CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133ff7a5d3f4484',cH: 'ezgaBpxmePQLkTpMDYXVZKdJOSkdGEhEH_HAWn_KBlY-1739776649-1.2.1.1-7tJHwh5Wk7dacZEcmr9CAWBKybfhnHTe7jDf3b3Ilzi2P1Ss.h4eAIxkh0fOD4jO',cUPMDTk: "\/10013489\/json?__cf_chl_tk=c8bAiyq03T6rlIfVEW40gMY0R91rXgqIKUTSoWUOsVk-1739776649-1.0.1.1-XKBSvl0adSEeRIOkaCjw16Z_yzY2J5oCrLbRFh1UPQU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739776649',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10013489\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=c8bAiyq03T6rlIfVEW40gMY0R91rXgqIKUTSoWUOsVk-1739776649-1.0.1.1-XKBSvl0adSEeRIOkaCjw16Z_yzY2J5oCrLbRFh1UPQU",md: "806fQBlFHH6exhWRQk5rPrABvYeaDpuQm70ppBu9j1E-1739776649-1.2.1.1-293sNOKSmbMRiIrPPce4DR2DbsCVEvOVl2q8jDh3paG8CAnbENlJFWyrRX.eZCcFUfLXCoVSCkNpGK6m.RcnpsdPDvsFq5RKo3Atj2XnmKLWm2FTMLEXs.SMg1IC8yQQMh6xfAXUH7mg7EF7SrsR9xk51.PqoNO49biaCdWAY6.cLxttbs3JqCPUX4HQKCMlw0bdq1FLBgXregtKSP3ei0Df3zeyAVmf8n.fCzNUiESMICrmEm_V2EVsEbV6D26H8YBhjSGtZ0NKD3SXFM1TKZGwusM2lbd8r_Qq8zAvAV4JMNDPk1S9akKayHPVS4nBHgvKRQyeZeI7gDvJHBY7hJI7OKQ3WEDqPCyo36Dq7iw2faLTtzypvd57.xgBIWAryN7_qUlrlvnxdYu3C042eVkHPxVdrOowAph635ld4cqD3D38gehq9ecIk3UAvv3d.hp7PHt4viETshAXJyVIjpQFm_9Di2FVF_KzEbmgZhN03ua2ZkhOVRHEGVnWT9cK5E30uhb0C5LNhg2MOJvtx8YvfA_uzn3.Yo7vFpdcj_jvJeF3KmvJ8vRycpIx492ivXvBd6UJYYVvsv9cHlEKXStgfr41yeAaSC_BBNJUoV1izw2CGwbP2K4hM8Fa9xd.xdSjFay4X4rj.prtNfkAwqSO_weJ1kWazfy1Y6pe55FQZpm3akP83TZ6NmpgHVHG6eQ8Ce66bKqcS9bSW9tNGcPDEWvhgJ9wibcM6jIdiGcij8ZAuMLtATNCd.FXbiwiH2JGh4_bXsI4xbi_2RcWp2igG_X_XP0iGMVkF4e1kxShaZZSIwz5VnED8bynfC.ne7PzsgJ9R4EH3hx5iRzhmtbJee53ofvZhpyLTnHSsu9.rJTzKMw79N5_dNw_jSukfi6mwY9NZMDcX04oS4khXrhSY.1vwrxolMysStaBcjNXA1WZa4IE5jrwwXcjUmTzgjs4MMs7o33PR3uHCiLhETR205mTB0n14WMMV2iYaSZdAvgvy0_WTF_0Njnax4ORv4uSvtJvi4kZRbNLJOKNbElY175lMfn43zh1ygblkK7zJQbGeUKguXBrbjLcZBSLLSnVNg_px.ivov3WjYjdZZGjZLCsONWUoxylsjmBOsqSQfr6eTV7aD5RiW.dtWU.gkAn4UoivxxDCjk5gBAgA_DpEYWuvrJsk_kzbFI5TxIbf4LyfXcuzfkfgn6HpJ6qfIQAbcdd.l6l98_ETFGFXscFyg1nQgJIOBqQ9dmCk3bRmDCuiexVC57BKHyqp12jprw3EQKyWSxIV3ACavWRp7okkMy_eYO.1kfkhiv7BAZyToULTLMdBH5_QbuTVxrp_AgG7.1Q12T8JlTXS9C7yS2NY5FuxfA7KErsCsMI8wfD3GpV5XMlZO3OZDOA091b6k9Ze9qQcif3ICYFxR1cpktGHXPXxwo.aoc0lQRm8uJY_0wWioMvP_dfTUTk.bLnIAB4ZEhY6T.6sMR3THCZYC_9.Q.JWr4X18mjWPHHO4BHbjBnM9ugX2.lkw_vEU0lfYUsXoj7rh8YqwbdTLv9CSw20GORrfK_Od1mh_79lyczIEScStfguAwsKvaJmd6kf4nShbMahkXYG8zhFN2bp3VtsNFFdeIowA9RQn_A5br4EqutiraYIE1ivtt_ydQBQ4ngFRFYXNfp8BaeMevp9C9Yuzr3dSUZ2Qxn6Eexjlj5IZDnI5Ii9DAP9gnqpB0A.Eu1d2F2xPD.nTTw6MroClOIpDrPEdXWSOiIhyilMh8.P.GjxLzhTZ_GuaCpAjgcag17STstpEqzn0nhf16LzFGr2CAR9dAvS7MdmEjKJjwCvdJbGydXro6oERTEKCmw_iMnPSdPaLAFQEKfmisdrIwJ6bnb_YctIXA59Eo8.LE",mdrd: "NnMX9KYEJMD8Tm8D80lF3kCn_edTe_1k5L57ysZSXZI-1739776649-1.2.1.1-9UjfQ7a1HN8Z5PARbXkXVE2VDZZP1iUlu2Uiu_aHDKGgnp_P0f2ZVzOCUSYs2nnWY3gFe3MZM3THcUhfjNB.AchWwfzBm48HmFhW791Zsy2kjhW0glGEQNbv5iTAWY62JF_leJ8_kn7Fzi3YqWHry2b3tgVWr03mI0a1XdRnuCz96GEtn59XwBlOStOkxozxL_l4aQxsNctDM2Jx4ULLN.zckfD7T.ScvKqWS0.3G.2aScq1gN2gc4NLACatI93zpSAEaGfnTBkQY6jlwOC8M8yg2kDXqQE8Y0ImOMEoxAUQ5h.Au7kzVWij5i9VJhzo0wf_Qs8jiU3VVJWRESsgvPSjFLSY6ornvr_jqt5mu.koQKGKeL528JsLUrG58Ftn1zhLYK0lwqWt1vEP8yJOmRLCKTJltSESMEwNarfj8grwgVE.LvW46yTU1glCAx5IrYatE.toySMDZZkrUf2laBghUqCImDyAklUeKIjRO1HbewM9dVuQIJATGdEPaHZxnyA6PF8ZGlPGUHyD1mxPbLanNoICH1NoMqwVwYMp3Kh9sDbi623ibh4M4gSEtFRbozC2G8gHnj0AuhcqilVAhcNaQyPj.EjXKtb9ceidEVbf45MO2xZLjxai1Jouq1XKmtkae4I1MQCIDNdzdb4DBJIadJWGsPaVpkJ8gqbj5ugK0KoBPkZ5MgIyFAdCB1EpxSSdOnNy9Ujnf5HIckZsUwNeqyWUf8Ue.i8Y2lEqCij3JJEEx1oC40_VaBP_KIwaZ7c5H0.iK26DSwnqpz5vmhpxPdc6vJOia2DeOgBdixUFGKOlEiS.PqUaGTa91YMVfE9WoilzvYHI21V9PeqsyBm6IWgy_5a7ephMRh2sytqicpSDR4UZ4clHSkrVPHljaSyOnTPAddPxPlhd74pK4Ko7RvlTrVVTly_zX._DT70Z4ovealaZMt7q6A7Gi42M9pZAXnp48kUXaPurLDHrm2gXJnUhKj70RgU9M9TBU5T6nVtnKT.d_i3FAcApot_oAGRPrwR.LvhmVqAjLXbyCpZ9fpvrAGaCXXAHE.SyJIoSpryKhK.T9iOpXw6hrefPZXHzBD0gzbQ3VSptEUnC5H9sscwSdghp6sSybKanS0TAWt5g.58.wUrdraBMztOtuIliwp65OUl_UJHYopISCcdxyCJKGZxhwiQez4c0aMWIz0PLzbJrzDfyRT0xQP_lXxt76OzSkOf.wb60gAEOGn8KGNJdtTSma7uc9P40_38HdIW0RRQzHyTaq.0NLpFANNCGAa6xVtfxiRIbpPD6rK1Os8EtpE5iP0sO9zCMjYkV_nRpJEJF4Ax4.g08kzyc0Jb9tKf_nMuNq2OFEXyvMUTNQdjOZinD8.zgF_Sq4TwvNdjF1GlRse0brvVZh7dpU4CsHjVVOBH6N7XxtPFzlcL0OLe04Ibfzi9HUDyeoKcMMVZ5L.X_IKgsXJAuGWPLtzxVcVkCsDlyieANia2ox6Wg999gbojJqKdCu3yXyKV6S4zdGTeEimDQ1DRv.NLHDdu3ffxC7yrUoVyfNTQaAGj.71_af.k2ou2N25864hJu3xyszaQFJkXC8kWmVvNDTQ2qyhfaFWLZlc6wDiKXJo7cxyjk5k27gRvgAc9SrmR1noYDCVYnVVNL.VYfqLpDNNS_8v3xEMw3HIjJ0y37fS_LJpAJwBZXmkxjRQ.7X.Fn3QEi7WIwlRjkMJoYiPjG4Jke62dvG5170fxxdAVz0iPsn1tYgpn18LxhdDv2nFumV2XHR2iCrU55OrGYuQozW9VuAqO4_Ii3nyi9WuIhduoMjGfZxCbSXeWxTachnxbsOEeuAGPJerWB5mmMztI2Oj_MecR2W1FE.UJhzmelkJAOyClxn0efPmLw.cn9WUVZPmplQKs.ECiVuewkDhfTb24hBBZmyF7DDe9AF5g21rIbgjyx.0itVS7pYpxPcQUtYO2Wel1aTxAxKzGMk4lg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133ff7a5d3f4484';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10013489\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=c8bAiyq03T6rlIfVEW40gMY0R91rXgqIKUTSoWUOsVk-1739776649-1.0.1.1-XKBSvl0adSEeRIOkaCjw16Z_yzY2J5oCrLbRFh1UPQU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>