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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_laboratories,_institutes_and_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_laboratories,_institutes_and_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Independent laboratories, institutes and centers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Independent_laboratories,_institutes_and_centers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Independent laboratories, institutes and centers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Independent_laboratories,_institutes_and_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Center_for_the_Study_of_Language_and_Information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Center_for_the_Study_of_Language_and_Information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Center for the Study of Language and Information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Center_for_the_Study_of_Language_and_Information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directors_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stanford_Humanities_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanford_Humanities_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Stanford Humanities Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stanford_Humanities_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fellowships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fellowships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Fellowships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fellowships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_Workshops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_Workshops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Research Workshops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_Workshops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manuscript_Review_Workshops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manuscript_Review_Workshops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Manuscript Review Workshops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manuscript_Review_Workshops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_Lectures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_Lectures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>Public Lectures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_Lectures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_Humanities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_Humanities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.6</span> <span>Digital Humanities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_Humanities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Visitors_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Visitors_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.7</span> <span>International Visitors Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Visitors_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hume_Undergraduate_Fellowships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hume_Undergraduate_Fellowships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.8</span> <span>Hume Undergraduate Fellowships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hume_Undergraduate_Fellowships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directors_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.9</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinguished_Careers_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinguished_Careers_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Distinguished Careers Institute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinguished_Careers_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stanford_High_School_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanford_High_School_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Stanford High School Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stanford_High_School_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_research_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_research_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other research centers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_research_centers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other research centers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_research_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stanford_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanford_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stanford_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demise_and_rebirth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demise_and_rebirth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Demise and rebirth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demise_and_rebirth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stanford_Center_for_Entrepreneurial_Studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanford_Center_for_Entrepreneurial_Studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Stanford Center for Entrepreneurial Studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stanford_Center_for_Entrepreneurial_Studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Center_for_Computer_Research_in_Music_and_Acoustics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Center_for_Computer_Research_in_Music_and_Acoustics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Center_for_Computer_Research_in_Music_and_Acoustics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Knoll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Knoll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>The Knoll</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Knoll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stanford_Institute_for_Creativity_and_the_Arts_(SiCa)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanford_Institute_for_Creativity_and_the_Arts_(SiCa)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Stanford Institute for Creativity and the Arts (SiCa)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stanford_Institute_for_Creativity_and_the_Arts_(SiCa)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Performance_of_Dams_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Performance_of_Dams_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>National Performance of Dams Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Performance_of_Dams_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Michelle_R._Clayman_Institute_for_Gender_Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Michelle_R._Clayman_Institute_for_Gender_Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Michelle R. Clayman Institute for Gender Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Michelle_R._Clayman_Institute_for_Gender_Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fellowships_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fellowships_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.3</span> <span>Fellowships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fellowships_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directors_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.4</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Research_and_Education_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Research_and_Education_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Research_and_Education_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stanford_Internet_Observatory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanford_Internet_Observatory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Stanford Internet Observatory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stanford_Internet_Observatory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stanford_Institute_for_Human-Centered_Artificial_Intelligence_(HAI)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanford_Institute_for_Human-Centered_Artificial_Intelligence_(HAI)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stanford_Institute_for_Human-Centered_Artificial_Intelligence_(HAI)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stanford_HAI's_Role_in_Governor_Gavin_Newsom's_AI_Policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stanford_HAI's_Role_in_Governor_Gavin_Newsom's_AI_Policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1</span> <span>Stanford HAI's Role in Governor Gavin Newsom's AI Policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stanford_HAI's_Role_in_Governor_Gavin_Newsom's_AI_Policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiliations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiliations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Affiliations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affiliations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory">Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">University and college laboratories</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> has many centers and institutes dedicated to the study of various specific topics. These centers and institutes may be within a department, within a school but across departments, an independent laboratory, institute or center reporting directly to the dean of research and outside any school, or semi-independent of the university itself. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Independent_laboratories,_institutes_and_centers"><span id="Independent_laboratories.2C_institutes_and_centers"></span>Independent laboratories, institutes and centers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Independent laboratories, institutes and centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These report directly to the vice-provost and dean of research and are outside any school though any faculty involved in them must belong to a department in one of the schools. These include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_Bio-X_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford University Bio-X Initiative (page does not exist)">Bio-X</a> and Spectrum in the area of Biological and Life Sciences; <a href="/wiki/Precourt_Institute_for_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Precourt Institute for Energy">Precourt Institute for Energy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Woods_Institute_for_the_Environment" title="Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment">Woods Institute for the Environment</a> in the Environmental Sciences area; the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Study_in_the_Behavioral_Sciences" title="Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences">Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences</a> (CASBS), the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) (see below), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) (see below), Human-Sciences and Technologies Advance Research Institute (H-STAR), Stanford Center on Longevity (SCL), Stanford Humanities Center (see below), and the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Institute_for_Economic_Policy_Research" title="Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research">Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research</a> (SIEPR) in the area of Humanities and Social Sciences; and, for Physical Sciences, the Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, the <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Advanced_Materials" title="Laboratory for Advanced Materials">Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kavli_Institute_for_Particle_Astrophysics_and_Cosmology" title="Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology">Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_PULSE_Institute" title="Stanford PULSE Institute">Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering (PULSE)</a>, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences (SIMES),<sup id="cite_ref-simes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory (HEPL).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Center_for_the_Study_of_Language_and_Information">Center for the Study of Language and Information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Center for the Study of Language and Information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Center for the Study of Language and Information</b> (<b>CSLI</b>) is an independent research center at Stanford University. Founded in 1983 by philosophers, computer scientists, linguists, and psychologists from Stanford, <a href="/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox PARC">Xerox PARC</a>, it strives to study all forms of <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a> and improve how humans and computers acquire and process it. </p><p>CSLI was initially funded by a US$15 million grant from the System Development Foundation (SDF) for the Situated Language Project, the name of which reflects the strong influence of the work on <a href="/wiki/Situation_semantics" title="Situation semantics">situation semantics</a> by philosophers <a href="/wiki/John_Perry_(philosopher)" title="John Perry (philosopher)">John Perry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Barwise" title="Jon Barwise">Jon Barwise</a>, two of the initial leaders of CSLI. This funding supported operations for the first few years as well as the construction of Cordura Hall. Subsequent funding has come from research grants and from an industrial affiliates program. </p><p>CSLI's publications branch, founded and still headed by Dikran Karagueuzian, has grown into an important publisher of work in linguistics and related fields. Researchers associated with CSLI include <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Kaplan" title="Ronald Kaplan">Ronald Kaplan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Suppes" title="Patrick Suppes">Patrick Suppes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Zalta" title="Edward N. Zalta">Edward N. Zalta</a>, the mathematicians <a href="/wiki/Keith_Devlin" title="Keith Devlin">Keith Devlin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Feferman" title="Solomon Feferman">Solomon Feferman</a>, the linguists <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sag" title="Ivan Sag">Ivan Sag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joan_Bresnan" title="Joan Bresnan">Joan Bresnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annie_Zaenen" title="Annie Zaenen">Annie Zaenen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauri_Karttunen" title="Lauri Karttunen">Lauri Karttunen</a>, and psychologists <a href="/wiki/Herb_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Herb Clark">Herb Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/B._J._Fogg" title="B. J. Fogg">B. J. Fogg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Nass" title="Clifford Nass">Clifford Nass</a>. </p><p>CSLI houses the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>. It also housed the <a href="/wiki/Reuters_Digital_Vision_Program" title="Reuters Digital Vision Program">Reuters Digital Vision Program</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Directors">Directors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Barwise" title="Jon Barwise">Jon Barwise</a> 1983–1985</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Perry_(philosopher)" title="John Perry (philosopher)">John Perry</a> 1985–1986, 1993–1999</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wasow" title="Tom Wasow">Thomas Wasow</a> 1986–1987, 2006–2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Etchemendy" title="John Etchemendy">John Etchemendy</a> 1990–1993</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Israel_(computer_scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Israel (computer scientist) (page does not exist)">David Israel</a> c. 1999–2000</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_Reeves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byron Reeves (page does not exist)">Byron Reeves</a> c. 2001–2005</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Peters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Peters (page does not exist)">Stanley Peters</a> 2008–2013</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Potts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Potts (page does not exist)">Chris Potts</a> 2013–present</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies">Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies_logo_(vertical).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies_logo_%28vertical%29.jpg/220px-Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies_logo_%28vertical%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies_logo_%28vertical%29.jpg/330px-Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies_logo_%28vertical%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies_logo_%28vertical%29.jpg/440px-Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies_logo_%28vertical%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1510" data-file-height="906" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies</b> is a university-wide research and teaching institution at Stanford devoted to understanding international problems, policies, and institutions. The institute produces interdisciplinary scholarly research, engages in outreach to policymakers and public institutions throughout the world, and trains scholars and future leaders on international issues. Its teaching programs include the graduate-level Master of International Policy as well as honors programs in international security and in democracy, development, and the rule of law. The school is a full member of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Professional_Schools_of_International_Affairs" title="Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs">Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs</a> (APSIA), a group of schools of public policy, public administration, and international studies. </p><p>FSI's core and affiliated faculty represent a range of academic backgrounds and perspectives, including medicine, law, engineering, history, political science, economics, and sociology. The faculty's research and teaching focus on a variety of issues, including governance, domestic and international health policy, migration, development, and security. Their work often examines regional dynamics in areas such as Asia, Europe, Africa and Latin America. FSI faculty conduct research, lead interdisciplinary research programs, educate graduate and undergraduate students, and organize policy outreach that engages Stanford in addressing some of the world's most pressing problems. </p><p>The institute is composed of 12 centers and programs, including six major research centers: </p> <ul><li>Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_on_Food_Security_and_the_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Center on Food Security and the Environment">Center on Food Security and the Environment</a> (FSE)</li> <li>Center for Health Policy, Primary Care and Outcomes Research (CHP/PCOR)</li> <li>Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Europe_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Europe Center">The Europe Center</a> (TEC)</li> <li>Walter H. Shorenstein Asia–Pacific Research Center (APARC)<sup id="cite_ref-OAC_APARC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OAC_APARC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The institute was founded in 1987 following a faculty committee review that concluded Stanford "should be leading the way in International Studies as we do in science and technology", encompassing interdisciplinary teaching, research, public service and administrative functions. It was first called the institute for International Studies, and was created under the direction of former Stanford president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wall_Lyman" title="Richard Wall Lyman">Richard Wall Lyman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institute was renamed the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies in 2005 following a $50 million gift made by Stanford alumni <a href="/wiki/Bradford_M._Freeman" title="Bradford M. Freeman">Bradford M. Freeman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_P._Spogli" title="Ronald P. Spogli">Ronald P. Spogli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The immediate past director of FSI was <a href="/wiki/Mariano-Florentino_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar">Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the former Stanley Morrison Professor of Law at Stanford Law School, a former official in the Obama and Clinton presidential administrations, and current justice of the California Supreme Court. Previous directors include Stanford President Emeritus <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Casper" title="Gerhard Casper">Gerhard Casper</a>; <a href="/wiki/Coit_D._Blacker" title="Coit D. Blacker">Coit D. Blacker</a>, who served as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director for Russian, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasian</a> Affairs at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a> under <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Advisor" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Security Advisor">National Security Advisor</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lake" title="Anthony Lake">Anthony Lake</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton administration</a>; David Holloway; Walter Falcon; and Stanford President Emeritus <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wall_Lyman" title="Richard Wall Lyman">Richard Lyman</a>. </p><p>FSI appoints faculty and research staff, funds research and scholarly initiatives, directs research projects, and sponsors lectures, policy seminars and conferences. By tradition, FSI undertakes joint faculty appointments with Stanford's seven schools and draws faculty together from the university's academic departments and schools to conduct interdisciplinary research on international issues that transcend academic boundaries. </p><p>The institute is home to 40 billeted faculty members – most with joint appointments – and 115 affiliated faculty members with a wide range of academic perspectives. </p><p>In addition to its six centers, the institute sponsors the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Dorsey_Master%27s_in_International_Policy" title="Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy">Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy</a>, the Inter-University Center for Japanese Language Studies, the <a href="/wiki/Program_on_Energy_%26_Sustainable_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Program on Energy & Sustainable Development">Program on Energy & Sustainable Development</a>, the Rural Education Action Program, the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Center_at_Peking_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford Center at Peking University">Stanford Center at Peking University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Program_on_International_and_Cross-Cultural_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education">Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Directors_2">Directors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2015–present <a href="/wiki/Michael_McFaul" title="Michael McFaul">Michael McFaul</a></li> <li>2013–2015 <a href="/wiki/Mariano-Florentino_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar">Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar</a></li> <li>2012–2013 <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Casper" title="Gerhard Casper">Gerhard Casper</a></li> <li>2003–2012 <a href="/wiki/Coit_D._Blacker" title="Coit D. Blacker">Coit D. Blacker</a></li> <li>1998–2003 David Holloway</li> <li>1991–1998 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Falcon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Falcon (page does not exist)">Walter Falcon</a></li> <li>1987–1991 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wall_Lyman" title="Richard Wall Lyman">Richard Wall Lyman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stanford_Humanities_Center">Stanford Humanities Center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Stanford Humanities Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SHC_bowman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of Stanford Humanities Center building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SHC_bowman.jpg/220px-SHC_bowman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SHC_bowman.jpg/330px-SHC_bowman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SHC_bowman.jpg/440px-SHC_bowman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The Stanford Humanities Center</figcaption></figure> <p>Founded in 1980, the <b>Stanford Humanities Center</b> is a multidisciplinary research institute dedicated to advancing knowledge about culture, philosophy, history, and the arts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History_2">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since its founding in 1980, the Stanford Humanities Center has been sponsoring advanced research into the historical, philosophical, literary, artistic, and cultural dimensions of the human experience. The Humanities Center's annual fellows, international visitors, research workshops, digital humanities laboratory, and roughly fifty annual public events strengthen the intellectual and creative life of the university, foster innovative and interdisciplinary scholarship and teaching, and enrich our understanding of our common humanity. The humanities support democratic culture by nurturing an informed citizenry and seeking solutions to society's most formidable challenges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fellowships">Fellowships</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fellowships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The center offers approximately twenty-five year-long residential fellowships to Stanford and non-Stanford scholars at different career stages, giving them the opportunity to pursue their research in a supportive intellectual community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Research_Workshops">Research Workshops</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Research Workshops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each year, Stanford faculty and graduate students create fifteen diverse research workshops to ask new intellectual questions that often challenge disciplinary boundaries. In addition to providing a space for incubating new ideas in a collegial setting, the workshops professionalize graduate students by introducing them to the conventions of academic life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manuscript_Review_Workshops">Manuscript Review Workshops</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Manuscript Review Workshops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Assembling a team of faculty experts from Stanford and other universities, the Manuscript Review workshops provide critical feedback to junior faculty preparing monographs or other academic manuscripts of similar scope for submission for publication. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_Lectures">Public Lectures</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Public Lectures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The center brings eminent scholars, public intellectuals, and renowned critics to the Stanford campus for lectures and interdisciplinary conferences that enrich the Stanford community with a lively exchange of ideas. Speakers have included <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Allende" title="Isabel Allende">Isabel Allende</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Chartier" title="Roger Chartier">Roger Chartier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hofstadter" title="Douglas Hofstadter">Douglas Hofstadter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Spivak" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayatri Spivak">Gayatri Spivak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marilynne_Robinson" title="Marilynne Robinson">Marilynne Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Adjaye" title="David Adjaye">David Adjaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Eggers" title="Dave Eggers">David Eggers</a>, and other well-known scholars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Digital_Humanities">Digital Humanities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Digital Humanities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Humanities Center, with the Center for Spatial and Textual Analysis (CESTA), is expanding the possibilities of humanities research and teaching at Stanford by creating opportunities for the discovery and dissemination of new knowledge. Humanities Center scholars are on the forefront of innovation with access to new digital tools to interpret the human experience. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Visitors_Program">International Visitors Program</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: International Visitors Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The center's short-term visitorships draw distinguished international scholars to Stanford to share their research in lectures and seminars with Stanford faculty and students. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hume_Undergraduate_Fellowships">Hume Undergraduate Fellowships</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hume Undergraduate Fellowships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Humanities Center awards Hume Humanities Honors Fellowships to Stanford seniors writing an honors thesis in a humanities department. In residence for an academic year, Hume fellows contribute to the collegial life of the center and receive intellectual guidance and mentoring from staff and fellows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Directors_3">Directors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Watt" title="Ian Watt">Ian P. Watt</a>, 1980–1985</li> <li>Bliss Carnochan, 1985–1991</li> <li>Herbert Lindenberger, 1991–1992 (interim)</li> <li>Wanda Corn, 1992–1995</li> <li>Keith Baker, 1995–2000</li> <li>Peter Stansky, 2000–2001</li> <li>John Bender, 2001–2008</li> <li>Aron Rodrigue, 2008–2013</li> <li>Caroline Winterer, 2013–present</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distinguished_Careers_Institute">Distinguished Careers Institute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Distinguished Careers Institute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Careers_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinguished Careers Institute">Distinguished Careers Institute</a> (DCI), established in 2014, is a year-long residential fellowship for approximately 20 individuals who have already established leadership careers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fellows are selected based on "how their participation in the program will shape their future life journeys" as well as "what future Fellows will contribute to the program and the broader global community."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stanford_High_School_Program">Stanford High School Program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Stanford High School Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The collaboration among Stanford University's office for Digital Education, the Department of Computer Science, and the Graduate School of Education established Stanford's first dual-enrollment program for high school students<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from underrepresented backgrounds, which served as an impetus for the establishment of the Qualia Global Scholars Program.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_research_centers">Other research centers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Other research centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stanford_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory">Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory<span class="anchor" id="SAIL"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</b> (also known as the <b>Stanford AI Lab</b>, or <b>SAIL</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI) research laboratory of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. The current director is Professor <a href="/wiki/Christopher_D._Manning" title="Christopher D. Manning">Christopher D. Manning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aihome_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aihome-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_years">Early years</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SAIL was started in 1963 by <a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a>, after he moved from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> to Stanford. <a href="/wiki/Les_Earnest" title="Les Earnest">Lester D. "Les" Earnest</a>, also previously of MIT, served as executive officer (self-deprecatingly, "Chief Bureaucrat") at SAIL from 1965 to 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During almost all of this period (1966–1979),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAIL was housed in the D.C. Power building, named not for "<a href="/wiki/Direct_Current" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Current">Direct Current</a>" but rather for <a href="/wiki/GTE#General_Telephone" title="GTE">Donald Clinton Power</a>, who held the positions of president, C.E.O. and chairman of General Telephone & Electronics Corporation (later <a href="/wiki/GTE" title="GTE">GTE Corporation</a>) between 1951 and 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GT&E donated the unfinished building to Stanford University after abandoning plans to establish a research center there.<sup id="cite_ref-dcpower_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcpower-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morephotos_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morephotos-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period SAIL was one of the leading centers for AI research and an early <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a> site.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Stanford_Arm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Stanford_Arm.jpg/220px-The_Stanford_Arm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Stanford_Arm.jpg/330px-The_Stanford_Arm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Stanford_Arm.jpg/440px-The_Stanford_Arm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Stanford_arm" title="Stanford arm">Stanford arm</a>, designed at SAIL in 1969, is the forerunner of most industrial robots in use today.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>D.C. Power was on a hill overlooking Felt Lake in the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Mountains" title="Santa Cruz Mountains">Santa Cruz Mountains</a> behind Stanford. It was about 5 miles (8 km) from the main campus, at 1600 Arastradero Road, midway between Page Mill Road and Alpine Road.<sup id="cite_ref-dcpower_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcpower-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morephotos_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morephotos-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This area was, and remains, quite rural in nature. Combined with the rather extreme 1960s architecture of the place, this remote setting led to a certain isolation.<sup id="cite_ref-dcpower_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcpower-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morephotos_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morephotos-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some people who worked there reported feeling as if they were already in the future. The building was demolished in 1986; as of 2003, the site is home to Portola Pastures (an equestrian center adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Arastradero_Preserve" title="Arastradero Preserve">Arastradero Open Space Preserve</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SAIL created the <a href="/wiki/WAITS" title="WAITS">WAITS</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> on a computer called SAIL.<sup id="cite_ref-SAIL_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAIL-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WAITS ran on various models of <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a> <a href="/wiki/Programmed_Data_Processor" title="Programmed Data Processor">PDP</a> computers, starting with the <a href="/wiki/PDP-6" title="PDP-6">PDP-6</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/KA10" class="mw-redirect" title="KA10">KA10</a> and <a href="/wiki/KL10" class="mw-redirect" title="KL10">KL10</a>. WAITS also ran on <a href="/wiki/Foonly" title="Foonly">Foonly</a> systems at <a href="/wiki/CCRMA" class="mw-redirect" title="CCRMA">CCRMA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">LLL</a>. The SAIL system was shut down in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-SAIL_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAIL-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/SAIL_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="SAIL programming language">SAIL, the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Language</a>, was developed by Dan Swinehart and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Sproull" title="Bob Sproull">Bob Sproull</a> of the Stanford AI Lab in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1972, for its remote site use, people at SAIL developed a computer controlled vending machine, adapted from a machine rented from <a href="/wiki/Canteen_Vending" class="mw-redirect" title="Canteen Vending">Canteen Vending</a>, which sold for cash or, though a computer terminal (<a href="/wiki/Teletype_Model_33" title="Teletype Model 33">Teletype Model 33 KSR</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Photo-PP_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Photo-PP-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on credit.<sup id="cite_ref-lesEarnest/sagas_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lesEarnest/sagas-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Products included, at least, beer, yogurt, and milk.<sup id="cite_ref-lesEarnest/sagas_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lesEarnest/sagas-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Photo-PP_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Photo-PP-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was called the <i>Prancing Pony</i>, after the name of the room, named after an inn in Tolkien's <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Rings">Lord of the Rings</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lesEarnest/sagas_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lesEarnest/sagas-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LesEarnest/sailAway_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LesEarnest/sailAway-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as each room at SAIL was named after a place in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Earth">Middle Earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SAIL_Farewell_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAIL_Farewell-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A successor version still operates in the Computer Science Department at Stanford, with both hardware and software having been updated.<sup id="cite_ref-lesEarnest/sagas_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lesEarnest/sagas-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alumni of the original SAIL played a major role in many <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> firms, becoming founders of now-large firms such as <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> as well as smaller companies such as <a href="/wiki/Vicarm_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Vicarm Inc.">Vicarm Inc.</a> (acquired by <a href="/wiki/Unimation" title="Unimation">Unimation</a>), <a href="/wiki/Foonly" title="Foonly">Foonly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elxsi" title="Elxsi">Elxsi</a>, Imagen, <a href="/wiki/Xidex" class="mw-redirect" title="Xidex">Xidex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valid_Logic_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Valid Logic Systems">Valid Logic Systems</a>, and <a href="/wiki/D.E._Shaw_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="D.E. Shaw & Co">D.E. Shaw & Co</a>. Research accomplishments at SAIL were many, including in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">speech recognition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SAIL_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAIL-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable people that worked at the original SAIL include <a href="/wiki/Raj_Reddy" title="Raj Reddy">Raj Reddy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Moravec" title="Hans Moravec">Hans Moravec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Scheinman" title="Victor Scheinman">Victor Scheinman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Tesler" title="Larry Tesler">Larry Tesler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Knuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Knuth">Don Knuth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Feigenbaum" title="Edward Feigenbaum">Edward Feigenbaum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Demise_and_rebirth">Demise and rebirth</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Demise and rebirth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1979, SAIL's activities were merged into the university's Computer Science Department and it moved into Margaret Jacks Hall on the main Stanford campus. </p> <blockquote><p>After operating for more than 15 Years under the name <i>Robotics Lab</i>, we just re-inaugurated the new Stanford AI Lab.<sup id="cite_ref-ai.stanford/2004_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ai.stanford/2004-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (April 2004)</p></blockquote> <p>SAIL was reopened in 2004, now in the <a href="/wiki/Gates_Computer_Science_Building,_Stanford" title="Gates Computer Science Building, Stanford">Gates Computer Science Building</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Thrun" title="Sebastian Thrun">Sebastian Thrun</a> becoming its new director. SAIL's 21st century mission is to "change the way we understand the world";<sup id="cite_ref-aihome_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aihome-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its researchers contribute to fields such as <a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">cognition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computational_geometry" title="Computational geometry">computational geometry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decision_theory" title="Decision theory">decision theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distributed_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed systems">distributed systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">game theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Game_Playing" class="mw-redirect" title="General Game Playing">general game playing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Image_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Image processing">image processing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_retrieval" title="Information retrieval">information retrieval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_base" title="Knowledge base">knowledge systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multi-agent_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-agent systems">multi-agent systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">natural language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neural_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Neural networks">neural networks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planning" title="Planning">planning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayesian_network" title="Bayesian network">probabilistic inference</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sensor_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensor network">sensor networks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aihome_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aihome-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The best-known achievement of the new SAIL is the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_(vehicle)" title="Stanley (vehicle)">Stanley</a> <a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">self-driving car</a> that won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Systems_Laboratory" title="Knowledge Systems Laboratory">Knowledge Systems Laboratory</a> (KSL) was an artificial intelligence research laboratory within the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University until 2007, located in the Gates Computer Science Building, Stanford.<sup id="cite_ref-ksl.stanford_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksl.stanford-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stanford_Center_for_Entrepreneurial_Studies">Stanford Center for Entrepreneurial Studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Stanford Center for Entrepreneurial Studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Center for Entrepreneurial Studies</b> (<b>CES</b>) at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> is a multidisciplinary business oriented program targeted to both undergraduate and <a href="/wiki/Graduate_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate student">graduate</a> students. It incorporates courses from <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Engineering" title="Stanford University School of Engineering">Stanford University School of Engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Graduate_School_of_Business" title="Stanford Graduate School of Business">Stanford Graduate School of Business</a>. It also incorporates Stanford Mayfield Scholars Program that seeks to give select undergraduate students an opportunity to take business related coursework and to <a href="/wiki/Intern" class="mw-redirect" title="Intern">intern</a> in high tech <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startups</a>. CES was founded by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Byers_(professor)" title="Tom Byers (professor)">Tom Byers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Holloway" title="Charles A. Holloway">Charles A. Holloway</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Center_for_Computer_Research_in_Music_and_Acoustics">Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ccrma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ccrma.jpg/220px-Ccrma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Ccrma.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>The Knoll, home to CCRMA</figcaption></figure> <p>The Stanford University <b>Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics</b> (<b>CCRMA</b>), founded by <a href="/wiki/John_Chowning" title="John Chowning">John Chowning</a>, is a multi-discipline facility where composers and <a href="/wiki/Researchers" class="mw-redirect" title="Researchers">researchers</a> work together using computer-based technology both as an artistic medium and as a research tool. CCRMA's director is <a href="/wiki/Chris_Chafe" title="Chris Chafe">Chris Chafe</a>. CCRMA's current faculty includes a mix of musicians and engineers including <a href="/wiki/Julius_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Smith">Julius Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Berger" title="Jonathan Berger">Jonathan Berger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Mathews" title="Max Mathews">Max Mathews</a> (emeritus), <a href="/wiki/Ge_Wang" title="Ge Wang">Ge Wang</a>, Takako Fujioka, Tom Rossing, Jonathan Abel, <a href="/wiki/Marina_Bosi" title="Marina Bosi">Marina Bosi</a>, David Berners, Patricia Alessandrini, Jay Kadis, and Fernando Lopez-Lezcano. Emeritus professor <a href="/wiki/Max_Mathews" title="Max Mathews">Max Mathews</a> died in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Widely used digital sound synthesis techniques like <a href="/wiki/FM_synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="FM synthesis">FM synthesis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_waveguide_synthesis" title="Digital waveguide synthesis">digital waveguide synthesis</a> were developed at CCRMA and licensed to industry partners.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FM synthesis patent brought Stanford $20 million before it expired, making it (in 1994) "the second most lucrative licensing agreement in Stanford's history".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stanford CCRMA is a research center, studying areas of audio and technology including <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">composition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_music" title="Computer music">computer music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_modelling_synthesis" title="Physical modelling synthesis">physical modeling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audio_signal_processing" title="Audio signal processing">audio signal processing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">sound recording and reproduction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychoacoustics" title="Psychoacoustics">psychoacoustics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics">acoustics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_information_retrieval" title="Music information retrieval">music information retrieval</a>, audio networking, and <a href="/wiki/Spatial_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Spatial sound">spatial sound</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The center houses academic courses for Stanford students as well as seminars, small interest group meetings, summer workshops and colloquia for the broader community.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concerts of computer and experimental music are presented regularly throughout year.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Knoll">The Knoll</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: The Knoll"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almost 100 years ago, this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Gothic_architecture" title="Spanish Gothic architecture">Spanish Gothic</a> residence, known as the Knoll, was originally designed by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Christian_Mullgardt" title="Louis Christian Mullgardt">Louis Christian Mullgardt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and built as a residence for the university's president. In 1946, the building became home to the Music Department, and then in 1986, CCRMA took over residency. </p><p>Damaged in 1989 during the <a href="/wiki/Loma_Prieta_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="Loma Prieta earthquake">Loma Prieta earthquake</a>, the Knoll nonetheless housed CCRMA in its damaged condition until a complete internal reconstruction between 2004 and 2005. The reopening of the facility was celebrated in the Spring of 2005 with the CCRMA: newStage Festival. This unique building now comprises several state-of-the-art music studios and top-notch research facilities, hosting a variety of students, artists and scientists. </p><p>CCRMA is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Computer_Assisted_Research_in_the_Humanities" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities">Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities</a> (CCARH), also located at Stanford. CCARH conducts research on constructing computer databases for music and on creating programs that allow researchers to access, analyze, print, and electronically perform the music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stanford_Institute_for_Creativity_and_the_Arts_(SiCa)"><span id="Stanford_Institute_for_Creativity_and_the_Arts_.28SiCa.29"></span>Stanford Institute for Creativity and the Arts (SiCa)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Stanford Institute for Creativity and the Arts (SiCa)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Stanford Institute for Creativity and the Arts</b> (<b>SiCa</b>), established in 2006, serves as the core programmatic hub for the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Arts_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford Arts Initiative">Stanford Arts Initiative</a>, leading the development of new undergraduate arts programs, hosting artists in residence, awarding grants for multidisciplinary arts research and teaching, incubating collaborative performances and exhibitions with campus partners and other institutions, and providing centralized communication for arts events and programs at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Performance_of_Dams_Program"><span class="anchor" id="NPDP"></span> National Performance of Dams Program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: National Performance of Dams Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering maintains the <b>National Performance of Dams Program</b>, a national database of structural and operational data related to dam systems in the U.S. Begun in 1994, this program provides data to the dam engineering and safety community about the in-service performance of dam systems. The analysis of this data covering both successful operations and incidents, including failures, is intended to lead to improvements in design and requirements, engineering processes and standards, operational procedures and guidelines, and public policy development. <sup id="cite_ref-About_NPDP_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_NPDP-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Michelle_R._Clayman_Institute_for_Gender_Research">Michelle R. Clayman Institute for Gender Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Michelle R. Clayman Institute for Gender Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded in 1974, and named after economist <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Clayman" title="Michelle Clayman">Michelle R. Clayman</a>, the <b>Michelle R. Clayman Institute for Gender Research</b> at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> is one of the nation's oldest research organizations focused on the study of <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a>. The Clayman Institute designs basic <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdisciplinary">interdisciplinary</a> research, creates knowledge, networks people and ideas at Stanford, nationally, and internationally to effect change and promote <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a>. The Clayman Institute plays an integral role in the Stanford community by bringing together local, national and international scholars and thought leaders from across disciplines to create knowledge and effect change. The place where the Clayman Institute is located was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Attneave" title="Carolyn Attneave">Carolyn Lewis Attneave House</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-mercurynews1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercurynews1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was formerly named Serra House after <a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mercurynews1_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercurynews1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History_3">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1972 faculty and graduate students in the <a href="/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">feminist movement</a> were the impetus behind the formation of the institute. In 1974, the <b>Center for Research on Women</b> (<b>CROW</b>) was the first interdisciplinary center or institute of its kind and quickly built a strong reputation under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Myra_Strober" title="Myra Strober">Myra Strober</a>, the founding <a href="/wiki/Executive_director" title="Executive director">Director</a>. The reputation of CIGR grew outside Stanford, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a> chose Stanford as the base of the second five-year rotation of its new interdisciplinary journal, <i><a href="/wiki/Signs_(journal)" title="Signs (journal)">Signs</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1983 the institute was renamed the <b>Institute for Research on Women and Gender</b> (<b>IRWG</b>) and continued to expand the gender conversation with the “Difficult <a href="/wiki/Dialogues" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialogues">Dialogues</a>” program, which ran in the 1990s through 2004. In 2004, the new director, Professor <a href="/wiki/Londa_Schiebinger" title="Londa Schiebinger">Londa Schiebinger</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Historian_of_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Historian of science">historian of science</a>, formed a plan to create a series of research initiatives on gender issues, backed by a research fellowship program, that would attract scholars from Stanford and abroad. With the help of matching funds from the <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Foundation" title="Hewlett Foundation">Hewlett Foundation</a> and strong support from the institute's Advisory Council, Schiebinger spearheaded a fundraising drive to create an endowment for the institute. IRWG was renamed in honor of Michelle R. Clayman, the major donor in the campaign, who serves as the chair of the institute's Advisory Council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Research">Research</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Clayman Institute designs basic research and supports the creation of knowledge through its Fellowships and interdisciplinary programs. Recent reports/<a href="/wiki/Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Publications">publications</a> include: </p> <ul><li>Gendered Innovations in Science and Engineering,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Londa Schiebinger, ed., 2008.</li> <li>Dual-Career Academic Couples: What Universities Need to Know.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Michelle R. Clayman Institute, 2008. This Clayman Institute research study shows that over 70% of faculty are in dual-career relationships. This report tackles tough questions and recommends policies to maximize options.</li> <li>Climbing the Technical Ladder: Obstacles and Solutions for Mid-Level Women in Information Technology.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Michelle R. Clayman Institute and the <a href="/wiki/Anita_Borg" title="Anita Borg">Anita Borg</a> Institute, 2008. This report provides an in-depth look into the barriers to <a href="/wiki/Employee_retention" title="Employee retention">retention</a> and advancement of technical women in <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>'s high tech industry and provides practical recommendations to employers on overcoming these barriers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fellowships_2">Fellowships</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Fellowships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Clayman Institute runs two fellowship programs. The <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(university)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty (university)">Faculty</a> Research Fellowships seek to drive intellectual and social innovation through interdisciplinary gender studies. They include residential fellowships for tenured, tenure-track, and postdoctoral scholars from Stanford University, and U.S. and foreign universities. The Clayman Institute also offers Graduate <a href="/wiki/Dissertation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissertation">Dissertation</a> Fellowships for Stanford University doctoral students. Fellowships are awarded to students who are in the writing stages of their dissertations, and whose research focuses on women and/or gender. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Directors_4">Directors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1974–77 Myra Strober</li> <li>1977–79 Diane Middlebrook</li> <li>1979–84 Myra Strober</li> <li>1984–85 <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Yalom" title="Marilyn Yalom">Marilyn Yalom</a> (deputy director, as acting director)</li> <li>1985–86 Judith Brown (acting director)</li> <li>1986–90 Deborah Rhode</li> <li>1990–97 <a href="/wiki/Iris_F._Litt" title="Iris F. Litt">Iris Litt</a></li> <li>1997–2001 <a href="/wiki/Laura_L._Carstensen" title="Laura L. Carstensen">Laura Carstensen</a></li> <li>2001–04 Barbara Gelpi (acting director)</li> <li>2004–10 Londa Schiebinger</li> <li>2010–present Shelley J. Correll</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Research_and_Education_Institute">Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stanford is home to the <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> Research and Education Institute which grew out of and still contains the Martin Luther King Jr. Papers Project, a collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/King_Center_for_Nonviolent_Social_Change" title="King Center for Nonviolent Social Change">King Center</a> to publish the King papers held by the King Center.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stanford_Internet_Observatory">Stanford Internet Observatory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Stanford Internet Observatory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Internet_Observatory" title="Stanford Internet Observatory">Stanford Internet Observatory</a> is a multidisciplinary program for the study of abuse in information technologies, with a focus on <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>, established in 2019. It is part of the Stanford Cyber Policy Center, a joint initiative of the <a href="#Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies">Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School">Stanford Law School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cyber-20210607_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyber-20210607-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Observatory has identified the Russian government's online involvement in global elections since the program began.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program's projects such as the "Virality Project" have been criticized as censorship since the release of the <a href="/wiki/Twitter_files" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitter files">Twitter files</a> by some students,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Matt_Taibbi" title="Matt Taibbi">Matt Taibbi</a>, and others<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> outside the university. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stanford_Institute_for_Human-Centered_Artificial_Intelligence_(HAI)"><span id="Stanford_Institute_for_Human-Centered_Artificial_Intelligence_.28HAI.29"></span>Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Stanford HAI</b> was founded in 2019 by <a href="/wiki/Fei-Fei_Li" title="Fei-Fei Li">Fei-Fei Li</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Etchemendy" title="John Etchemendy">John Etchemendy</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Landay" title="James Landay">James Landay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_D._Manning" title="Christopher D. Manning">Chris Manning</a>. HAI's mission is to advance AI research that prioritizes human well-being, fostering collaboration across disciplines to ensure AI is developed ethically and inclusively. </p><p>In its first five years, HAI has directed over $40 million into AI research, supported over 300 scholars, and launched specialized centers like the <b>Stanford Digital Economy Lab</b> and the <b>Center for Research on Foundation Models</b>. The institute has also fostered partnerships with policymakers and industry leaders, advocating for the democratization of AI research. HAI continues to push for new models of collaboration, emphasizing the need for large-scale resources to address the growing complexity of AI systems.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stanford_HAI's_Role_in_Governor_Gavin_Newsom's_AI_Policy"><span id="Stanford_HAI.27s_Role_in_Governor_Gavin_Newsom.27s_AI_Policy"></span>Stanford HAI's Role in Governor Gavin Newsom's AI Policy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Stanford HAI's Role in Governor Gavin Newsom's AI Policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI) plays a crucial role in Governor <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a>'s efforts to ensure the safe and responsible development of artificial intelligence (AI) in California. Dr. <a href="/wiki/Fei-Fei_Li" title="Fei-Fei Li">Fei-Fei Li</a>, co-director of Stanford HAI, has been a key figure in advising the state on AI policy, contributing to initiatives aimed at balancing innovation with risk mitigation. </p><p>Building on the partnership established by Newsom's 2023 executive order, the Governor has called upon Stanford HAI to continue its leadership in developing empirical, science-based guidelines for the deployment of <a href="/wiki/Generative_artificial_intelligence" title="Generative artificial intelligence">generative AI</a> (GenAI). This future work will focus on assessing the potential risks and benefits of frontier AI models, crafting adaptive policies, and ensuring that California remains at the forefront of AI governance. Newsom's administration relies on HAI's expertise to navigate AI's rapid advancements while protecting the public from potential harms. <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Affiliations">Affiliations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Affiliations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stanford's Center for Computer Research and Acoustics is part of a consortium with <a href="/wiki/CNMAT" class="mw-redirect" title="CNMAT">CNMAT</a> and the Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (<a href="/wiki/IRCAM" title="IRCAM">IRCAM</a>) in Paris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a>, a conservative think tank affiliated with Stanford. It has staffed numerous positions for Republican presidents from Richard Nixon to Donald Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLAC_National_Accelerator_Laboratory" title="SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory">SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory</a>, a particle physics research facility. Run by Stanford University under the programmatic direction of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a>, originally the Stanford Research Institute, but independent since 1970</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-simes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-simes_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simes.stanford.edu/">"SIMES"</a>. <i>simes.stanford.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Clayman Institute</a></li> <li>Oral history interviews on the Michelle R. Clayman Institute with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicalsociety.stanford.edu/publications/keohane-nannerl">Nannerl Keohane</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicalsociety.stanford.edu/publications/yalom-marilyn">Marilyn Yalom</a>, Stanford Historical Society Oral History Program</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/index.html">Oral history interviews</a> with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.umn.edu/107717">Terry Winograd</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.umn.edu/107605">Raj Reddy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.umn.edu/107165">Bruce Buchanan</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.umn.edu/107544">Allen Newell</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Babbage Institute">Charles Babbage Institute</a>, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Freeman_Spogli_Institute_for_International_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies">Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Dorsey_Master%27s_in_International_Policy" title="Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy">Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia–Pacific Research Center">Asia-Pacific Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_on_Democracy,_Development_and_the_Rule_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law">Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Environmental_Science_and_Policy" title="Center for Environmental Science and Policy">Center for Environmental Science and Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Health_Policy,_Primary_Care_and_Outcomes_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Health Policy, Primary Care and Outcomes Research">Center for Health Policy, Primary Care and Outcomes Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_International_Security_and_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for International Security and Cooperation">Center for International Security and Cooperation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Leland_Stanford_Junior_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Leland Stanford Junior University">Leland Stanford Junior University</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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style="background-color:#8C1515;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stanford_University" title="Template:Stanford University"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stanford_University" title="Template talk:Stanford University"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stanford_University" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stanford University"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stanford_University" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Stanford University</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#8C1515;color:white;"><div><b>Located in</b>: <a href="/wiki/Stanford,_California" title="Stanford, California"><span style="color:white">Stanford, California</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#8C1515;color:white;;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Graduate_School_of_Business" title="Stanford Graduate School of Business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Graduate_School_of_Education" title="Stanford University Graduate School of Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Engineering" title="Stanford University School of Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Humanities_and_Sciences" title="Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences">Humanities and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Stanford University School of Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Doerr_School_of_Sustainability" title="Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#8C1515;color:white;;width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Libraries" title="Stanford University Libraries">Libraries</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cecil_H._Green_Library" title="Cecil H. Green Library">Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branner_Earth_Sciences_Library" title="Branner Earth Sciences Library">Branner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lane_Medical_Library" title="Lane Medical Library">Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lathrop_Library" title="Lathrop Library">Lathrop</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Centers and institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cancer_Institute" title="Stanford Cancer Institute">Cancer Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Study_in_the_Behavioral_Sciences" title="Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences">Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasso_Plattner_Institute_of_Design" title="Hasso Plattner Institute of Design">Hasso Plattner Institute of Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkins_Marine_Station" title="Hopkins Marine Station">Hopkins Marine Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Institute_for_Economic_Policy_Research" title="Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research">Institute for Economic Policy Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Institute_for_Theoretical_Physics" title="Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics">Institute for Theoretical Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Ridge_Biological_Preserve" title="Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve">Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Medical_Center" title="Stanford University Medical Center">Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLAC_National_Accelerator_Laboratory" title="SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory">SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Synchrotron_Radiation_Lightsource" title="Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource">Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#8C1515;color:white;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Arboretum" title="Stanford University Arboretum">Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Cactus_Garden" title="Arizona Cactus Garden">Arizona Cactus Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Concert_Hall" title="Bing Concert Hall">Bing Concert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braun_Music_Center" title="Braun Music Center">Braun Music Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_%26_B._Gerald_Cantor_Center_for_Visual_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts">Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Clock_Tower" title="Stanford Clock Tower">Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dish_(landmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dish (landmark)">Dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Fire_Truck_House" title="Stanford Fire Truck House">Fire Truck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_Amphitheater" title="Frost Amphitheater">Frost Amphitheater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_Computer_Science_Building,_Stanford" title="Gates Computer Science Building, Stanford">Gates Computer Science Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Earth_Sciences" title="Green Earth Sciences">Green Earth Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_Center_for_Public_Service" title="Haas Center for Public Service">Haas Center for Public Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna%E2%80%93Honeycomb_House" title="Hanna–Honeycomb House">Hanna–Honeycomb House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Henry_Hoover_House" title="Lou Henry Hoover House">Hoover House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Tower" title="Hoover Tower">Hoover Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Lagunita" title="Lake Lagunita">Lake Lagunita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Quad_(Stanford_University)" title="Main Quad (Stanford University)">Main Quad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_(Stanford_University)" title="Oval (Stanford University)">Oval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford,_California" title="Stanford, California">Stanford, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Mausoleum" title="Stanford Mausoleum">Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Memorial_Auditorium" title="Stanford Memorial Auditorium">Memorial Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Memorial_Church" title="Stanford Memorial Church">Memorial Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Research_Park" title="Stanford Research Park">Research Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Shopping_Center" title="Stanford Shopping Center">Shopping Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#8C1515;color:white;;width:1%">Public art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Sentinels" title="Bedford Sentinels">Bedford Sentinels</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boo-Qwilla" title="Boo-Qwilla">Boo-Qwilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Column_I" title="Column I">Column I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gay_Liberation_Monument" title="Gay Liberation Monument">Gay Liberation Monument</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_Moth_Walk_I" title="Luna Moth Walk I">Luna Moth Walk I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Union_Fountain" title="Old Union Fountain">Old Union Fountain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sieve_of_Eratosthenes_(sculpture)" title="The Sieve of Eratosthenes (sculpture)">The Sieve of Eratosthenes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stanford_Legacy" title="The Stanford Legacy">The Stanford Legacy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Alexander_von_Humboldt_(Stanford_University)" title="Statue of Alexander von Humboldt (Stanford University)">Statue of Alexander von Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Stanford_University)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Stanford University)">Statue of Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Johannes_Gutenberg_(Stanford_University)" title="Statue of Johannes Gutenberg (Stanford University)">Statue of Johannes Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Louis_Agassiz" title="Statue of Louis Agassiz">Statue of Louis Agassiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanner_Fountain" title="Tanner Fountain">Tanner Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Memorial_Fountain" title="White Memorial Fountain">White Memorial Fountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#8C1515;color:white;;width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HighWire_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="HighWire Press">HighWire Press</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Law_Review" title="Stanford Law Review">Stanford Law Review</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#8C1515;color:white;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_student_housing" title="Stanford University student housing">Student housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KZSU" title="KZSU">KZSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Band" title="Stanford Band">Stanford Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stanford_University_a_cappella_groups" title="List of Stanford University a cappella groups">A cappella groups</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Chaparral" title="Stanford Chaparral">Stanford Chaparral</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stanford_Flipside" title="The Stanford Flipside">The Stanford Flipside</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stanford_Daily" title="The Stanford Daily">The Stanford Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stanford_Review" title="The Stanford Review">The Stanford Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fountain_Hopper" title="The Fountain Hopper">The Fountain Hopper</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Tree" title="Stanford Tree">Stanford Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Association_of_Stanford_Entrepreneurial_Students" title="Business Association of Stanford Entrepreneurial Students">Business Association of Stanford Entrepreneurial Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StartX" title="StartX">StartX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#8C1515;color:white;;width:1%">Athletics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#8C1515">Overview</span></b>: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal" title="Stanford Cardinal">Stanford Cardinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pac-12_Conference" title="Pac-12 Conference">Pac-12 Conference</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#8C1515;color:#FFFFFF;">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_baseball" title="Stanford Cardinal baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li>Basketball <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_men%27s_basketball" title="Stanford Cardinal men's basketball">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_women%27s_basketball" title="Stanford Cardinal women's basketball">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_football" title="Stanford Cardinal football">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Game_(American_football)" title="Big Game (American football)">Big Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Play_(American_football)" title="The Play (American football)">The Play</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_men%27s_gymnastics" title="Stanford Cardinal men's gymnastics">Men's gymnastics</a></li> <li>Soccer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_men%27s_soccer" title="Stanford Cardinal men's soccer">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_women%27s_soccer" title="Stanford Cardinal women's soccer">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_women%27s_volleyball" title="Stanford Cardinal women's volleyball">Women's volleyball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#8C1515;color:#FFFFFF;">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrillaga_Family_Rowing_and_Sailing_Center" title="Arrillaga Family Rowing and Sailing Center">Arrillaga Family Rowing and Sailing Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnham_Pavilion_(Stanford_University)" title="Burnham Pavilion (Stanford University)">Burnham Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klein_Field_at_Sunken_Diamond" title="Klein Field at Sunken Diamond">Klein Field at Sunken Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laird_Q._Cagan_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Laird Q. Cagan Stadium">Maloney Field at Laird Q. Cagan Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maples_Pavilion" title="Maples Pavilion">Maples Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Beach_Volleyball_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford Beach Volleyball Stadium">Stanford Beach Volleyball Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Golf_Course" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford Golf Course">Stanford Golf Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Stadium" title="Stanford Stadium">Stanford Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taube_Tennis_Center" title="Taube Tennis Center">Taube Tennis Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#8C1515;color:#FFFFFF;">Misc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Axe" title="Stanford Axe">Stanford Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NACDA_Directors%27_Cup" title="NACDA Directors' Cup">NACDA Directors' Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#8C1515;color:white;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>President <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Levin_(economist)" title="Jonathan Levin (economist)">Jonathan Levin</a></li> <li>Provost <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Mart%C3%ADnez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenny Martínez">Jenny Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stanford_University_faculty_and_staff" title="List of Stanford University faculty and staff">Faculty and staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stanford_University_alumni" title="List of Stanford University alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_founded_by_Stanford_University_alumni" title="List of companies founded by Stanford University alumni">Companies founded by alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leland_Stanford_Jr." title="Leland Stanford Jr.">Leland Stanford Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leland_Stanford" title="Leland Stanford">Leland Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Stanford" title="Jane Stanford">Jane Stanford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#8C1515;color:white;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Stanford_University" title="History of Stanford University">History of Stanford University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deans_of_Stanford_Law_School" title="List of deans of Stanford Law School">Dean of Stanford Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_regalia_of_Stanford_University" title="Academic regalia of Stanford University">Academic regalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-Hennessy_Scholars" title="Knight-Hennessy Scholars">Knight-Hennessy Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Network" title="Stanford University Network">Stanford University Network (SUN)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orange_County_(film)" title="Orange County (film)">Orange County</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_Red" title="Stanford Cardinal Red">Stanford Cardinal Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_endowment" title="Stanford University endowment">Stanford University endowment (Stanford Management Company)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palo_Alto_Green&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palo Alto Green (page does not exist)">Palo Alto Green</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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