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[{"id":48420666,"identifier":"Attachment_48420666","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":7564943,"created_at":"2014-07-05T06:18:22.645-07:00","from_world_paper_id":125294703,"updated_at":"2024-11-12T12:35:59.961-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Our previous study has shown that a-mangostin, a xanthone from the pericarps of mangosteen, induces caspase-3dependent apoptosis in HL60 cells. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism of apoptosis induced by a-mangostin in HL60 cells. a-Mangostin-treated HL60 cells demonstrated caspase-9 and -3 activation but not -8, which leads us to assume that a-mangostin may mediate the mitochondrial pathway in the apoptosis. Parameters of mitochondrial dysfunction including swelling, loss of membrane potential (DWm), decrease in intracellular ATP, ROS accumulation, and cytochrome c/AIF release, were observed within 1 or 2 h after the treatment. On the other hand, a-mangostin-treatment did not affect expression of bcl-2 family proteins and activation of MAP kinases. These findings indicate that a-mangostin preferentially targets mitochondria in the early phase, resulting in indication of apoptosis in HL60 cells. Furthermore, we examined the structure-activity relationship between xanthone derivatives including a-mangostin and the potency of DWm-loss in HL60 cells. Interestingly, replacement of hydroxyl group by methoxy group remarkably decreased its potency. It was also shown that the cytotoxicity substantially correlated with DWm decrease. These results indicate that a-mangostin and its analogs would be candidates for preventive and therapeutic application for cancer treatment.","publication_date":"2004,,","publication_name":"Bioorganic \u0026 Medicinal Chemistry","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"48420666"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Preferential target is mitochondria in α-mangostin-induced apoptosis in human leukemia HL60 cells","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [13603195]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div 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translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Preferential target is mitochondria in α-mangostin-induced apoptosis in human leukemia HL60 cells</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13603195" href="https://gifu-pu.academia.edu/TetsuroIto"><img alt="Profile image of Tetsuro Ito" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Tetsuro Ito</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2004, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" 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data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/7564943/Preferential_target_is_mitochondria_in_%CE%B1_mangostin_induced_apoptosis_in_human_leukemia_HL60_cells" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="34402708" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34402708/Effects_of_%CE%B1_mangostin_on_mitochondrial_energetic_metabolism">Effects of α-mangostin on mitochondrial energetic metabolism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43795542" href="https://unam.academia.edu/FranciscoCorrea">Francisco Correa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Mitochondrion, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effects of α-mangostin on mitochondrial energetic metabolism","attachmentId":54284136,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34402708/Effects_of_%CE%B1_mangostin_on_mitochondrial_energetic_metabolism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34402708/Effects_of_%CE%B1_mangostin_on_mitochondrial_energetic_metabolism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="7564957" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7564957/Induction_of_Apoptosis_by_Xanthones_from_Mangosteen_in_Human_Leukemia_Cell_Lines">Induction of Apoptosis by Xanthones from Mangosteen in Human Leukemia Cell Lines</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13603195" href="https://gifu-pu.academia.edu/TetsuroIto">Tetsuro Ito</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Natural Products, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Induction of Apoptosis by Xanthones from Mangosteen in Human Leukemia Cell Lines","attachmentId":48420655,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7564957/Induction_of_Apoptosis_by_Xanthones_from_Mangosteen_in_Human_Leukemia_Cell_Lines","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7564957/Induction_of_Apoptosis_by_Xanthones_from_Mangosteen_in_Human_Leukemia_Cell_Lines"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="82548029" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82548029/Potential_Of_Mangosteen_Xanthones_As_Anti_Oral_Cancer_Agents_By_Induction_Of_Apoptosis">Potential Of Mangosteen Xanthones As Anti-Oral Cancer Agents By Induction Of Apoptosis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="71630463" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YCorvianindyaRahayu">Yani Corvianindya Rahayu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is rich in various xanthones that are known to possess unique biological activities. The aim of this study was to determine of antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of mangosteen xanthones. The researchers found that all tested xanthones inhibited the growth of the cancer cells. They observed cytotoxic properties against three human cancer cell lines, epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth, breast cancer, and small-cell lung cancer. The specific xanthones include alpha-mangostins, showed that mangosteen xanthones not only inhibit the proliferation of target cells but also induce their death by apoptosis that involves the activation of the caspase cascade. To establish a more precise mechanism of action, a cell free biochemical kinase assay against multiple cyclins/CDKs involved in cell cycle progression; the most significant inhibition in the cell free based assays was CDK4, a critical component of the G1 phase.Through molecular mo...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Potential Of Mangosteen Xanthones As Anti-Oral Cancer Agents By Induction Of Apoptosis","attachmentId":88225018,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82548029/Potential_Of_Mangosteen_Xanthones_As_Anti_Oral_Cancer_Agents_By_Induction_Of_Apoptosis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82548029/Potential_Of_Mangosteen_Xanthones_As_Anti_Oral_Cancer_Agents_By_Induction_Of_Apoptosis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="82398600" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82398600/Alpha_Mangostin_Activates_MOAP_1_Tumor_Suppressor_and_Mitochondrial_Signaling_in_MCF_7_Human_Breast_Cancer_Cells">Alpha-Mangostin Activates MOAP-1 Tumor Suppressor and Mitochondrial Signaling in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="206641705" href="https://thol.academia.edu/SamsonEuginSimon">Samson Eugin Simon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">α-Mangostin, one of the major constituents of Garcinia mangostana, has been reported to possess several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of apoptosis. However, the cellular signaling pathway mediated by α-mangostin has not been firmly established. To investigate the cellular activities of α-mangostin, human cancer cells, MCF-7 and MCF-7-CR cells, were treated with α-mangostin to measure the cellular responses, including cytotoxicity, protein-protein interaction, and protein expression. Cancer cells stably expressed Myc-BCL-XL and HA-MOAP-1 were also included in the studies to delineate the cell signaling events mediated by α-mangostin. Our results showed that the apoptosis signaling mediated by α-mangostin involves the upregulation of endogenous MOAP-1, which interacts with α-mangostin activated BAX (act-BAX) while downregulating the expression ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Alpha-Mangostin Activates MOAP-1 Tumor Suppressor and Mitochondrial Signaling in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells","attachmentId":88121836,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82398600/Alpha_Mangostin_Activates_MOAP_1_Tumor_Suppressor_and_Mitochondrial_Signaling_in_MCF_7_Human_Breast_Cancer_Cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82398600/Alpha_Mangostin_Activates_MOAP_1_Tumor_Suppressor_and_Mitochondrial_Signaling_in_MCF_7_Human_Breast_Cancer_Cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="50684546" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50684546/The_Protective_Effect_of_Alpha_Mangostin_against_Cisplatin_Induced_Cell_Death_in_LLC_PK1_Cells_is_Associated_to_Mitochondrial_Function_Preservation">The Protective Effect of Alpha-Mangostin against Cisplatin-Induced Cell Death in LLC-PK1 Cells is Associated to Mitochondrial Function Preservation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44059511" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdiliaTapia">Edilia Tapia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Antioxidants</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic agent that induces nephrotoxicity by different mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study aimed to evaluate if the protective effects of the antioxidant alpha-mangostin (αM) in CDDP-induced damage in proximal tubule Lilly laboratory culture porcine kidney (LLC-PK1) cells, are related to mitochondrial function preservation. It was found that αM co-incubation prevented CDDP-induced cell death. Furthermore, αM prevented the CDDP-induced decrease in cell respiratory states, in the maximum capacity of the electron transfer system (E) and in the respiration associated to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). CDDP also decreased the protein levels of voltage dependence anion channel (VDAC) and mitochondrial complex subunits, which together with the reduction in E, the mitofusin 2 decrease and the mitochondrial network fragmentation observed by MitoTrack...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Protective Effect of Alpha-Mangostin against Cisplatin-Induced Cell Death in LLC-PK1 Cells is Associated to Mitochondrial Function Preservation","attachmentId":68571200,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50684546/The_Protective_Effect_of_Alpha_Mangostin_against_Cisplatin_Induced_Cell_Death_in_LLC_PK1_Cells_is_Associated_to_Mitochondrial_Function_Preservation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50684546/The_Protective_Effect_of_Alpha_Mangostin_against_Cisplatin_Induced_Cell_Death_in_LLC_PK1_Cells_is_Associated_to_Mitochondrial_Function_Preservation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="70120575" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70120575/Alpha_mangostin_induces_apoptosis_through_activation_of_reactive_oxygen_species_and_ASK1_p38_signaling_pathway_in_cervical_cancer_cells">Alpha-mangostin induces apoptosis through activation of reactive oxygen species and ASK1/p38 signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39106027" href="https://cmu-tw.academia.edu/RHChou">Ruey-Hwang Chou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Oncotarget, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Alpha-mangostin, a natural xanthonoid, has been reported to possess the anti-cancer property in various types of human cancer. However, its effects and mechanism of α-mangostin in cervical cancer remain unclear. We found that α-mangostin effectively inhibited cell viability, resulted in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), release of cytochrome C, increase of Bax, decrease of Bcl-2, and activation of caspase-9/caspase-3 cascade in cervical cancer cells. Alpha-mangostin elevated the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate p38. Disrupting ASK1/p38 signaling pathway by a specific inhibitor of p38, or by the siRNAs against ASK1, MKK3/6, or p38, significantly abolished α-mangostin-induced cell death and apoptotic responses. Moreover, α-mangostin also repressed tumor growth in accordance with increased levels of p-ASK1, p-p38, cleaved-PARP and cleaved-caspase-3 in the tumor mass from the mouse xenograft model of cervical cancer. In the current study, we provided f...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Alpha-mangostin induces apoptosis through activation of reactive oxygen species and ASK1/p38 signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells","attachmentId":79982816,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70120575/Alpha_mangostin_induces_apoptosis_through_activation_of_reactive_oxygen_species_and_ASK1_p38_signaling_pathway_in_cervical_cancer_cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70120575/Alpha_mangostin_induces_apoptosis_through_activation_of_reactive_oxygen_species_and_ASK1_p38_signaling_pathway_in_cervical_cancer_cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="123596899" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123596899/Characterization_of_Novel_%CE%B1_Mangostin_and_Paeonol_Derivatives_With_Cancer_Selective_Cytotoxicity">Characterization of Novel α-Mangostin and Paeonol Derivatives With Cancer-Selective Cytotoxicity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="283163595" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MingHuaHsu">Ming-Hua Hsu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">α-Mangostin (aMan) and Paeonol (Pae) have shown anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, these two natural compounds have no clinical value because of their low solubility and low membrane permeability. In this study, we screened chemically synthesized derivatives from these two natural compounds as potential novel chemicals that increase cancer cell cytotoxicity over nontransformed human cells. We found that two derivative compounds, named α-Mangostin-1 (aMan1) and Paeonol-1 (Pae1) more efficiently and more specifically induced cytotoxicity in HCT116, HT29, and SW48 colorectal cancer cell lines than the parental compounds. Both aMan1 and Pae1 arrested HCT116 cells in the G1 phase and HT29 and SW48 cells in the G2–M phase of the cell cycle. Both aMan1 and Pae1 induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells, through a caspase-dependent mechanism. aMan1 and Pae1 induced selective transcriptional responses in colorectal cancer cells involving genes related to metabolic...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characterization of Novel α-Mangostin and Paeonol Derivatives With Cancer-Selective Cytotoxicity","attachmentId":117992376,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123596899/Characterization_of_Novel_%CE%B1_Mangostin_and_Paeonol_Derivatives_With_Cancer_Selective_Cytotoxicity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123596899/Characterization_of_Novel_%CE%B1_Mangostin_and_Paeonol_Derivatives_With_Cancer_Selective_Cytotoxicity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="14901040" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14901040/Effect_of_purified_%CE%B1_mangostin_from_mangosteen_pericarp_on_cytotoxicity_cell_cycle_arrest_and_apoptotic_gene_expression_in_human_cancer_cells">Effect of purified α-mangostin from mangosteen pericarp on cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic gene expression in human cancer cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5347698" href="https://independent.academia.edu/wjpsci">World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">α-Mangostin from pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. was purified and investigated on the anti-perliferation, anti-cancer activity on apoptotic-related gene expression and cell cycle arrest against human cancer cells. α-Mangostin was identified by 13C-NMR, DEPT 135-NMR, IR and MS. The peak of α-mangostin from HPLC chromatogram was monitored at 316 nm and displayed at retention time 20.9 minute. Ten human cancer cells showed the cytotoxicity by MTT assay after exposure to α-mangostin. Real-time RT-PCR was used to measure the apoptotic-related genes expression and flow cytometer was performed to analyze the cell cycle arrest. The ED50 on cytotoxicity of α-mangostin obtained from 5 breast cancer cells were between 8.21-15.41 µg/ml; from 2 ovarian cancer cells were 8.15-33.4 µg/ml; from 1 liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell was 6.12±0.32 µg/ml and from 2 colon cancer cells were 8.63-18.98 µg/ml. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratios were increased in all cancer cells suggested that it might induce cell death by apoptotic pathway. α-Mangostin demonstrated at G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest by flow cytrometric analysis. α-Mangostin showed anti-proliferation activities to all 10 cancer cells. This compound should be further investigated for understanding the mechanisms of action and in vivo model study to justify that α-mangostin is effective for prevention and treatment of cancers. Key Words: -mangostin, mangosteen, validation method, cytotoxicity, cancer, cell cycle, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of purified α-mangostin from mangosteen pericarp on cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic gene expression in human cancer cells","attachmentId":38466369,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14901040/Effect_of_purified_%CE%B1_mangostin_from_mangosteen_pericarp_on_cytotoxicity_cell_cycle_arrest_and_apoptotic_gene_expression_in_human_cancer_cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14901040/Effect_of_purified_%CE%B1_mangostin_from_mangosteen_pericarp_on_cytotoxicity_cell_cycle_arrest_and_apoptotic_gene_expression_in_human_cancer_cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="43060980" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43060980/Beta_mangostin_demonstrates_apoptogenesis_in_murine_leukaemia_WEHI_3_cells_in_vitro_and_in_vivo">Beta-mangostin demonstrates apoptogenesis in murine leukaemia (WEHI-3) cells in vitro and in vivo</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="158110727" href="https://unam1.academia.edu/LaboratoriohematopoyesisLeucemia">Laboratorio hematopoyesis Leucemia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine , 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Beta-mangostin (BM) is a xanthone-type of natural compound isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens. This study aimed to examine the apoptosis mechanisms induced by BM in a murine monomyelocytic cell line (WEHI-3) in vitro and in vivo.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Beta-mangostin demonstrates apoptogenesis in murine leukaemia (WEHI-3) cells in vitro and in vivo","attachmentId":63320632,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43060980/Beta_mangostin_demonstrates_apoptogenesis_in_murine_leukaemia_WEHI_3_cells_in_vitro_and_in_vivo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43060980/Beta_mangostin_demonstrates_apoptogenesis_in_murine_leukaemia_WEHI_3_cells_in_vitro_and_in_vivo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="15339878" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15339878/Involvement_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_HSP70_signaling_pathways_in_the_apoptosis_of_MDA_MB_231_cells_induced_by_a_prenylated_xanthone_compound_%CE%B1_mangostin_from_Cratoxylum_arborescens">Involvement of NF-κB and HSP70 signaling pathways in the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells induced by a prenylated xanthone compound, α-mangostin, from Cratoxylum arborescens</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6545678" href="https://cardiff.academia.edu/MohamedIbrahim">Mohamed Ibrahim</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34459209" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FirouzehDehghan">Firouzeh Dehghan</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="305137287" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NajihahHashim10">Najihah Hashim</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Drug design, development and therapy, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Cratoxylum arborescens has been used traditionally in Malaysia for the treatment of various ailments. α-Mangostin (AM) was isolated from C. arborescens and its cell death mechanism was investigated. AM-induced cytotoxicity was observed with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and annexin V were used to detect cells in early phases of apoptosis. High-content screening was used to observe the nuclear condensation, cell permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release. The role of caspases-3/7, -8, and -9, reactive oxygen species, Bcl-2 and Bax expression, and cell cycle arrest were also investigated. To determine the role of the central apoptosis-related proteins, a protein array followed by immunoblot analysis was conducted. Moreover, the involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was also analyzed. Apoptosis was confirmed by the apoptotic cells stained with annexin V and in...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Involvement of NF-κB and HSP70 signaling pathways in the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells induced by a prenylated xanthone compound, α-mangostin, from Cratoxylum arborescens","attachmentId":43319181,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15339878/Involvement_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_HSP70_signaling_pathways_in_the_apoptosis_of_MDA_MB_231_cells_induced_by_a_prenylated_xanthone_compound_%CE%B1_mangostin_from_Cratoxylum_arborescens","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15339878/Involvement_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_HSP70_signaling_pathways_in_the_apoptosis_of_MDA_MB_231_cells_induced_by_a_prenylated_xanthone_compound_%CE%B1_mangostin_from_Cratoxylum_arborescens"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":48420666,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":48420666,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_48420666" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="99944416" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99944416/Protective_effects_of_%CE%B3_mangostin_on_6_OHDA_induced_toxicity_in_SH_SY5Y_cells">Protective effects of γ-mangostin on 6-OHDA-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="222917213" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Ratanachamnong">Piyanee Ratanachamnong</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuroscience letters, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Protective effects of γ-mangostin on 6-OHDA-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells","attachmentId":100898863,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99944416/Protective_effects_of_%CE%B3_mangostin_on_6_OHDA_induced_toxicity_in_SH_SY5Y_cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99944416/Protective_effects_of_%CE%B3_mangostin_on_6_OHDA_induced_toxicity_in_SH_SY5Y_cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="48877268" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48877268/Cytotoxic_Activity_of_Mangosteen_I_Garcinia_mangostana_I_L_Peel_Extract_and_and_945_mangostin_toward_Leukemia_Cell_Lines_HL_60_and_K_562_">Cytotoxic Activity of Mangosteen (<I>Garcinia mangostana</I> L.) Peel Extract and &#945;-mangostin toward Leukemia Cell Lines (HL-60 and K-562)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="97204743" href="https://independent.academia.edu/arinanovilla">arina novilla</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Natural Remedies, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cytotoxic Activity of Mangosteen (\u003cI\u003eGarcinia mangostana\u003c/I\u003e L.) 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js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="79802556" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79802556/Cytotoxic_Geranylated_Xanthones_and_O_Alkylated_Derivatives_of_%CE%B1_Mangostin">Cytotoxic Geranylated Xanthones and O-Alkylated Derivatives of α-Mangostin</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="106680647" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OleVang2">Ole Vang</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cytotoxic Geranylated Xanthones and O-Alkylated Derivatives of α-Mangostin","attachmentId":86394494,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79802556/Cytotoxic_Geranylated_Xanthones_and_O_Alkylated_Derivatives_of_%CE%B1_Mangostin","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79802556/Cytotoxic_Geranylated_Xanthones_and_O_Alkylated_Derivatives_of_%CE%B1_Mangostin"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="63030476" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63030476/_Mangostin_Enhances_Betulinic_Acid_Cytotoxicity_and_Inhibits_Cisplatin_Cytotoxicity_on_HCT_116_Colorectal_Carcinoma_Cells">��-Mangostin Enhances Betulinic Acid Cytotoxicity and Inhibits Cisplatin Cytotoxicity on HCT 116 Colorectal Carcinoma Cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2855657" href="https://usm.academia.edu/AminShah">Amin Shah</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecules, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"��-Mangostin Enhances Betulinic Acid Cytotoxicity and Inhibits Cisplatin Cytotoxicity on HCT 116 Colorectal Carcinoma 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js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="71994641" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71994641/Redox_Imbalance_and_Mitochondrial_Release_of_Apoptogenic_Factors_at_the_Forefront_of_the_Antitumor_Action_of_Mango_Peel_Extract">Redox Imbalance and Mitochondrial Release of Apoptogenic Factors at the Forefront of the Antitumor Action of Mango Peel Extract</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="62958982" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ADAnneo">Antonella D'Anneo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecules, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Redox 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