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Kodifitseerimine – Vikipeedia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ajalugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ajalugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ajalugu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ajalooline_koolkond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ajalooline_koolkond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ajalooline koolkond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ajalooline_koolkond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kodifitseerimise_ajalugu_Eestis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kodifitseerimise_ajalugu_Eestis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kodifitseerimise ajalugu Eestis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kodifitseerimise_ajalugu_Eestis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tähtsamad_kodifikatsioonid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tähtsamad_kodifikatsioonid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tähtsamad kodifikatsioonid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tähtsamad_kodifikatsioonid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kodifitseerimine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 40 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codificaci%C3%B3n" title="Codificación – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Codificación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodla%C5%9Fd%C4%B1r%C4%B1lma" title="Kodlaşdırılma – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kodlaşdırılma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodifikasi" title="Kodifikasi – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kodifikasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Кодлаштырыу – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кодлаштырыу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кодификация – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кодификация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codificaci%C3%B3_(dret)" title="Codificació (dret) – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Codificació (dret)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodifikace_(pr%C3%A1vo)" title="Kodifikace (právo) – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kodifikace (právo)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodifikation" title="Kodifikation – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kodifikation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodifikation" title="Kodifikation – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kodifikation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law) – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Codification (law)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codificaci%C3%B3n_(derecho)" title="Codificación (derecho) – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Codificación (derecho)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodigo" title="Kodigo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kodigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="کدیفیکاسیون – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کدیفیکاسیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codification_(droit)" title="Codification (droit) – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Codification (droit)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կոդիֆիկացիա – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոդիֆիկացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="विधिसंहिता का इतिहास – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विधिसंहिता का इतिहास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codificazione" title="Codificazione – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Codificazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="קודיפיקציה – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קודיפיקציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кодификация – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кодификация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normat%C4%ABvo_aktu_sistematiz%C4%81cija" title="Normatīvo aktu sistematizācija – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Normatīvo aktu sistematizācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodifikacija" title="Kodifikacija – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kodifikacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodifik%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Kodifikáció – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kodifikáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codificatie" title="Codificatie – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Codificatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8%E5%8C%96" title="法典化 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="法典化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodifisering" title="Kodifisering – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kodifisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodifisering" title="Kodifisering – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kodifisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codificacion_(drech)" title="Codificacion (drech) – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Codificacion (drech)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodyfikacja" title="Kodyfikacja – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kodyfikacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_jur%C3%ADdica" title="Codificação jurídica – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Codificação jurídica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codificare_(drept)" title="Codificare (drept) – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Codificare (drept)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кодификация – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кодификация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кодификация – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кодификация" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law) – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Codification (law)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodifiointi" title="Kodifiointi – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kodifiointi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodifikation" title="Kodifikation – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kodifikation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1p_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83n_h%C3%B3a" title="Pháp điển hóa – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pháp điển hóa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodifikasyon" title="Kodifikasyon – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kodifikasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Кодифікація – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кодифікація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codificasyon_(balaod)" title="Codificasyon (balaod) – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Codificasyon (balaod)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8%E5%8C%96" title="法典化 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法典化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214214#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda 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Kooskõlastatakse <a href="/wiki/%C3%95igusnorm" title="Õigusnorm">normid</a>, täidetakse lüngad ja vajadusel luuakse kogumikku veel uusi norme.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kodifitseerimise eesmärk on eelkõige <a href="/wiki/%C3%95iguskindlus" title="Õiguskindlus">õiguskindluse</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%95igusselgus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Õigusselgus (pole veel kirjutatud)">õigusselguse</a> loomine, lisaks annab see ülevaate kehtivast õigusest.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Suurem kodifitseerimine, eriti <a href="/wiki/Euroopa" title="Euroopa">Euroopas</a>, sai alguse <a href="/wiki/Rooma_%C3%B5iguse_retseptsioon" title="Rooma õiguse retseptsioon">Rooma õiguse retseptsioonist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oiguse-ent_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oiguse-ent-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ajalugu">Ajalugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodifitseerimine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Ajalugu&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodifitseerimine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Ajalugu&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kõige varasemad seaduste koodeksid on pärit juba aastast 2100 eKr. <a href="/wiki/Ur-Namma" title="Ur-Namma">Ur-Nammu</a> koodeks on teadaolevalt vanim säilinud seaduste kogumik, see on säilinud osadena.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Peale selle on vanade seaduskogude seas tähtsamad <a href="/wiki/Hammurapi_seadused" title="Hammurapi seadused">Hammurapi koodeks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rooma_riik" title="Rooma riik">Vana-Rooma</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaheteistk%C3%BCmne_tahvli_seadused" title="Kaheteistkümne tahvli seadused">kaheteistkümne tahvli seadused</a> ja <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_iuris_civilis" title="Corpus iuris civilis">Corpus iuris civilis</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bab%C3%BCloonia" title="Babüloonia">Babüloonia</a> kuninga <a href="/wiki/Hammurapi" title="Hammurapi">Hammurapi</a> (<a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>–<a href="/wiki/1686" title="1686">1686</a> eKr) poolt koostada lastud temanimeline koodeks <a href="/wiki/18._sajand_eKr" title="18. sajand eKr">18. sajandist eKr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Koodeksi sätted raiuti kivisambasse.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kaheteistk%C3%BCmne_tahvli_seadused" title="Kaheteistkümne tahvli seadused">Kaheteistkümne tahvli seadused</a> (<i>leges duodecim tabularum</i>) koostati Vana-Roomas <a href="/wiki/450_eKr" title="450 eKr">450. a eKr</a>. Nendest on säilinud üksikud osad ning nende sätetele on mitu korda viidatud <a href="/wiki/Justinianus_I" title="Justinianus I">keiser Justinianuse</a> tsiviilõiguse kogumikus (<i>Corpus iuris civilis</i>). Paljud kaheteistkümne tahvli seaduste sätted on meile teada ainult <i>Corpus iuris civilis</i>’e kaudu.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enne ei olnud Vana-Roomas õiguse kodifitseerimiseks vajadust olnud, aga Bütsantsi ajal ei olnud enam võimalik aru saada, mis on kehtiv õigus – millised imperaatorite korraldused on kehtivad. Sellepärast lasi Bütsantsi keiser Justinianus <a href="/wiki/529" title="529">529</a>–<a href="/wiki/543" title="543">543</a>. a pKr koostada seaduskogu <i>Corpus iuris civilis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mandri-Euroopa" title="Mandri-Euroopa">Kontinentaal-Euroopas</a> sai suurem normide kodifitseerimine alguse <a href="/wiki/12._sajand" title="12. sajand">12</a>–<a href="/wiki/13._sajand" title="13. sajand">13 sajandil</a>, kui algas Rooma õiguse retseptsioon ehk Rooma õiguse ülevõtmine. Retseptsiooni käigus koguti ühe valdkonna kohta käiv materjal kokku ning sellest moodustus seadustik ehk kodifikatsioon.<sup id="cite_ref-oiguse-ent_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oiguse-ent-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rooma õiguse retseptsiooni aluseks oli eelkõige <i>Corpus iuris civilis</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ajalooline_koolkond">Ajalooline koolkond</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodifitseerimine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Ajalooline koolkond&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodifitseerimine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Ajalooline koolkond&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ajalooline_koolkond" title="Ajalooline koolkond">Ajalooline koolkond</a> ja selle ideed eesotsas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savigny&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Savigny (pole veel kirjutatud)">Fr. C. von Savignyga</a> (<a href="/wiki/1779" title="1779">1779</a>–<a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>) said takistuseks selle aja suurele kodifitseerimisele. Koolkonna arvates ei peaks õigust kunstlikult looma, vaid see peaks välja kasvama loomulikult <a href="/wiki/Tava%C3%B5igus" title="Tavaõigus">tavaõigusest</a>. Nad arvasid, et enne tuleb tavaõigused allikad läbi töötada ja süstematiseerida ning alles siis saab need kodifitseerida ühtseks.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Seega, ajalooline koolkond oli kodifitseerimiste vastu, kuna selline seadusloome ei olevat loomulik. </p><p>Savigny arvates ei olnud <a href="/wiki/Keskaeg" title="Keskaeg">keskaja</a> Euroopas vajadus mitte kodifikatsioonide, vaid õigusteaduse järele. Ta pani rõhku just teadusele, arvates, et kui ei tunta veel piisavalt Vana-Rooma õigust, mis oli tema arvates olnud kõige teaduslikum õigus, pole mõtet hakata tegelema enda õiguse muutmisega. Savigny oli seega kodifitseerimine vastu, sest arvas, et seda ei ole vaja.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kodifitseerimise_ajalugu_Eestis">Kodifitseerimise ajalugu Eestis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodifitseerimine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Kodifitseerimise ajalugu Eestis&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodifitseerimine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Kodifitseerimise ajalugu Eestis&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selle kohta, kas 13. sajandil Kontinentaal-Euroopas alanaud retseptsioon mõjutas Eestimaad, pole palju teada. Eestisse jõudis Rooma õigus põhiliselt kiriku kaudu Taani kuninga võimu ajal.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hiljem, alates <a href="/wiki/16._sajand" title="16. sajand">16. sajandist</a>, mõjutas <a href="/wiki/Baltimaad" title="Baltimaad">Baltimaade</a> arengut eelkõige <a href="/wiki/Saksamaa" title="Saksamaa">Saksamaal</a> toimuv.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rooma õiguse retseptsioon toimus Eestimaal <a href="/wiki/15._sajand" title="15. sajand">15.</a> ja 16. sajandil.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rooma õigus pääses Eestisse paljuski Saksa ülikoolides käinud haritlaste kaudu.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/19._sajand" title="19. sajand">19. sajandil</a> hakati <a href="/wiki/Venemaa" title="Venemaa">Venemaal</a> seadusi kodifitseerima, koos sellega ka Baltimaade seadused. <a href="/wiki/Balti_provintsiaalseadustik" title="Balti provintsiaalseadustik">Balti provintsiaalseadustik</a> anti välja kolmes jaos. Tsiviilõiguse kodifitseerimise ülesanne anti <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Georg_von_Bunge" title="Friedrich Georg von Bunge">Friedrich Georg von Bungele</a>, tulemuseks oli provintsiaalseadustiku kolmas ja mahukaim jagu, <a href="/wiki/Balti_eraseadus" title="Balti eraseadus">Balti eraseadus</a> (BES). See sisaldas ka <a href="/wiki/Rooma_%C3%B5igus" title="Rooma õigus">Rooma õigust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Provintsiaalseadustiku IV ja V jagu (tsiviil- ja kriminaalprotsess) jäi venestuse tõttu välja andmata. </p><p>Eesti ajal, 1938. aastal, algas kõigi Eesti seaduste kodifikatsiooni, <a href="/wiki/Seaduste_Kogu" title="Seaduste Kogu">Seaduste Kogu</a>, väljaandmine XV köites, millest tegelikult jõuti avaldada ainult neli (I, IV, VI ja XI). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tähtsamad_kodifikatsioonid"><span id="T.C3.A4htsamad_kodifikatsioonid"></span>Tähtsamad kodifikatsioonid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodifitseerimine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Tähtsamad kodifikatsioonid&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodifitseerimine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Tähtsamad kodifikatsioonid&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ur-Nammu (2100 eKr)</li> <li>Hammurapi koodeks (18. sajand eKr)</li> <li>Kaheteistkümne tahvli seadused (450 eKr)</li> <li>Corpus iuris civilis (529–543 pKr)</li> <li>Russkaja Pravda (<i>Правда роусьска</i>) (1017)</li> <li>Code Civil / <a href="/wiki/Napoleoni_koodeks" title="Napoleoni koodeks">Napoleoni koodeks</a> (1804)</li> <li>BES (Balti eraseadus) (1865)</li> <li>BGB (<i>Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch</i>) (1900)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodifitseerimine&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Viited&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodifitseerimine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Viited&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entsyklopeedia.ee/artikkel/kodifitseerimine1">"Eesti Entsüklopeedia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Eesti+Ents%C3%BCklopeedia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentsyklopeedia.ee%2Fartikkel%2Fkodifitseerimine1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AKodifitseerimine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.just.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/oiguspoliitika/oiguse-revisjon-ja-oigusloome-arendamine">"Justiitsministeerium"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Justiitsministeerium&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.just.ee%2Fet%2Feesmargid-tegevused%2Foiguspoliitika%2Foiguse-revisjon-ja-oigusloome-arendamine&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AKodifitseerimine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oiguse-ent-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-oiguse-ent_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-oiguse-ent_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFR._Narits1993" class="citation book cs1">R. 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Rooma õigus subsidiaarõigusena Eestimaal rootsi ajal. - Õigus 1931/2, lk 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rooma õiguse ajalugu. Dotsent Uluotsa loengute järele programmile wastawalt kokku seadnud Tartu ülikooli juura üliõpilased. Tartu 1923, lk 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rooma õiguse ajalugu. Dotsent Uluotsa loengute järele programmile wastawalt kokku seadnud Tartu ülikooli juura üliõpilased. Tartu 1923, lk 67.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐cc877b49b‐vvc7w Cached time: 20241127121649 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.145 seconds Real time usage: 0.165 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 568/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9498/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28321/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.090/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3591114/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 133.108 1 Mall:Viited 100.00% 133.108 1 -total 68.11% 90.657 4 Mall:Netiviide 23.17% 30.842 6 Mall:Raamatuviide --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key etwiki:pcache:569739:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241127121649 and revision id 6713026. 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