CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136e2f56a573e1e',cH: 'DZm457y0sWJ7gn6A3wqraWhK4OQVmTHvZKdDxNKHia4-1739806938-1.2.1.1-RLN1ahEiMcj5sZSQkeyq4IyKRG1meQuHi9p3NEgPi6V_E0I8huB3yVwGYDcsnE_8',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Speckle%20noise&__cf_chl_tk=q3tpu6OzaXuCaEFY4Bj78WdtQY91qmORXmsIZWgBuiw-1739806938-1.0.1.1-4Z9tiFJkMIIHIT3dQ86jYiHH0JAwrB.q1gE.tgcU4eA",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739806938',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Speckle%20noise&__cf_chl_f_tk=q3tpu6OzaXuCaEFY4Bj78WdtQY91qmORXmsIZWgBuiw-1739806938-1.0.1.1-4Z9tiFJkMIIHIT3dQ86jYiHH0JAwrB.q1gE.tgcU4eA",md: "5OxuyMFXFahYR51PrCKbnjmf6k3AiHaCRjtq84n_9Mw-1739806938-1.2.1.1-xRzwsny3yGb_vDYB.yxsZpQpkVN6Ke_PfSRdKKFXgE5OkhOOF5fI5Z3dVqB5SkMcIANzU0MYx88KGnIc70f7jypwXmG.dvtWzUkDsE0TBU0cplHeRaX6sCeNrzNLdglF5.uWV1vElvTkK8UkWQ89NsDdaBZum6MtlkMgCB_3Ff4bgQoO8WYRmV0TZWeeuQsYWRiphdB9.OudlwYq92GnrHb5sd3.o0k3lu7heRlJ.Nn9RxsSri1gfVffN1Y4..LQ1H9qhYQOzE1SO.qUfoiLnO.Wc5fRpJL7KeJ_b6STPAnTj27OCeyse8unI15A0h6aWTgmUBka8Mjq9mgQvRuTywsGnh2_UA9sAjkAv.w73O7BEBSM4_Z7b449fLbu.kABNGFGxyHGMtWZUtwaeRUhl_50_ex_m5SUT6LpkjyFETwy4O_6dZUWWt.rM3dS3H1xz0UjRqVo5tv6NHO6HNxJzU2obX9630Z1sZmvdqEfRDx.7MADsdxChC2dIKoFBJRoPPjyiBDTCKaQRjoUkDjPM8jcRnCoI5zRcI_gbZLBzXt3tZOB_OcZxRT1BKRmP3cYDKCMIleo1ZlI4PsVapjXbrlDL7DCAnJSqVKLrshWXSTRdF.nPeAJa_p4FHmDS4KGUQHAWzJYKmDU2iU0PgK5ps9Ib4o6RbJCI0uxehtYftScc3R7ER6haHlsc9jlQfebfsT8EuhXOeI1nAtB92nQ8mUrwrb1pd4CM4x3xIKvaFFmhPsmyKRIXYWHC4mTDDNtTw69KGQu9mh9CZhX.bOgOaym.lRzneJIInKP1I5MK2pohYW4dhyCgVLsS.pJCV2gv7KqGeEfFhtG8kpaT3r_01zVhQMDCFWEe.1s_sxlbj4wwtNzuNOhYQc9W5POno8_EhWJBWXxNiuD43Pbg74SjrNnyIpRVpmun3IyY.h35ga5LG5MSwcH5Xo9FN4C7Xtfrv_LeuLszx0a6N5EVKDQJxDiRCDqjEZTtoH4_Q8Q0TJ6XEJHNZTAcEg6AQC4u4G1xA7mPqCp76KnaAdB23ioXUpXsRNXbYgMBALha6bn_sGN25ufJjPhlvsKEiopG2DDgdY4F2wkjNpBndJwZ9HADYh83I.DUNViKxsCCqD2KMje_MyE5mdGwyD3mGmFX0GP15zJiak3ejLsWJkrAG84YBELMrue8eRFZg9Igg7J.rvJdz48GPw5DRDzXlut2yeAiwH3Qre1NP4_tQGaGPrMSGuhXc6LmJB0sS4ZGebb0P2LY3zB1_jeuj8QJIPOBkArn1Yu.45XoWcsYYTFgNngwFeiIcZ4bGS0Gw2uVdUCpVJpxgjegSu2MXeiIlHHbl75729MjwnljD2V1VaqVbeqJKcL5ASykbKi0Rrdf2FOcL1dJQ5lTQOrvx75y.InwVVF2NbfdYWcVVY.Jt2wfEZA3MM.nXAEtCDYdeCrFBz5wFifsDul2kZUY7DYUC7NTN.uy2ctLIrSK74UU7zq.2pbjV3Zaw9lH3EfHoeMTqFzFSSLCIU_uok8AdNwKR6SpEAkLSyX6f0333pM4dwcGYuFgIyGXt4YeDSKrSXUrfhzgtlhCS8.S3bNkjb4BqVJTuQcg4Z6TfUMqVurkc5UnKb7qQiIiLKdNlFC0dEZI9.UwidoC9npqp5CzIqVSsD.x7uoVaoPrG8_yTQDAzJHbZJxM1NslKaLMJKK2My0EJNF4KwAYOUJ4licbNVKA2__1taLDRrF4oPUzfN.4CBYNlRKEsimcN4EmFi8LzZcKYUzWGvp7t7y5g1uDz1EBffIu_iR0mgqth45ZjOMg_NNSitI.ZrygL5n1uhD775oxb0CzDPeYjtXozm.Z7tygiRUXeJT3t1laOr3byaTRL85aDPG7VEbF0GA2GGJpcuOpZ7qkJVSH63S5cZ3s7oe1pnpcRk83_lbww.tSdLRAKy9PqITOGF._ZZ8Mi_Gv2QiO2fDMAw",mdrd: "3w5qG1qmJyJtOnOfOvxpcyqjuKaTnN2HUkQFlN1Ys_c-1739806938-1.2.1.1-iJxO_AdEhiFDAqE8AkkFXFfhfpm_PLHha1eIYgpJX6li4m8dFcQ5zfXEIzws4GHojc.r4omwTcBT5XgeZ12OzoQTXKHXS7HFYub3kBU8npTWzS45C4sT9e9taKXEipVJkG0hL7PWDEtKQhw.Cp5ZaonXg4NaDqo0iBQ7SWh3Jwza6z2nWAr3Mf39KNuYmDPocWMQiR.oxFcEpCut7qQZYSM9aY51PxG0If9Y4dzjSVsig9SURSVomPeWnri7j54eRmQuNRZt8KTWl6Drn.b2SGz03x4XTm4AH_sPNQTPREqXaPZ82cfGfporiiTxuKOhLRijF.DpRpVRm_3llWXklPhhN3B2l4vl2PC4i.3C7XZayBgqwSMIuU0w89Gmw1LdLP_tgVvNAtkpRZ5EuvZMe4.62cXEPB8JofO7.J6S9O0K7dm99XekJZRX1.0.syshAlINPYxhWYxRpI0aTh0PATAeJt0SfRfxyqHO9U89JYZPnZ1siDO1YtA7DlvH1rSpFx8ymZuDnNObcETvgrDFORHZhBH64.4to3Ni3EMHLopRKGfNHxwf0kKvmtReUzjq94pi7Mb_UX.zTUK_rc627gMyeCmaBHc3HmT7OtNoUolgG0DoWD._X.D0EPOIvhdlcle3svkiaoNTlw3AtWKNJ2s4zBxp99jVNQmpiFro37i.c211QOgyl_s_RZ7jBCwr81.x8NRSfXa14qnfcnIxzwEpY7Dh1c13YFKF2zGd56NkyR3fa707K9RG2qbPiATHvhqtt7Jin.d4q.iJfWXNSyYEs9TZ5Y_ZOjetRRyvD9gnbMb6qgxY_u4p2Q.SvuN8y4ge56eEFv0GPKmXC3q8V86_Rzx.ACQUboFHn1D0Dj3JjPZo0VIX3hcQvmPrDKwSuwe2.9Ek3_dPJcpBcq_5g8ko61vSGXL6vd9nkvMdjgZ5I9.Pzuvqh0x5NPOGDPvZy5PYpry1eAvoSGf_qbQxO.GpQm4FHVXuZwm3jPHU8AsA9x1KdukUUKibg0XmAZPEHwDmfxQlyz7yh__cXrJxW71lkY0pgzS5Q9eDaBP1.syuKcXLNrEz0ckVTNFaoKPjaqVscHG6eP0mnYvvcw7H6I8F1JbeIspporR5e8ClSHvtkXatDJrnjdv.N.ssTpVkjPn7HCuy55z_M2fW3d4YB9uc3JvnK0oJo0r.y8UVhZ8SoSrt64f8PZx_B_YgdY_AlaRKob12QCICKPm62GAPOrsE_Y.I7O_Gnj64O3CFOAY5BEt2yFIQ3hXyRD3S.EdkmHqOTyy0OQKY9Rk9GEih5oaYQnetGknkDadylROP81PMOC91z2R0Dc8x9TIYaMXGL80YsUsY0jJ44mkPW1DUd4BHO8dfj21Ol9FlYk6My7lyZsxgdjFFeyTFluIS4jHE174596sdAqkgMMVbwBm70lauayKR..nG5hPeyPfOm6mdtf16cUjkxPuMWAjPcp0WWRri6un0zfulY50NjiXt.RJTuTeSwuYpEsrxNGcRAXvzaYYdvTVPIb7LcZQRHDRWzVyYcBkCbyXxBFNBTyzDXFYCTKmsSoxX_fZ2ueFOrhKr0pb7BLLnU2_TLgYCyYV54LwVdHA6N3uyoohmejPiuIlZ2PCljZFThrsJdjXAVgR.XsGAIimXyPLSpfSfeDHLeYPoUuCGO5IzTwoLC5sv7g7xROmCrTwUesIRwWP_vox1Cqt3Cb67BrEvR0Lti4hCY3NY15yf.OnZTyuHqoIb8sd4yePFfpSSH0ARx.a8q8Pugc92TAcV2szXqc4Y.MgKtBg2yZArQUCMoK5BN.Xt.dpp3VcoJ_tm0V.OoLb0og78.cwaAhmhjRHk_M7mQ4_UBxRqlakCKhpq1gRyU7NcJmPRQ4BX6izjb87VVcbayNXCTWB0V051liY882H0G1gmhok6i22xQgITBo2SlqHdN0__EGy06hmsL7RK6iQMBurScV2No8_Ey_bmjVLhuYvj"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136e2f56a573e1e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Speckle%20noise&__cf_chl_rt_tk=q3tpu6OzaXuCaEFY4Bj78WdtQY91qmORXmsIZWgBuiw-1739806938-1.0.1.1-4Z9tiFJkMIIHIT3dQ86jYiHH0JAwrB.q1gE.tgcU4eA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>