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With a focus on child protection, the study discusses the unique challenges of implementing ethnographic methodologies, particularly concerning informed consent and the potential risks for vulnerable populations. The author proposes recommendations for enhancing ethical research practices in France, emphasizing the need for awareness of micro-ethical issues, ongoing assessments, and tailored training for researchers.","publication_date":"2021,9,1","publication_name":"Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Inria"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Ethical questions regarding the place of the child in ethnographic research at the children's home","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [210757130]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":96652647,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Ethical questions regarding the place of the child in ethnographic research at the children's home”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/96652647/mini_magick20230101-1-zu6j4s.png?1672588616" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Ethical questions regarding the place of the child in ethnographic research at the children's home</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="210757130" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulieChapeau"><img alt="Profile image of Julie Chapeau" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/210757130/70294492/58709894/s65_julie.chapeau.jpeg" />Julie Chapeau</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Inria</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">10 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 94099805; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=94099805"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This communication addresses the ethical frameworks necessary for conducting ethnographic research involving children in residential settings. With a focus on child protection, the study discusses the unique challenges of implementing ethnographic methodologies, particularly concerning informed consent and the potential risks for vulnerable populations. The author proposes recommendations for enhancing ethical research practices in France, emphasizing the need for awareness of micro-ethical issues, ongoing assessments, and tailored training for researchers.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":96652647,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/94099805/Ethical_questions_regarding_the_place_of_the_child_in_ethnographic_research_at_the_childrens_home"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":96652647,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/94099805/Ethical_questions_regarding_the_place_of_the_child_in_ethnographic_research_at_the_childrens_home"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Safety, Dignity, and Voice</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53737643" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/ElizabethAnneKinsella">Elizabeth Anne Kinsella</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">While engaged in a research project involving the use of visual methods with children, the authors discovered that there are many ethical considerations beyond what could have been predicted at the outset. Some of these considerations are important with respect to research with children in general, while others arise more particularly when using visual methods. Framed around the two broad categories of procedural ethics and ethics in practice, five areas of ethical concern are considered: (a) assent or willingness to participate, (b) informed consent and assent using visual methods, (c) issues of disclosure, (d) power imbalances, and (e) representations of the child. The authors propose that researcher reflexivity on ethically important moments lies at the heart of living ethical practice in qualitative research and that the ideals of enabling child safety, dignity, and voice serve as useful guides in the quest for ethical practices in research with children.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"81 Qualitative Inquiry the Reflexive Researcher Ethical Research With Children : Practical Considerations for −− Picture This . . . Safety, Dignity, and Voice","attachmentId":66814787,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47947907/81_Qualitative_Inquiry_the_Reflexive_Researcher_Ethical_Research_With_Children_Practical_Considerations_for_Picture_This_Safety_Dignity_and_Voice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47947907/81_Qualitative_Inquiry_the_Reflexive_Researcher_Ethical_Research_With_Children_Practical_Considerations_for_Picture_This_Safety_Dignity_and_Voice"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="54431818" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54431818/Picture_This_Safety_Dignity_and_Voice_Ethical_Research_With_Children_Practical_Considerations_for_the_Reflexive_Researcher">Picture This . . . Safety, Dignity, and Voice--Ethical Research With Children: Practical Considerations for the Reflexive Researcher</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53737643" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/ElizabethAnneKinsella">Elizabeth Anne Kinsella</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Qualitative Inquiry, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">While engaged in a research project involving the use of visual methods with children, the authors discovered that there are many ethical considerations beyond what could have been predicted at the outset. Some of these considerations are important with respect to research with children in general, while others arise more particularly when using visual methods. Framed around the two broad categories of procedural ethics and ethics in practice, five areas of ethical concern are considered: (a) assent or willingness to participate, (b) informed consent and assent using visual methods, (c) issues of disclosure, (d) power imbalances, and (e) representations of the child. The authors propose that researcher reflexivity on ethically important moments lies at the heart of living ethical practice in qualitative research and that the ideals of enabling child safety, dignity, and voice serve as useful guides in the quest for ethical practices in research with children.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Picture This . . . Safety, Dignity, and Voice--Ethical Research With Children: Practical Considerations for the Reflexive Researcher","attachmentId":70797692,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54431818/Picture_This_Safety_Dignity_and_Voice_Ethical_Research_With_Children_Practical_Considerations_for_the_Reflexive_Researcher","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54431818/Picture_This_Safety_Dignity_and_Voice_Ethical_Research_With_Children_Practical_Considerations_for_the_Reflexive_Researcher"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="92309468" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92309468/Ethical_research_involving_children_Putting_the_evidence_into_practice">Ethical research involving children: Putting the evidence into practice</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="156456406" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NicolaTaylor22">Nicola Taylor</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Family matters, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Ethical Research Involving Children (ERIC) project has endeavoured to address these and many more questions that arise when funding, governing or undertaking research involving children. Following extensive research and consultation internationally, the print and webbased resources developed through the ERIC project (Graham, Powell, Taylor, Anderson and Fitzgerald, 2013) provide a useful framework for approaching these and multiple other considerations that are core to ensuring research involving children can justifiably be deemed “ethical”. This article introduces the ERIC project and resources to Family Matters readers and invites further engagement, dialogue and sharing of experience in the continued international movement towards safe, respectful research that foregrounds children’s dignity, rights and wellbeing, across all methodological, social and cultural contexts.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ethical research involving children: Putting the evidence into practice","attachmentId":95352101,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92309468/Ethical_research_involving_children_Putting_the_evidence_into_practice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92309468/Ethical_research_involving_children_Putting_the_evidence_into_practice"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="5299312" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5299312/God_shes_gonna_report_me_the_ethics_of_child_protection_in_poverty_research">God, she's gonna report me?: the ethics of child protection in poverty research</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7299700" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GonnaBe">Gonna Be</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Children & Society, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The ethics of social research with children has been the source of considerable debate. In particular, issues of how to address potential disclosures of child abuse have been highlighted. What ethical implications are raised, however, when children are the indirect focus of the research? This paper explores the ethical dilemmas of conducting research with mothers about their experiences of caring for children. It is based on qualitative research with 30 mothers on low incomes. The paper concludes that strategies to tackle structural disadvantage as well as those that take account of individual risk are key features of future child welfare. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"God, she's gonna report me?: the ethics of child protection in poverty research","attachmentId":49358236,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5299312/God_shes_gonna_report_me_the_ethics_of_child_protection_in_poverty_research","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5299312/God_shes_gonna_report_me_the_ethics_of_child_protection_in_poverty_research"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="109346816" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109346816/Addressing_Ethical_Dilemmas_in_Research_with_Young_Children_and_Families_Situated_Ethics_in_Collaborative_Research">Addressing Ethical Dilemmas in Research with Young Children and Families. Situated Ethics in Collaborative Research</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15227250" href="https://au.academia.edu/DorteKousholt">Dorte Kousholt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human Arenas, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this article we discuss the situated ethics of researching the everyday lives of children and families. Research conducted in close collaboration with research participants in everyday contexts presents the researcher with multiple ethical dilemmas involving doubts, uncertainties, and often also discomfort, conflicting emotions, and contradictory possibilities for action. However, the literature on ethics often focuses primarily on standardized procedures, such as for obtaining informed consent, preventing harm, and ensuring anonymity. Although such procedures provide an important foundation for reflections on ethics, they only address some of the ethical concerns in research. Furthermore, they often fall short in terms of guiding the researcher to make decisions when encountering ethical challenges in concrete situations at various stages of the research process: from entering to leaving research sites. We suggest formulating specific ethical commitments that are grounded in a given research project's methodological approach and concrete conditions. Furthermore, we analyze the interconnections between ethical commitments, theoretical stances, and research ambitions, and how these interconnections may guide reflection and decisions on how to handle ethical dilemmas throughout the research process. We draw on examples from our research on the everyday lives of children and parents, using social practice theory and collaborative research as jumping-off points.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Addressing Ethical Dilemmas in Research with Young Children and Families. Situated Ethics in Collaborative Research","attachmentId":107500013,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109346816/Addressing_Ethical_Dilemmas_in_Research_with_Young_Children_and_Families_Situated_Ethics_in_Collaborative_Research","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109346816/Addressing_Ethical_Dilemmas_in_Research_with_Young_Children_and_Families_Situated_Ethics_in_Collaborative_Research"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="73354246" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73354246/_Like_the_stranger_at_a_funeral_who_cries_more_than_the_bereaved_ethical_dilemmas_in_ethnographic_research_with_children">‘Like the stranger at a funeral who cries more than the bereaved’: ethical dilemmas in ethnographic research with children</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="129776448" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SAMUELKUMIOKYERE">SAMUEL KUMI OKYERE</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Qualitative Research</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article contributes to debates on the practicality and utility of prior ethical review in ethnography and qualitative research using an ethnography of children’s involvement in artisanal gold mining work in Ghana as a case study. Reflecting on dilemmas and obstacles encountered in attempts to employ prescribed institutional ethical guidance modelled for childhood research in the UK during the fieldwork, the discussion brings to attention some of the problems that can arise when ethical guidance is not anchored in the lived realities or value systems of the setting in which fieldwork is conducted. The article seeks to rejuvenate calls for more flexible and socio-culturally responsive ethical review and practice as an alternative to the prescriptive ethical regimes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"‘Like the stranger at a funeral who cries more than the bereaved’: ethical dilemmas in ethnographic research with children","attachmentId":81906183,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73354246/_Like_the_stranger_at_a_funeral_who_cries_more_than_the_bereaved_ethical_dilemmas_in_ethnographic_research_with_children","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73354246/_Like_the_stranger_at_a_funeral_who_cries_more_than_the_bereaved_ethical_dilemmas_in_ethnographic_research_with_children"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="110672219" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110672219/Ethical_challenges_in_research_with_orphans_and_vulnerable_children_a_qualitative_study_of_researcher_experiences">Ethical challenges in research with orphans and vulnerable children: a qualitative study of researcher experiences</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32477177" href="https://washington.academia.edu/LilianaLengua">Liliana Lengua</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Health, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs) represent a significant population worldwide, enduring poor health and living conditions. Evidence-based interventions are needed. However, without parents, ethical concerns about including OVCs in research persist. The aim of our study was to better understand the ethical challenges facing researchers who work with OVCs. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 international pediatric researchers working with OVCs in seven countries. We used descriptive content analysis to characterize the ethical rationale for inclusion and associated challenges. Results: Researchers believed research was justified as a necessary means for informing evidence-based interventions to benefit OVCs directly or as a population. Ethical challenges included difficulty identifying OVCs given variation among children living without parents; difficulty identifying guardians among a range of caregivers; concerns about meaningfulness of guardian consent; difficulty assessing risk; and responding to children's many needs. Conclusions: A range of caregivers bear responsibility to protect OVC's interests in place of parents in research but are often not prepared to do so. This places greater burden on researchers to assess risks and respond to children's needs. Findings suggest that we should improve support and rethink the roles of guardians, researchers and older children in research participation and protection.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ethical challenges in research with orphans and vulnerable children: a qualitative study of researcher experiences","attachmentId":108417120,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110672219/Ethical_challenges_in_research_with_orphans_and_vulnerable_children_a_qualitative_study_of_researcher_experiences","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110672219/Ethical_challenges_in_research_with_orphans_and_vulnerable_children_a_qualitative_study_of_researcher_experiences"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="315461" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/315461/Small_Voices_Childrens_Rights_and_Representation_In_Social_Work_Research">Small Voices: Children's Rights and Representation In Social Work Research</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="257979" href="https://qub.academia.edu/SharonMilner">Sharon Milner</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="241870" href="https://ulster.academia.edu/WendyCousins">Wendy Cousins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Social Work Education, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The persons who are social work's constituencies are typically disenfranchised and excluded. This is particularly the case with children whose voices are routinely suppressed. This paper outlines why Children's Article 12 Rights under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child to express their views on all matters concerning them should also apply to social work research. The ethical issues around research with children are explored and a number of different research methods are outlined in order to offer a starting point for social workers wishing to place children's viewpoints and voices at the centre of their research.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Small Voices: Children's Rights and Representation In Social Work Research","attachmentId":1858274,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/315461/Small_Voices_Childrens_Rights_and_Representation_In_Social_Work_Research","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/315461/Small_Voices_Childrens_Rights_and_Representation_In_Social_Work_Research"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="1758942" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1758942/Tapping_the_Perspectives_of_Children_Emerging_Ethical_Issues_in_Qualitative_Research">Tapping the Perspectives of Children: Emerging Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32298865" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/CherylRegehr">Cheryl Regehr</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2051817" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/FayeMishna">Faye Mishna</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Qualitative Social Work, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The unique ethical issues related to conducting research with children are insufficiently distinguished from issues in working with vulnerable groups, despite a shift to recognizing children as active in the research process. Qualitative researchers are challenged to consider complex ethical issues related to children and are obligated to protect their rights, freedoms, safety, and dignity. While some issues are similar to those in any research context, the nature of the researcher-participant relationship, and the unstructured nature of qualitative research methods, add a dimension of risk. This article examines ethical issues in qualitative research with children: (1) consent and assent; (2) the obligation to protect children from harm while respecting KEY WORDS: children ethics qualitative research research with children ethical issues ARTICLE 449 children's rights; and, (3) the challenges of ensuring that children have fair access to research initiatives and the benefits that ensue. A study conducted by one author illustrates ethical issues that arise. We provide implications for conducting qualitative research with children.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tapping the Perspectives of Children: Emerging Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research","attachmentId":21996688,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1758942/Tapping_the_Perspectives_of_Children_Emerging_Ethical_Issues_in_Qualitative_Research","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1758942/Tapping_the_Perspectives_of_Children_Emerging_Ethical_Issues_in_Qualitative_Research"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="1945128" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1945128/Conducting_research_with_young_children_some_ethical_considerations">Conducting research with young children: some ethical considerations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2523059" href="https://open.academia.edu/RosieFlewitt">Rosie Flewitt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Early child development and care, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The recent foundation of a 'Young Children's Perspectives' special interest group in the European Early Childhood Education Research Association (EECERA) reflects a general move in social research towards the respectful and inclusive involvement of children in the research process. However, established education research guidelines often provide no more than a loose ethical framework, appearing to focus on avoiding poor ethical conduct rather than proposing ways forward for making children's participation in research a positive experience. This short paper draws on my own experiences of conducting ESRC-funded ethnographic video case studies on the ways four 3-year-old children express their understandings at home and in a pre-school playgroup during their first year of early years education. The paper reflects on the processes of negotiating initial and ongoing consent, problematises the notion of 'informed' consent in exploratory research with young children, and considers questions of anonymity when collecting and reporting on visual data. The paper proposes that by adopting a flexible, reflective stance, early years researchers can learn much from children not only about their perspectives, but also about how to include young children in the research process. February 2005 Revised article for EECERA special edition: Dr Rosie Flewitt</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conducting research with young children: some ethical considerations","attachmentId":28064867,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1945128/Conducting_research_with_young_children_some_ethical_considerations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1945128/Conducting_research_with_young_children_some_ethical_considerations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":96652647,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":96652647,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_96652647" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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