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anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Descrizione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descrizione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Descrizione</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Descrizione</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Altezza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altezza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Altezza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altezza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volume_e_pressione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volume_e_pressione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Volume e pressione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volume_e_pressione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timbro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timbro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Timbro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timbro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Localizzazione_uditiva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Localizzazione_uditiva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Localizzazione uditiva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Localizzazione_uditiva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suoni_e_rumori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suoni_e_rumori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Suoni e rumori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suoni_e_rumori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Suono</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 150 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">150 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klank" title="Klank - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klank" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schall" title="Schall - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schall" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%9D%E1%8C%BD" title="ድምጽ - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ድምጽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soniu" title="Soniu - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Soniu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C4%93g" title="Swēg - inglese antico" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Swēg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglese antico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA" title="صوت - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%A0%DC%90_(%DC%A8%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܩܠܐ (ܨܘܬܐ) - aramaico" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܠܐ (ܨܘܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA" title="صوت - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="صوت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA" title="صوت - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صوت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="শব্দ - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শব্দ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son%C3%ADu" title="Soníu - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Soníu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99s" title="Səs - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B3" title="سس - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Тауыш - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тауыш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoi" title="Schoi - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schoi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garsos" title="Garsos - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Garsos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanog" title="Tanog - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tanog" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Гук - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Гук - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="শব্দ - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শব্দ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B" title="སྒྲ་ - tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྒྲ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zvuk" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Абяан - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Абяан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/So" title="So - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="So" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دەنگ - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەنگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zvuk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%C4%83" title="Сасă - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сасă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sain_(ffiseg)" title="Sain (ffiseg) - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sain (ffiseg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyd" title="Lyd - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lyd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schall" title="Schall - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veng" title="Veng - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Veng" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%89%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ήχος - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ήχος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound" title="Sound - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sound" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sono" title="Sono - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonido" title="Sonido - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sonido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heli" title="Heli - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Heli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soinu" title="Soinu - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Soinu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="صدا - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صدا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84%C3%A4ni" title="Ääni - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ääni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hel%C3%BC" title="Helü - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Helü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rorogo" title="Rorogo - figiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Rorogo" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_(physique)" title="Son (physique) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Son (physique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel%C3%BC%C3%BCt" title="Gelüüt - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gelüüt" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BBd" title="Lûd - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lûd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuaim" title="Fuaim - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fuaim" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E6%B0%A3" title="聲氣 - gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="聲氣" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_(fyzik)" title="Son (fyzik) - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Son (fyzik)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu" title="Pu - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avaz" title="Avaz - Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Avaz" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauti" title="Sauti - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sauti" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2ng-y%C3%AEm" title="Sâng-yîm - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sâng-yîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C" title="קול - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="ध्वनि - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ध्वनि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awaaj" title="Awaaj - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Awaaj" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zvuk" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_(fizik)" title="Son (fizik) - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Son (fizik)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang" title="Hang - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Ձայն - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձայն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Ձայն - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ձայն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sono" title="Sono - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sono" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunyi" title="Bunyi - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bunyi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni" title="Uni - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Uni" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sono" title="Sono - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Hljóð - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hljóð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3" title="音 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song" title="Song - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Song" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sance" title="sance - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sance" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni" title="Uni - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Uni" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ბგერა - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბგერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1khwom" title="A̱khwom - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱khwom" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Дыбыс - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дыбыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6" title="ಶಬ್ದ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶಬ್ದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A6%AC" title="소리 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng" title="Deng - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Deng" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonus_(physica)" title="Sonus (physica) - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sonus (physica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geluid" title="Geluid - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Geluid" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garsas" title="Garsas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Garsas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska%C5%86a" title="Skaņa - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skaņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Вайгялькс - moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Вайгялькс" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feo_(fizika)" title="Feo (fizika) - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Feo (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunyi" title="Bunyi - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bunyi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ശബ്ദം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശബ്ദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%83" title="Дуу - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дуу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C_(%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80)" title="आवाज (ध्वनी) - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आवाज (ध्वनी)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunyi" title="Bunyi - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bunyi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonido" title="Sonido - mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sonido" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6" title="အသံ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အသံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Эне - erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эне" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="ध्वनि - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ध्वनि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%83" title="सः - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geluid" title="Geluid - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geluid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyd" title="Lyd - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lyd" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyd" title="Lyd - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lyd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagalee" title="Sagalee - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sagalee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6_(%E0%AC%A7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF)" title="ଶବ୍ଦ (ଧ୍ୱନି) - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଶବ୍ଦ (ଧ୍ୱନି)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਧੁਨੀ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧੁਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BAwi%C4%99k" title="Dźwięk - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dźwięk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="آواز - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آواز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%DA%96" title="غږ - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غږ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som" title="Som - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Som" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruqyay" title="Ruqyay - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruqyay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunet" title="Sunet - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sunet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук - Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83" title="शब्दः - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शब्दः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%95%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дорҕоон - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дорҕоон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%AE" title="ᱥᱟᱰᱮ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱰᱮ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soond" title="Soond - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Soond" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="آواز - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آواز" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zvuk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="ශබ්දය - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශබ්දය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound" title="Sound - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sound" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zvuk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvok" title="Zvok - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zvok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingulli" title="Tingulli - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tingulli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sora" title="Sora - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sora" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljud" title="Ljud - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ljud" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauti" title="Sauti - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sauti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klang" title="Klang - slesiano" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Klang" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="ஒலி - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="ధ్వని - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ధ్వని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="เสียง - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunog" title="Tunog - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tunog" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ses" title="Ses - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ses" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpfumawulo" title="Mpfumawulo - tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Mpfumawulo" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongo" title="Chongo - tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chongo" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD_(%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Үн (Физика) - tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Үн (Физика)" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="آواز - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آواز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tovush" title="Tovush - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tovush" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3n" title="Són - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Són" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulund" title="Kulund - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kulund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82m_thanh" title="Âm thanh - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Âm thanh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingog" title="Tingog - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tingog" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3" title="声音 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="声音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92" title="קלאנג - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קלאנג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geluud" title="Geluud - zelandese" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Geluud" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3" title="声音 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="声音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sia%E2%81%BF-im" title="Siaⁿ-im - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siaⁿ-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B2" title="聲 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umsindo" title="Umsindo - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umsindo" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – "Sonorità" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando la sonorità in fonologia, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Grado_di_articolazione" title="Grado di articolazione">Grado di articolazione</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130658281" /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando l'album di Eugenio Finardi, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Suono_(album)" title="Suono (album)">Suono (album)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horn_loudspeaker_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Horn_loudspeaker_animation.gif/220px-Horn_loudspeaker_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Horn_loudspeaker_animation.gif/330px-Horn_loudspeaker_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Horn_loudspeaker_animation.gif/440px-Horn_loudspeaker_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>Suono dell'altoparlante</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r143905815">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola">«Il suono c'è quando c'è» </div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Piana" title="Giovanni Piana">Giovanni Piana</a>, <i>Filosofia della musica</i>)</p></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="61" data-mwtitle="Sound_of_light_rainfall.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Sound_of_light_rainfall.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Sound_of_light_rainfall.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/Sound_of_light_rainfall.ogg/Sound_of_light_rainfall.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Suoni di un temporale</figcaption></figure> <p>Col termine <b>suono</b> (dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latino</a> <i>sonus</i> )<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> s'intende tutta la porzione dello <a href="/wiki/Spettro_acustico" title="Spettro acustico">spettro acustico</a> (le <a href="/wiki/Frequenza" title="Frequenza">frequenze</a> di <a href="/wiki/Oscillazione" title="Oscillazione">oscillazione</a>) <a href="/wiki/Sistema_uditivo" title="Sistema uditivo">udibile</a> dal <a href="/wiki/Orecchio" title="Orecchio">orecchio umano</a>, ed è principalmente legato alla <a href="/wiki/Acustica" title="Acustica">propagazione</a> delle <a href="/wiki/Onda_sonora" title="Onda sonora">onde sonore</a> nell'<a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">aria</a> (o nell'<a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a>, quando siamo <a href="/wiki/Immersione_subacquea" title="Immersione subacquea">immersi</a>). Ogni <b>suono</b> è caratterizzato da una <a href="/wiki/Altezza_(acustica)" title="Altezza (acustica)">altezza fondamentale</a> (quantità di <a href="/wiki/Vibrazione" title="Vibrazione">vibrazioni</a> al <a href="/wiki/Secondo" title="Secondo">secondo</a>) e da una <a href="/wiki/Intensit%C3%A0_acustica" title="Intensità acustica">intensità acustica</a>, anche se in molti casi (come i <a href="/wiki/Rumore_bianco" title="Rumore bianco">rumori</a> o gli insiemi di suoni), l'altezza non è o potrebbe non essere valutabile. lo spettro udibile dei suoni, comprende le frequenze da 16 a 20 000 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a>, e la <a href="/wiki/Velocit%C3%A0_del_suono" title="Velocità del suono">velocità</a> di propagazione delle onde nell'aria, è comunemente indicata come 340 <a href="/wiki/Metro_al_secondo" title="Metro al secondo">m/s</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'intensità dei suoni è legata alla <a href="/wiki/Sensibilit%C3%A0_(fisiologia)" title="Sensibilità (fisiologia)">sensibilità</a> del orecchio, compresa tra il valore minimo di <a href="/wiki/Soglia_percettiva" title="Soglia percettiva">soglia</a> e il valore della pressione massima accettabile, corrispondente al <a href="/wiki/Dolore" title="Dolore">dolore</a> e poi al danno perenne del <a href="/wiki/Timpano_(anatomia)" title="Timpano (anatomia)">timpano</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_(7_July_1999).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg/220px-FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg/330px-FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg/440px-FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Superamento della <a href="/wiki/Muro_del_suono" title="Muro del suono">barriera del suono</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre">atmosfera</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Il <b>suono</b> crea una "sensazione uditiva"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> correlata alla natura delle vibrazioni delle particelle del mezzo di trasmissione, come una successione di micro <a href="/wiki/Compressione_(fisica)" title="Compressione (fisica)">compressioni ed espansioni</a> tra le sue <a href="/wiki/Molecola" title="Molecola">molecole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pressione_acustica" title="Pressione acustica">pressione sonora</a>), che lo fa giungere al nostro apparato uditivo, dalla <a href="/wiki/Sorgente_acustica" title="Sorgente acustica">sorgente sonora</a>. </p><p>Il <b>suono</b> non viene trasmesso nel <a href="/wiki/Vuoto_(fisica)" title="Vuoto (fisica)">vuoto</a>: nello <a href="/wiki/Spazio_(astronomia)" title="Spazio (astronomia)">spazio</a>, in assenza di aria o altro mezzo fluido/gassoso, il suono non è percepibile in quanto non riesce ad essere trasmesso. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spherical_pressure_waves.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spherical_pressure_waves.gif/250px-Spherical_pressure_waves.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spherical_pressure_waves.gif/330px-Spherical_pressure_waves.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spherical_pressure_waves.gif/500px-Spherical_pressure_waves.gif 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Onda sonora sferica</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif/220px-Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption>Onda sonora piana</figcaption></figure> <p>Le oscillazioni sono spostamenti delle particelle intorno alla posizione di riposo e lungo la direzione di propagazione dell'<a href="/wiki/Onda_(fisica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Onda (fisica)">onda</a>; gli spostamenti sono provocati da movimenti vibratori, provenienti da un determinato oggetto, chiamato sorgente del suono, il quale trasmette il proprio movimento alle particelle adiacenti grazie alle proprietà meccaniche del mezzo; le particelle a loro volta, iniziando ad oscillare, trasmettono il movimento alle altre particelle vicine e queste a loro volta ad altre ancora, provocando una variazione locale della pressione; in questo modo, un semplice movimento vibratorio si propaga meccanicamente originando un'onda sonora (o onda acustica), che è pertanto <a href="/wiki/Onda_longitudinale" title="Onda longitudinale">onda longitudinale</a>. Si ha un'onda longitudinale quando le particelle del mezzo in cui si propaga l'onda, oscillano lungo la direzione di propagazione. Le onde meccaniche longitudinali sono anche denominate <a href="/wiki/Onde_di_pressione" class="mw-redirect" title="Onde di pressione">onde di pressione</a>. Il suono è un'onda che gode delle seguenti proprietà: <a href="/wiki/Riflessione_(fisica)" title="Riflessione (fisica)">riflessione</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rifrazione" title="Rifrazione">rifrazione</a> e <a href="/wiki/Diffrazione" title="Diffrazione">diffrazione</a>, ma non della <a href="/wiki/Polarizzazione_della_radiazione_elettromagnetica" title="Polarizzazione della radiazione elettromagnetica">polarizzazione</a> (a differenza della <a href="/wiki/Luce" title="Luce">luce</a> che è un'<a href="/wiki/Onda_elettromagnetica" class="mw-redirect" title="Onda elettromagnetica">onda elettromagnetica</a>). Un'<a href="/wiki/Onda_trasversale" title="Onda trasversale">onda</a> ha la frequenza e lunghezza d'onda che possono essere messe in relazione con la formula: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y(x,t)=y_{0}\sin {\Bigg (}\omega \left(t-{\frac {x}{c}}\right){\Bigg )}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em">(</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y(x,t)=y_{0}\sin {\Bigg (}\omega \left(t-{\frac {x}{c}}\right){\Bigg )}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0cca5dbc45ab709b31c3eebd2b6aad0674c6fa16" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:29.612ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y(x,t)=y_{0}\sin {\Bigg (}\omega \left(t-{\frac {x}{c}}\right){\Bigg )}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>dove: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}" /></span> è lo spostamento di un punto seguendo l'onda sonora;</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" /></span> è la distanza dalla sorgente dell'onda del punto considerato;</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" /></span> è il tempo trascorso;</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6d943dbbb0b56ca750c4d62c5b54b4ae29a773da" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.193ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y_{0}}" /></span> è l'<a href="/wiki/Ampiezza" title="Ampiezza">ampiezza</a> delle oscillazioni,</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}" /></span> è la velocità dell'onda;</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48eff443f9de7a985bb94ca3bde20813ea737be8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega }" /></span> è la pulsazione<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dell'onda.</li></ul> <p>La quantità <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {x}{c}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {x}{c}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/216c6c60c372162b1a14cf9109faf0c6e8f3e4f4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:2.166ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {x}{c}}}" /></span> è il tempo necessario all'onda per percorrere la distanza <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" /></span>. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Frequenza" title="Frequenza">frequenza</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" /></span>, in <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a>, dell'onda è data da: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd2f3b31c4ca5791144e770032f16cb1ad2ebdcf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:8.354ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}.}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Per le onde sonore, l'ampiezza dell'onda è la differenza tra la pressione del mezzo non perturbato e la pressione massima causata dall'onda. </p><p>La velocità di propagazione delle onde sonore dipende dalla temperatura e pressione del mezzo attraverso il quale si propagano. </p><p>Come tutte le <a href="/wiki/Onda_(fisica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Onda (fisica)">onde</a>, anche quelle <a href="/wiki/Onda_sonora" title="Onda sonora">sonore</a> sono caratterizzate da una <a href="/wiki/Frequenza" title="Frequenza">frequenza</a> (che nel caso del suono è in diretta, ma non esclusiva, relazione con la percezione dell'<a href="/wiki/Altezza_(suono)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altezza (suono)">altezza</a>) e un'<a href="/wiki/Intensit%C3%A0_acustica" title="Intensità acustica">intensità</a> (che è in diretta, ma non esclusiva, relazione con il cosiddetto "volume" del suono). Inoltre, caratteristica saliente delle onde sonore è la forma d'onda stessa, che rende in gran parte ragione delle differenze cosiddette di <a href="/wiki/Timbro_(musica)" title="Timbro (musica)">timbro</a> che si percepiscono tra suoni di tipo diverso. </p><p>Il campo uditivo dell'uomo si estende da una frequenza di circa <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 20\,\mathrm {Hz} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>20</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 20\,\mathrm {Hz} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34b982e2e0b9f3d8e39a3523484179ccabd13da6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.488ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 20\,\mathrm {Hz} }" /></span> fino a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 20000\,\mathrm {Hz} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>20000</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 20000\,\mathrm {Hz} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/99c4cd425cf2a1c33072c73e10876f5c7309d72d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.975ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 20000\,\mathrm {Hz} }" /></span> (ossia <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 20\,k\mathrm {Hz} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>20</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 20\,k\mathrm {Hz} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/332fcc79eb03d8377d47bf6fbc71d1979fecfa0c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.699ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 20\,k\mathrm {Hz} }" /></span>). La lunghezza d'onda rappresenta lo spazio percorso dall'onda sonora in un periodo completo di oscillazione. Le relazioni tra periodo <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" /></span> (tempo necessario perché si compia un'oscillazione completa), frequenza <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" /></span>, e lunghezza d'onda <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/103168b86f781fe6e9a4a87b8ea1cebe0ad4ede8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L}" /></span> sono date da: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f={\frac {c}{L}}\,\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>c</mi> <mi>L</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f={\frac {c}{L}}\,\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a1e2467e9f3c5c7171bd2ec084000a4f2cfb6810" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.57ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f={\frac {c}{L}}\,\,}" /></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \,\,f={\frac {1}{T}}\,\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \,\,f={\frac {1}{T}}\,\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6f4a13a8051438849b24afcd740949406ca2f57d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:8.398ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \,\,f={\frac {1}{T}}\,\,}" /></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \,\,c={\frac {L}{T}}\,\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>L</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \,\,c={\frac {L}{T}}\,\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ae41592a6e7b81e8640e0d1fc09cd74aa4115c32" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:8.126ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \,\,c={\frac {L}{T}}\,\,}" /></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \,\,c=Lf}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \,\,c=Lf}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4ee05a882d1d7a254da223432ca123d05ff46e8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.741ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \,\,c=Lf}" /></span> </p><p>dove <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}" /></span> è la velocità del suono nell'aria (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 334\,\mathrm {m} /\mathrm {s} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>334</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 334\,\mathrm {m} /\mathrm {s} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c4a4573006ed3d432ae633d30de8cca7391ad104" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.889ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 334\,\mathrm {m} /\mathrm {s} }" /></span> nell'aria alla temperatura di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 20^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>20</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 20^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8d9b02006238375d04e69cb57930fc50ac4bc5b3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.057ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 20^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }" /></span> ed alla pressione atmosferica al livello del mare<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>La velocità del suono dipende molto dalla densità del mezzo: è circa <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1500\,{\frac {\mathrm {m} }{\mathrm {s} }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1500</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1500\,{\frac {\mathrm {m} }{\mathrm {s} }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a14d3b99c2fc9f62776d4bf7372fb095c2ca5933" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.809ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1500\,{\frac {\mathrm {m} }{\mathrm {s} }}}" /></span> nell'acqua e circa <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 5000\,{\frac {\mathrm {m} }{\mathrm {s} }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>5000</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 5000\,{\frac {\mathrm {m} }{\mathrm {s} }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43d30818573244ec28de7b10e478c1dd05758500" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.809ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 5000\,{\frac {\mathrm {m} }{\mathrm {s} }}}" /></span> nel ferro. Essendo un movimento di materia, nel vuoto non si trasmette, poiché non c'è materia da far oscillare. </p><p>Conoscendo la velocità e la frequenza di un suono, possiamo dunque calcolare la sua lunghezza d'onda; alla frequenza di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 20\,\mathrm {Hz} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>20</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 20\,\mathrm {Hz} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34b982e2e0b9f3d8e39a3523484179ccabd13da6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.488ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 20\,\mathrm {Hz} }" /></span>, la lunghezza d'onda è pari a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 17\,m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>17</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 17\,m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/044f4706e6c18337c20205087a746fb809d0658f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.752ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 17\,m}" /></span>, mentre a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 20\,\mathrm {kHz} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>20</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 20\,\mathrm {kHz} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be7b146c8890ff253094486b5f29a41d1dfbdac8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.715ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 20\,\mathrm {kHz} }" /></span> è pari a soltanto <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 17\,mm}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>17</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>m</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 17\,mm}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4fa583c9666f40da950787a3309fd3c2df1c236b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.793ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 17\,mm}" /></span>. </p><p>La velocità di propagazione del suono dipende dalle caratteristiche del mezzo, in particolare l'elasticità e la densità. È direttamente proporzionale all'elasticità ed inversamente proporzionale alla densità, secondo la relazione dove: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}" /></span> = velocità del suono nel mezzo considerato</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" /></span> = costante</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" /></span> = modulo di elasticità di Young <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {N}{m^{2}}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>N</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left({\frac {N}{m^{2}}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f24f44c18490677ef7a9d8547625409ceea68fda" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:7.352ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {N}{m^{2}}}\right)}" /></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d439671d1289b6a816e6af7a304be40608d64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho }" /></span> = densità del mezzo <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {kg}{m^{3}}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left({\frac {kg}{m^{3}}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3f0dd245cd31f56f24d4838e61d587f9284fa93a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:7.352ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {kg}{m^{3}}}\right)}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Spesso materiali di elevata densità presentano anche moduli di elasticità elevati e questo ha contribuito al diffondersi della convinzione che la velocità del suono sia più elevata in un mezzo ad alta densità rispetto ad un altro di densità più ridotta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Altezza">Altezza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Altezza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Altezza"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Altezza_(suono)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altezza (suono)">Altezza (suono)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>L'altezza è la qualità che fa distinguere un suono acuto da uno grave. Dipende in massima parte dalla <a href="/wiki/Frequenza" title="Frequenza">frequenza</a>, ma anche dalla <a href="/wiki/Intensit%C3%A0_acustica" title="Intensità acustica">intensità</a>. L'orecchio umano percepisce solo i suoni che vanno da 16 a 20.000 oscillazioni al <a href="/wiki/Secondo" title="Secondo">secondo</a>. Al di sotto abbiamo gli <a href="/wiki/Infrasuoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrasuoni">infrasuoni</a>, al di sopra gli <a href="/wiki/Ultrasuoni" title="Ultrasuoni">ultrasuoni</a>. Il <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">sonar</a>, ma anche i <a href="/wiki/Delfino" title="Delfino">delfini</a> ed i <a href="/wiki/Pipistrello" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipistrello">pipistrelli</a>, percepisce gli ultrasuoni, mentre <a href="/wiki/Elefanti" class="mw-redirect" title="Elefanti">elefanti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pesci" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesci">pesci</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cetacei" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacei">cetacei</a> percepiscono gli infrasuoni. </p><p>La pratica musicale copre una gamma di suoni, le cui fondamentali vanno dal <a href="/wiki/Do_(nota)" title="Do (nota)">do</a> grave, con circa 65 oscillazioni semplici al secondo, al do acuto, con 8276 oscillazioni semplici. La voce umana ha un registro ancora più limitato. Per calcolare l'altezza dei suoni, è stato scelto come punto di riferimento il La4 (= ottava centrale del pianoforte), anche chiamiato <i><a href="/wiki/Diapason" title="Diapason">diapason</a></i> o <i>corista</i>. La frequenza del diapason, che fino al XIX secolo variava di <a href="/wiki/Paese_(geografia)" title="Paese (geografia)">Paese</a> in Paese e anche a seconda del tipo di musica da eseguire (sacra, da camera, ecc.) è stata determinata da diversi congressi: nel 1885, il governo austriaco stabilì che il La4 corrispondesse a 870 oscillazioni semplici che, a loro volta, corrispondevano a 435 oscillazioni doppie. Ora invece il valore di riferimento, stabilito dalla Conferenza di Londra del 1939, è 440 vibrazioni doppie, quindi 880 semplici. </p><p>Le varie altezze si possono suddividere in diverse gamme di frequenza, tra 16 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a> e 20 <a href="/wiki/KHz" class="mw-redirect" title="KHz">kHz</a>. Così, 3 divisioni portano alle <i>basse</i> (~ 16 ÷ 170 Hz), alle <i>medie</i> (~ 170 ÷ 1900 Hz) e alle <i>alte</i> frequenze (~ 2 ÷ 20 kHz), mentre 5 divisioni, invece, vedono solitamente le <i>basse</i> (16 ÷ 70 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a>), <i>medio-basse</i> (70 ÷ 300 Hz), <i>medie</i> (300 ÷ 1200 Hz), <i>medio-alte</i> (1,2 ÷ 5 kHz) ed <i>alte</i> (5 ÷ 20 kHz). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volume_e_pressione">Volume e pressione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Volume e pressione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Volume e pressione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Volume_(acustica)" title="Volume (acustica)">Volume (acustica)</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Pressione_acustica" title="Pressione acustica">Pressione acustica</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Il <a href="/wiki/Volume_(acustica)" title="Volume (acustica)">volume</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> che viene spesso anche chiamato - colloquialmente ed erroneamente - pressione, è la qualità sonora associata alla percezione della <i>forza</i> di un suono, ed è determinato dalla <a href="/wiki/Pressione" title="Pressione">pressione</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> che l'onda sonora esercita sul <a href="/wiki/Timpano_(anatomia)" title="Timpano (anatomia)">timpano</a>: quest'ultima è a sua volta determinata dall'<a href="/wiki/Ampiezza" title="Ampiezza">ampiezza</a> della vibrazione e dalla distanza del punto di percezione da quello di emissione del suono.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particolare, la pressione di un'onda sonora sferica emessa da una sorgente puntiforme risulta essere proporzionale al reciproco della distanza: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {p}}\sim {\frac {1}{r}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {p}}\sim {\frac {1}{r}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/780f1683d482bf7484f974c55edd8538847cca5a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:6.546ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {p}}\sim {\frac {1}{r}}}" /></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {{\tilde {p}}_{1}}{{\tilde {p}}_{2}}}={\frac {r_{2}}{r_{1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {{\tilde {p}}_{1}}{{\tilde {p}}_{2}}}={\frac {r_{2}}{r_{1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fdc7b368fdea4f5606df5a9e2dd649f991a94371" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:9.287ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {{\tilde {p}}_{1}}{{\tilde {p}}_{2}}}={\frac {r_{2}}{r_{1}}}}" /></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {p}}_{1}={\tilde {p}}_{2}{\frac {r_{2}}{r_{1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {p}}_{1}={\tilde {p}}_{2}{\frac {r_{2}}{r_{1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/868a5107876ae2a17deb3a63e7e96410823ee0c8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:10.954ex; height:5.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {p}}_{1}={\tilde {p}}_{2}{\frac {r_{2}}{r_{1}}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}" /></span> = pressione </p><p>Per misurare il volume percepito di un suono si fa spesso riferimento al <a href="/wiki/Pressione_acustica#Livello_di_pressione_sonora" title="Pressione acustica">livello sonoro</a>, che viene calcolato in <a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> come segue: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L_{\mathrm {p} }=10\,\log _{10}\left({\frac {{p}^{2}}{{p_{0}}^{2}}}\right)=20\,\log _{10}\left({\frac {p}{p_{0}}}\right){\mbox{ dB}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>p</mi> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> dB</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L_{\mathrm {p} }=10\,\log _{10}\left({\frac {{p}^{2}}{{p_{0}}^{2}}}\right)=20\,\log _{10}\left({\frac {p}{p_{0}}}\right){\mbox{ dB}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/16337d7252d92ce490b01df2e1d613a0a91d48f0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:42.355ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L_{\mathrm {p} }=10\,\log _{10}\left({\frac {{p}^{2}}{{p_{0}}^{2}}}\right)=20\,\log _{10}\left({\frac {p}{p_{0}}}\right){\mbox{ dB}}}" /></span> </p><p>nella formula, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}" /></span> indica la pressione <a href="/wiki/Valore_efficace" title="Valore efficace">quadratica media</a>, mentre <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b969ada68a88e2aeba9a2d2096abaf1fd53c21d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.313ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{0}}" /></span> è una pressione sonora di riferimento (soglia del silenzio o udibile. È la più piccola variazione di pressione che l'orecchio umano è in grado di percepire<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) comunemente posta a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 20\,\mu \mathrm {Pa} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>20</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 20\,\mu \mathrm {Pa} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e2d55f23278f1a9b6ae028dc2fc142b5f8f63dde" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.859ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 20\,\mu \mathrm {Pa} }" /></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(2\cdot 10^{-5}\,{\frac {N}{m^{2}}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>N</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left(2\cdot 10^{-5}\,{\frac {N}{m^{2}}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/748a8c691abf99a4e273a2cd91fe58744fc1fa59" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:15.238ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(2\cdot 10^{-5}\,{\frac {N}{m^{2}}}\right)}" /></span> in aria e a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\,\mu \mathrm {Pa} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\,\mu \mathrm {Pa} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d9d3ee6a924110dfc3e81ffc7207e91c76d14a9c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.697ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\,\mu \mathrm {Pa} }" /></span> in acqua. La misura in decibel risulta più appropriata per indicare il livello sonoro percepito, perché la risposta dell'orecchio umano è all'incirca logaritmica.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'intensità di un'onda sonora è invece definita come la quantità di <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> che passa attraverso l'unità di area nell'intervallo di tempo unitario. Quindi se l'energia <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" /></span> passa attraverso l'area <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" /></span> nel tempo <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" /></span>, l'intensità <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/535ea7fc4134a31cbe2251d9d3511374bc41be9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I}" /></span> dell'onda è <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I={\frac {E}{At}}={\frac {P_{ac}}{A}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>A</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I={\frac {E}{At}}={\frac {P_{ac}}{A}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5582e8bae1006361f8e2ee799ccc057ae994a0e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.93ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I={\frac {E}{At}}={\frac {P_{ac}}{A}}}" /></span>, dove si è tenuto conto della definizione di <a href="/wiki/Potenza_(fisica)" title="Potenza (fisica)">potenza</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{ac}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{ac}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1ef629975a432bfe1e8b6def127d72611bb7da81" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.306ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{ac}}" /></span> come rapporto fra l'energia e il tempo in cui viene sviluppata (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{ac}=E/t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{ac}=E/t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8ac11019cddf4e7fbe3cf7937538ebba72b425f5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.182ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{ac}=E/t}" /></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'intensità si può esprimere anche a partire dalla pressione e dalla velocità dell'onda (indicando con T il periodo dell'onda): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I={\frac {1}{T}}\int _{0}^{T}p(t)\cdot v(t)\,dt}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I={\frac {1}{T}}\int _{0}^{T}p(t)\cdot v(t)\,dt}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ef780822ae0d5e69e0494d4bc29dde7b4bc40660" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:23.087ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I={\frac {1}{T}}\int _{0}^{T}p(t)\cdot v(t)\,dt}" /></span> </p><p>Nel caso di un'onda sferica (sorgente puntiforme), l'intensità, in funzione della distanza è data da </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{r}={\frac {P_{ac}}{A}}={\frac {P_{ac}}{4\pi r^{2}}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>A</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{r}={\frac {P_{ac}}{A}}={\frac {P_{ac}}{4\pi r^{2}}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8e1cbce6da101394c7f06f0fbf5b95e2fa35972c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:18.157ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{r}={\frac {P_{ac}}{A}}={\frac {P_{ac}}{4\pi r^{2}}}\,}" /></span>.</dd></dl> <p>Come si può vedere l'intensità decresce come il reciproco del <b>quadrato</b> della distanza:<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I\sim {p^{2}}\sim {\dfrac {1}{r^{2}}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>∼</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I\sim {p^{2}}\sim {\dfrac {1}{r^{2}}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ad6ff1b47410d86849676dd77611fc8f78cfad3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:12.918ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I\sim {p^{2}}\sim {\dfrac {1}{r^{2}}}\,}" /></span> e quindi molto più rapidamente della pressione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\sim {\frac {1}{r}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>∼</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\sim {\frac {1}{r}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72b48229d17abd9c469a956ba468b2f77c72fc95" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:6.356ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\sim {\frac {1}{r}}}" /></span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anche per l'intensità si dà una definizione di livello in unità logaritmiche (decibel<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>): </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L_{I}=10\log _{10}{\frac {I}{I_{o}}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>I</mi> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L_{I}=10\log _{10}{\frac {I}{I_{o}}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7742d37237fde1408c67d7b068e8e09ebba62ebf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:16.965ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L_{I}=10\log _{10}{\frac {I}{I_{o}}}\,}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>In questo caso l'intensità di riferimento <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{0}=10^{-12}\,{\frac {\mathrm {W} }{m^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{0}=10^{-12}\,{\frac {\mathrm {W} }{m^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b0869826ef446f6cd058709037ef545ee773d97b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:14.973ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{0}=10^{-12}\,{\frac {\mathrm {W} }{m^{2}}}}" /></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timbro">Timbro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Timbro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Timbro"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Timbro_(musica)" title="Timbro (musica)">Timbro (musica)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Il timbro è la qualità che più distingue un suono da un altro; immaginiamo la voce di un <a href="/wiki/Elephantidae" title="Elephantidae">Elefante</a> o di una <a href="/wiki/Panthera_tigris" title="Panthera tigris">Tigre</a> (ad esempio). In ambito musicale, il timbro è la qualità che distingue uno strumento musicale dall'altro, a parità della <a href="/wiki/Nota_(musica)" title="Nota (musica)">nota</a> suonata. Il timbro dipende dalla <a href="/wiki/Forma_d%27onda" title="Forma d'onda">forma d'onda</a> del suono (quantità e intensità delle <a href="/wiki/Armonici_naturali" title="Armonici naturali">armoniche</a>, oltre la <a href="/wiki/Tonica_(musica)" title="Tonica (musica)">fondamentale</a>), determinato dalla sovrapposizione delle onde caratterizzanti. Il timbro è determinato anche dalla natura della sorgente sonora (forma e composizione) e dalla maniera in cui questa viene fatta vibrare o posta in oscillazione (le <a href="/wiki/Corde_vocali" title="Corde vocali">corde vocali</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Violino" title="Violino">violino</a> o le <a href="/wiki/Foglia" title="Foglia">foglie</a> mosse dal <a href="/wiki/Vento" title="Vento">vento</a>, ecc). </p><p>La scomposizione nelle proprie componenti fondamentali (sinusoidali) di un suono registrato (o ripreso da un <a href="/wiki/Microfono" title="Microfono">microfono</a>), è detta <i><a href="/wiki/Analisi_di_Fourier" title="Analisi di Fourier">analisi in frequenza</a></i>. Con questo metodo si è in grado di semplificare (<i><a href="/wiki/Sampler" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampler">sampler</a></i> ) i suoni ad una singola onda sonora (<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">audio</a>) per <a href="/wiki/Audio_digitale" title="Audio digitale">digitalizzarli</a>, e nel caso anche per valutare il timbro del suono analizzato (es: <a href="/wiki/Analizzatore_di_spettro" title="Analizzatore di spettro">analizzatore di spettro</a>, ecc). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="25" data-mwtitle="Piermic_-_Improvisation_with_Sopranino_Recorder_(2015).mp3" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Piermic_-_Improvisation_with_Sopranino_Recorder_(2015).mp3"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Piermic_-_Improvisation_with_Sopranino_Recorder_%282015%29.mp3/Piermic_-_Improvisation_with_Sopranino_Recorder_%282015%29.mp3.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Piermic_-_Improvisation_with_Sopranino_Recorder_%282015%29.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Il suono di un <a href="/wiki/Flauto_dolce" title="Flauto dolce">Flauto dolce</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nella musica, tanto più un suono è composto da diverse componenti, tanto più esso risulta complesso. Ad esempio, si potrebbe andare da un suono più semplice di un <a href="/wiki/Flauto_dolce" title="Flauto dolce">flauto dolce</a>, composto dalla fondamentale e da pochissime armoniche (piuttosto consonanti e di basso livello acustico), al suono ricco degli <a href="/wiki/Strumenti_ad_arco" title="Strumenti ad arco">strumenti ad arco</a>, composto da moltissime frequenze armoniche secondarie. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="260" data-mwtitle="JOHN_MICHEL_CELLO-J_S_BACH_CELLO_SUITE_1_in_G_Allemande.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:JOHN_MICHEL_CELLO-J_S_BACH_CELLO_SUITE_1_in_G_Allemande.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/JOHN_MICHEL_CELLO-J_S_BACH_CELLO_SUITE_1_in_G_Allemande.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/JOHN_MICHEL_CELLO-J_S_BACH_CELLO_SUITE_1_in_G_Allemande.ogg/JOHN_MICHEL_CELLO-J_S_BACH_CELLO_SUITE_1_in_G_Allemande.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Il suono di un <a href="/wiki/Violoncello" title="Violoncello">Violoncello</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tanto più le frequenze secondarie che si sovrappongono alla principale non sono armoniche (ovvero hanno frequenze che non sono multipli interi della fondamentale), tanto più ci si avvicina al rumore. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Localizzazione_uditiva">Localizzazione uditiva</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Localizzazione uditiva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Localizzazione uditiva"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La localizzazione uditiva, detta anche localizzazione sonora o acustica, è la capacità di identificare la posizione di una sorgente sonora nello spazio. Nell'uomo, questa si basa principalmente su tre fattori: la differenza di tempo interaurale, la differenza di intensità interaurale e le modifiche spettrali causate dalla forma del padiglione auricolare e dai volumi spaziali di testa e spalle. La localizzazione uditiva si avvale anche di cues secondari quali il riverbero ambientale ed il moto relativo tra sorgente ed ascoltatore, per determinare o migliorare la localizzazione della sorgente sonora<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suoni_e_rumori">Suoni e rumori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Suoni e rumori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Suoni e rumori"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Victor_Thirion_-_listening_to_the_sea_shell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Charles_Victor_Thirion_-_listening_to_the_sea_shell.jpg/220px-Charles_Victor_Thirion_-_listening_to_the_sea_shell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Charles_Victor_Thirion_-_listening_to_the_sea_shell.jpg/330px-Charles_Victor_Thirion_-_listening_to_the_sea_shell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Charles_Victor_Thirion_-_listening_to_the_sea_shell.jpg/440px-Charles_Victor_Thirion_-_listening_to_the_sea_shell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="878" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Il suono delle <a href="/wiki/Conchiglia" title="Conchiglia">conchiglie</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sound_level_meter_with_sound_waves.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sound_level_meter_with_sound_waves.png/220px-Sound_level_meter_with_sound_waves.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sound_level_meter_with_sound_waves.png/330px-Sound_level_meter_with_sound_waves.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sound_level_meter_with_sound_waves.png/440px-Sound_level_meter_with_sound_waves.png 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="3890" /></a><figcaption>Meter del livello sonoro</figcaption></figure> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento">Il suono è in generale una sensazione che nasce nell'uomo quando una perturbazione meccanica si propaga in un mezzo elastico facendolo vibrare. Per questa ragione molto spesso abbiamo a che fare con suoni i cui stimoli acustici hanno le componenti in frequenza multipli della frequenza fondamentale.</span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice">[<i><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Chiarezza" title="Aiuto:Chiarezza">non chiaro</a></i>]</sup> Il rumore è comunemente identificato come una sensazione uditiva sgradevole e fastidiosa o intollerabile. Tuttavia, alcuni studiosi ritengono che la differenza di significato tra "suono" e "rumore" sia legata più alla controllabilità dell'emissione acustica, che non alla sua gradevolezza. Inoltre, molti rumori vengono generati elettronicamente per ricreare l'equivalente del suono nella sua complessità, ad esempio il <a href="/wiki/Rumore_bianco" title="Rumore bianco">rumore bianco</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Rumore_rosa" title="Rumore rosa">rumore rosa</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Rumore_gaussiano" title="Rumore gaussiano">rumore gaussiano</a>, ecc. E il <a href="/wiki/Rumore_del_mare" title="Rumore del mare">rumore del mare</a> (ad esempio) non è un suono udibile? </p><p>L'udito umano non è ugualmente sensibile a tutte le frequenze dei suoni, ma è più sensibile nel campo compreso fra <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\,k\mathrm {Hz} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\,k\mathrm {Hz} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3edd44f30eb2221e22636d11d5e641eb8f1fc4a4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.536ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\,k\mathrm {Hz} }" /></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 5\,k\mathrm {Hz} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>5</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 5\,k\mathrm {Hz} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7e61951fb7918e7aca86b543cab739bc71d2e90a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.536ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 5\,k\mathrm {Hz} }" /></span>, e molto meno sensibile alle frequenze estremamente basse (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 16\,\mathrm {Hz} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>16</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 16\,\mathrm {Hz} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2c5af30b8f1e01453b8614723b972936bdc3028c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.488ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 16\,\mathrm {Hz} }" /></span>) o estremamente elevate (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 20\,k\mathrm {Hz} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>20</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 20\,k\mathrm {Hz} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/332fcc79eb03d8377d47bf6fbc71d1979fecfa0c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.699ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 20\,k\mathrm {Hz} }" /></span>). Questo fenomeno è molto più pronunciato ai bassi livelli di pressione sonora che non agli alti livelli. Così, un segnale a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 50\,\mathrm {Hz} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>50</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 50\,\mathrm {Hz} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/16968d4ca93fc157db54f1cd90f0ccc0cb34919d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.488ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 50\,\mathrm {Hz} }" /></span> con un livello di pressione sonora di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 85\,\mathrm {dB} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>85</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 85\,\mathrm {dB} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3a871f2305761a6782ff02ef669341031346d183" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.65ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 85\,\mathrm {dB} }" /></span> (abbastanza alto), dà luogo alla stessa intensità soggettiva di un segnale a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1000\,\mathrm {Hz} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1000</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1000\,\mathrm {Hz} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a1c6bcd51f112f4b46e5d3a33689b99ef36d832c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.812ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1000\,\mathrm {Hz} }" /></span> con livello di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 70\,\mathrm {dB} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>70</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 70\,\mathrm {dB} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/69867680cf34c6ff266a79a535aae562730fc4f0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.65ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 70\,\mathrm {dB} }" /></span> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 15\,\mathrm {dB} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>15</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 15\,\mathrm {dB} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0c426fd051453b6189994d36a2b9f38e8bea632" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.65ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 15\,\mathrm {dB} }" /></span> di differenza, non pochi); pertanto, affinché uno <a href="/wiki/Fonometro" title="Fonometro">strumento per la misura del rumore</a> reagisca nella stessa maniera dell'orecchio umano, è necessario dotarlo di un <a href="/wiki/Curve_di_ponderazione" title="Curve di ponderazione">filtro di ponderazione</a> che ne simuli la <a href="/wiki/Risposta_in_frequenza" title="Risposta in frequenza">risposta</a>. E questo filtro, è definito dalle norme CEI 29-1, 29-10 e 29-14 (e successive modificazioni e/o integrazioni) come "ponderazione A".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/suono/,%20https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/suono/"><span style="font-style:italic;">suòno - Treccani</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani</span>. <small>URL consultato il 9 maggio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFHalliday_Resnick_Walker">Halliday Resnick Walker</a>, p. 501</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFHalliday_Resnick_Walker">Halliday Resnick Walker</a>, p. 498</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Vedi anche: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/intens.html">Corso di Fisica</a> della Georgia State university</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-soundlevel.htm">Calcolatore di pressione sonora</a></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Cioè <a href="/wiki/Forza" title="Forza">forza</a> per unità di area: nel Sistema Internazionale di unità di misura, la pressione è espressa in <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Pascal (unità di misura)">pascal</a> (simbolo <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Pa} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Pa} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d4873eb320b364ef6018f26ad32324df6b13a58a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Pa} }" /></span>) cioè <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Newton (unità di misura)">Newton</a> su <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">metro</a> quadro.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Si tratta in effetti di una sovrapressione, cioè della variazione di pressione determinata dal suono.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">A volte indicati come dB spl (dB sound pressure level - livello di pressione sonora) per distinguerli dall'analoga misura di livello d'intensità.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Oltre alla soglia del silenzio, si trovano anche riferimenti alla cosiddetta soglia del dolore, che però ha una definizione assai più soggettiva. I valori riportati variano tra i 120 e i 140 dB, corrispondenti a pressioni comprese tra 20 e 200 pascal.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">In realtà bisognerebbe anche tenere conto del fatto che la risposta dell'orecchio umano dipende anche dalla frequenza del suono.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Nel Sistema Internazionale di unità di misura, l'intensità è quindi espressa in <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a> su <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">metri</a> quadri (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {W} /m^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {W} /m^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/787de18db06964ab5ccbfbe59e9176b11c6ed762" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.646ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {W} /m^{2}}" /></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Valgono anche le relazioni (analogamente al caso della pressione) <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I\propto {\frac {1}{r^{2}}}{\frac {I_{1}}{I_{2}}}={\frac {{r_{2}}^{2}}{{r_{1}}^{2}}}I_{1}=I_{2}\cdot {r_{2}^{2}}\cdot {\frac {1}{{r_{1}}^{2}}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>∝</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I\propto {\frac {1}{r^{2}}}{\frac {I_{1}}{I_{2}}}={\frac {{r_{2}}^{2}}{{r_{1}}^{2}}}I_{1}=I_{2}\cdot {r_{2}^{2}}\cdot {\frac {1}{{r_{1}}^{2}}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a179e0692646830bdc6b8514d57ce6dcb7a3cc3a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:34.309ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I\propto {\frac {1}{r^{2}}}{\frac {I_{1}}{I_{2}}}={\frac {{r_{2}}^{2}}{{r_{1}}^{2}}}I_{1}=I_{2}\cdot {r_{2}^{2}}\cdot {\frac {1}{{r_{1}}^{2}}}\,}" /></span></dd></dl> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">A volte indicati come dB-SIL (dB sound intensity level - livello di intensità sonora) per distinguerli dall'analoga misura di livello di pressione.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Alessandro Carlini, Camille Bordeau e Maxime Ambard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1408073/full"><span style="font-style:italic;">Auditory localization: a comprehensive practical review</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Frontiers in Psychology</span>, vol. 15, 10 luglio 2024, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2024.1408073">10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1408073</a>. <small>URL consultato il 3 settembre 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">gazzettaufficiale.it</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticolo?art.progressivo=0&art.idArticolo=1&art.versione=1&art.codiceRedazionale=097A9090&art.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1997-11-15&art.idGruppo=0&art.idSottoArticolo1=10&art.idSottoArticolo=1&art.flagTipoArticolo=2">https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticolo?art.progressivo=0&art.idArticolo=1&art.versione=1&art.codiceRedazionale=097A9090&art.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1997-11-15&art.idGruppo=0&art.idSottoArticolo1=10&art.idSottoArticolo=1&art.flagTipoArticolo=2</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>. <small>URL consultato il 9 maggio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFHalliday_Resnick_Walker" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> David Halliday, Robert Resnick e Jearl Walker, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fondamenti di fisica</span>, vol. 2, Bologna, <a href="/wiki/Zanichelli" title="Zanichelli">Zanichelli</a>, 2015, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788808936578" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788808936578">9788808936578</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acustica" title="Acustica">Acustica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusore_di_Schroeder" title="Diffusore di Schroeder">Diffusore di Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrasuono" title="Infrasuono">Infrasuono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasuono" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultrasuono">Ultrasuono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocit%C3%A0_del_suono" title="Velocità del suono">Velocità del suono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altoparlante" title="Altoparlante">Altoparlante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_sonora" title="Coda sonora">Coda sonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musica" title="Musica">Musica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimatica" title="Cimatica">Cimatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Chladni" title="Ernst Chladni">Ernst Chladni</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Suono" class="extiw" title="q:Suono">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/suono" class="extiw" title="wikt:suono">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/Suono_(superiori)" class="extiw" title="v:Suono (superiori)">Wikiversità</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Sound"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sound?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni sul <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Suono" class="extiw" title="q:Suono">suono</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/20px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/suono" class="extiw" title="wikt:suono">suono</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiversità"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiversità" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/18px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/36px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversità</a> contiene risorse sul <b><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/Suono_(superiori)" class="extiw" title="v:Suono (superiori)">suono</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sul <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sound?uselang=it">suono</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suono&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Richard E. Berg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/sound-physics"><span style="font-style:italic;">sound</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11461#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sounds/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Suono</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11461#P3123" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/sound"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere riguardanti Suono</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11461#P3847" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301100001/http://fisica.decapoa.altervista.org/fisica/index.php?w0=suono"><span style="font-style:italic;">Video didattici sul suono</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">fisica.decapoa.altervista.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 19 dicembre 2008</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://fisica.decapoa.altervista.org/fisica/index.php?w0=suono">url originale</abbr> il 1º marzo 2009)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=5484">5484</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85125363">sh85125363</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4129541-9">4129541-9</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX524575">XX524575</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX524575">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119348192">cb119348192</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119348192">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007558440305171">987007558440305171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568989">00568989</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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