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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Terrain of Ghana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrain_of_Ghana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographical_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographical_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geographical regions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geographical_regions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geographical regions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geographical_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Low_plains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low_plains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Low plains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low_plains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volta_Basin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volta_Basin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Volta Basin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volta_Basin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_plains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_plains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>High plains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_plains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers_and_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers_and_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rivers and lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers_and_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_hazards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_hazards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Natural hazards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_hazards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Environmental issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extreme_points" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extreme_points"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Extreme points</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extreme_points-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Geography of Ghana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeograf%C3%ADa_de_Ghana" title="Xeografía de Ghana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeografía de Ghana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Геаграфія Ганы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Геаграфія Ганы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Геаграфія Ганы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Геаграфія Ганы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="География на Гана – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="География на Гана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographie_Ghanas" title="Geographie Ghanas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geographie Ghanas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Γεωγραφία της Γκάνας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωγραφία της Γκάνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograf%C3%ADa_de_Ghana" title="Geografía de Ghana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geografía de Ghana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7" title="جغرافیای غنا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جغرافیای غنا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ographie_du_Ghana" title="Géographie du Ghana – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géographie du Ghana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_del_Ghana" title="Geografia del Ghana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geografia del Ghana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="განის გეოგრაფია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="განის გეოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_Ghany" title="Geografia Ghany – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geografia Ghany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_do_Gana" title="Geografia do Gana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geografia do Gana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="География Ганы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="География Ганы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeografia_e_Gan%C3%ABs" title="Gjeografia e Ganës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeografia e Ganës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Географија Гане – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Географија Гане" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanan_maantiede" title="Ghanan maantiede – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ghanan maantiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Географія Гани – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Географія Гани" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giografia_del_Ghana" title="Giografia del Ghana – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Giografia del Ghana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%E1%BA%B9%CC%81%E1%BB%8D%CC%81gr%C3%A1f%C3%AC_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Gh%C3%A1n%C3%A0" title="Jẹ́ọ́gráfì ilẹ̀ Ghánà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jẹ́ọ́gráfì ilẹ̀ Ghánà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%8D%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="加納地理 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加納地理" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1987440#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Ghana</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghana_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Ghana"><img alt="Map of Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ghana_Map.jpg/280px-Ghana_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ghana_Map.jpg/420px-Ghana_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ghana_Map.jpg/560px-Ghana_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="1298" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationGhana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/LocationGhana.svg/240px-LocationGhana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/LocationGhana.svg/360px-LocationGhana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/LocationGhana.svg/480px-LocationGhana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Continent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic coordinates">Geographic coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Ghana&params=8_00_N_2_00_W_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.000°N 2.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.000; -2.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Area</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by area">Ranked 80th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">- Total</th><td class="infobox-data">238,533 square kilometres (92,098 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">- % water</th><td class="infobox-data">3.5% (8,520 square kilometres (3,290 sq mi))</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coastline</th><td class="infobox-data">539 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Afadja" title="Mount Afadja">Mount Afadja</a>, 885 m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, 0 m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longest river</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Volta_River" title="Volta River">Volta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest inland body of water</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Volta" title="Lake Volta">Lake Volta</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Land Use</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">- Arable land</th><td class="infobox-data">20.66 %</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">- Permanent crops</th><td class="infobox-data">11.87 %</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">- Other</th><td class="infobox-data">67.48% (2012)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Irrigated land</th><td class="infobox-data">309 square kilometres (119 sq mi) (2003)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">Tropical savanna</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon</a> in far southwest</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Natural resources</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_mineral" title="Industrial mineral">industrial minerals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a>, industrial <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Environmental issues</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overgrazing" title="Overgrazing">overgrazing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soil_erosion" title="Soil erosion">soil erosion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">water pollution</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghana_sat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ghana_sat.png/220px-Ghana_sat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ghana_sat.png/330px-Ghana_sat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ghana_sat.png/440px-Ghana_sat.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Ghana</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> is a <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West African</a> country in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a>. </p><p>Ghana encompasses <a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">plains</a>, low <a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">hills</a>, rivers, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Volta" title="Lake Volta">Lake Volta</a>, the world's largest artificial lake, <a href="/wiki/Dodi_Island" title="Dodi Island">Dodi Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bobowasi_Island" title="Bobowasi Island">Bobowasi Island</a> on the south <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> coast of Ghana. Ghana can be divided into four different geographical <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Coastline" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastline">coastline</a> is mostly a low, <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sandy</a> <a href="/wiki/Shore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shore">shore</a> backed by plains and <a href="/wiki/Shrubland" title="Shrubland">scrub</a> and intersected by several rivers and <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">streams</a>. The northern part of Ghana features high <a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">plains</a>. South-west and south-central Ghana is made up of a forested <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a> region consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Region" title="Ashanti Region">Ashanti</a> <a href="/wiki/Highland" title="Highland">uplands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kwahu_Plateau" title="Kwahu Plateau">Kwahu Plateau</a>. The hilly Akwapim-Togo <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">ranges</a> are found along Ghana's eastern <a href="/wiki/International_border" class="mw-redirect" title="International border">international border</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Volta_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Volta Basin">Volta Basin</a> takes up most of south-central Ghana and Ghana's highest point is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Afadja" title="Mount Afadja">Mount Afadja</a> which is 885 m (2,904 ft) and is found in the Akwapim-Togo <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">ranges</a>. The climate is <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dahomey_Gap" title="Dahomey Gap">eastern coastal belt</a> is warm and comparatively dry, the south-west corner of Ghana is hot and <a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humid</a>, and the north of Ghana is warm and wet. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Volta" title="Lake Volta">Lake Volta</a>, the world's largest artificial <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lake</a>, extends through small portions of south-eastern Ghana and many tributary rivers such as the <a href="/wiki/Oti_River" title="Oti River">Oti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afram_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Afram River">Afram</a> rivers flow into it. </p><p>The northernmost part of Ghana is Pulmakom and the southernmost part of Ghana is <a href="/wiki/Cape_Three_Points" title="Cape Three Points">Cape Three Points</a> near Axim. Ghana lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/4th_parallel_north" title="4th parallel north">4°</a> and <a href="/wiki/12th_parallel_north" title="12th parallel north">12°N</a>. South Ghana contains <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi-deciduous" title="Semi-deciduous">semi-deciduous</a> forests consisting of trees such as <a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">mahogany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milicia_excelsa" title="Milicia excelsa">odum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a> and it also contains much of Ghana's <a href="/wiki/Oil_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil palm">oil palms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mangroves" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangroves">mangroves</a> with <a href="/wiki/Shea_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Shea tree">shea trees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adansonia_digitata" title="Adansonia digitata">baobabs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acacias" class="mw-redirect" title="Acacias">acacias</a> found in the northern part of Ghana. Its southernmost coast at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Three_Points" title="Cape Three Points">Cape Three Points</a> is 4° 30' north of the equator.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From here, the country extends inland for some 670 kilometres (420 mi) to about <a href="/wiki/11th_parallel_north" title="11th parallel north">11° north</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distance across the widest part, between longitude 1° 12' east and longitude 3° 15' west, measures about 560 kilometres (350 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Meridian" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich Meridian">Greenwich Meridian</a>, which passes through London, also traverses the eastern part of Ghana at <a href="/wiki/Tema" title="Tema">Tema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Area_and_boundaries">Area and boundaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Area and boundaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Area</dt> <dd> <ul><li>Total: 238,537 km²<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><ul><li><i>country rank in the world:</i> 80th</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Land: 227,533 km²</li> <li>Water: 11,000 km²</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Area comparative</dt> <dd> <ul><li>Australia comparative: slightly larger than <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></li> <li>Canada comparative: slightly less than half the size of the <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a></li> <li>United Kingdom comparative: slightly smaller than the United Kingdom</li> <li>United States comparative: approximately twice the size of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> comparative: approximately equal in size to <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Land boundaries</dt></dl> <dl><dd><ul><li>total: 2,420 km</li> <li>border countries: <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> (602 km) to the north, <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> (720 km) to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> (1,098 km) to the east.</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terrain_of_Ghana">Terrain of Ghana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Terrain of Ghana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The terrain consists of desert mountains with the <a href="/wiki/Kwahu_Plateau" title="Kwahu Plateau">Kwahu Plateau</a> in the south-central area. Half of Ghana lies less than 152 meters (499 ft) above sea level, and the highest point is 883 meters (2,897 ft). The 537 kilometers (334 mi) coastline is mostly a low, sandy shore backed by plains and scrub and intersected by several rivers and streams, most of which are navigable only by <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoe</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rain_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical rain forest">tropical rain forest</a> belt, broken by heavily forested hills and many streams and rivers, extends northward from the shore, near the <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> frontier. This area, known as the "Ashanti," produces most of Ghana's <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerals">minerals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a>. North of this belt, the elevation varies from 91 to 396 meters (299 to 1,299 ft) above sea level and is covered by low bushes, park-like <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a>, and grassy plains. </p><p><b>Irrigated land:</b> <br /> 309 square kilometers (119 sq mi) (2003) </p><p><b>Total renewable water resources:</b> <br /> 53.2 cubic kilometers (13 cu mi) (2011) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_regions">Geographical regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geographical regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_GHA_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Koppen-Geiger_Map_GHA_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_GHA_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Koppen-Geiger_Map_GHA_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_GHA_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Koppen-Geiger_Map_GHA_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_GHA_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> map of Ghana.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghana_Topography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ghana_Topography.png/220px-Ghana_Topography.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ghana_Topography.png/330px-Ghana_Topography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ghana_Topography.png/440px-Ghana_Topography.png 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="931" /></a><figcaption>Ghana's topography.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ghana is characterized in general by low physical <a href="/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain">relief</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> rock system that underlies most of the nation has been worn down by erosion almost to a plain.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest elevation in Ghana, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Afadja" title="Mount Afadja">Mount Afadja</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Akwapim-Togo" class="mw-redirect" title="Akwapim-Togo">Akwapim-Togo</a> Ranges, rises 880 metres (2,890 ft) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are four distinct geographical regions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Low plains stretch across the southern part of Ghana. To their north lie three regions—the Ashanti Uplands, the Akwapim-Togo Ranges, and the Volta Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fourth region, the high plains, occupies the northern and northwestern sector of Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like most West African countries, Ghana has no natural harbours.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because strong surf pounds the shoreline, two artificial harbours were built at <a href="/wiki/Takoradi" class="mw-redirect" title="Takoradi">Takoradi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tema" title="Tema">Tema</a> (the latter completed in 1961) to accommodate Ghana's shipping needs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low_plains">Low plains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Low plains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volta_Region_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Volta_Region_Ghana.jpg/300px-Volta_Region_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Volta_Region_Ghana.jpg/450px-Volta_Region_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Volta_Region_Ghana.jpg/600px-Volta_Region_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The Akwapim-Togo Ranges.</figcaption></figure> <p>The low plains comprise the four subregions of the coastal savanna, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volta_Delta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volta Delta (page does not exist)">Volta Delta</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Accra_Plains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accra Plains (page does not exist)">Accra Plains</a>, and the Akan lowlands or peneplains.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A narrow strip of grassy and scrubby coast runs from a point near <a href="/wiki/Takoradi" class="mw-redirect" title="Takoradi">Takoradi</a> in the west to the <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> border in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This coastal savanna, only about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) in width at its western end, stretches eastward through the Accra Plains, where it widens to more than 80 kilometres (50 mi), and terminates at the southeastern corner of the country at the lower end of the Akwapim-Togo Ranges.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost flat and featureless, the Accra Plains descend gradually to the gulf from a height of about 150 metres (490 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The topography east of the city of Accra is marked by a succession of ridges and spoonshaped valleys.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hills and slopes in this area are the favoured lands for cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shifting_cultivation" title="Shifting cultivation">Shifting cultivation</a> is the usual agricultural practice because of the swampy nature of the very lowlying areas during the rainy seasons and the periodic blocking of the rivers at the coast by sandbars that form lagoons.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A plan to irrigate the Accra Plains was announced in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Should this plan come to reality, much of the area could be opened to large-scale cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the west of Accra, the low plains contain wider valleys and rounded low hills, with occasional rocky headlands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, however, the land is flat and covered with grass and scrub.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dense groves of <a href="/wiki/Coconut_palms" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut palms">coconut palms</a> front the coastline.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several commercial centres, including Winneba, Saltpond, and Cape Coast are located here. Winneba has a small livestock industry and palm tree cultivation is expanding in the area away from the coast, with the predominant occupation of the coastal inhabitants being fishing via dug-out canoe.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Volta Delta, which forms a distinct subregion of the low plains, extends into the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a> in the extreme southeast.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delta's rock formation—consisting of thick layers of <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> deposits—is flat, featureless, and relatively young.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the delta grew outward over the centuries, sandbars developed across the mouths of the Volta and smaller rivers that empty into the gulf in the same area, forming numerous lagoons, some quite large, making road construction difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To avoid the lowest-lying areas the road between Accra and Keta makes a detour inland just before reaching Ada, and approaches Keta from the east along the narrow spit on which the town stands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Road links with Keta continue to be a problem.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1989 it was estimated that more than 3,000 houses in the town had been swallowed by flooding from the lagoon.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 1,500 other houses were destroyed by erosion caused by the powerful waves of the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This flat, silt-composed delta region with its abundance of water supports <a href="/wiki/Shallot" title="Shallot">shallot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> cultivation in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sandy soil of the delta gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a> industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">Salt</a>-making, from the plentiful supply in the dried beds of the lagoons, provides additional employment.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main occupation of the delta people is fishing, an industry that supplies dried and salted fish to other parts of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest part of the low plains is the Akan Lowlands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some experts prefer to classify this region as a subdivision of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashanti_Uplands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashanti Uplands (page does not exist)">Ashanti Uplands</a> because of the many characteristics they share.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the uplands, the height of the Akan Lowlands is generally between sea level and 150 metres (490 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some ranges and hills rise to about 300 metres (980 ft), but few exceed 600 metres (2,000 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lowlands that lie to the south of the Ashanti Uplands receive the many rivers that make their way to the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Akan Lowlands contain the basins of the <a href="/wiki/Densu_River" title="Densu River">Densu River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pra_River_(Ghana)" title="Pra River (Ghana)">Pra River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ankobra_River" title="Ankobra River">Ankobra River</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tano_River" title="Tano River">Tano River</a>, all of which play important roles in the economy of Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Densu River Basin, location of the important urban centres of <a href="/wiki/Koforidua" title="Koforidua">Koforidua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nsawam" title="Nsawam">Nsawam</a> in the eastern lowlands, has an undulating topography.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the hills here have craggy summits, which give a striking appearance to the landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The upper section of the Pra River Basin, to the west of the Densu, is relatively flat.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The topography of its lower reaches resembles that of the Densu Basin and is a rich cocoa and food-producing region.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The valley of the Birim River, one of the main tributaries of the Pra, is Ghana's most important diamond-producing area.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ankobra River Basin and the middle and lower basins of the Tano River to the west of the lowlands form the largest subdivision of the Akan Lowlands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here annual rainfall between 1,500 and 2,150 millimetres (59 and 85 in) helps assure a dense forest cover.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to timber, the area is rich in minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tarkwa goldfield, the diamond operations of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonsa_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonsa Valley (page does not exist)">Bonsa Valley</a>, and high-grade manganese deposits are all found in this area.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The middle and lower Tano basins have been intensely explored for oil and natural gas since the mid-1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lower basins of the Pra, Birim, Densu, and Ankobra rivers are also sites for palm tree cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Comprising the Southern Ashanti Uplands and the Kwahu Plateau, the Ashanti Uplands lie just north of the Akan Lowlands and stretch from the Ivory Coast border in the west to the elevated edge of the Volta Basin in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stretching in a northwest-to-southeast direction, the Kwahu Plateau extends 193 kilometres (120 mi) between Koforidua in the east and Wenchi in the northwest.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average elevation of the plateau is about 450 metres (1,480 ft), rising to a maximum of 762 metres (2,500 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relatively cool temperatures of the plateau were attractive to Europeans, particularly missionaries, who founded many well-known schools and colleges in this region.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plateau forms one of the important physical divides in Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From its northeastern slopes, the Afram and Pru Rivers flow into the Volta River, while from the opposite side, the Pra, Birim, Ofin, Tano, and other rivers flow south toward the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plateau also marks the northernmost limit of the forest zone.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although large areas of the forest cover have been destroyed through farming, enough deciduous forest remains to shade the head waters of the rivers that flow from the plateau.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Southern Ashanti Uplands, extending from the foot of the Kwahu Plateau in the north to the lowlands in the south, slope gently from an elevation of about 300 metres (980 ft) in the north to about 150 metres (490 ft) in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region contains several hills and ranges as well as several towns of historical and economic importance, including <a href="/wiki/Kumasi" title="Kumasi">Kumasi</a>, Ghana's second largest city and former capital of the Asante.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Obuasi" title="Obuasi">Obuasi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konongo,_Ghana" title="Konongo, Ghana">Konongo</a>, two of the country's gold-mining centres, are also located here.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is Ghana's chief producer of cocoa, and its tropical forests continue to be a vital source of timber for the lumber industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volta_Basin">Volta Basin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Volta Basin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taking the central part of Ghana, the Volta Basin covers about 45 percent of the nation's total land surface.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its northern section, which lies above the upper part of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Volta" title="Lake Volta">Lake Volta</a>, rises to a height of 150 to 215 metres (492 to 705 ft) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elevations of the Konkori Scarp to the west and the Gambaga Scarp to the north reach from 300 to 460 metres (980 to 1,510 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the south and the southwest, the basin is less than 300 metres (980 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kwahu Plateau marks the southern end of the basin, and forms a natural part of the Ashanti Uplands. </p><p>The basin is characterized by poor soil, generally of Voltaian <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annual rainfall averages between 1,000 and 1,140 millimetres (39 and 45 in).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most widespread vegetation type is <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a>, the woodlands of which, depending on local soil and climatic conditions, may contain such trees as red ironwood and shea.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The basin's population, principally farmers, is low in density, especially in the central and northwestern areas of the basin, where tsetse flies are common.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archeological finds indicate that the region was once more heavily populated.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Periodic burning occurred over extensive areas for perhaps more than a millennium, exposing the soil to excessive drying and erosion, rendering the area less attractive to cultivators.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast with the rest of the region are the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afram_Plains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afram Plains (page does not exist)">Afram Plains</a>, located in the southeastern corner of the basin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here the terrain is low, averaging 60 to 150 metres (200 to 490 ft) in elevation, and annual rainfall is between 1,140 millimetres (45 in) and about 1,400 millimetres (55 in).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near the Afram River, much of the surrounding countryside is flooded or swampy during the rainy seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the creation of Lake Volta (8,500 square kilometres (3,300 sq mi) in area) in the mid-1960s, much of the Afram Plains was submerged.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the construction of roads to connect communities displaced by the lake, road transportation in the region remains poor.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renewed efforts to improve communications, to enhance agricultural production, and to improve standards of living began in earnest in the mid-1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volta_lake_from_the_Saint_Barbara_Church.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama and landscape view of Lake Volta in Volta Basin and Eastern Region of Ghana. Lake Volta by artificial surface area is the largest reservoir and lake in the world. Lake Volta drains into the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. Volta River has three main tributaries—the Black Volta, White Volta and Red Volta."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Volta_lake_from_the_Saint_Barbara_Church.JPG/900px-Volta_lake_from_the_Saint_Barbara_Church.JPG" decoding="async" width="900" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Volta_lake_from_the_Saint_Barbara_Church.JPG/1350px-Volta_lake_from_the_Saint_Barbara_Church.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Volta_lake_from_the_Saint_Barbara_Church.JPG/1800px-Volta_lake_from_the_Saint_Barbara_Church.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="1332" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Volta_lake_from_the_Saint_Barbara_Church.JPG" title="File:Volta lake from the Saint Barbara Church.JPG"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Panorama" title="Panorama">Panorama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Landscape" title="Landscape">landscape</a> view of Lake Volta in <a href="/wiki/Volta_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Volta Basin">Volta Basin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Region,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Region, Ghana">Eastern Region</a> of Ghana. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Volta" title="Lake Volta">Lake Volta</a> by artificial surface area is the largest <a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">reservoir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lake</a> in the world. Lake Volta <a href="/wiki/Drainage" title="Drainage">drains</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. <a href="/wiki/Volta_River" title="Volta River">Volta River</a> has three main tributaries—the <a href="/wiki/Black_Volta" title="Black Volta">Black Volta</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_Volta" title="White Volta">White Volta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Volta" title="Red Volta">Red Volta</a>.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_plains">High plains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: High plains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The general terrain in the northern and northwestern part of Ghana outside the Volta Basin consists of a dissected plateau, which averages between 150 and 300 metres (490 and 980 ft) in elevation and, in some places, is even higher.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rainfall averages between 1,000 and 1,150 millimetres (39 and 45 in) annually, although in the northwest it is closer to 1,350 millimetres (53 in).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soils in the high plains are more arable than those in the Volta Basin, and the population density is considerably higher.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grain and cattle production are the major economic activities in the high plains of the northern region.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the mid-1980s, when former United States President Jimmy Carter's Global 2000 program adopted Ghana as one of a select number of African countries whose local farmers were to be educated and financially supported to improve agricultural production, there has been a dramatic increase in grain production in northern Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The virtual absence of tsetse flies in the region has led to increased livestock raising as a major occupation in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is Ghana's largest producer of cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rivers_and_lakes">Rivers and lakes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rivers and lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ghana" title="List of rivers of Ghana">Rivers in Ghana</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Volta_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Lake_Volta_Ghana.jpg/200px-Lake_Volta_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Lake_Volta_Ghana.jpg/300px-Lake_Volta_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Lake_Volta_Ghana.jpg/400px-Lake_Volta_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Lake Volta</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Bosumtwi1,_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lake_Bosumtwi1%2C_Ghana.jpg/200px-Lake_Bosumtwi1%2C_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lake_Bosumtwi1%2C_Ghana.jpg/300px-Lake_Bosumtwi1%2C_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lake_Bosumtwi1%2C_Ghana.jpg/400px-Lake_Bosumtwi1%2C_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption>Lake Bosumtwi</figcaption></figure> <p>Ghana is drained by a large number of streams and rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, there are a number of coastal lagoons, the huge man-made <a href="/wiki/Lake_Volta" title="Lake Volta">Lake Volta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Bosumtwi" title="Lake Bosumtwi">Lake Bosumtwi</a>, southeast of <a href="/wiki/Kumasi" title="Kumasi">Kumasi</a>, which has no outlet to the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wetter south and southwest areas of Ghana, the river and stream pattern is denser, but in the area north of the <a href="/wiki/Kwahu_Plateau" title="Kwahu Plateau">Kwahu Plateau</a>, the pattern is much more open, making access to water more difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several streams and rivers also dry up or experience reduced flow during the dry seasons of the year, while flooding during the rainy seasons is common.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major drainage divide runs from the southwest part of the Akwapim-Togo Ranges northwest through the Kwahu Plateau and then irregularly westward to the Ivory Coast border.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost all the rivers and streams north of this divide form part of the Volta system.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extending about 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) in length and draining an area of about 388,000 square kilometres (150,000 sq mi), of which about 158,000 square kilometres (61,000 sq mi) lie within Ghana, the Volta and its tributaries, such as the <a href="/wiki/Afram_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Afram River">Afram River</a> and the Oti River, drain more than two thirds of Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the south of the divide are several smaller, independent rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most important of these are the Pra River, the Tano River, the Ankobra River, the <a href="/wiki/Birim_River" title="Birim River">Birim River</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Densu_River" title="Densu River">Densu River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the exception of smaller streams that dry up in the dry seasons or rivers that empty into inland lakes, all the major rivers in Ghana flow into the Gulf of Guinea directly or as tributaries to other major rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ankobra and Tano are navigable for considerable distances in their lower reaches.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Volta,_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lake_Volta%2C_Ghana.jpg/250px-Lake_Volta%2C_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lake_Volta%2C_Ghana.jpg/375px-Lake_Volta%2C_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lake_Volta%2C_Ghana.jpg/500px-Lake_Volta%2C_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Volta" title="Lake Volta">Lake Volta</a> is the world's largest artificially created lake.</figcaption></figure> <p>Navigation on the Volta River has changed significantly since 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the dam at Akosombo, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) upstream from the coast, created the vast Lake Volta and the associated hydroelectric project.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arms of the lake extended into the lower-lying areas, forcing the relocation of 78,000 people to newly created townships on the lake's higher banks.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Black Volta River and the White Volta River flow separately into the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before their confluence was submerged, the rivers came together in the middle of Ghana to form the main Volta River.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Oti River and the Daka River, the principal tributaries of the Volta in the eastern part of Ghana, and the Pru River, the Sene River, and the Afram River, major tributaries to the north of the Kawhu Plateau, also empty into flooded extensions of the lake in their river valleys.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lake Volta is a rich source of fish, and its potential as a source for irrigation is reflected in an agricultural mechanization agreement signed in the late 1980s to irrigate the Afram Plains.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lake is navigable from Akosombo through Yeji in the middle of Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 24-metre (79 ft) <a href="/wiki/Pontoon_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontoon (boat)">pontoon</a> was commissioned in 1989 to link the Afram Plains to the west of the lake with the lower Volta region to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hydroelectricity generated from Akosombo supplies Ghana, Togo, and Benin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other side of the Kwahu Plateau from Lake Volta are several river systems, including the Pra, Ankobra, Tano and Densu.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pra is the easternmost and the largest of the three principal rivers that drain the area south of the Volta divide.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rising south of the Kwahu Plateau and flowing southward, the Pra enters the Gulf of Guinea east of Takoradi.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early part of the twentieth century, the Pra was used extensively to float timber to the coast for export.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This trade is now carried by road and rail transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ankobra, which flows to the west of the Pra, has a relatively small drainage basin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It rises in the hilly region of <a href="/wiki/Bibiani" title="Bibiani">Bibiani</a> and flows in a southerly direction to enter the gulf just west of <a href="/wiki/Axim" title="Axim">Axim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small craft can navigate approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) inland from its mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At one time, the Ankobra helped transport machinery to the gold-mining areas in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Tarkwa" title="Tarkwa">Tarkwa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tano, which is the westernmost of the three rivers, rises near <a href="/wiki/Techiman" title="Techiman">Techiman</a> in the centre of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also flows in a southerly direction, and it empties into a lagoon in the southeast corner of Ivory Coast.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Navigation by steam launch is possible on the southern sector of the Tano for about 70 kilometres (43 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of rivers are found to the east of the Pra.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two most important are the Densu and Ayensu, both of which rise in the <a href="/wiki/Atewa_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Atewa Range">Atewa Range</a>, and which are important as sources of water for <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winneba" title="Winneba">Winneba</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country has one large natural lake, Lake Bosumtwi, located about 32 kilometres (20 mi) southeast of Kumasi.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It occupies the steep-sided meteoric crater and has an area of about 47 square kilometres (18 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of small streams flow into Lake Bosumtwi, but there is no drainage from it.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from providing an opportunity for fishing for local inhabitants, the lake serves as a tourist attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ghana" title="Climate of Ghana">Climate of Ghana</a></div> <p>The country's warm, humid climate has an annual mean temperature between 26 and 29 °C (79 and 84 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variations in the principal elements of temperature, rainfall, and humidity that govern the climate are influenced by the movement and interaction of the dry tropical continental air mass, or the harmattan, which blows from the northeast across the Sahara, and the opposing tropical maritime or moist equatorial system.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cycle of the seasons follows the apparent movement of the sun back and forth across the equator.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flooding_Accra_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flooding_Accra_8.jpg/220px-Flooding_Accra_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flooding_Accra_8.jpg/330px-Flooding_Accra_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flooding_Accra_8.jpg/440px-Flooding_Accra_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Accra_Flooding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Accra_Flooding.jpg/220px-Accra_Flooding.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Accra_Flooding.jpg/330px-Accra_Flooding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Accra_Flooding.jpg/440px-Accra_Flooding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Part of Accra was flooded during rainy season</figcaption></figure>Most part of Accra mostly flooded during rainy season causing environmental crisis in Ghana</figcaption></figure> <p>During summer in the northern hemisphere, a warm and moist maritime air mass intensifies and pushes northward across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A low-pressure belt, or intertropical front, in the airmass brings warm air, rain, and prevailing winds from the southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the sun returns south across the equator, the dry, dusty, tropical continental front, or harmattan, prevails.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Climatic conditions across the country are hardly uniform.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kwahu Plateau, which marks the northernmost extent of the forest area, also serves as an important climatic divide.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To its north, two distinct seasons occur.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The harmattan season, with its dry, hot days and relatively cool nights from November to late March or April, is followed by a wet period that reaches its peak in late August or September.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the south and southwest of the Kwahu Plateau, where the annual mean rainfall from north to south ranges from 1,250 to 2,150 millimetres (49 to 85 in), four separate seasons occur.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy rains fall from about April through late June.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a relatively short dry period in August, another rainy season begins in September and lasts through November, before the longer harmattan season sets in to complete the cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The extent of drought and rainfall varies across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the south of the Kwahu Plateau, the heaviest rains occur in the Axim area in the southwest corner of Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farther to the north, Kumasi receives an average annual rainfall of about 1,400 millimetres (55 in), while Tamale in the drier northern savanna receives rainfall of 1,000 millimetres (39 in) per year.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Takoradi eastward to the Accra Plains, including the lower Volta region, rainfall averages only 750 to 1,000 millimetres (30 to 39 in) a year.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Temperatures are usually high at all times of the year throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At higher elevations, temperatures are more comfortable.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the far north, temperature highs of 31 °C (88 °F) are common.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The southern part of the country is characterized by generally humid conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is particularly so during the night, when 95 to 100 percent humidity is possible.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humid conditions also prevail in the northern section of the country during the rainy season.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the harmattan season, however, humidity drops as low as 25 percent in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_hazards">Natural hazards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Natural hazards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dry, dusty, <a href="/wiki/Harmattan" title="Harmattan">harmattan</a> winds occur from January to March. Ghana is also prone to <a href="/wiki/Droughts" class="mw-redirect" title="Droughts">droughts</a>, and was severely affected by <a href="/wiki/Floods" class="mw-redirect" title="Floods">floods</a> in 2007 and 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erosion_pollution_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Erosion_pollution_2.jpg/220px-Erosion_pollution_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Erosion_pollution_2.jpg/330px-Erosion_pollution_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Erosion_pollution_2.jpg/440px-Erosion_pollution_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Erosion taken over Kasoa highway after downpour in Ghana</figcaption></figure> <p>Environmental issues include recurrent drought in the north, severely affecting agricultural activities, <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, overgrazing, <a href="/wiki/Soil_erosion" title="Soil erosion">soil erosion</a>, poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations, water pollution, and inadequate supplies of potable water </p><p><b>International agreements (ratified):</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">Climate Change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species">Endangered Species</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Modification_Convention" title="Environmental Modification Convention">Environmental Modification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of the Sea">Law of the Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozone_Layer_Protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozone Layer Protection">Ozone Layer Protection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ship_Pollution" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship Pollution">Ship Pollution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Timber_83" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Timber 83">Tropical Timber 83</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Timber_94" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Timber 94">Tropical Timber 94</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wetlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetlands">Wetlands</a>. </p><p><b> International agreements (signed, but not ratified)</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marine_Life_Conservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Life Conservation">Marine Life Conservation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other">Other</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:448px;max-width:448px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg/220px-Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg/330px-Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg/440px-Beach_with_palms_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg/220px-VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg/330px-VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg/440px-VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Left: A beach in Ghana. Right: <a href="/wiki/Lake_Volta" title="Lake Volta">Lake Volta</a>, largest reservoir in the world, extending from the <a href="/wiki/Akosombo_Dam" title="Akosombo Dam">Akosombo Dam</a> in southeastern Ghana to the town of <a href="/wiki/Yapei" title="Yapei">Yapei</a>, some 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the north. The lake generates electricity, provides inland transport, and is a potentially valuable resource for irrigation and fish farming</div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Volta_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Volta Lake">Volta Lake</a>, the largest artificial lake in the world, extends from the <a href="/wiki/Akosombo_Dam" title="Akosombo Dam">Akosombo Dam</a> in southeastern Ghana to the town of Yapei, 520 kilometers (323 mi) to the north. The lake generates <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a>, provides <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation in Ghana">inland transportation</a>, and is a potentially valuable resource for <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">fish farming</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> has a large and well-preserved national park system that includes <a href="/wiki/Kakum_National_Park" title="Kakum National Park">Kakum National Park</a> in the Central Region, <a href="/wiki/Mole_National_Park" title="Mole National Park">Mole National Park</a> in the Northern Region, <a href="/wiki/Digya_National_Park" title="Digya National Park">Digya National Park</a> along the western bank of the <a href="/wiki/Volta_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Volta Lake">Volta Lake</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extreme_points">Extreme points</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Extreme points"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a list of the extreme points of <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location. </p> <ul><li>Northernmost point – the point at which the border with <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> enters the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morbira_river&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morbira river (page does not exist)">Morbira river</a> immediately south of the Burkinabè village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanhir%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanhiré (page does not exist)">Kanhiré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Region" title="Upper East Region">Upper East Region</a></li> <li>Easternmost point – the southernmost section of the border with <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volta_Region" title="Volta Region">Volta Region</a>*</li> <li>Southernmost point – <a href="/wiki/Cape_Three_Points" title="Cape Three Points">Cape Three Points</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Region_(Ghana)" title="Western Region (Ghana)">Western Region</a></li> <li>Westernmost point - the point where the border with <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> enters the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manzan_river&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manzan river (page does not exist)">Manzan river</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Region_(Ghana)" title="Western Region (Ghana)">Western Region</a> <ul><li><i>Note: Ghana does not have an easternmost point, the border at this section being defined along the line of longitude at 1°12'05.73"E<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Landscapes and climates of Ghana</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 271.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 269.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tropical_Luxury_Resort,_Coast_of_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tropical climate in the Greater Accra region"><img alt="Tropical climate in the Greater Accra region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tropical_Luxury_Resort%2C_Coast_of_Ghana.jpg/404px-Tropical_Luxury_Resort%2C_Coast_of_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tropical_Luxury_Resort%2C_Coast_of_Ghana.jpg/607px-Tropical_Luxury_Resort%2C_Coast_of_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tropical_Luxury_Resort%2C_Coast_of_Ghana.jpg/809px-Tropical_Luxury_Resort%2C_Coast_of_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">Tropical climate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Accra_Region" title="Greater Accra Region">Greater Accra region</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 273.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 271.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Savanna,_North_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Semi-arid climate of the Upper West region and Upper East region"><img alt="Semi-arid climate of the Upper West region and Upper East region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Savanna%2C_North_Ghana.jpg/407px-Savanna%2C_North_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Savanna%2C_North_Ghana.jpg/610px-Savanna%2C_North_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Savanna%2C_North_Ghana.jpg/813px-Savanna%2C_North_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">Semi-arid climate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Region" title="Upper West Region">Upper West region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Region" title="Upper East Region">Upper East region</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Busua_-_Seashore,_Western_region,_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seashores and lagoons of the Western region"><img alt="Seashores and lagoons of the Western region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Busua_-_Seashore%2C_Western_region%2C_Ghana.jpg/360px-Busua_-_Seashore%2C_Western_region%2C_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Busua_-_Seashore%2C_Western_region%2C_Ghana.jpg/540px-Busua_-_Seashore%2C_Western_region%2C_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Busua_-_Seashore%2C_Western_region%2C_Ghana.jpg/720px-Busua_-_Seashore%2C_Western_region%2C_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shore">Seashores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoons</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Region,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Region, Ghana">Western region</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 254.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 252.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Savanna_landscape,_Northern_region,_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tropical savanna climate and safaris of the Northern Region"><img alt="Tropical savanna climate and safaris of the Northern Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Savanna_landscape%2C_Northern_region%2C_Ghana.jpg/379px-Savanna_landscape%2C_Northern_region%2C_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="253" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Savanna_landscape%2C_Northern_region%2C_Ghana.jpg/568px-Savanna_landscape%2C_Northern_region%2C_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Savanna_landscape%2C_Northern_region%2C_Ghana.jpg/757px-Savanna_landscape%2C_Northern_region%2C_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1827" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">Tropical savanna climate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">safaris</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Region, Ghana">Northern Region</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 284.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 282.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Resort,_Ghana_Coastline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reefs and resorts in the Greater Accra region Capital of Ghana"><img alt="Reefs and resorts in the Greater Accra region Capital of Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Resort%2C_Ghana_Coastline.jpg/424px-Resort%2C_Ghana_Coastline.jpg" decoding="async" width="283" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Resort%2C_Ghana_Coastline.jpg/637px-Resort%2C_Ghana_Coastline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Resort%2C_Ghana_Coastline.jpg/849px-Resort%2C_Ghana_Coastline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1273" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">Reefs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resort" title="Resort">resorts</a> in the Greater Accra region Capital of Ghana</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 103.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kintampo_waterfalls.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kintampo Waterfalls of the Brong-Ahafo region"><img alt="Kintampo Waterfalls of the Brong-Ahafo region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kintampo_waterfalls.jpg/152px-Kintampo_waterfalls.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kintampo_waterfalls.jpg/228px-Kintampo_waterfalls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kintampo_waterfalls.jpg/304px-Kintampo_waterfalls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kintampo_waterfalls" title="Kintampo waterfalls">Kintampo Waterfalls</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Brong-Ahafo_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Brong-Ahafo Region">Brong-Ahafo region</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountains_of_Volta_region.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Humid subtropical climate and mountains of the Volta region"><img alt="Humid subtropical climate and mountains of the Volta region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mountains_of_Volta_region.jpg/361px-Mountains_of_Volta_region.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mountains_of_Volta_region.jpg/542px-Mountains_of_Volta_region.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mountains_of_Volta_region.jpg/722px-Mountains_of_Volta_region.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2532" data-file-height="1893" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">Humid subtropical climate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountains</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Volta_Region" title="Volta Region">Volta region</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wli_Lower_Fall-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Springs and waterfalls in the Volta region"><img alt="Springs and waterfalls in the Volta region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wli_Lower_Fall-4.jpg/202px-Wli_Lower_Fall-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wli_Lower_Fall-4.jpg/304px-Wli_Lower_Fall-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wli_Lower_Fall-4.jpg/405px-Wli_Lower_Fall-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">Springs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">waterfalls</a> in the Volta region</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Forests_and_Woodlands,_Ashanti_region,_South_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tropical rainforest climate; forests and woodlands in the Ashanti region"><img alt="Tropical rainforest climate; forests and woodlands in the Ashanti region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Forests_and_Woodlands%2C_Ashanti_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg/406px-Forests_and_Woodlands%2C_Ashanti_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="271" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Forests_and_Woodlands%2C_Ashanti_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg/609px-Forests_and_Woodlands%2C_Ashanti_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Forests_and_Woodlands%2C_Ashanti_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg/812px-Forests_and_Woodlands%2C_Ashanti_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">Tropical rainforest climate</a>; <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woodland" title="Woodland">woodlands</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Region" title="Ashanti Region">Ashanti region</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 249.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 247.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wetland_and_Western_Reef_Heron,_Greater_Accra_region,_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wetlands and western reef herons in the Greater Accra region"><img alt="Wetlands and western reef herons in the Greater Accra region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wetland_and_Western_Reef_Heron%2C_Greater_Accra_region%2C_Ghana.jpg/371px-Wetland_and_Western_Reef_Heron%2C_Greater_Accra_region%2C_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wetland_and_Western_Reef_Heron%2C_Greater_Accra_region%2C_Ghana.jpg/557px-Wetland_and_Western_Reef_Heron%2C_Greater_Accra_region%2C_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wetland_and_Western_Reef_Heron%2C_Greater_Accra_region%2C_Ghana.jpg/742px-Wetland_and_Western_Reef_Heron%2C_Greater_Accra_region%2C_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2353" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">Wetlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_reef_heron" title="Western reef heron">western reef herons</a> in the Greater Accra region</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 246px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 244px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sea_Coastline_and_Beach,_Central_region,_South_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tropical monsoon climate; coastlines and beaches of the Central region"><img alt="Tropical monsoon climate; coastlines and beaches of the Central region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sea_Coastline_and_Beach%2C_Central_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg/366px-Sea_Coastline_and_Beach%2C_Central_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="244" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sea_Coastline_and_Beach%2C_Central_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg/548px-Sea_Coastline_and_Beach%2C_Central_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sea_Coastline_and_Beach%2C_Central_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg/731px-Sea_Coastline_and_Beach%2C_Central_region%2C_South_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2532" data-file-height="1871" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">Tropical monsoon climate</a>; <a href="/wiki/Coastline" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastline">coastlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">beaches</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Region,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Region, Ghana">Central region</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 362px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 360px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Untouched_pool_in_Ankasa_-_Ghana_14_IMG_0830_(16010557179).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tropical evergreen rainforest at Ankasa, Western Region, Ghana"><img alt="Tropical evergreen rainforest at Ankasa, Western Region, Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Untouched_pool_in_Ankasa_-_Ghana_14_IMG_0830_%2816010557179%29.jpg/540px-Untouched_pool_in_Ankasa_-_Ghana_14_IMG_0830_%2816010557179%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Untouched_pool_in_Ankasa_-_Ghana_14_IMG_0830_%2816010557179%29.jpg/810px-Untouched_pool_in_Ankasa_-_Ghana_14_IMG_0830_%2816010557179%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Untouched_pool_in_Ankasa_-_Ghana_14_IMG_0830_%2816010557179%29.jpg/1080px-Untouched_pool_in_Ankasa_-_Ghana_14_IMG_0830_%2816010557179%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tropical evergreen rainforest at Ankasa, <a href="/wiki/Western_Region,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Region, Ghana">Western Region, Ghana</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Ghana" title="Geology of Ghana">Geology of Ghana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-57"><sup><i><b>bf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-58"><sup><i><b>bg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-59"><sup><i><b>bh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-60"><sup><i><b>bi</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-61"><sup><i><b>bj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-62"><sup><i><b>bk</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-63"><sup><i><b>bl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-64"><sup><i><b>bm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-65"><sup><i><b>bn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-66"><sup><i><b>bo</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-67"><sup><i><b>bp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-68"><sup><i><b>bq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-69"><sup><i><b>br</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-70"><sup><i><b>bs</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-71"><sup><i><b>bt</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-72"><sup><i><b>bu</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-73"><sup><i><b>bv</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-74"><sup><i><b>bw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-75"><sup><i><b>bx</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-76"><sup><i><b>by</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-77"><sup><i><b>bz</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-78"><sup><i><b>ca</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-79"><sup><i><b>cb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-80"><sup><i><b>cc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-81"><sup><i><b>cd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-82"><sup><i><b>ce</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-83"><sup><i><b>cf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-84"><sup><i><b>cg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-85"><sup><i><b>ch</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-86"><sup><i><b>ci</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-87"><sup><i><b>cj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-88"><sup><i><b>ck</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-89"><sup><i><b>cl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-90"><sup><i><b>cm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-91"><sup><i><b>cn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-92"><sup><i><b>co</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-93"><sup><i><b>cp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-94"><sup><i><b>cq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-95"><sup><i><b>cr</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-96"><sup><i><b>cs</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-97"><sup><i><b>ct</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-98"><sup><i><b>cu</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-99"><sup><i><b>cv</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-100"><sup><i><b>cw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-101"><sup><i><b>cx</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-102"><sup><i><b>cy</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-103"><sup><i><b>cz</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-104"><sup><i><b>da</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-105"><sup><i><b>db</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-106"><sup><i><b>dc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-107"><sup><i><b>dd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-108"><sup><i><b>de</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-109"><sup><i><b>df</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-110"><sup><i><b>dg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-111"><sup><i><b>dh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-112"><sup><i><b>di</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-113"><sup><i><b>dj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-114"><sup><i><b>dk</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-115"><sup><i><b>dl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-116"><sup><i><b>dm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-117"><sup><i><b>dn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-118"><sup><i><b>do</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-119"><sup><i><b>dp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-120"><sup><i><b>dq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-121"><sup><i><b>dr</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-122"><sup><i><b>ds</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-123"><sup><i><b>dt</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-124"><sup><i><b>du</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-125"><sup><i><b>dv</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOwusu-Ansah1995" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Owusu-Ansah, David (1995). Berry, LaVerle (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/95018891/"><i>Ghana: a country study</i></a> (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. pp. 62–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8444-0835-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8444-0835-2"><bdi>0-8444-0835-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32508385">32508385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ghana%3A+a+country+study&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=62-72&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32508385&rft.isbn=0-8444-0835-2&rft.aulast=Owusu-Ansah&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F95018891%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Ghana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ghana/">"Ghana"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. August 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Ghana&rft.date=2021-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fghana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Ghana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwusu-Ansah1995" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Owusu-Ansah, David (1995). Berry, LaVerle (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/95018891/"><i>Ghana: a country study</i></a> (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. pp. 72–73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8444-0835-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8444-0835-2"><bdi>0-8444-0835-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32508385">32508385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ghana%3A+a+country+study&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=72-73&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32508385&rft.isbn=0-8444-0835-2&rft.aulast=Owusu-Ansah&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F95018891%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Ghana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heavy floods caused loss of life and widespread damage in 2007 and 2009. See also <a href="/wiki/2007_African_floods#Ghana" title="2007 African floods">2007 African floods#Ghana</a> and <a href="/wiki/2009_West_Africa_floods#Ghana" title="2009 West Africa floods">2009 West Africa floods</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813095841/http://archive.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS126.pdf">International Boundary Study, "Ghana Togo Boundary"</a>, No.126, 6 September 1972</span> </li> </ol></div></div><p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Ghana" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Ghana">Wikimedia Atlas of Ghana</a></p><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ghana_topics" title="Template:Ghana topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ghana_topics" title="Template talk:Ghana topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ghana_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ghana topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ghana_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ghana-related_articles" title="Index of Ghana-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ghana" title="History of Ghana">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Ghanaian_history" title="Timeline of Ghanaian history">Historical timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Ghana" title="Early history of Ghana">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bono_state" title="Bono state">Bono state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Empire">Ashanti Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumah_government" title="Nkrumah government">First Republic (1960–1966)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Council" title="National Liberation Council">National Liberation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Abrefa_Busia" title="Kofi Abrefa Busia">Kofi Busia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Kutu_Acheampong" title="Ignatius Kutu Acheampong">Ignatius Kutu Acheampong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Revolutionary_Council,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, Ghana">Armed Forces Revolutionary Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilla_Limann" title="Hilla Limann">Hilla Limann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_National_Defence_Council" title="Provisional National Defence Council">Provisional National Defence Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings" title="Jerry Rawlings">Jerry Rawlings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kufuor" title="John Kufuor">John Kufuor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Atta_Mills" title="John Atta Mills">John Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">John Mahama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Akufo-Addo" title="Nana Akufo-Addo">Nana Akufo-Addo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Ghana" title="Economic history of Ghana">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_Ghana" title="Political history of Ghana">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Ghana" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Ghana">Postal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Ghana" title="Template:Borders of Ghana">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ghana" title="List of cities in Ghana">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ghana" title="Climate of Ghana">Climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Ghana" title="Climate change in Ghana">Climate change</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forests_of_Ghana" title="Category:Forests of Ghana">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Ghana" title="Category:Mountains of Ghana">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Ghana" title="List of national parks of Ghana">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_Ghana" title="Category:Protected areas of Ghana">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ghana" title="List of rivers of Ghana">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Ghana">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ghana" title="Politics of Ghana">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ghana" title="Administrative divisions of Ghana">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ghana" title="Constitution of Ghana">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ghana" title="Cabinet of Ghana">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ghana" title="Elections in Ghana">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ghana" title="Foreign relations of Ghana">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ghana" title="Government of Ghana">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ghana" title="Human rights in Ghana">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Ghana">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Ghana" title="Judiciary of Ghana">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Ghana" title="Law enforcement in Ghana">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Armed_Forces" title="Ghana Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ghana" title="List of political parties in Ghana">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ghana" title="Parliament of Ghana">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ghana" title="President of Ghana">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ghana" title="Prime Minister of Ghana">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ghana" title="Economy of Ghana">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Ghana" title="Agriculture in Ghana">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cedi" title="Ghanaian cedi">Cedi (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ghana" title="Bank of Ghana">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Ghana" title="Electricity sector in Ghana">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Ghana">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Ghana" title="Trade unions in Ghana">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Ghana" title="Manufacturing in Ghana">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Ghana" title="Mining industry of Ghana">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Ghana" title="Oil reserves in Ghana">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Stock_Exchange" title="Ghana Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ghana" title="Telecommunications in Ghana">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ghana" title="Tourism in Ghana">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ghana" title="Transport in Ghana">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Ghana" title="Water supply and sanitation in Ghana">Water and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Ghana" title="Category:Society of Ghana">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Ghana" title="Abortion in Ghana">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Ghana" title="Crime in Ghana">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybercrime_in_Ghana" title="Cybercrime in Ghana">Cybercrime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ghana" title="Demographics of Ghana">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_Ghana" title="Discrimination in Ghana">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Ghana" title="Domestic violence in Ghana">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ghana" title="Education in Ghana">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Ghana" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Ghana">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Ghana" title="Health in Ghana">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Ghana" title="Human trafficking in Ghana">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_Ghana" title="Illegal immigration to Ghana">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ghana" title="Languages of Ghana">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mob_justice_in_Ghana" title="Mob justice in Ghana">Mob justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Ghana" title="Polygamy in Ghana">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Ghana" title="Prostitution in Ghana">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Ghana" title="Street children in Ghana">Street children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Ghana" title="Squatting in Ghana">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ghana" title="Women in Ghana">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ghana" title="Culture of Ghana">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%27s_material_cultural_heritage" title="Ghana's material cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghanaian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Ghana">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ghana" title="Music of Ghana">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Bless_Our_Homeland_Ghana" title="God Bless Our Homeland Ghana">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pledge_Of_Ghana" title="National Pledge Of Ghana">National pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Ghana" title="Public holidays in Ghana">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Ghana" title="Sports in Ghana">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conduct_in_Ghana" title="Social conduct in Ghana">Social conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Ghana" title="Video games in Ghana">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Ghana" title="Witchcraft in Ghana">Witchcraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ghana" title="Outline of Ghana">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ghana-related_articles" title="Index of Ghana-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Ghana#Further_reading" title="Ghana">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ghana" title="Category:Ghana">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Africa" title="Template:Geography of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Geography of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Africa" title="Geography of Africa">Geography of Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Algeria" title="Geography of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Angola" title="Geography of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Benin" title="Geography of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Botswana" title="Geography of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Geography of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Burundi" title="Geography of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cameroon" title="Geography of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cape_Verde" title="Geography of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Geography of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Chad" title="Geography of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Comoros" title="Geography of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Geography of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Geography of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Djibouti" title="Geography of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Egypt" title="Geography of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Geography of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Eritrea" title="Geography of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Eswatini" title="Geography of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ethiopia" title="Geography of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gabon" title="Geography of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Gambia" title="Geography of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guinea" title="Geography of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Geography of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Geography of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kenya" title="Geography of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lesotho" title="Geography of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Liberia" title="Geography of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Libya" title="Geography of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Madagascar" title="Geography of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malawi" title="Geography of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mali" title="Geography of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mauritania" title="Geography of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mauritius" title="Geography of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Morocco" title="Geography of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mozambique" title="Geography of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Namibia" title="Geography of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Niger" title="Geography of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nigeria" title="Geography of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Rwanda" title="Geography of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Geography of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Senegal" title="Geography of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Seychelles" title="Geography of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Geography of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Somalia" title="Geography of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Africa" title="Geography of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Sudan" title="Geography of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sudan" title="Geography of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tanzania" title="Geography of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Togo" title="Geography of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tunisia" title="Geography of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Uganda" title="Geography of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Zambia" title="Geography of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Zimbabwe" title="Geography of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Somaliland" title="Geography of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Ceuta">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Melilla">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mayotte" title="Geography of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Geography of Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saint_Helena" title="Geography of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Geography of Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Western_Sahara" title="Geography of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&oldid=1216282171">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Ghana&oldid=1216282171</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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