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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Session 4 Caring for Paper Collections — NEDCC</title> <base href="https://www.nedcc.org/"> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content=" " /> <meta property="og:description" content="     Anyone caring for paper-based cultural collections realizes that many of them become..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nedcc.org/preservation101/session-4" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Northeast Document Conservation Center" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https:/www.nedcc.org/assets/media/images/header_images/Header-Pres101-new.jpg" /> <meta name="description" content="The Northeast Document Conservation Center specializes in paper and book conservation. NEDCC performs conservation treatment for photographs, books, prints, documents, maps, and globes. NEDCC’s professional conservators also treat architectural plans, parchment, papyrus, wallpaper, and works of art on paper including charcoal drawings and watercolor paintings. NEDCC performs digital imaging on rare, fragile, or oversize cultural heritage collections. The Audio Preservation department offers digitization of audio media using traditional and optical-scanning technologies. NEDCC serves libraries, museums, archives, historical societies, and corporate archives. NEDCC offers preservation advice to family collectors, art collectors, book collectors. Preservation training is one of NEDCC’s strengths – workshops, webinars, and conferences are taught on caring for paper and book collections, digital curation, metadata, photograph care and identification, and multimedia, audio and video."> <meta name="keywords" content="document preservation, photograph conservation, paper conservation, map, architectural plan, parchment, papyrus, book, bound volume, scrapbook, manuscript, audio preservation, wax cylinder, magnetic tape, digital tape, digitization, digital imaging, town clerks, county clerks, municipal clerks, archive, library, museum, historical society, preservation training, preservation assessments"> <meta name="norton-safeweb-site-verification" content="tmipjym-nfpc5pqhpgg17b42m3sfdeeho3igmd4znxarhbbb1lm52e6bh2xzeg6od85rk0hvghjzqrd61dmg-fxr-hb3vsfas8v8cm5jnsn6nsku3jsfn7n6gu9-j45f" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jquery-ui.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" 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Services</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/book-conservation/resources" >Resources</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/paper-conservation-at-nedcc/" >Paper <br>Conservation</a><ul><li class="first"><a href="/paper-conservation-at-nedcc/about" >About</a></li><li><a href="/paper-conservation-at-nedcc/working-with-conservation-for-cultural-institutions" >Working with Conservation for Cultural Institutions and Government Agencies</a></li><li><a href="/paper-conservation-at-nedcc/working-with-conservation-for-private-and-family-collections" >Working with Conservation for Private and Family Collections</a></li><li><a href="/paper-conservation-at-nedcc/preparator-services" >Preparator Services</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/paper-conservation-at-nedcc/resources" >Resources</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/" >Photograph Conservation</a><ul><li class="first"><a href="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/about" >About</a></li><li><a href="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/advanced-photograph-conservation-internship" >Advanced Photograph Conservation Internship</a></li><li><a href="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/working-with-conservation-for-cultural-institutions" >Working with Conservation for Cultural Institutions and Government Agencies</a></li><li><a href="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/working-with-conservation-for-private-and-family-collections" >Working with Conservation for Private and Family Collections</a></li><li><a href="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/preparator-services" >Preparator Services</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/resources" >Resources</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/asian-art-conservation" >Asian Art Conservation</a><ul><li class="first"><a href="/asian-art" >Asian Art Conservation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/imaging-services/" >Imaging <br>Services</a><ul><li class="first"><a href="/imaging-services/overview" >About</a></li><li><a href="/imaging-services/working-with-digital-imaging" >Working with Imaging Services</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/imaging-services/resources" >Resources</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/audio-preservation/" >Audio <br>Preservation</a><ul><li class="first"><a href="/audio-preservation/about" >About</a></li><li><a href="/audio-preservation/irene" >Audio Preservation with IRENE</a></li><li><a href="/audio-preservation/working-with-audio" >Working with Audio Preservation</a></li><li><a href="/audio-preservation/packing-and-shipping-audio-media" >Packing and Shipping Audio Media</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/audio-preservation/resources" >Resources</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/assessments-and-consultations/" >Assessments and Consultations</a><ul><li class="first"><a href="/assessments-and-consultations/about" >About</a></li><li><a href="/assessments-and-consultations/preservation-assessments" >Preservation Assessments and Consultations</a></li><li><a href="/assessments-and-consultations/collection-assessments" >Collection and Item Assessments and Consultations</a></li><li><a href="/assessments-and-consultations/ready-or-not-cultural-heritage-disaster-preparedness-project" >"Ready — Or Not": Cultural Heritage Disaster Preparedness Project</a></li><li><a href="/assessments-and-consultations/working-with-preservation-assessments" >Working with Preservation Assessments</a></li><li><a href="/assessments-and-consultations/working-with-collection-assessments-and-consultations" >Working with Collection Assessments and Consultations</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/assessments-and-consultations/how-assessments-can-benefit-your-collections" >How Can an Assessment Benefit Your Collection?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/preservation-training/" >Preservation Training</a><ul><li class="first"><a href="/preservation-training/training-about" >About</a></li><li><a href="/preservation-training/training-currentlist" >Current Training Programs</a></li><li><a href="/preservation-training/dd23" >Digital Directions 2023</a></li><li><a href="/preservation-training/digital-preservation-assessment-training" >Digital Preservation Assessment Training</a></li><li><a href="/preservation-training/fundamentals-of-av-preservation" >Fundamentals of AV Preservation</a></li><li><a href="/preservation-training/fundamentals-of-photograph-preservation" >Fundamentals of Photograph Preservation</a></li><li><a href="/pres101" >Preservation 101</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/preservation-training/wet-salvage-workshops" >Wet Salvage Workshops</a></li></ul></li><li class="active"><a href="/preservation101/" >Preservation 101</a><ul><li class="first"><a href="/preservation101/welcome" >Welcome</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/introduction" >Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/session-1" >Session 1 <br>Introduction to Preservation</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/session-2" >Session 2 <br>The Building and Environment</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/session-3" >Session 3 <br>Caring for Collections</a></li><li class="active"><a href="/preservation101/session-4" >Session 4 <br>Caring for Paper Collections</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/session-5" >Session 5 <br>Care and Handling of Photographs</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/session-6" >Session 6 <br>Media Collections</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/session-7" >Session 7 <BR>Reformatting and Digitization</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/session-8" >Session 8 <br>Emergency Preparedness</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/session-9" >Session 9<br> Building a Preservation Program</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/preservation-assessment" >The Preservation Assessment</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/additional-resources" >Additional Resources</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/preservation101/credits" >Credits</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/fundamentals-of-av-preservation-textbook/" >Fundamentals of AV Preservation Textbook</a><ul><li class="first"><a href="/av-textbook" >Preface</a></li><li><a href="/fundamentals-of-av-preservation-textbook/chapter1-care-and-handling-of-audiovisual-collections" >Chapter 1: Care and Handling of Audiovisual Collections</a></li><li><a href="/fundamentals-of-av-preservation-textbook/chapter-2-inventory-and-assessment" >Chapter 2: Inventory and Assessment</a></li><li><a href="/fundamentals-of-av-preservation-textbook/chapter-3-reformatting" >Chapter 3: Planning, Preparing, and Implementing Reformatting Projects</a></li><li><a href="/fundamentals-of-av-preservation-textbook/chapter-4-introduction" >Chapter 4: Managing Digital Audiovisual Collections</a></li><li><a href="/fundamentals-of-av-preservation-textbook/chapter-5-introduction" >Chapter 5: Disaster Preparedness and Response</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/fundamentals-of-av-preservation-textbook/glossary" >Glossary</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/free-resources/preservation-leaflets/" >Preservation Leaflets</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/" >Free Resources</a><ul><li class="first"><a href="/free-resources/overview" >Overview</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/ask-nedcc/" >Ask NEDCC</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/audio-preservation-resources" >Audio Preservation Resources</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/book-conservation-and-preservation-resources" >Book Conservation and Preservation Resources</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/california-emergency-preparedness-consultations" >California Emergency Preparedness Consultations</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/preserving-private-and-family-collections/" >Caring for Private and Family Collections</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/costep" >COSTEP</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/digital-imaging-resources" >Digital Imaging Resources</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/digital-preservation" >Digital Preservation</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/disaster-assistance/" >Disaster Assistance</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/fundamentals-of-av-preservation" >Fundamentals of AV Preservation</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/funding-opportunities/" >Funding Opportunities</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/further-reading" >Further Reading</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/international-training-programs-central-and-eastern-europe" >International Training Programs</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/nedcc-publications" >NEDCC Publications</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/paper-conservation-and-preservation-resources" >Paper Conservation and Preservation Resources</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/photograph-conservation-and-preservation-resources" >Photograph Conservation and Preservation Resources</a></li><li><a href="/preservation101/welcome" >Preservation 101</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/preservation-education-curriculum" >Preservation Education Curriculum</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/preservation-leaflets/" >Preservation Leaflets</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/recursos-en-espanol" >Recursos en español</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/resources-for-town-and-municipal-clerks" >Resources for Municipal and County Clerks</a></li><li><a href="/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWQIZ-UfCR-z-EbkQ7SWOyg/videos" >Video Training and Information</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/free-resources/vital-records-replacement" >Vital Records Replacement</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/https://www.dplan.org" >dPlan|ArtsReady</a></li><li><a href="/free-resources/disaster-assistance/" >Disaster Assistance</a></li><li class="last"><a href="/staff-portal/" >Staff Portal</a><ul><li class="first"><a href="/staff-portal/outings-holiday" >NEDCC Staff Holiday & Outings</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> </nav> <header><div id="header"><div id="header-inner"> <a href="/"><img id="headerlogo" src="/assets/templateimages/header-logo-760.png" alt="Northeast Document Conservation Center"></a> <div id="headertop"><nav 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HREF="/about/overview">About</A><ul class="topsubmenu5"><LI><A HREF="/about/overview">Overview</A></li><LI><A HREF="/about/mission">Mission</A></li><LI><A HREF="/about/history/overview">History</A></li><LI><A HREF="/about/supporters">Supporters</A></li><LI><A HREF="/about/nedcc-stories/">NEDCC Stories</A></li><LI><A HREF="/about/news-room/overview">Press</A></li><LI><A HREF="/about/employment-opportunities">Employment Opportunities</A></li><LI><A HREF="/about/staff/">Staff</A></li><LI><A HREF="/about/board">Board</A></li><LI><A HREF="/about/advisory-committee">Advisory Committee</A></li><LI><A HREF="/about/testimonials">Testimonials</A></li><LI><A HREF="/about/contact/contact-us">Contact</A></li></ul></li> </ul></nav> <div id="socialmedia"><div id="headerlongbuttons"> <a id="headerlongbutton0" href="/free-resources/preservation-leaflets/"><span style="padding:0 .2em;">Preservation</span><span style="padding:0 .2em;">Leaflets</span></a> <a id="headerlongbutton1" href="/free-resources/overview"><span style="padding:0 .2em;">Free</span><span style="padding:0 .2em;">Resources</span></a> <a id="headerlongbutton2" href="https://www.dplan.org" TARGET="_blank"><span style="padding:0 .2em;">dPlan|ArtsReady</span></a> <a id="headerlongbutton3" href="/free-resources/disaster-assistance/"><span style="padding:0 .2em;">Disaster</span><span style="padding:0 .2em;">Assistance</span></a> </div> <a href="javascript:showsearchbox()"><img src="/assets/templateimages/search-icon.png" alt="Search" class="header-search-link"></a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="headbuttons"><div id="headbuttons-inner"><UL class="sf-menu"><LI><A HREF="/book-conservation/about">Book <br>Conservation</A><ul><LI><A HREF="/book-conservation/about">About</A></li><LI><A HREF="/book-conservation/working-with-the-conservation-laboratories">Working with Conservation for Cultural Institutions and Government Agencies</A></li><LI><A 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HREF="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/about">Photograph Conservation</A><ul><LI><A HREF="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/about">About</A></li><LI><A HREF="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/advanced-photograph-conservation-internship">Advanced Photograph Conservation Internship</A></li><LI><A HREF="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/working-with-conservation-for-cultural-institutions">Working with Conservation for Cultural Institutions and Government Agencies</A></li><LI><A HREF="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/working-with-conservation-for-private-and-family-collections">Working with Conservation for Private and Family Collections</A></li><LI><A HREF="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/preparator-services">Preparator Services</A></li><LI><A HREF="/photograph-conservation-at-nedcc/resources">Resources</A></li></ul></LI><LI><A HREF="/asian-art">Asian Art Conservation</A><ul><LI><A HREF="/asian-art">Asian Art Conservation</A></li></ul></LI><LI><A HREF="/imaging-services/overview">Imaging <br>Services</A><ul><LI><A HREF="/imaging-services/overview">About</A></li><LI><A HREF="/imaging-services/working-with-digital-imaging">Working with Imaging Services</A></li><LI><A HREF="/imaging-services/resources">Resources</A></li></ul></LI><LI><A HREF="/audio-preservation/about">Audio <br>Preservation</A><ul><LI><A HREF="/audio-preservation/about">About</A></li><LI><A HREF="/audio-preservation/irene">Audio Preservation with IRENE</A></li><LI><A HREF="/audio-preservation/working-with-audio">Working with Audio Preservation</A></li><LI><A HREF="/audio-preservation/packing-and-shipping-audio-media">Packing and Shipping Audio Media</A></li><LI><A HREF="/audio-preservation/resources">Resources</A></li></ul></LI><LI><A HREF="/assessments-and-consultations/about">Assessments and Consultations</A><ul><LI><A HREF="/assessments-and-consultations/about">About</A></li><LI><A HREF="/assessments-and-consultations/preservation-assessments">Preservation Assessments and Consultations</A></li><LI><A HREF="/assessments-and-consultations/collection-assessments">Collection and Item Assessments and Consultations</A></li><LI><A HREF="/assessments-and-consultations/ready-or-not-cultural-heritage-disaster-preparedness-project">"Ready — Or Not": Cultural Heritage Disaster Preparedness Project</A></li><LI><A HREF="/assessments-and-consultations/working-with-preservation-assessments">Working with Preservation Assessments</A></li><LI><A HREF="/assessments-and-consultations/working-with-collection-assessments-and-consultations">Working with Collection Assessments and Consultations</A></li><LI><A HREF="/assessments-and-consultations/how-assessments-can-benefit-your-collections">How Can an Assessment Benefit Your Collection?</A></li></ul></LI><LI CLASS="last"><A HREF="/preservation-training/training-about">Preservation Training</A><ul><LI><A HREF="/preservation-training/training-about">About</A></li><LI><A HREF="/preservation-training/training-currentlist">Current Training Programs</A></li><LI><A HREF="/preservation-training/dd23">Digital Directions 2023</A></li><LI><A HREF="/preservation-training/digital-preservation-assessment-training">Digital Preservation Assessment Training</A></li><LI><A HREF="/preservation-training/fundamentals-of-av-preservation">Fundamentals of AV Preservation</A></li><LI><A HREF="/preservation-training/fundamentals-of-photograph-preservation">Fundamentals of Photograph Preservation</A></li><LI><A HREF="/pres101">Preservation 101</A></li><LI><A HREF="/preservation-training/wet-salvage-workshops">Wet Salvage Workshops</A></li></ul></LI></ul></div></div> <div id="headersearch"><a href="javascript:hidesearchbox()" id="headersearch-close-button">X</a><form action="/site-search" method="post" name="headersearchform" id="as0_advsea-form" class="advsea-form"><input type="hidden" name="asId" value="as0" /><p style="line-height:100%; font-size:15px;"><nobr><span class="header-search-fields"><input aria-label="header search field" id="as0_advsea-search" class="header-search-field" name="search" type="text" style="font-size:15px; padding:2px 4px;" value="Site Search" onFocus="this.value=''"> <input name="sub" value="Search" type="image" src="/assets/media/images/form.go.png" alt=\"header search submission button\" style="position:relative; top:8px;"></span></nobr></p></form></div> <div id="moreinthissectionlink"><a href="preservation101/session-4#rightsidebar">More in this section</a></div></div></header> <main><div id="container"> <div id="middle"><div id="titlearea"><h1> </h1></div> <section id="textstart"><div id="textarea"><article><div id="sitepage" class="bodycontent"> <p class="noh3"> <img class="" src="/assets/media/images/header_images/Header-Pres101-new.jpg" alt="" width="800"></p> </div> <div class="sectionnav"> </div> <div class="dark-gray"> <table style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; height: 71px;" border="0" width="808" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 40.6094px;"> <td style="padding-left: 30px; width: 771px; height: 40.6094px;"><strong><em><br></em><em>Anyone caring for paper-based cultural collections realizes that many of them become fragile and break down over time. This session will explore the materials and structures that make up paper-based collections, as well as the various factors, both internal and external, that contribute to deterioration.</em></strong></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p class="highlight-box-left"><em><span class="enews-heading2"><br></span><br></em></p> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><span class="enews-heading2"><br>SESSION 4:  CARING FOR PAPER COLLECTIONS<br></span> </h2> <p><em>As discussed in the previous sessions, archival collections are susceptible to damage and deterioration from a wide range of causes. This session will explore the materials and structures that make up paper-based collections, as well as the various factors, both internal and external, that contribute to deterioration. <br></em></p> <h4><strong>Introduction</strong></h4> <p>In most cases, the materials found in cultural collections are composite structures. Conservation professionals spend many years studying properties of collections materials, perfecting their examination and treatment skills so that they are able to identify each component of a particular format. This session will provide a general familiarity with the mechanisms of deterioration, which will be a valuable tool for evaluating the overall condition of your collections, and focusing your preservation activities.</p> <p>This session will help you:</p> <ul> <li>become familiar with the history of papermaking, and how this process effects longevity;</li> <li>understand the materials and structures that make up paper-based collections;</li> <li>explore the interaction of component materials and the role of external factors in deterioration;</li> <li>learn what to look for when evaluating the general condition of your collections’ and</li> <li>identify additional resources to help you learn more about the mechanisms of deterioration.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <table border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 370px;"> <p>Copyright© 2015 <a href="https://www.nedcc.org/">Northeast Document Conservation Center</a></p> </td> <td> <p class="justifyright"> Funded by         <a href="https://www.imls.gov/"><img class="justifyright" style="float: right;" src="/assets/media/images/preservation/preservation101/site/logo_imls.gif" alt="logo_imls"></a></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2> </h2>  <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> </article></div> <div id="rightsidebar"><p class="menuhead">Preservation 101<p> <ul class="sidemenu"><li ><a href="/preservation101/welcome"><span>Welcome</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/introduction"><span>Introduction</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-1"><span>Session 1 <br>Introduction to Preservation</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-2"><span>Session 2 <br>The Building and Environment</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-3"><span>Session 3 <br>Caring for Collections</span></a></li><li class="submenuOn"><a href="/preservation101/session-4"><span>Session 4 <br>Caring for Paper Collections</span></a><ul><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-4/4-papermaking"><span>Papermaking</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-4/2inherent-vice-materials"><span>Inherent Vice: Materials</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-4/4inherent-vice-structures"><span>Inherent Vice: Structures</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-4/4external-factors"><span>External Factors</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-4/4handling-paper-collections"><span>Handling Paper Collections</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-4/4storing-paper-collections"><span>Storing Paper Collections</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-4/4evaluating-your-collections"><span>Evaluating Your Collections</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-4/4library-binding"><span>Library Binding</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-4/4additional-activities"><span>Additional Activities</span></a></li></ul></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-5"><span>Session 5 <br>Care and Handling of Photographs</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-6"><span>Session 6 <br>Media Collections</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-7"><span>Session 7 <BR>Reformatting and Digitization</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-8"><span>Session 8 <br>Emergency Preparedness</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/session-9"><span>Session 9<br> Building a Preservation Program</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/preservation-assessment"><span>The Preservation Assessment</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/additional-resources"><span>Additional Resources</span></a></li><li ><a href="/preservation101/credits"><span>Credits</span></a></li></ul> <div class="rightsidebartext"><p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p></div></div> </section></div></main> <footer><div id="footer"><div id="bigfooter1"><div id="footersearch"><form action="/site-search" 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