-Breeding Seasons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Ghasemzadeh-Nava">Hamid Ghasemzadeh-Nava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behrang%20Ekrami"> Behrang Ekrami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Persian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica) is belonging to the family Cervidae and is only found in a few protected areas in the northwest, north, and southwest of Iran. The aims of this study were the analysis of inbreeding and morphometric parameters of semen in male Persian fallow deer to investigate the cause of reduced fertility of this endangered species in Dasht-e-Naz National Refuge, Sari, Iran. The Persian fallow deer semen was collected from four adult bucks randomly during the breeding and non-breeding season from five dehorned and horned deer's by using a ram electroejaculator. The post-mating season collected ejaculates contained abnormal spermatozoa, debris and secretion of accessory glands in horned bucks and accessory glands secretion free of any spermatozoa in dehorned or early velvet budding bucks. Many dag defect abnormalities observed in all samples may be the cause of high rate of polymorphism because of small primary herd size of Persian fallow deer in this area, so needs be evaluated genetically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroejaculator" title="electroejaculator">electroejaculator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20fallow%20deer" title=" Persian fallow deer"> Persian fallow deer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20characteristics" title=" reproductive characteristics"> reproductive characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spermatozoa" title=" spermatozoa"> spermatozoa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37691/analysis-of-persian-fallow-deer-semen-parameters-in-breeding-and-non-breeding-seasons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> A Contrastive Rhetoric Study: The Use of Textual and Interpersonal Metadiscoursal Markers in Persian and English Newspaper Editorials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habibollah%20Mashhady">Habibollah Mashhady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moslem%20Fatollahi"> Moslem Fatollahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study tries to contrast the use of metadiscoursal markers in English and Persian Newspaper Editorials as persuasive text types. These markers are linguistic elements in the text which do not add to the propositional content of it, rather they serve to realize the Halliday’s (1985) textual and interpersonal functions of language. At first, some of the most common markers from five subcategories of Text Connectives, Illocution Markers, Hedges, Emphatics, and Attitude Markers were identified in both English and Persian newspapers. Then, the frequency of occurrence of these markers in both English and Persian corpus consisting of 44 randomly selected editorials (18,000 words in each) from several English and Persian newspapers was recorded. After that, using a two-way chi square analysis, the overall x2 obs was found to be highly significant. So, the null hypothesis of no difference was confidently rejected. Finally, in order to determine the contribution of each subcategory to the overall x 2 value, one-way chi square analyses were applied to the individual subcategories. The results indicated that only two of the five subcategories of markers were statistically significant. This difference is then attributed to the differing spirits prevailing in the linguistic communities involved. Regarding the minor research question it was found that, in contrast to English writers, Persian writers are more writer-oriented in their writings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metadiscoursal%20markers" title="metadiscoursal markers">metadiscoursal markers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textual%20meta-function" title=" textual meta-function"> textual meta-function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpersonal%20meta-function" title=" interpersonal meta-function"> interpersonal meta-function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persuasive%20texts" title=" persuasive texts"> persuasive texts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20and%20Persian%20newspaper%20editorials" title=" English and Persian newspaper editorials"> English and Persian newspaper editorials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18633/a-contrastive-rhetoric-study-the-use-of-textual-and-interpersonal-metadiscoursal-markers-in-persian-and-english-newspaper-editorials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> The Exploration of Sustainable Landscape in Iran: From Persian Garden to Modern Park</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Honey%20Fadaie">Honey Fadaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Parhoodeh"> Vahid Parhoodeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper concentrates on the result of research based on studies on parameters of sustainability in Persian Garden design as a traditional Iranian landscape and in a contemporary park, Jamshidieh in Iran as a new experience of re-creation of Persian Gardens’ sustainable design. Since, sustainable development has three parts: social, economic and environmental. The complexities of each part are too great to discuss in a paper of this length, thus the authors decided to analyze the design of Persian garden by considering their environmental sustainability. By the analysis of sustainable features and characteristics of traditional gardens, and exploration of parameters of sustainability in Iranian modern landscape, Such as Jamshideh Park, the main objective of this research is to identify the strategies for sustainable landscaping and parameters of creating sustainable green spaces for contemporary cities. The results demonstrate that in Persian Gardens, sustainable parameters such as productive networks and local renewable materials have been used to achieve sustainable development. At the conclusion, guidelines and recommendations for sustainable landscaping are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshidieh%20park" title="Jamshidieh park">Jamshidieh park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20garden" title=" Persian garden"> Persian garden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20landscape" title=" sustainable landscape"> sustainable landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20space" title=" urban green space"> urban green space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36241/the-exploration-of-sustainable-landscape-in-iran-from-persian-garden-to-modern-park" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> A Study on Explicitation Strategies Employed in Persian Subtitling of English Crime Movies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Heidari%20Tabrizi">Hossein Heidari Tabrizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azizeh%20Chalak"> Azizeh Chalak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Enayat"> Hossein Enayat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study seeks to investigate the application of expansion strategy in Persian subtitles of English crime movies. More precisely, this study aims at classifying the different types of expansion used in subtitles as well as investigating the appropriateness or inappropriateness of the application of each type. To achieve this end, three English movies; namely, The Net (1995), Contact (1997) and Mission Impossible 2 (2000), available with Persian subtitles, were selected for the study. To collect the data, the above mentioned movies were watched and those parts of the Persian subtitles in which expansion had been used were identified and extracted along with their English dialogs. Then, the extracted Persian subtitles were classified based on the reason that led to expansion in each case. Next, the appropriateness or inappropriateness of using expansion in the extracted Persian subtitles was descriptively investigated. Finally, an equivalent not containing any expansion was proposed for those cases in which the meaning could be fully transferred without this strategy. The findings of the study indicated that the reasons range from explicitation (explicitation of visual, co-textual and contextual information), mistranslation and paraphrasing to the preferences of subtitlers. Furthermore, it was found that the employment of expansion strategy was inappropriate in all cases except for those caused by explicitation of contextual information since correct and shorter equivalents which were equally capable of conveying the intended meaning could be posited for the original dialogs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audiovisual%20translation" title="audiovisual translation">audiovisual translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20crime%20movies" title=" English crime movies"> English crime movies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansion%20strategies" title=" expansion strategies"> expansion strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20subtitles" title=" Persian subtitles"> Persian subtitles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34785/a-study-on-explicitation-strategies-employed-in-persian-subtitling-of-english-crime-movies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> A Self Beheld the Eyes of the Other: Reflections on Montesquieu's Persian Letters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Majid%20Alavi%20Shooshtari">Seyed Majid Alavi Shooshtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a multi-layered prose piece of artistry and craftsmanship Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu’s Persian Letters (1721) is a satirical work which records the experiences of two Persian noblemen, Usbek and Rica, traveling through France in the early eighteenth century. Montesquieu creates Persian Letters as a critique of the French society, a critical explanation of what was considered to be 'the Orient' in the period, and an invaluable historical document which illustrates the ways Europe and the East understood each other in the first half of the eighteenth century. However, Persian Letters is considered today, in part, an Orientalist text because of it presenting the culture of the East using stereotypical images. Although, when Montesquieu published Persian Letters, the term Orientalist was a harmless word for people who studied or took an interest in it, the ways in which this Western intellectual author exerts his critique of French social and political life through the eyes of Persian protagonists by placing the example of the Orient (the Other) at the service of an ongoing Eighteen century discourse does raise some Eastern eyebrows. The fact that Persian side of the novel is considered by some critics as a fanciful decor, and the letters sent home are seen as literary props, yet these Eastern men intelligently question the rationality of religious, state, military and cultural practices and uncover much of the absurdity, irrationality or frivolity of European life. By drawing on the insight that Montesquieu’s text problematizes the assumption that orientalism monolithically constructs the Orient as the Other, the present paper aims to examine how the innocent gaze of two Eastern travelers mirrors the ways Europe’s identity defines its-Self. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=montesquieu" title="montesquieu">montesquieu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persian%20letters" title=" persian letters"> persian letters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%98the%20orint%E2%80%99" title=" ‘the orint’"> ‘the orint’</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20politics" title=" identity politics"> identity politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self" title=" self"> self</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20other" title=" the other"> the other</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149100/a-self-beheld-the-eyes-of-the-other-reflections-on-montesquieus-persian-letters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Single Item Presenteeism Question Reliability and Validity of Persian Version in Low Back Pain Patients </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Khanmohammadi">Mohammadreza Khanmohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddin%20Nakhostin%20Ansari"> Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soofia%20Naghdi"> Soofia Naghdi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Our study aimed to validate single item presenteeism question (SIPQ) into the Persian language for patients with low back pain. Background information: low back pain is a common health problem, and it is one of the most prevalent disorder in working people. There are the different subjective way to evaluate the effect of back pain on work productivity that one of them is by implementing single item presenteeism question. This question has not been validated into the Persian language. Method: Patients were asked to answer SIPQ and pain from 0 to 10 according to numerical rating scale (NRS). The functional rating index was administrated to evaluate construct validity. For test-retest reliability, almost 50 patients re-completed the Persian SIPQ. The construct validity of SIPQ was assessed by analyzing Spearman rank correlation between this question and the Persian version of Functional rating index questionnaire. To analyze test-retest reliability, we assessed intraclass correlation coefficient (agreement) (ICC agreement) (two-way random effects model, single measure). Results: The SIPQ score of two groups of patients (84 males, 16 females, mean age ±SD: 33.85±11.16 years, range: 19-67 years) and healthy subjects (48 male, 2 female ones, mean age ±SD: 24.24 ±8.07 years) was statistically significant. (Mann-Whitney U =198.00, P<.001). The Spearman correlation of data showed that there is a significant correlation between Persian SIPQ score and Persian FRI band (r= .559, P<.001). The ICC was .62. So, the analysis indicated good, test-retest reliability. Conclusion: This study showed that Persian version of SIPQ is reliable and valid when applied to back pain patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20cultural%20adaptation" title="cross cultural adaptation">cross cultural adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20burden" title=" economic burden"> economic burden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20back%20pain" title=" low back pain"> low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20language" title=" Persian language"> Persian language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation" title=" translation"> translation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83995/single-item-presenteeism-question-reliability-and-validity-of-persian-version-in-low-back-pain-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> Comparing Phonological Processes in Persian-Arabic Bilingual Children and Monolingual Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vafa%20Delphi">Vafa Delphi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Delphi"> Maryam Delphi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talieh%20Zarifian"> Talieh Zarifian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enayatolah%20Bakhshi"> Enayatolah Bakhshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aim: Bilingualism is a common phenomenon in many countries of the world and May be consistent consonant errors in the speech of bilingual children. The aim of this study was to evaluate Phonological skills include occurrence proportion, frequency and type of phonological processes in Persian-Arabic speaking children in Ahvaz city, the center of Khuzestan. Method: This study is descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional. Twenty-eight children aged 36-48 months were divided into two groups Persian monolingual and Persian-Arabic bilingual: (14 participants in each group). Sampling was recruited randomly based on inclusion criteria from kindergartens of the Ahvaz city in Iran. The tool of this study was the Persian Phonological Test (PPT), a subtest of Persian Diagnostic Evaluation Articulation and Phonological test. In this test, Phonological processes were investigated in two groups: structure and substitution processes. Data was investigated using SPSS software and the U Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed that the proportion occurrence of substitution process was significantly different between two groups of monolingual and bilingual (P=0/001), But the type of phonological processes didn’t show a significant difference in both monolingual and bilingual children of the Persian-Arabic.The frequency of phonological processes is greater in bilingual children than monolingual children. Conclusion: The study showed that bilingualism has no effect on type of phonological processes, but this can be effective on the frequency of processes. Since the type of phonological processes in bilingual children is similar to monolingual children So we can conclude the Persian_arabic bilingual children's phonological system is similar to monolingual children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian-Arabic%20bilingual%20child" title="Persian-Arabic bilingual child">Persian-Arabic bilingual child</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonological%20processes" title=" phonological processes"> phonological processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20proportion%20occurrence%20of%20syllable%20structure" title=" the proportion occurrence of syllable structure"> the proportion occurrence of syllable structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20proportion%20occurrence%20of%20substitution" title=" the proportion occurrence of substitution"> the proportion occurrence of substitution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141276/comparing-phonological-processes-in-persian-arabic-bilingual-children-and-monolingual-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> Morphometric Parameters and Evaluation of Persian Fallow Deer Semen in Dashenaz Refuge in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behrang%20Ekrami">Behrang Ekrami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Tamadon"> Amin Tamadon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Persian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica) is belonging to the family Cervidae and is only found in a few protected areas in the northwest, north, and southwest of Iran. The aims of this study were analysis of inbreeding and morphometric parameters of semen in male Persian fallow deer to investigate the cause of reduced fertility of this endangered species in Dasht-e-Naz National Refuge, Sari, Iran. The Persian fallow deer semen was collected from four adult bucks randomly during the breeding and non-breeding season from five dehorned and horned deer's BY an artificial vagina. Twelve blood samples was taken from Persian fallow deer and mitochondrial DNA was extracted, amplified, extracted, sequenced, and then were considered for genetic analysis. The Persian fallow deer semen, both with normal and abnormal spermatozoa, is similar to that of domestic ruminants but very smaller and difficult to observe at the primary observation. The post-mating season collected ejaculates contained abnormal spermatozoa, debris and secretion of accessory glands in horned bucks and accessory glands secretion free of any spermatozoa in dehorned or early velvet budding bucks. Microscopic evaluation in all four bucks during the mating season showed the mean concentration of 9×106 spermatozoa/ml. The mean ±SD of age, testes length and testes width was 4.60±1.52 years, 3.58±0.32 and 1.86±0.09 cm, respectively. The results identified 1120 loci (assuming each nucleotide as locus) in which 377 were polymorphic. In conclusion, reduced fertility of male Persian fallow deer may be caused by inbreeding of the protected herd in a limited area of Dasht-e-Naz National Refuge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20fallow%20deer" title="Persian fallow deer">Persian fallow deer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spermatozoa" title=" spermatozoa"> spermatozoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20characteristics" title=" reproductive characteristics"> reproductive characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphometric%20parameters" title=" morphometric parameters"> morphometric parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18402/morphometric-parameters-and-evaluation-of-persian-fallow-deer-semen-in-dashenaz-refuge-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">577</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Priority of Goal Over Source in Persian Directional Motion Verbs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahereh%20Samenian">Tahereh Samenian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is ample evidence that source and goal are disproportionately expressed in languages, and goal usually plays a more prominent role than source. The results show that the mismatch between the goal and the source is not entirely rooted in non-linguistic behaviors, i.e. that linguistic descriptions also show the focus of the goal on the source in events; Non-verbal memory for events, on the other hand, indicates that the focus of the goal is only on events that are purposefully moving and the actor is alive. In the present study, an attempt is made to examine the principle of priority of the goal over the source by focusing on Persian directional motion verbs. For this purpose, 117 Persian directional motion verbs have been selected from the dictionary and data for them have been collected from the body of Bijan Khan and the components of goal and source have been identified in sentences and the prominence of the components of goal and source has been shown in the form of diagrams. As it was obtained from the data, Persian motion-directional verbs also showed the bias of the goal over source in motion events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion-directional%20verbs" title="motion-directional verbs">motion-directional verbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=priority%20of%20goal%20over%20source%20principle" title=" priority of goal over source principle"> priority of goal over source principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20factors" title=" cognitive factors"> cognitive factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20factors" title=" linguistic factors"> linguistic factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156958/priority-of-goal-over-source-in-persian-directional-motion-verbs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Sustainable Energy Production from Microalgae in Queshm Island, Persian Gulf </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Moazami">N. Moazami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ranjbar"> R. Ranjbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ashori"> A. Ashori </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Out of hundreds of microalgal strains reported, only very few of them are capable for production of high content of lipid. Therefore, the key technical challenges include identifying the strains with the highest growth rates and oil contents with adequate composition, which were the main aims of this work. From 147 microalgae screened for high biomass and oil productivity, the Nannochloropsis sp. PTCC 6016, which attained 52% lipid content, was selected for large scale cultivation in Persian Gulf Knowledge Island. Nannochloropsis strain PTCC 6016 belongs to Eustigmatophyceae (Phylum heterokontophyta) isolated from Mangrove forest area of Qheshm Island and Persian Gulf (Iran) in 2008. The strain PTCC 6016 had an average biomass productivity of 2.83 g/L/day and 52% lipid content. The biomass productivity and the oil production potential could be projected to be more than 200 tons biomass and 100000 L oil per hectare per year, in an outdoor algal culture (300 day/year) in the Persian Gulf climate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuels" title="biofuels">biofuels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nannochloropsis" title=" Nannochloropsis"> Nannochloropsis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raceway%20open%20pond" title=" raceway open pond"> raceway open pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-jet" title=" bio-jet"> bio-jet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12748/sustainable-energy-production-from-microalgae-in-queshm-island-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> A New Assessment of the Chronology of the Vouni Palace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seren%20Sevim%20%C3%96%C4%9Fmen">Seren Sevim Öğmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96mer%20%C3%96zyi%C4%9Fit"> Ömer Özyiğit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vouni Palace is a Persian palace built on a rocky hill in the Lefke district of Cyprus. The palace is one of the limited number of architectures identified, which prove the existence of a Persian period on the island. Since the excavations on the palace were held a very long time ago, there is a need to re-date the cultural layers within the palace using new archaeological evidence and recent studies. The existing chronology has been reviewed and a new chronology has been created according to its architectural structure, floor findings such as ceramics and sculptures and the stratigraphic layer of Room 59 where the Vouni Treasure was found. This work dates the palace in Vouni between the periods of c. 520 BC, deduced from the early period sculptures, and c. 330 BC by the late period floor ceramics. Some earlier dated archaic sculptures are identified in Room 122 – which takes part in the temenos area of the palace, and correspondingly the construction of the palace is dated c. 520 BC. The comparison between Vouni Palace and Persian palaces built in Iran, shows similarities with palaces built during the rule of Darius. It is evident that two main building periods of the palace which are previously identified, represent Persian influence according to its architectural structure and findings. Several floor potteries show that there must be other layer or layers after Vouni Treasure dated 390/380 BC, which was considered as the destruction date of the palace. At this point the forenamed date can indicate the end of a stage, not the end of the period because the palace was still in use until c. 330 BC. The results of the study, in addition to dating the layers of Vouni Palace, enlightens the administrative function of the Palace within the Persian rule in Cyprus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=administrative" title="administrative">administrative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronology" title=" chronology"> chronology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyprus" title=" cyprus"> cyprus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persian%20rule" title=" persian rule"> persian rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vouni%20palace" title=" vouni palace"> vouni palace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145362/a-new-assessment-of-the-chronology-of-the-vouni-palace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Morphometric Parametersand Evaluation of Male Persian Fallow Deer Semen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behrang%20Ekrami">Behrang Ekrami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Tamadon"> Amin Tamadon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Razeghian%20Jahromi"> Iman Razeghian Jahromi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darioush%20Moghadas"> Darioush Moghadas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Ghahremani-Seno"> Mehdi Ghahremani-Seno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Ghaderi-Zefrehei"> Mostafa Ghaderi-Zefrehei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Sodagar%20Amiri"> Ahmad Sodagar Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taheri%20Reza"> Taheri Reza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Persian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica) is belonging to the family Cervidae and is only found in a few protected areas in the northwest, north, and southwest of Iran. The aims of this study were analysis of inbreeding and morphometric parameters of semen in male Persian fallow deer to investigate the cause of reduced fertility of this endangered species in Dasht-e-Naz National Refuge, Sari, Iran. The Persian fallow deer semen was collected from four adult bucks randomly during the breeding and non-breeding season from five dehorned and horned deer's by an artificial vagina. Twelve blood samples was taken from Persian fallow deer and mitochondrial DNA was extracted, amplified, extracted, sequenced and then were considered for genetic analysis. The Persian fallow deer semen, both with normal and abnormal spermatozoa, is similar to that of domestic ruminants but very smaller and difficult to observe at the primary observation. The post-mating season collected ejaculates contained abnormal spermatozoa, debris and secretion of accessory glands in horned bucks and accessory glands secretion free of any spermatozoa in dehorned or early velvet budding bucks. Microscopic evaluation in all four bucks during the mating season showed the mean concentration of 9×106 spermatozoa/ml. The mean ± SD of age, testes length and testes width was 4.60 ± 1.52 years, 3.58 ± 0.32 and 1.86 ± 0.09 cm, respectively. The results identified 1120 loci (assuming each nucleotide as locus) in which 377 were polymorphic. In conclusion, reduced fertility of male Persian fallow deer may be caused by inbreeding of the protected herd in a limited area of Dasht-e-Naz National Refuge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20fallow%20deer" title="Persian fallow deer">Persian fallow deer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20analysis" title=" genetic analysis"> genetic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spermatozoa" title=" spermatozoa"> spermatozoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20characteristics" title=" reproductive characteristics"> reproductive characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18278/morphometric-parametersand-evaluation-of-male-persian-fallow-deer-semen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">601</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Tamukkana, Ancient Achaemenids City near the Persian Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghulamhossein%20Nezami">Ghulamhossein Nezami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Civilizations based in Iran, especially in the south, have always realized the all-around importance of the Persian Sea and for various reasons, have paid full attention to it. The first of these was the pre-Aryan government, Ilam in the coastal province of Sharihum and the city of Lian (now the port of Bushehr) in terms of trade, defense and religion. With the establishment of the Achaemenids on the entire plateau of Iran to the center of Persia, they created several communication routes from Parseh to the shores of the Persian Gulf, which ended in the present Bushehr province. This coastal area was extended by a road in the coastal plain to the more southern parts of the ports of Ausinze - according to Ptolemy the port of Siraf before the Sassanids - and Epstane and Hormozia in the present-day Strait of Hormuz. Meanwhile, the ancient city of Temukknana, whose new historical documents testify to its extraordinary importance in the Achaemenid period, especially Darius I of the Achaemenids, from a strategic position with the coastal areas, the coasts and on the other hand with the gamers, the political center. - Achaemenid administration, had. New archeological evidence, research, and excavations show that both the famous Achaemenid kings and courtiers paid special attention to Tamukknana. The discovery of a tomb and three Achaemenid palaces from before the reign of Cyrus to Xerxes in this region showed the importance of the strategic, security-defense and commercial position of this region, extraordinary for the Achaemenids. Therefore, the city of Temukkana in the Dashtestan region of present-day Bushehr province became an important Achaemenid center on the Persian Gulf coast and became the political-economic center of gravity of the Achaemenids and the regulator of communication networks on the Persian Gulf coast. This event showed that the Achaemenids attached importance to their economic goals and oversight of their vast territory by the Persian Gulf. Methods: Book resources and field study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achaemenids" title="Achaemenids">Achaemenids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bushehr" title=" Bushehr"> Bushehr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title=" Persian Gulf"> Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamukkana" title=" Tamukkana"> Tamukkana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138515/tamukkana-ancient-achaemenids-city-near-the-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Health Risks Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Sea Food from Persian ‎Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Ehsanpour">Mohsen Ehsanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Ehsanpour"> Maryam Ehsanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%8EMajid%20Afkhami"> ‎Majid Afkhami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Afkhami%20%E2%80%8E"> Fatemeh Afkhami ‎ </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are increasingly being released into natural waters from geological and anthropogenic sources. The distribution of several heavy metals (Cd, Pb) was investigated in muscle, liver in six different fish species seasonally collected in Persian Gulf (autumn 2009-summer 2010). The concentrations of all metals were lower in flesh than those recorded in liver due to their physiological roles. The THQ index for fish was calculated. Estimation of target hazard quotients calculations for the contaminated fish consumption was calculated to evaluate the effect of pollution on health. Total metal THQs values (Pb and Cd) for adults were 0.05 and 0.04 in Bushehr and Bandar-Genaveh, respectively, and for children they were 0.08 and 0.05 in Bandar-Abbas and Bandar-Lengeh, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risks" title=" health risks"> health risks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THQ%20index" title=" THQ index "> THQ index </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14328/health-risks-evaluation-of-heavy-metals-in-sea-food-from-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">716</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Habitat Use by Persian Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Bydoye Protected Area, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Aghanajafizadeh">S. Aghanajafizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Poursina"> M. Poursina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We studied the selection of winter habitat by Persian Gazelle (Gazella subguttrosa) in Bydoyeh protected area. Habitat variables such as plant species number, vegetation percent, distance to the nearest water sources and plant patch of present sites were compared with randomly selected non- used sites. The results showed that the most important factors influencing habitat selection were number and vegetation percent of Artemisia sieberi. Vegetation percent of plants. vegetation percent and number of Artemisia sieberi were significantly higher compared with the control area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20gazelle" title="Persian gazelle">Persian gazelle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habitat%20%20use" title=" habitat use"> habitat use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bydoyeh%20protected%20area" title=" Bydoyeh protected area"> Bydoyeh protected area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerman" title=" Kerman"> Kerman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12667/habitat-use-by-persian-gazelle-gazella-subgutturosa-in-bydoye-protected-area-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Screening for Antibacterial, Antifungal and Cytotoxic Agents in Three Hard Coral Species from Persian Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Ehsanpou">Maryam Ehsanpou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Afkhami"> Majid Afkhami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flora%20Mohammadizadeh"> Flora Mohammadizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirhoushang%20Bahri"> Amirhoushang Bahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rastin%20Afkhami"> Rastin Afkhami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within the frame of a biodiversity and bioactivity study of marine macro organisms from the Persian Gulf, three hard coral species extracts were investigated for cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal activities against five human pathogenic microorganisms. All concentrations of extracts from three hard corals showed no antifungal activity towards the tested strains. In antibacterial assays, the hard coral extracts showed significant activity solely against Staphylococcus aureus with MICs ranging from 3 to 9 μg/ml. The highest antibacterial activity was found in the aqueous methanol extract of Porites compressa with an inhibition zone of 22 mm against Staphylococcus aureus at 18 μg/ml extract concentration. Methanol extracts from Porites harrisoi and Porites compressa exhibited only weak cytotoxic activities. It is important for future research to concentrate on finding the mechanisms employed by corals to defend themselves against invasion, the mechanism of infections and the type of chemical compounds in coral extracts that inhibit antibacterial growth or proliferation in underexplored areas such as the Persian Gulf. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title="antibacterial">antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal" title=" antifungal"> antifungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxic" title=" cytotoxic"> cytotoxic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20corals" title=" hard corals"> hard corals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title=" Persian Gulf"> Persian Gulf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34016/screening-for-antibacterial-antifungal-and-cytotoxic-agents-in-three-hard-coral-species-from-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Recreating Old Gardens, a Dynamic and Sustainable Design Pattern for Urban Green Spaces, Case Study: Persian Garden</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Sarabi">Mina Sarabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariush%20Sattarzadeh"> Dariush Sattarzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitra%20Asadollahi%20Oula"> Mitra Asadollahi Oula</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the old days, gardens reflect the identity and culture of each country. Persian garden in urban planning and architecture has a high position and it is a kind of paradise in Iranian opinion. But nowadays, the gardens were replaced with parks and urban open spaces. On the other hand, due to the industrial development of cities and increasing air pollution in urban environments, living in this spaces make problem for people. And improving ecological conditions will be felt more than ever. The purposes of this study are identification and reproduction of Persian garden pattern and adaptation of it with sustainability features in green spaces in contemporary cities and developing meaningful green spaces instead of designing aimless spaces in urban environment. The research method in this article is analytical and descriptive. Studying and collecting information about Iranian garden pattern is referring to library documents, articles and analysis case studies. The result reveals that Persian garden was the main factor the bond between man and nature. But in the last century, this relationship is in trouble. It has a significant impact in reducing the adverse effects of urban air pollution, noise and etc as well. Nowadays, recreated pattern of Iranian gardens in urban green spaces not only keep Iranian identity for future generations but also, using the principles of sustainability can play an important role in sustainable development and quality space of a city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20open%20spaces" title="green open spaces">green open spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature" title=" nature"> nature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20garden" title=" Persian garden"> Persian garden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20sustainability" title=" urban sustainability"> urban sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79165/recreating-old-gardens-a-dynamic-and-sustainable-design-pattern-for-urban-green-spaces-case-study-persian-garden" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Direct Translation vs. Pivot Language Translation for Persian-Spanish Low-Resourced Statistical Machine Translation System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benyamin%20Ahmadnia">Benyamin Ahmadnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Serrano"> Javier Serrano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we compare two different approaches for translating from Persian to Spanish, as a language pair with scarce parallel corpus. The first approach involves direct transfer using an statistical machine translation system, which is available for this language pair. The second approach involves translation through English, as a pivot language, which has more translation resources and more advanced translation systems available. The results show that, it is possible to achieve better translation quality using English as a pivot language in either approach outperforms direct translation from Persian to Spanish. Our best result is the pivot system which scores higher than direct translation by (1.12) BLEU points. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20machine%20translation" title="statistical machine translation">statistical machine translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20translation%20approach" title=" direct translation approach"> direct translation approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pivot%20language%20translation%20approach" title=" pivot language translation approach"> pivot language translation approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20corpus" title=" parallel corpus"> parallel corpus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40784/direct-translation-vs-pivot-language-translation-for-persian-spanish-low-resourced-statistical-machine-translation-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Flushing Model for Artificial Islands in the Persian Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sawsan%20Eissa">Sawsan Eissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Momen%20Gharib"> Momen Gharib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omnia%20Kabbany"> Omnia Kabbany</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A flushing numerical study has been performed for intended artificial islands on the Persian Gulf coast in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The island masterplan was tested for flushing using the DELFT 3D hydrodynamic model, and it was found that its residence time exceeds the acceptable PIANC flushing Criteria. Therefore, a number of mitigation measures were applied and tested one by one using the flushing model. Namely, changing the location of the entrance opening, dredging, removing part of the mangrove existing in the near vicinity to create a channel, removing the mangrove altogether, using culverts of different numbers and locations, and pumping at selected points. The pumping option gave the best solution, but it was disregarded due to high capital and running costs. Therefore, it opted for a combination of other solutions, including removing mangroves, introducing culverts, and adjusting island boundaries and types of protection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title="hydrodynamics">hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flushing" title=" flushing"> flushing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delft%203d" title=" delft 3d"> delft 3d</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title=" Persian Gulf"> Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20islands." title=" artificial islands."> artificial islands.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182437/flushing-model-for-artificial-islands-in-the-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Mercury Detection in Two Fishes from the Persian Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Khoshnood">Zahra Khoshnood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Kazaie"> Mehdi Kazaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajedeh%20Neisi"> Sajedeh Neisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 2013, 24 fish samples were taken from two fishery regions in the north of Persian Gulf near the Iranian coastal lines. The two flatfishes were Yellofin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) and Longtail tuna (Thannus tonggol). We analyzed total Hg concentration of liver and muscle tissues by Mercury Analyzer (model LECO AMA 254). The average concentration of total Hg in edible Muscle tissue of deep-Flounder was measured in Bandar-Abbas and was found to be 18.92 and it was 10.19 µg.g-1 in Bandar-Lengeh. The corresponding values for Oriental sole were 8.47 and 0.08 µg.g-1. The average concentration of Hg in liver tissue of deep-Flounder, in Bandar-Abbas was 25.49 and that in Bandar-Lengeh was 12.52 µg.g-1.the values for Oriental sole were 11.88 and 3.2 µg.g-1 in Bandar-Abbas and Bandar-Lengeh, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title="mercury">mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acanthopagrus%20latus" title=" Acanthopagrus latus"> Acanthopagrus latus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thannus%20tonggol" title=" Thannus tonggol"> Thannus tonggol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20Gulf" title=" Persian Gulf "> Persian Gulf </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14674/mercury-detection-in-two-fishes-from-the-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">603</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Study of the Persian Gulf’s and Oman Sea’s Numerical Tidal Currents </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Sadat%20Sharifi">Fatemeh Sadat Sharifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, a barotropic model was employed to consider the tidal studies in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, where the only sufficient force was the tidal force. To do that, a finite-difference, free-surface model called Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), was employed on the data over the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. To analyze flow patterns of the region, the results of limited size model of The Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) were appropriated. The two points were determined since both are one of the most critical water body in case of the economy, biology, fishery, Shipping, navigation, and petroleum extraction. The OSU Tidal Prediction Software (OTPS) tide and observation data validated the modeled result. Next, tidal elevation and speed, and tidal analysis were interpreted. Preliminary results determine a significant accuracy in the tidal height compared with observation and OTPS data, declaring that tidal currents are highest in Hormuz Strait and the narrow and shallow region between Iranian coasts and Islands. Furthermore, tidal analysis clarifies that the M_2 component has the most significant value. Finally, the Persian Gulf tidal currents are divided into two branches: the first branch converts from south to Qatar and via United Arab Emirate rotates to Hormuz Strait. The secondary branch, in north and west, extends up to the highest point in the Persian Gulf and in the head of Gulf turns counterclockwise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20model" title="numerical model">numerical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barotropic%20tide" title=" barotropic tide"> barotropic tide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tidal%20currents" title=" tidal currents"> tidal currents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OSU%20tidal%20prediction%20software" title=" OSU tidal prediction software"> OSU tidal prediction software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OTPS" title=" OTPS"> OTPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112497/study-of-the-persian-gulfs-and-oman-seas-numerical-tidal-currents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Efficiency of Google Translate and Bing Translator in Translating Persian-to-English Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samad%20Sajjadi">Samad Sajjadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Machine translation is a new subject increasingly being used by academic writers, especially students and researchers whose native language is not English. There are numerous studies conducted on machine translation, but few investigations have assessed the accuracy of machine translation from Persian to English at lexical, semantic, and syntactic levels. Using Groves and Mundt’s (2015) Model of error taxonomy, the current study evaluated Persian-to-English translations produced by two famous online translators, Google Translate and Bing Translator. A total of 240 texts were randomly selected from different academic fields (law, literature, medicine, and mass media), and 60 texts were considered for each domain. All texts were rendered by the two translation systems and then by four human translators. All statistical analyses were applied using SPSS. The results indicated that Google translations were more accurate than the translations produced by the Bing Translator, especially in the domains of medicine (lexis: 186 vs. 225; semantic: 44 vs. 48; syntactic: 148 vs. 264 errors) and mass media (lexis: 118 vs. 149; semantic: 25 vs. 32; syntactic: 110 vs. 220 errors), respectively. Nonetheless, both machines are reasonably accurate in Persian-to-English translation of lexicons and syntactic structures, particularly from mass media and medical texts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20translations" title="machine translations">machine translations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title=" accuracy"> accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20translation" title=" human translation"> human translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168140/efficiency-of-google-translate-and-bing-translator-in-translating-persian-to-english-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Educational Equity in Online Art Education: The Reggio Emilia Approach in White Ant Atelier for Persian-Speaking Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Mohammadhosseini">Mahsa Mohammadhosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the effectiveness of adapting the Reggio Emilia approach to online art education, specifically through White Ant Atelier (W.A.A), a virtual art initiative for Persian-speaking children. Employing an action research framework, the study examines the implementation of Reggio Emilia principles via the "Home" art project, which spanned four months and included 16 sessions. The analysis covers 50 artworks produced by participants, including 17 pieces created collaboratively by mothers and their children. The results demonstrate that integrating the Reggio Emilia approach into online platforms significantly improves children's creative expression and engagement. This finding illustrates that virtual education when integrated with child-centered methodologies like Reggio Emilia, can effectively address and reduce educational inequities among Persian-speaking children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reggio%20Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20education" title=" online education"> online education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art%20education" title=" art education"> art education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20equity" title=" educational equity"> educational equity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192256/educational-equity-in-online-art-education-the-reggio-emilia-approach-in-white-ant-atelier-for-persian-speaking-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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