CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="af" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Koerant - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )afwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januarie","Februarie","Maart","April","Mei","Junie","Julie","Augustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"1d90c1a5-0823-439b-94ad-e214e890dbdf","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Koerant","wgTitle":"Koerant","wgCurRevisionId":2619263,"wgRevisionId":2619263,"wgArticleId":9946,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders","Artikels met GND-identifiseerders","Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders","Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders","Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders","Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders","Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders","Normdata met 7 elemente","Koerante"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"af","wgPageContentLanguage":"af","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Koerant","wgRelevantArticleId":9946,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"af","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"af"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q11032","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg/640px-A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Koerant - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerant"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Wysig" href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (af)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerant"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Koerant rootpage-Koerant skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofkieslys" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofkieslys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Koerant" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Koerant" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Koerant" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Koerant" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definisie_in_die_perswetenskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definisie_in_die_perswetenskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definisie in die perswetenskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definisie_in_die_perswetenskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Die_antieke_tydperk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_antieke_tydperk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Die antieke tydperk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_antieke_tydperk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_Middeleeue_en_vroeë_moderne_tydperk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Middeleeue_en_vroeë_moderne_tydperk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Die Middeleeue en vroeë moderne tydperk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Middeleeue_en_vroeë_moderne_tydperk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drukpers_en_verspreiding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drukpers_en_verspreiding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Drukpers en verspreiding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drukpers_en_verspreiding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_19de_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_19de_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Die 19de eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_19de_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_20ste_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_20ste_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Die 20ste eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_20ste_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_Afrikaanse_pers_in_Suid-Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Afrikaanse_pers_in_Suid-Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Die Afrikaanse pers in Suid-Afrika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Afrikaanse_pers_in_Suid-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Koerant</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 164 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-164" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">164 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitung" title="Zeitung – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zeitung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prensa_escrita" title="Prensa escrita – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Prensa escrita" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%93aweswyrt" title="Nēaweswyrt – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nēaweswyrt" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="अखबार – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अखबार" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9" title="صحيفة – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صحيفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A3%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%99%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܣܦܪܙܒܢܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܣܦܪܙܒܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جورنان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورنان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B3dicu" title="Periódicu – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Periódicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99zet" title="Qəzet – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qəzet" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A6%D8%AA%D9%87" title="قزئته – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قزئته" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гәзит – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гәзит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeidung" title="Zeidung – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zeidung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazieta" title="Gazieta – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gazieta" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газета – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Газета" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газэта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Газэта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Вестник – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вестник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="अखबार – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अखबार" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="সংবাদপত্র – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সংবাদপত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཚགས་པར། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཚགས་པར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazetenn" title="Kazetenn – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kazetenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novine" title="Novine – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Novine" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Һонин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Һонин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diari" title="Diari – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3%CC%A4-c%C4%81i" title="Bó̤-cāi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bó̤-cāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Газет – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Газет" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantalaan-balita" title="Mantalaan-balita – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mantalaan-balita" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95" title="ڕۆژنامە – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژنامە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta" title="Gazeta – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Gazeta" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noviny" title="Noviny – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Noviny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Хаçат – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хаçат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papur_newydd" title="Papur newydd – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Papur newydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avis" title="Avis – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Avis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitung" title="Zeitung – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zeitung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qezeta" title="Qezeta – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qezeta" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%86%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Εφημερίδα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εφημερίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Newspaper" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeto" title="Gazeto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gazeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B3dico" title="Periódico – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Periódico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajaleht" title="Ajaleht – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ajaleht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egunkari" title="Egunkari – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egunkari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="روزنامه – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روزنامه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanomalehti" title="Sanomalehti – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sanomalehti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%B3jlawema" title="Xójlawema – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Xójlawema" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal" title="Journal – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Journal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleer" title="Bleer – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bleer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krante" title="Krante – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Krante" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuacht%C3%A1n" title="Nuachtán – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nuachtán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%B1" title="報 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="報" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0ipear-naidheachd" title="Pàipear-naidheachd – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pàipear-naidheachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B3dico" title="Periódico – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Periódico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabyr-naight" title="Pabyr-naight – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pabyr-naight" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarida" title="Jarida – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jarida" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F" title="עיתון – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיתון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="समाचारपत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समाचारपत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhbaar" title="Akhbaar – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Akhbaar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novine" title="Novine – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Novine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ajs%C3%A1g" title="Újság – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Újság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A9" title="Թերթ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թերթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koran" title="Koran – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Koran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagbla%C3%B0" title="Dagblað – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dagblað" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giornale" title="Giornale – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giornale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="新聞 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="新聞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuuzpiepa" title="Nyuuzpiepa – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Nyuuzpiepa" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layang_kabar" title="Layang kabar – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Layang kabar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="გაზეთი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაზეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta" title="Gazeta – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gazeta" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatheti" title="Gatheti – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Gatheti" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Газет – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Газет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%8F" title="កាសែត – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាសែត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ವೃತ್ತಪತ್ರಿಕೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವೃತ್ತಪತ್ರಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8" title="신문 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신문" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Газет – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Газет" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اخبار – Kasjmirs" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اخبار" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmirs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rojname" title="Rojname – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rojname" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_nowodhow" title="Paper nowodhow – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Paper nowodhow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гезит – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гезит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarium" title="Diarium – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Diarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitung" title="Zeitung – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zeitung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gez%C3%A8t" title="Gezèt – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gezèt" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giornal" title="Giornal – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giornal" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulun%C3%A1" title="Zuluná – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zuluná" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A1" title="ໜັງສືພິມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໜັງສືພິມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laikra%C5%A1tis" title="Laikraštis – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laikraštis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laikraksts" title="Laikraksts – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Laikraksts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koran" title="Koran – Madurees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Koran" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazety" title="Gazety – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gazety" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surek_kaba" title="Surek kaba – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Surek kaba" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Весник – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Весник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ദിനപത്രം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദിനപത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Сонин – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сонин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="वृत्तपत्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वृत्तपत्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhbar" title="Akhbar – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Akhbar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornal" title="Jornal – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Jornal" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="သတင်းစာ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတင်းစာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87" title="روزنومه – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روزنومه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blatt_(Narichten)" title="Blatt (Narichten) – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Blatt (Narichten)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krante" title="Krante – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Krante" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="समाचारपत्र – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="समाचारपत्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C" title="बुखँपौ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बुखँपौ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krant" title="Krant – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Krant" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avis" title="Avis – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Avis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avis" title="Avis – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Avis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A2zette" title="Gâzette – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Gâzette" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premsa" title="Premsa – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Premsa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaziettu" title="Gaziettu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Gaziettu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Газет – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Газет" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਅਖ਼ਬਾਰ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਖ਼ਬਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyaryo" title="Dyaryo – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Dyaryo" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korant" title="Korant – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Korant" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiding" title="Zeiding – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Zeiding" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta" title="Gazeta – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gazeta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اخبار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اخبار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%81%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%87" title="ورځپاڼه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ورځپاڼه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornal" title="Jornal – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jornal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mit%27awa" title="Mit'awa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mit'awa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziar" title="Ziar – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ziar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazet%C3%A2" title="Gazetâ – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Gazetâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газета – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Газета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%8B)" title="Новины (папірёвы) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Новины (папірёвы)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वार्त्तापत्रम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वार्त्तापत्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0h%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Хаhыат – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хаhыат" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Newspaper" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اخبار – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اخبار" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviisa" title="Aviisa – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Aviisa" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novine" title="Novine – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Novine" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A" title="පුවත්පත් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පුවත්පත්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Newspaper" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noviny" title="Noviny – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Noviny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Casopis" title="Časopis – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Časopis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepanhau" title="Pepanhau – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Pepanhau" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta" title="Gazeta – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gazeta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Новине – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Новине" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koran" title="Koran – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Koran" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidning" title="Tidning – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tidning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeti" title="Gazeti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gazeti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cajt%C5%AFng" title="Cajtůng – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cajtůng" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D" title="நாளிதழ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாளிதழ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="వార్తాపత్రిక – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వార్తాపత్రిక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%AF%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Рӯзнома – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рӯзнома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%8C" title="หนังสือพิมพ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หนังสือพิมพ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazet" title="Gazet – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gazet" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahayagan" title="Pahayagan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pahayagan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazete" title="Gazete – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gazete" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газета – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Газета" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Солун – Tuvinees" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Солун" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газета – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Газета" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اخبار – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اخبار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta" title="Gazeta – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gazeta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testada_giorna%C5%82istica" title="Testada giornałistica – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Testada giornałistica" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1o_vi%E1%BA%BFt" title="Báo viết – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Báo viết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazette" title="Gazette – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gazette" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazete" title="Gazete – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gazete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryodiko" title="Peryodiko – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8" title="报纸 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="报纸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Газет – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Газет" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="გაზეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გაზეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="צייטונג – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צייטונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cw%C3%A9%C3%ACr%C3%B2y%C3%ACn" title="Ìwéìròyìn – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìwéìròyìn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauqceij" title="Bauqceij – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bauqceij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="報紙 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="報紙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-b%C3%BBn-ch%C3%B3a" title="Sin-bûn-chóa – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sin-bûn-chóa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="報紙 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="報紙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphephandaba" title="Iphephandaba – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Iphephandaba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11032#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Koerant" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Koerant" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Koerant"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Koerant"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Koerant" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Koerant" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&oldid=2619263" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Koerant&id=2619263&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKoerant"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKoerant"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Koerant"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Koerant&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Newspapers" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11032" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg/300px-A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg/450px-A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg/600px-A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>'n Stapel koerante.</figcaption></figure> <p>'n <b>Koerant</b> is 'n nuusblad wat daagliks of weekliks uitgegee word en oor gebeurtenisse in die <a href="/wiki/Politiek" title="Politiek">politiek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekonomie" title="Ekonomie">ekonomie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kultuur" title="Kultuur">kultuur</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sport</a> berig. Dikwels lewer dit sy eie kommentaar oor geselekteerde <a href="/wiki/Nuus" title="Nuus">nuus</a> en beskik ook oor 'n rubriek met briewe van lesers. Koerante is 'n geskikte medium om die openbare mening te mobiliseer en fungeer sodoende as 'n belangrike instrument vir die handhawing van meningsvryheid en die demokratiese beheer oor owerhede. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definisie_in_die_perswetenskap">Definisie in die perswetenskap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Definisie in die perswetenskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Definisie in die perswetenskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'n Publikasie moet aan 'n aantal kriteria voldoen om as 'n koerant gedefinieer te word:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Periodisiteit en aktualiteit</b>: 'n Koerant moet daagliks of ten minste weekliks uitgegee word en onlangse gebeure dek.</li> <li><b>Sirkulasie</b>: 'n Koerant moet meganies of andersins in groot getalle gekopieer en versprei word.</li> <li><b>Publisiteit</b>: 'n Koerant moet gemik wees op die breë publiek, dus publiek verskyn en vir almal wat belangstel beskikbaar wees.</li> <li><b>Inhoud (universaliteit van verslaggewing)</b>: 'n Koerant moet 'n verskeidenheid onderwerpe in sy artikels behandel.</li> <li><b>Neutraliteit</b>: Die koerant se uitgewer(s), redakteur(s) en verslaggewers moet neutraal wees ten opsigte van die nuus.</li> <li><b>Seleksie</b>: Met die oorvloed van nuusberigte wat deesdae beskikbaar is, word die verantwoordelike seleksie van die belangrikste nuus vandag ook as 'n belangrike kriterium vir 'n koerant beskou.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Afrikaanse woord <i>koerant</i> is afgelei van die <a href="/wiki/Franse_taal" class="mw-redirect" title="Franse taal">Franse</a> leenwoord <i>courant</i> wat in <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a> sedert <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a> gebruik is, blykbaar as 'n verkorting van die <a href="/wiki/16de_eeu" title="16de eeu">16de eeuse</a> Nederlandse term <i>courante nouvellen</i> ("lopende nuus"). In moderne Nederlands is hierdie term verder vereenvoudig tot <i>krant</i>, terwyl Afrikaans die oorspronklike vorm bewaar het. </p><p>Ander Germaanse tale soos <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a> (<i>Zeitung</i>) en <a href="/wiki/Sweeds" title="Sweeds">Sweeds</a> (<i>tidning</i>) bewaar in hul woorde vir "dagblad" 'n ander aspek wat in hierdie vorm omtrent rondom 1300 vir die eerste keer gebruik is – dié van 'n "berig oor iets wat in die tyd gebeur", afgelei byvoorbeeld van die Ou-Noorse <i>tidan</i> "in die tyd gebeur". In Nederlands en Afrikaans bestaan nog die woord <i>tijding</i> of tyding, wat dieselfde betekenis het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_antieke_tydperk">Die antieke tydperk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Die antieke tydperk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Die antieke tydperk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> staan bekend as die bakermat van die eerste koerante. Aanvanklik het die verantwoordelikheid vir openbare kennisgewings by die <i>pontifex maximus</i>, die Romeinse opperpriester, berus wat nuus op plate bekend gemaak het. Ook die <i>annales maximi</i>, 'n soort memorandum, is op plate uitgehang. Ander vroeë publikasies, wat gereeld verskyn het, sluit kronieke en kalenders in. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/59_v.C." title="59 v.C.">59 v.C.</a> het <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Gaius Julius Caesar</a> die eerste soort nuusblad in die lewe geroep, die <i>acta populi Romanae diurna</i> (of verkort <i>acta diurna</i>), wat tot 300 n.C. verskyn het. Die <i>acta</i> is in twee verskillende uitgawes uitgegee – as <i>acta senatus</i> met amptelike kennisgewings van die Romeinse Senaat en as <i>acta populi</i> waarin nuus oor die daaglikse gebeurtenisse in Rome gepubliseer is. Die laasgenoemde was veral vir die provinsies bestem. <i>Acta</i>, wat as besonder belangrik geag is, is in erts gegiet sodat hulle geargiveer kon word. Die gewone <i>acta populi</i> is op sogenaamde <i>charta</i> geskryf. <i>Charta</i> is van 'n stof of huid gemaak wat onderaan die <a href="/wiki/Papirus" title="Papirus">papirusbas</a> lê (Latyns: <i>liber</i>). </p><p>Keiser Augustus het die uitgawe van die <i>acta senatus</i> gestaak en hulle met die <i>acta populi</i> saamgesmelt. </p><p>Ondanks hulle naam, wat 'n daaglikse verskyning aandui, is die <i>acta diurna</i> ("daaglikse gebeurtenisse") gebruik om die nuus van 'n bepaalde tydperk in 'n tydelike rangorde op te lys. Die uitgawe van <i>acta diurna</i>, wat soms ook <i>acta urbis</i> ("stadskoerant") genoem is, is steeds deur die Romeinse owerheid beheer. Privaatnuusblaaie met kennisgewings oor familiêre of gemeenskapsnuus is slegs vir 'n kort tydperk amptelik toegelaat en onder die heerskappy van keiser Traianus uiteindelik weer verbied. Gewoonlik moes hul inhoud deur omroepers bekend gemaak word. Dikwels is ook briewe geskryf en sommer net gekopieer vir 'n groter aantal belangstellendes. </p><p>Die oplaag van die <i>acta</i> was taamlik klein, en geen enkele eksemplaar het bewaar gebly nie. Nietemin kan hulle inhoud deur talle aanhalings in ander bronne gerekonstrueer word. </p><p>Die <i>acta</i> het veral nuus oor aangeleenthede van die staat bevat, soos reise van Romeinse amptenare of kennisgewings van die keiserlike gesin, waaronder geboortes, sterfgevalle, begrafnisse, huwelike en onthale. Daarnaas is nuus oor opspraakwekkende gebeurtenisse soos oorstromings, droogtes en ander rampe gepubliseer. Gaandeweg is ook die kennisgewings van vooraanstaande Romeinse gesinne deur middel van <i>acta</i> gepubliseer. So is egskeidings van bekende persoonlikhede in die familienuus-rubriek bekend gemaak. </p><p>Kenmerkend was die sensuur wat deur die keiserlike redaksie uitgeoefen is. Alle familienuus en advertensies is noukeurig ondersoek voordat hulle vir publikasie vrygestel is. Dikwels het Romeinse heersers in spesifieke onderwerpe belang gestel of daarop aangedring dat 'n bepaalde saak openbaar gemaak moet word. In dié geval is die redaksie aangewys om 'n artikel daaroor te publiseer. </p><p>Met die verskuiwing van die keiserlike hof na <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a> is die uitgawe van <i>acta</i> gestaak. Hulle leef voort in die woordeskat van <a href="/wiki/Romaanse_tale" title="Romaanse tale">Romaanse tale</a>. So het die Romeinse woord <i>diurnalis</i> ("daagliks") bewaar gebly in die Franse term <i>journal</i> en die Italiaanse <i>giornale</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Middeleeue_en_vroeë_moderne_tydperk"><span id="Die_Middeleeue_en_vroe.C3.AB_moderne_tydperk"></span>Die Middeleeue en vroeë moderne tydperk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Middeleeue en vroeë moderne tydperk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Die Middeleeue en vroeë moderne tydperk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koopliede, bodes en <i>vagante</i> (skoliere, studente en werklose predikante wat as volkssangers dwarsoor die land gereis het) het in die <a href="/wiki/Middeleeue" title="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</a> as 'n soort "lewende koerante" gefungeer en nuus orals bekend gemaak. Hierdie lewende of mondelinge "koerantvoorlopers" is later vervang deur die eerste geskrewe nuusblaaie waarin amptelike, sake- en privaatbriewe gepubliseer is. </p><p>Die welvarende Europese stede het in die 13de en <a href="/wiki/14de_eeu" title="14de eeu">14de eeu</a> 'n behoefte aan politieke en handelsnuus gehad, en stadsrade het begin om <i>ordinari</i> (bodes of koeriers) vir die uitruiling van nuus te gebruik. Die belangrikste dryfkrag agter die stigting van gereelde nuusblaaie was die groot Europese handelshuise. Hul sogenaamde koopmansbriewe, wat vanaf die 14de eeu uitgegee is, het nuus oor politieke en handelsake bevat. In die Italiaanse hawestad <a href="/wiki/Venesi%C3%AB" title="Venesië">Venesië</a> het vanaf <a href="/wiki/1536" title="1536">1536</a> die eerste <i>gazette</i> verskyn. </p><p>Onder die belangrikste uitgewers was die koopmansgesin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fugger (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fugger</a> in die Duitse stad <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, wat tussen <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a> en <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a> die Fugger-koerant uitgegee het. Die Fuggers het reeds oor 'n soort nuusagentskap beskik wat nuus uit alle wêrelddele versamel, gekopieer en uitgegee het. Die bewerkers en uitgewers van hierdie nuus het destyds as <i>nouvellante</i> bekend gestaan. </p><p>Die Fuggers het '"Ordinari-" en "Ekstra-Ordinari"-koerante aan belangstellendes verskaf. Die belangrikste bronne vir nuus, wat in dié dagblaaie gepubliseer is, was boodskappe van medewerkers in buitelandse kantore asook bekende persoonlikhede. Die meeste nuusartikels is steeds in Duits gepubliseer, daarnaas is ook Italiaans en Latyn gebruik. Die nuus en koerante is vinnig dwarsoor die vasteland gestuur en versprei. Die koerante het geen berigte oor die kulturele of filosofiese lewe van die tyd bevat nie, maar het gedetailleerde artikels oor handel, politiek en gebeurtenisse by die keiserlike hof bevat. </p><p>Die volledige <a href="/wiki/Biblioteek" title="Biblioteek">biblioteek</a> van Fugger-koerante met meer as 40 000 enkele blaaie is in <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a> deur keiser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand III (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ferdinand III</a> aangekoop en in <a href="/wiki/Wene" title="Wene">Wene</a> georden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drukpers_en_verspreiding">Drukpers en verspreiding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Drukpers en verspreiding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Drukpers en verspreiding"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:NZZ_Erstausgabe_Titelseite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/NZZ_Erstausgabe_Titelseite.jpg/250px-NZZ_Erstausgabe_Titelseite.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/NZZ_Erstausgabe_Titelseite.jpg/375px-NZZ_Erstausgabe_Titelseite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/NZZ_Erstausgabe_Titelseite.jpg/500px-NZZ_Erstausgabe_Titelseite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>Die titelbladsy van die eerste uitgawe van die Switserse Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ, 12 Januarie 1780)</figcaption></figure> <p>Met die uitvinding van die boekdrukkuns teen die einde van die <a href="/wiki/15de_eeu" title="15de eeu">15de eeu</a> is die tegniese basis geskep om koerante in groot oplaagsyfers te druk en te versprei. Aanvanklik is nuusblaaie met net een enkele bladsy gedruk, wat van tyd tot tyd verslag gee van oorlogsdade, wonderlike gebeurtenisse en ander onderwerpe. Die oudste nuusblad van hierdie soort dateer uit die jaar <a href="/wiki/1482" title="1482">1482</a>. Die verhale van ontdekkingsreisigers het die aanleiding tot die uitgawe van ontdekkerskoerante gegee, waaronder die Kolumbusbrief van <a href="/wiki/1493" title="1493">1493</a> as oudste voorbeeld. Die <a href="/wiki/Protestantse_Hervorming" title="Protestantse Hervorming">Protestantse Hervorming</a> het in die <a href="/wiki/16de_eeu" title="16de eeu">16de eeu</a> tot die grootskaalse uitgawe van gedrukte pamflette gelei wat deur die Duitse kerkhervormer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> en ander as gewilde media vir godsdienstige propagandaveldtogte ingespan is. </p><p>Die sogenaamde <i>historische Relationen</i>, wat in Duitsland vanaf <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a> verskyn het, is in die vorm van kronieke uitgegee, maar het as eerste moderne publikasies gereeld op 'n halfjaarlikse basis in groot stede soos <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a> en <a href="/wiki/Keulen" title="Keulen">Keulen</a> verskyn. Die <i>Relation</i> van Augsburg is vanaf <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a> maandeliks uitgegee. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Aviso_Nr.1_Januar_1609.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Aviso_Nr.1_Januar_1609.jpg/250px-Aviso_Nr.1_Januar_1609.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Aviso_Nr.1_Januar_1609.jpg/375px-Aviso_Nr.1_Januar_1609.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Aviso_Nr.1_Januar_1609.jpg/500px-Aviso_Nr.1_Januar_1609.jpg 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>Die eerste uitgawe van die <i>Aviso</i> (Januarie 1609), een van die oudste Duitse koerante</figcaption></figure> <p>In die somer van <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a> het die <a href="/wiki/Straatsburg" title="Straatsburg">Straatsburgse</a> drukker en boekhandelaar Johann Carolus begin om weekliks gedrukte uitgawes van sy tot dusver handgeskrewe nuusversamelings uit te gee. Sy nuusblad, wat onder die titel <i>Relation aller fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien</i> verskyn het, word in die perswetenskap as die eerste gedrukte koerant ter wêreld beskou.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die eerste daaglikse nuusblad is in <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, Duitsland uitgegee. </p><p>Die koerant as periodieke medium het vinnig nie net vir nuusberigte nie, maar ook vir politieke en wetenskaplike besprekings gewild geraak. </p><p>Die Franse nuusblad <i>La Gazette</i>, wat vir die eerste keer in <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a> deur die geneeskundige Renandot uitgegee is, word as die vroegste politieke koerant beskou. In <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a> het die eerste wetenskaplike nuusblad verskyn, die <i>Journal des Savants</i>, wat deur die <a href="/wiki/Parys" title="Parys">Parysenaar</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denis_Sallo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denis Sallo (bladsy bestaan nie)">Denis Sallo</a> gestig is. </p><p>Boekdrukkers en die posmeesters het op die koerantmarkte as strawwe mededingers opgetree; tradisioneel dra baie koerante nog name wat die woord "Post" bevat. 'n Ander term, wat soms in verband met koerante uit die 17de eeu gebruik word, is "intelligensie", wat destyds sinoniem met "kennis" of "bekendstelling" gebruik is. Die sogenaamde "intelligensieblaaie" het oorwegend sakenuus of advertensies met ware wat te koop of te ruil was bevat. Intelligensieblaaie is in <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a> vir die eerste keer in <a href="/wiki/Parys" title="Parys">Parys</a> uitgegee, ses jaar later het die eerste <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londense</a> intelligensieblad verskyn. Dikwels was sakemanne, besitters van kroeë, maar ook Joodse burgers, wat enige soort handel gedryf het, en ander spesifieke beroepsgroepe verplig om op die intelligensieblaaie in te teken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_19de_eeu">Die 19de eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Die 19de eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Die 19de eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voor die <a href="/wiki/Franse_Rewolusie" title="Franse Rewolusie">Franse Rewolusie</a> van <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a> het die strenge sensuurmaatreëls en die gebrek aan demokratiese burgerregte die sukses van die perswese as die spreekbuis van die openbare mening gekeer. Eers met die begin van die liberale en demokratiese bewegings, tegniese vooruitgang in die drukkerynywerheid en die uitvinding van goedkoper papierverwerkingsmetodes was die tyd ryp om van die koerant 'n werklike massamedium te maak. Die vervoer- en inligtingsbedryf het met die nuwe spoorwegverbindings en die telegraaf die vinnige verspreiding van nuus moontlik gemaak. Kommersiële nuusagentskappe soos Havas, Reuter en Wolff het nuusberigte goedkoop ter beskikking gestel. </p><p>Veral die perswese in Frankryk, die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde State">Verenigde State</a> is deur invloedryke persmagnate soos William Randolph Hearst (1863–1951), William Lord Beaverbrook (1879–1964) en Harold Harmsworth, lord Rothermere (1868–1940), en hul trusts oorheers, wat ook vinnig die markkrag van die sogenaamde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poniekoerant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poniekoerant (bladsy bestaan nie)">poniekoerante</a> ontdek het. Die Duitse perslandskap is daarenteen gekenmerk deur 'n groot aantal klein streekkoerante wat ondanks die groei van nasionale dagblaaie lewensvatbaar gebly het. </p><p>Die stigting van die dagblad <i>Daily Mail</i> deur die Britse joernalis Alfred Harmsworth in 1896 was 'n mylpaal vir die moderne perswese. Tradisionele koerante het met hul verhewe taalstyl ook in die laat 19de eeu meestal nog anspraak daarop gemaak om media vir 'n klein behoudende en goed opgeleide leserskap te wees. Die <i>Daily Mail</i> het daaglikse nuus met groot opskrifte, korter artikels, 'n nuwe sensasiestyl en baie illustrasies en foto's vir 'n breë publiek toeganklik en aantreklik gemaak. 'n Uitgebreide sportafdeling, aangrypende stories, skinder- en kletsstories, modenuus, pryskompetisies, blokraaisels en geïllustreerde advertensies was welkome vermaak. </p><p>In vergelyking met moderne poniekoerante was die <i>Daily Mail</i> nog 'n respektabele dagblad wat nuusberigte oor die privaat lewe van persoonlikhede respekvol gehanteer het en ook groot aandag aan die kulturele lewe geskenk het. In elk geval het die dagblad groot aanklank by die publiek gevind, en dit was die eerste koerant ter wêreld wat met sy daaglikse oplaag die eenmiljoenkerf kon verbysteek.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die inkomste uit advertensies het van Harmsworth 'n welvarende man gemaak. </p><p>In 1903 het Harmsworth die eerste dagblad van stapel gestuur wat uitsluitlik met foto's geïllustreer is, <i>The Daily Mirror</i>. Dit was oorspronklik veral op vroulike lesers gemik, maar was as sulks allesbehalwe suksesvol. Later is die koerant se konsep gewysig, en <i>The Daily Mirror</i> is as 'n algemene dagblad uitgegee. In 1908 het Harmsworth die meerderheid van <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> se aandele oorgeneem nadat dié dagblad in ernstige finansiële moeilikhede beland het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_20ste_eeu">Die 20ste eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Die 20ste eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Die 20ste eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die ultrakonserwatiewe persmagnaat <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hugenberg" title="Alfred Hugenberg">Alfred Hugenberg</a> (1865–1951) het vanaf die twintigerjare 'n leidende rol by die vestiging van anti-semitiese en ver-regse politieke opvattings gespeel. Uiteindelik het hy 'n wegbereider vir <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> geword. Meer onlangse uitgewers, wat vanweë hul groot invloed omstrede geraak het, was die Duitse uitgewer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Springer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axel Springer (bladsy bestaan nie)">Axel Springer</a> (1912–1985), wat met sy konserwatiewe koerante 'n invloedryke teenstander van die studentebeweging in die jare sestig geword het, en later die miljoenêr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupert_Murdoch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupert Murdoch (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rupert Murdoch</a> (* 1931), wat vanuit Australië 'n wêreldwye uitgewersryk opgerig het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_Afrikaanse_pers_in_Suid-Afrika">Die Afrikaanse pers in Suid-Afrika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Afrikaanse pers in Suid-Afrika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Die Afrikaanse pers in Suid-Afrika"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Eerste_Transvaler_Dagblad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/e/eb/Eerste_Transvaler_Dagblad.jpg/230px-Eerste_Transvaler_Dagblad.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/e/eb/Eerste_Transvaler_Dagblad.jpg/345px-Eerste_Transvaler_Dagblad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/e/eb/Eerste_Transvaler_Dagblad.jpg/460px-Eerste_Transvaler_Dagblad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1518" data-file-height="2001" /></a><figcaption>Voorblad van die eerste <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Transvaler" title="Die Transvaler">Die Transvaler</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1_Oktober" title="1 Oktober">1 Oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die persvryheid in <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> is met 'n ordonnansie van die Kaapse koloniale regering ingevoer wat op <a href="/wiki/30_April" title="30 April">30 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1829" title="1829">1829</a> geproklameer is en die publikasie van enige nuusblad toegestaan het, alhoewel bepaalde regulasies en die "lasterwette" van die tyd nog nagekom moes word. </p><p>Die eerste Afrikaanse nuusblad, wat deur die <a href="/wiki/Genootskap_van_Regte_Afrikaners" title="Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners">Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners</a> uitgegee is, was die Afrikaanse Patriot, wat as <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Afrikaanse_Patriot" title="Die Afrikaanse Patriot">Di Patriot</a></i> vanaf <a href="/wiki/15_Januarie" title="15 Januarie">15 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Paarl" title="Paarl">Paarl</a> verskyn het. Dit is later opgevolg deur die <i>Paarl Post</i>. </p><p>Ná <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> het die meeste Afrikaanse koerante meer of minder kritiese ondersteuning aan die bewind van die <a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Party" title="Nasionale Party">Nasionale Party</a> verleen, terwyl die Engelse pers, met die uitsondering van <i><a href="/wiki/The_Citizen" title="The Citizen">The Citizen</a></i>, as spreekbuis van blanke liberale opposisiepartye opgetree het. Met die algemene verkiesing van <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> het die Afrikaanse perslandskap begin verander. Koerante soos <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Transvaler" title="Die Transvaler">Die Transvaler</a></i> (Johannesburg) en <i><a href="/wiki/Oosterlig" title="Oosterlig">Oosterlig</a></i> (Port Elizabeth), wat opgeneem is in 'n <a href="/wiki/Oos-Kaap" title="Oos-Kaap">Oos-Kaapse</a> uitgawe van <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Burger" title="Die Burger">Die Burger</a></i>, is intussen gestaak, terwyl die huidige groot Afrikaanse dagblaaie <i><a href="/wiki/Beeld" title="Beeld">Beeld</a></i> (Johannesburg), <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Burger" title="Die Burger">Die Burger</a></i> (Kaapstad) en die <i><a href="/wiki/Volksblad" title="Volksblad">Volksblad</a></i> (Bloemfontein) as moderne mediums en spreekbuise van die Afrikaanse gemeenskappe deel van die demokratiese samelewing geword het. </p><p>Die Afrikaanse perslandskap word aangevul deur die Sondagkoerant <i><a href="/wiki/Rapport" title="Rapport">Rapport</a></i> met 'n sirkulasie van 156 383 (vierde kwartaal 2014) en <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Son" title="Die Son">Die Son</a></i>, die eerste Afrikaanse poniekoerant, met 'n sirkulasie van 81 458 (vierde kwartaal 2014). </p><p>Die Afrikaanse gemeenskapsperswese is besonder lewenskragtig, hoewel dit in 'n groot mate deur groot mediagroepe oorheers word, wat in die meeste gebiede tot 'n monopolie gelei het. In die <a href="/wiki/Wes-Kaap" title="Wes-Kaap">Wes-Kaap</a>, byvoorbeeld, oorheers die <a href="/wiki/Naspers" title="Naspers">Naspers</a>-filiaal <a href="/wiki/Media24" title="Media24">Media24</a> se Boland-koerante die markte in die <a href="/wiki/Helderberg" title="Helderberg">Helderberg</a> met <i>Distrikspos</i>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester" title="Worcester">Worcester</a> met <i>Standard</i>, <a href="/wiki/Drakenstein" title="Drakenstein">Drakenstein</a> met <i><a href="/wiki/Paarl_Post" title="Paarl Post">Paarl Post</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Stellenbosch" title="Stellenbosch">Stellenbosch</a> met <i>Eikestadnuus</i> en <a href="/wiki/Hermanus" title="Hermanus">Hermanus</a> met <i>Hermanus Times</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Sien <i><b><a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/koerant" class="extiw" title="wikt:koerant">koerant</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, die vrye woordeboek.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse_koerante" title="Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse koerante">Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse koerante</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wirtschaftslexikon.gabler.de/Definition/zeitung.html"><i>Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon: Definition Zeitung. Besoek op 11 Julie 2017</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417195622/https://www.wasistwas.de/archiv-sport-kultur-details/400-jahre-zeitung.html">"<i>www.wasistwas.de: 400 Jahre Zeitung. Besoek op 11 Julie 2017</i>"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wasistwas.de/archiv-sport-kultur-details/400-jahre-zeitung.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 17 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">11 Julie</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.wasistwas.de%3A+400+Jahre+Zeitung.+Besoek+op+11+Julie+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wasistwas.de%2Farchiv-sport-kultur-details%2F400-jahre-zeitung.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKoerant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080617101912/http://journalistik-journal.lookingintomedia.com/?p=29">"Johannes Weber: <i>Wie 1605 in Straßburg die moderne Zeitung entstand</i>. In: <i>Journalistik Journal</i>, 15 April 2005. Besoek op 11 Julie 2017"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journalistik-journal.lookingintomedia.com/?p=29">die oorspronklike</a> op 17 Junie 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">11 Julie</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johannes+Weber%3A+Wie+1605+in+Stra%C3%9Fburg+die+moderne+Zeitung+entstand.+In%3A+Journalistik+Journal%2C+15+April+2005.+Besoek+op+11+Julie+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournalistik-journal.lookingintomedia.com%2F%3Fp%3D29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AKoerant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Antony Mason: <i>Welt im Umbruch – 1900–1914</i>. Stuttgart, Zürich en Wene: Verlag Das Beste 1999, bl. 29</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerant&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marklives.com/2015/02/abc-analysis-q4-2014-biggest-circulating-newspapers-south-africa/#.VQftEOFB_fg">'n Ontleding van koerantsirkulasie vir die vierde kwartaal van 2014</a>. URL besoek op 17 Maart 2015.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119406699">cb119406699</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119406699">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4067510-5">4067510-5</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh99001641">sh99001641</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000068153&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000068153</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10642998">10642998</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571004">00571004</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115463&CON_LNG=ENG">ph115463</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koerant&oldid=2619263">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koerant&oldid=2619263</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Koerante" title="Kategorie:Koerante">Koerante</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_GND-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met GND-identifiseerders">Artikels met GND-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LCCN-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders">Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LNB-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders">Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NARA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NDL-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders">Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NKC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders">Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Normdata_met_7_elemente" title="Kategorie:Normdata met 7 elemente">Normdata met 7 elemente</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 7 Oktober 2023 om 19:12 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. Aanvullende voorwaardes kan moontlik ook van toepassing wees. Sien die <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Algemene Voorwaardes</a> vir meer inligting.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privaatheidsbeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oor">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorwaardes">Vrywaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragskode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/af.wikipedia.org">Statistieke</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Koekieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koerant&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Selfoonweergawe</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-847495b4dd-mpg4z","wgBackendResponseTime":224,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.173","walltime":"0.247","ppvisitednodes":{"value":411,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":11185,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":107,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":9031,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 186.743 1 -total"," 44.50% 83.102 1 Sjabloon:Verwysings"," 41.17% 76.887 2 Sjabloon:Cite_web"," 36.42% 68.017 1 Sjabloon:Normdata"," 15.52% 28.984 1 Sjabloon:Wikt"," 13.43% 25.076 1 Sjabloon:Susterprojek"," 11.23% 20.980 1 Sjabloon:Sykas"," 3.37% 6.289 1 Sjabloon:En"," 1.60% 2.980 1 Sjabloon:Taalaanduiding"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.094","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3250218,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7c479b968-z2zzk","timestamp":"20241115180549","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Koerant","url":"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Koerant","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11032","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11032","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-08-20T14:17:16Z","dateModified":"2023-10-07T19:12:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/10\/A_stack_of_newspapers.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>