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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="توكونوما – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توكونوما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Токанама – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Токанама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonomo" title="Tokonomo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tokonomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%87" title="تماشاگه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تماشاگه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%BD%94%EB%85%B8%EB%A7%88" title="도코노마 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도코노마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94" title="טוקונומה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טוקונומה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%8A%E3%81%AE%E9%96%93" title="床の間 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="床の間" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Токонома – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Токонома" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Токонома – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Токонома" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonoma" title="Tokonoma – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tokonoma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%8A%E4%B9%8B%E9%96%93" title="床之間 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="床之間" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q738760#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tokonoma" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Alcove in Japanese reception rooms</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kannonin_Tottori16s4470.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kannonin_Tottori16s4470.jpg/220px-Kannonin_Tottori16s4470.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kannonin_Tottori16s4470.jpg/330px-Kannonin_Tottori16s4470.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kannonin_Tottori16s4470.jpg/440px-Kannonin_Tottori16s4470.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4470" data-file-height="2980" /></a><figcaption>A <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span> with a <i><a href="/wiki/Kakemono" title="Kakemono">kakemono</a></i> and <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">ikebana</a></i></span> flower arrangement</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokonoma_(%E5%BA%8A%E3%81%AE%E9%96%93).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tokonoma_%28%E5%BA%8A%E3%81%AE%E9%96%93%29.jpg/220px-Tokonoma_%28%E5%BA%8A%E3%81%AE%E9%96%93%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tokonoma_%28%E5%BA%8A%E3%81%AE%E9%96%93%29.jpg/330px-Tokonoma_%28%E5%BA%8A%E3%81%AE%E9%96%93%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tokonoma_%28%E5%BA%8A%E3%81%AE%E9%96%93%29.jpg/440px-Tokonoma_%28%E5%BA%8A%E3%81%AE%E9%96%93%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="2650" /></a><figcaption>Detailed view of a <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span> and aspects of a Japanese room</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Murotsu_Museum_of_Folklore08s5s4272.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Murotsu_Museum_of_Folklore08s5s4272.jpg/220px-Murotsu_Museum_of_Folklore08s5s4272.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Murotsu_Museum_of_Folklore08s5s4272.jpg/330px-Murotsu_Museum_of_Folklore08s5s4272.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Murotsu_Museum_of_Folklore08s5s4272.jpg/440px-Murotsu_Museum_of_Folklore08s5s4272.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>View from the side of a <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tenryuji_Kyoto29s5s4200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tenryuji_Kyoto29s5s4200.jpg/250px-Tenryuji_Kyoto29s5s4200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tenryuji_Kyoto29s5s4200.jpg/330px-Tenryuji_Kyoto29s5s4200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tenryuji_Kyoto29s5s4200.jpg/500px-Tenryuji_Kyoto29s5s4200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tokonoma</i></span> at <a href="/wiki/Tenry%C5%AB-ji" title="Tenryū-ji">Tenryū-ji</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><b>tokonoma</b></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">床の間</span></span>)</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or simply <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><b>toko</b></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">床</span></span>)</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a recessed space in a Japanese-style reception room, in which items for artistic appreciation are displayed. In English, a <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span> could be called an <a href="/wiki/Alcove_(architecture)" title="Alcove (architecture)">alcove</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokonoma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two theories about the predecessor of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span>: the first is that it derives from the room structure of the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">shinden-zukuri</i></span>, which flourished in the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a> (794–1185) and declined in the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a> (1336–1573); the second is that it derives from the room structure of <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> monasteries in the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura period</a> (1185–1333). In the room of the monastery, there was a board called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">oshiita</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">押板</span></span>)</span> which displayed Buddhist altar fittings such as candlesticks, incense burners and vases. On the wall behind <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">oshiita</i></span> was a hanging scroll with a Buddhist theme. The second theory is that the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">oshiita</i></span> and the back wall developed into a <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shoin-zukuri" title="Shoin-zukuri">shoin-zukuri</a></i></span>-style <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span> in the Muromachi period.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">shoin-zukuri</i></span>, an architectural style developed in the Muromachi period, <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span> came to be used as room decoration, and the owner of the house sat in front of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span> decorated with various things to meet guests. However, in the case of important guests, the householder, in deference to them, had them sit in front of the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokonoma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The items typically displayed in a <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span> are calligraphic or pictorial <a href="/wiki/Hanging_scroll" title="Hanging scroll">scrolls</a> and an <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">ikebana</a></i></span> flower arrangement. <a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a> and <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Okimono" title="Okimono">okimono</a></i></span> are also common—although traditionally, bonsai were not considered worthy for a place of such respect. The <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span> and its contents are essential elements of traditional Japanese interior decoration. The <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">toko</i></span> (床) literally means "floor" or "bed"; <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ma</i></span> (間) means "space" or "room". </p><p>When seating guests in a Japanese-style room, the correct <a href="/wiki/Japanese_etiquette" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese etiquette">etiquette</a> is to seat the most important guest closest to the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span> as this is in the location furthest from the entrance, a location called the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kamiza</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stepping within it is strictly forbidden, except to change the display, when a strict etiquette must be followed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pillar on one side of the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span>, called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">toko-bashira</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">床柱</span></span>)</span>, is usually made of wood, specially prepared for the purpose. It can range from a seemingly raw trunk with bark still attached, to a square piece of heart wood with very straight grain. The choice of <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">toko-bashira</i></span> determines the level of formality for the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span>. </p><p>American architect <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a> was influenced by Japanese architecture. He translated the meaning of the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokonoma</i></span> into its Western counterpart: the <a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">fireplace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gesture became more of a ceremonial core in his architecture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokonoma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace_mantel" title="Fireplace mantel">Fireplace mantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higashiyama_culture" title="Higashiyama culture">Higashiyama culture</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokonoma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary</i>, Kenkyusha Limited, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-7674-2015-6" title="Special:BookSources/4-7674-2015-6">4-7674-2015-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kōjien</i> Japanese dictionary, entry for <i>tokonoma.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Genshoku Chadō Daijiten</i> Japanese encyclopedia of Chanoyu. Iguchi Kaisen, et al., supv. eds. (Kyoto: Tankosha, 1986 10th ed.) entry for <i>Toko.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411010010/https://wafujyutaku.jp/archives/alcove-cat/seishinsei">Tokonoma.</a> Shinken press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Genshoku Chadō Daijiten</i> Japanese encyclopedia of Chanoyu, entry for <i>Toko</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BA%8A%E3%81%AE%E9%96%93-105027">Tokonoma.</a> Kotobank</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVardaman1994" class="citation book cs1">Vardaman, James M. (1994). <i>Japanese etiquette today : a guide to business & social customs</i> (1st ed.). Rutland, Vt.: C.E. Tuttle. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1462902391" title="Special:BookSources/1462902391"><bdi>1462902391</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+etiquette+today+%3A+a+guide+to+business+%26+social+customs&rft.place=Rutland%2C+Vt.&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=C.E.+Tuttle&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1462902391&rft.aulast=Vardaman&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATokonoma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japaneseroom.myshopify.com/blogs/the-guidance-of-washitsu/what-are-the-three-rules-in-washitsu">"What are the three rules in Washitsu?"</a>. <i>Kai Japanese Room</i>. 2024-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kai+Japanese+Room&rft.atitle=What+are+the+three+rules+in+Washitsu%3F&rft.date=2024-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapaneseroom.myshopify.com%2Fblogs%2Fthe-guidance-of-washitsu%2Fwhat-are-the-three-rules-in-washitsu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATokonoma" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2025">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nute, Kevin (1993). <i>Frank Lloyd Wright and Japan</i>. London: Chapman & Hall. p. 61</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokonoma&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHisao1997" class="citation journal cs1">Hisao, Maye (1997). "Theorizing About the Origins of the Tokonoma". <i>Chanoyu Quarterly</i> (86): <span class="nowrap">22–</span>39. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-1537">0009-1537</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4044546">4044546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chanoyu+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Theorizing+About+the+Origins+of+the+Tokonoma&rft.issue=86&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E39&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4044546&rft.issn=0009-1537&rft.aulast=Hisao&rft.aufirst=Maye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATokonoma" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokonoma&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tokonoma" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tokonoma">Tokonoma</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_architectural_elements" title="Template:Japanese architectural elements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_architectural_elements" title="Template talk:Japanese architectural elements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_architectural_elements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese architectural elements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elements_of_Japanese_architecture385" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Elements of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Japanese architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Secular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Azekurazukuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Azekurazukuri">Azekura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buke-zukuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Buke-zukuri">Buke</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gassho-zukuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Gassho-zukuri">Gassho</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giy%C5%8Df%C5%AB_architecture" title="Giyōfū architecture">Giyōfū</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hirairi" title="Hirairi">Hirairi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_Style" title="Imperial Crown Style">Imperial Crown Style</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jutaku" title="Jutaku">Jutaku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omoya" title="Omoya">Omoya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinden-zukuri" title="Shinden-zukuri">Shinden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoin-zukuri" title="Shoin-zukuri">Shoin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukiya-zukuri" title="Sukiya-zukuri">Sukiya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture" title="Shinto architecture">Shinto</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Azekura" class="mw-redirect" title="Azekura">Azekura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hachiman-zukuri" title="Hachiman-zukuri">Hachiman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hiyoshi-zukuri" title="Hiyoshi-zukuri">Hiyoshi (<i>Hie</i>)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irimoya" class="mw-redirect" title="Irimoya">Irimoya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ishi-no-ma-zukuri" title="Ishi-no-ma-zukuri">Ishi-no-ma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kasuga-zukuri" title="Kasuga-zukuri">Kasuga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kibitsu-zukuri" title="Kibitsu-zukuri">Kibitsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nagare-zukuri" title="Nagare-zukuri">Nagare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinmei-zukuri" title="Shinmei-zukuri">Shinmei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sumiyoshi-zukuri" title="Sumiyoshi-zukuri">Sumiyoshi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taisha-zukuri" title="Taisha-zukuri">Taisha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecture" title="Japanese Buddhist architecture">Buddhist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daibutsuy%C5%8D" title="Daibutsuyō">Daibutsuyō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cbaku_Zen_architecture" title="Ōbaku Zen architecture">Ōbaku Zen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Setch%C5%ABy%C5%8D" title="Setchūyō">Setchūyō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Way%C5%8D" title="Wayō">Wayō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zensh%C5%ABy%C5%8D" title="Zenshūyō">Zenshūyō</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;background:whitesmoke;padding:0 1.0em 0 2.0em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Himeji_model7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Model of Himeji Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Himeji_model7.JPG/150px-Himeji_model7.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Himeji_model7.JPG/225px-Himeji_model7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Himeji_model7.JPG/300px-Himeji_model7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2240" /></a></span><br />Model of <a href="/wiki/Himeji_Castle" title="Himeji Castle">Himeji Castle</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of building</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Secular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_castle" title="Japanese castle">Castle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chashitsu" title="Chashitsu">Chashitsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kura_(storehouse)" title="Kura (storehouse)">Kura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Machiya" title="Machiya">Machiya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minka" title="Minka">Minka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yagura_(tower)" title="Yagura (tower)">Yagura</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture" title="Shinto architecture">Shinto</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Haiden_(Shinto)" title="Haiden (Shinto)">Haiden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heiden_(Shinto)" title="Heiden (Shinto)">Heiden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hokora" title="Hokora">Hokora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honden" title="Honden">Honden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kofun" title="Kofun">Kofun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Setsumatsusha" title="Setsumatsusha">Setsumatsusha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine">Shinto shrine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torii" title="Torii">Torii</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecture" title="Japanese Buddhist architecture">Buddhist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Butsuden" class="mw-redirect" title="Butsuden">Butsuden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8D_(architecture)" title="Dō (architecture)">Dō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dky%C5%8Dint%C5%8D" title="Hōkyōintō">Hōkyōintō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dz%C5%8D" title="Kyōzō">Kyōzō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Hall_(Japanese_Buddhism)" title="Main Hall (Japanese Buddhism)">Main Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_pagoda" title="Japanese pagoda">Pagoda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shichid%C5%8D_garan" title="Shichidō garan">Shichidō garan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" title="Shōrō">Shōrō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tah%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Tahōtō">Tahōtō</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roof styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_roof" title="Hidden roof">Hidden</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irimoya" class="mw-redirect" title="Irimoya">Irimoya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karahafu" title="Karahafu">Karahafu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mokoshi" title="Mokoshi">Mokoshi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structural and spatial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burdock_piling" title="Burdock piling">Burdock piling</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chigi_(architecture)" title="Chigi (architecture)">Chigi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disordered_piling" title="Disordered piling">Disordered piling</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Engawa" title="Engawa">Engawa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hisashi_(architecture)" title="Hisashi (architecture)">Hisashi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irimoya" class="mw-redirect" title="Irimoya">Irimoya-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irori" title="Irori">Irori</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kat%C5%8Dmado" title="Katōmado">Katōmado</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katsuogi" title="Katsuogi">Katsuogi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuruwa" title="Kuruwa">Kuruwa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moya_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moya (architecture)">Moya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nakazonae" title="Nakazonae">Nakazonae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namako_wall" title="Namako wall"><i>Namako</i> wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightingale_floor" title="Nightingale floor">Nightingale floor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Onigawara" title="Onigawara">Onigawara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ranma_(architectural)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranma (architectural)">Ranma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Drin" title="Sōrin">Sōrin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamagaki" title="Tamagaki">Tamagaki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatami" title="Tatami">Tatami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tenshu" title="Tenshu">Tenshu</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tokonoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toky%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyō">Tokyō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsumairi" title="Tsumairi">Tsumairi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shibi_(roof_tile)" title="Shibi (roof tile)">Shibi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Gates</li><li>Approaches</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genkan" title="Genkan">Genkan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kair%C5%8D" title="Kairō">Kairō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karamon" title="Karamon">Karamon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mon_(architecture)" title="Mon (architecture)">Mon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nij%C5%ABmon" title="Nijūmon">Nijūmon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%8Dmon" title="Niōmon">Niōmon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dmon" title="Rōmon">Rōmon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%8D" title="Sandō">Sandō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sanmon" title="Sanmon">Sanmon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dmon" title="Sōmon">Sōmon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torii" title="Torii">Torii</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mihashira_Torii" title="Mihashira Torii">Mihashira</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rooms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chashitsu" title="Chashitsu">Chashitsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_kitchen" title="Japanese kitchen">Daidokoro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mizuya" title="Mizuya">Mizuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nando_(architecture)" title="Nando (architecture)">Nando</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoin" title="Shoin">Shoin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_Japan" title="Toilets in Japan">Toilets</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washitsu" title="Washitsu">Washitsu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Furnishings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Butsudan" title="Butsudan">Butsudan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chabudai" title="Chabudai">Chabudai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emakimono" title="Emakimono">Emakimono</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Furo" title="Furo">Furo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Futon" title="Futon">Futon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Getabako" title="Getabako">Getabako</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamado" title="Kamado">Kamado</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamidana" title="Kamidana">Kamidana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kotatsu" title="Kotatsu">Kotatsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mitamaya" title="Mitamaya">Mitamaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oshiire" title="Oshiire">Oshiire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tansu" title="Tansu">Tansu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabuton" title="Zabuton">Zabuton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zafu" title="Zafu">Zafu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_partition_furniture_of_traditional_Japanese_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="List of partition furniture of traditional Japanese architecture">Partitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/By%C5%8Dbu" title="Byōbu">Byōbu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fusuma" title="Fusuma">Fusuma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jinmaku" title="Jinmaku">Jinmaku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kich%C5%8D" title="Kichō">Kichō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noren" title="Noren">Noren</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shitomi" title="Shitomi">Shitomi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoji" title="Shoji">Shōji</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Washi" title="Washi">washi</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sudare" title="Sudare">Sudare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsuitate" title="Tsuitate">Tsuitate</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outdoor objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzuya" title="Chōzuya">Chōzuya (Temizuya)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giboshi" title="Giboshi">Giboshi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shigandang" title="Shigandang">Ishigantō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komainu" title="Komainu">Komainu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōrō">Tōrō</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_units_of_measurement" title="Japanese units of measurement">Measurements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ken_(unit)" title="Ken (unit)">Ken</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koku" title="Koku">Koku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Li_(unit)" title="Li (unit)">Ri</a></i></li> <li><i><a 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