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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istoric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descompunere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Descompunere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descompunere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mecanismul_de_acțiune" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mecanismul_de_acțiune"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mecanismul de acțiune</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mecanismul_de_acțiune-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referințe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Adrenalină</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 82 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalien" title="Adrenalien – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Adrenalien" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="أدرينالين – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أدرينالين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalina" title="Adrenalina – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Adrenalina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اپی‌نفرین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اپی‌نفرین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Адрэналін – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адрэналін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Адреналин – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Адреналин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="एड्रेनेलिन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एड्रेनेलिन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="অ্যাড্রেনালিন – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাড্রেনালিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalina" title="Adrenalina – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Adrenalina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ئەدریناڵین – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەدریناڵین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%91%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އެޑްރެނަލިން – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އެޑްރެނަލިން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Αδρεναλίνη – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αδρεναλίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenaline" title="Adrenaline – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Adrenaline" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalino" title="Adrenalino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Adrenalino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalina" title="Adrenalina – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adrenalina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenaliin" title="Adrenaliin – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Adrenaliin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalina" title="Adrenalina – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Adrenalina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آدرنالین – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آدرنالین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenaliini" title="Adrenaliini – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Adrenaliini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adr%C3%A9naline" title="Adrénaline – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adrénaline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aidr%C3%A9anail%C3%ADn" title="Aidréanailín – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aidréanailín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalina" title="Adrenalina – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Adrenalina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אדרנלין – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדרנלין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="एड्रीनेलिन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एड्रीनेलिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ադրենալին – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ադրենալին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalino" title="Adrenalino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Adrenalino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal%C3%ADn" title="Adrenalín – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Adrenalín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalina" title="Adrenalina – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adrenalina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="アドレナリン – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アドレナリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ადრენალინი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადრენალინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Адреналин – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Адреналин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%93%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%82%A0%EB%A6%B0" title="아드레날린 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아드레날린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adr%C3%AAnal%C3%AEn" title="Adrênalîn – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Adrênalîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Адреналин – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Адреналин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalina" title="Adrenalina – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Adrenalina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ອາດຣີນາລີນ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາດຣີນາລີນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalinas" title="Adrenalinas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Adrenalinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal%C4%ABns" title="Adrenalīns – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Adrenalīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Адреналин – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Адреналин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="അഡ്രിനാലിൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഡ്രിനാലിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinefrina" title="Epinefrina – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Epinefrina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အက်ဒရီနာလိုင်း – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်ဒရီနာလိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenaline" title="Adrenaline – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adrenaline" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalina" title="Adrenalina – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Adrenalina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="ଏପିନେଫ୍ରିନ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଏପିନେଫ୍ରିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalina" title="Adrenalina – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adrenalina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalina" title="Adrenalina – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adrenalina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Адреналин – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Адреналин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Адреналин – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Адреналин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇඩ්රිනලින් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇඩ්රිනලින්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephrine" title="Epinephrine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Epinephrine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal%C3%ADn" title="Adrenalín – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Adrenalín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalina" title="Adrenalina – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Adrenalina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Адреналин – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Адреналин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adr%C3%A9nalin" title="Adrénalin – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Adrénalin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="எபிநெப்ரின் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எபிநெப்ரின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="అడ్రినలిన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అడ్రినలిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Адреналин – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Адреналин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="เอพิเนฟรีน – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอพิเนฟรีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephrine" title="Epinephrine – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Epinephrine" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Адреналін – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Адреналін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Adrenalin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%BE%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA%E7%B4%A0" title="肾上腺素 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="肾上腺素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%BE%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA%E7%B4%A0" title="肾上腺素 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="肾上腺素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%8E%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA%E7%B4%A0" title="腎上腺素 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="腎上腺素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q132621#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br />Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet stiinteexacte" style="background-color:#ffdead;color:#000000;">Adrenalină</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Epinephrine_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Structură"><img alt="Structură" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Epinephrine_structure.svg/220px-Epinephrine_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Epinephrine_structure.svg/330px-Epinephrine_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Epinephrine_structure.svg/440px-Epinephrine_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="288" /></a></span><br /><div style="margin-top: 3px"></div><span>Structură</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Adrenaline_3D_ball.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Adrenaline_3D_ball.png/220px-Adrenaline_3D_ball.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Adrenaline_3D_ball.png/330px-Adrenaline_3D_ball.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Adrenaline_3D_ball.png/440px-Adrenaline_3D_ball.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1241" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">Nume IUPAC</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">L-Adrenalin<br />(<i>R</i>)-1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)- <br /> 2-(N-methylamino)ethanol <br />4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-<br />methylaminoethyl]benzen-1,2-diol</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Alte denumiri</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Epinephrin</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:#000000;">Identificare</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="NavFrame" style=""><div class="NavHead" align="left" style="width:96%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000)"><a href="/wiki/SMILES" class="mw-redirect" title="SMILES">SMILES</a></div><div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;">CNCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O<sup id="cite_ref-a136abb4332d8fb2254a682e0c04fad7_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a136abb4332d8fb2254a682e0c04fad7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132621#P233" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Număr CAS">Număr CAS</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">51-43-4</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/CHEMBL679">CHEMBL679</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> CID</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5816,">139148732 5816, 139148732</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:#000000;">Informații generale</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Formul%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Formulă chimică">Formulă chimică</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">C<sup>9</sup>H<sup>13</sup>NO<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Aspect</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">cristale incolore</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Masă molară</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">183,20 g/mol</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Punct_de_topire" title="Punct de topire">Punct de topire</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">211–212 °C</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Solubilitate" title="Solubilitate">Solubilitate</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">bună în apă minerală</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hazard_T.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="T : Toxic"><img alt="T : Toxic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hazard_T.svg/40px-Hazard_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hazard_T.svg/60px-Hazard_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hazard_T.svg/80px-Hazard_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <span title="Toxic">Toxic, </span></div></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Fraze_R" title="Fraze R">Fraze R</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue;" title="R23/24/25: Toxic prin inhalare, în contact cu pielea și prin înghițire.">R23/24/25</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Fraze_S" title="Fraze S">Fraze S</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue;" title="S36/37/39: Purtați echipament de protecție corespunzător, mănuși și mască de protecție pentru ochi/față.">S36/37/39</span>, <span style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue;" title="S45: În caz de accident sau simptome de boală, consultați imediat medicul (Dacă este posibil, i se va arăta eticheta).">S45</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><small><i>Sunt folosite unitățile <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_interna%C8%9Bional_de_unit%C4%83%C8%9Bi" title="Sistemul internațional de unități">SI</a> și condițiile de temperatură și presiune normale dacă nu s-a specificat altfel.</i></small></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##ffdead solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132621" class="extiw" title="d:Q132621">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Substan%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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.infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Adrenalina</b> (<a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">latină</a> <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic">ad-adaugă, ren-rinichi</span>) (sau <i>epinefrină</i>, <i>suprarenină</i>) este un <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">hormon</a> secretat în <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nge" title="Sânge">sânge</a> de glanda medulosuprarenală în cazuri de <a href="/wiki/Stres" title="Stres">stres</a> cu care corpul nu este obisnuit. Are funcția de a pregăti <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organismul</a> pentru "teamă, fugă și <a href="/wiki/Lupt%C4%83" title="Luptă">luptă</a>" și are efecte intense asupra <a href="/wiki/Circula%C8%9Bie_sanguin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Circulație sanguină">circulației sanguine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mu%C8%99chi_(anatomie)" title="Mușchi (anatomie)">mușchilor</a> și <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolismului</a> <a href="/wiki/Glucid%C4%83" title="Glucidă">glucidic</a>. </p><p>Ajunsă în <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nge" title="Sânge">sânge</a>, determină creșterea frecvenței cardiace, a <a href="/wiki/Presiune_sanguin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiune sanguină">presiunii sanguine</a>, dilatarea <a href="/wiki/Bronhie" title="Bronhie">bronhiilor</a> și pregătirea organismului pentru o producere masivă de <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a> prin arderea <a href="/wiki/Lipide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipide">lipidelor</a> (<i>lipoliză</i>) și sinteza <a href="/wiki/Glucoz%C4%83" title="Glucoză">glucozei</a>. Circulația sângelui este activată la nivelul <a href="/wiki/Sistem_nervos_central" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem nervos central">sistemului nervos central</a> pe când la nivelul tractului digestiv este diminuată. La nivelul sistemului nervos central, adrenalina devine un transmițător neuronal, cuplat cu proteina-G joacă un rol intermediar și de activator al receptorilor nervoși. </p><p>De asemenea, adrenalina crește rata și amplitudinea <a href="/wiki/Respira%C8%9Bie" title="Respirație">respirațiilor</a> și, odată cu creșterea ratei metabolismului, îmbunătățeste forța contracției musculare și întârzie debutul apariției oboselii musculare. În același timp, reduce irigația sanguină a <a href="/wiki/Vezic%C4%83_urinar%C4%83" title="Vezică urinară">vezicii urinare</a> și a <a href="/wiki/Intestin" class="mw-disambig" title="Intestin">intestinului</a>, prin relaxarea pereților musculari și contracția sfincterelor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prima indicație despre existența hormonului în <a href="/wiki/Gland%C4%83_suprarenal%C4%83" title="Glandă suprarenală">glanda suprarenală</a>, este colorarea <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clorur%C4%83_de_fier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clorură de fier — pagină inexistentă">clorurii de fier</a> trivalent. Lucru observat în anul 1856 de fiziologul francez „ Alfred Vulpian”. Acest lucru de descoperire a unei substanțe noi în suprarenală este publicat în anul 1886 în „New York Medical Journal” de „William Bates”. Faptul că această substanță are o acțiune deosebită din punct de vedere farmacolgic a fost stabilit în 1893 de fiziologii „George Oliver” și „Edward Schäfer”. O conturare mai precisă a acestor efecte farmacologice o face fiziologul polonez „Napoleon Cybulski”. Prima încercare de izolare a substanței o face în anul 1897 „John Jacob Abel” care denumește substanța epinefrină. Inspirat de încercarea lui Abel, chimistul american de origine japoneză „Jokichi Takamine”, reușește să izoleze o substanță numită adrenalină, ce avea proprietățile descrise de Oliver, Schäfer și Cybulski. Prima sinteză chimică a adrenalinei îi reușește în anul 1904 lui „Friedrich Stolz”, adrenalina fiind primul hormon la care era cunoscută structura chimică și este produs pe cale sintetică. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biosinteză"><span id="Biosintez.C4.83"></span>Biosinteză</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Biosinteză" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Biosinteză"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ca punct de pornire a sintezei adrenalinei este aminoacidul <a href="/wiki/Tirozin%C4%83" title="Tirozină">tirozină</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Fenilalanin%C4%83" title="Fenilalanină">fenilalanină</a>. Acesta devine prin hidroliză <a href="/wiki/Levodopa" title="Levodopa">L-DOPA</a> și după un proces de <a href="/wiki/Decarboxilare" title="Decarboxilare">decarboxilare</a>, devine <a href="/wiki/Dopamin%C4%83" title="Dopamină">dopamină</a> activă care după o hidrolizare stereoselectivă se transformă în <a href="/wiki/Noradrenalin%C4%83" title="Noradrenalină">noradrenalină</a>, care este prezent de asemenea în suprarenală. Noradrenalina printr-o metilare-N se transformă în adrenalină. Concentrația normală de adrenalină în sânge este sub 100 ng/l (ca. 500 pmol/l). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regularea_biosintezei">Regularea biosintezei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Regularea biosintezei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Regularea biosintezei"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Adrenalin_(Biosynthese).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Biosinteza adrenalinei."><img alt="Biosinteza adrenalinei." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Adrenalin_%28Biosynthese%29.png/300px-Adrenalin_%28Biosynthese%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Adrenalin_%28Biosynthese%29.png/450px-Adrenalin_%28Biosynthese%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Adrenalin_%28Biosynthese%29.png/600px-Adrenalin_%28Biosynthese%29.png 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption>Biosinteza adrenalinei.</figcaption></figure> <p>Regularea și stimularea biosintezei se realizează în organism prin acțiunea excitantă neuronală a adrenalinei, stare de excitație care favorizează transformarea tiroxinei în dopa și apoi dopamină care se transformă la rândul ei în noradrenalină. Cortizonul care ia naștere în corticosuprarenală facilitează transformarea noradrenalinei în adrenalină. Concentrația crescută în sânge a adrenalinei declanșează un mecanism de feedback care reglează valorile concentrației de adrenalină între anumite limite, prin reducerea sau creșterea producerii de tirozină.<br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descompunere">Descompunere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Descompunere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Descompunere"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Adrenalin_(Metabolisierung).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Descompunerea epinefrinei."><img alt="Descompunerea epinefrinei." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Adrenalin_%28Metabolisierung%29.png/300px-Adrenalin_%28Metabolisierung%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Adrenalin_%28Metabolisierung%29.png/450px-Adrenalin_%28Metabolisierung%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Adrenalin_%28Metabolisierung%29.png/600px-Adrenalin_%28Metabolisierung%29.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Descompunerea epinefrinei.</figcaption></figure> <p>Adrenalina se descompune relativ repede (trei minute) în organism, metabolizarea este realizată în special prin acțiunea enzimelor catehil-metil-transerază (COMT) și monoaminooxidază (MAO), substanța rezultată este inactivată prin legare o parte de sulf și eliminată prin urină.<br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mecanismul_de_acțiune"><span id="Mecanismul_de_ac.C8.9Biune"></span>Mecanismul de acțiune</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Mecanismul de acțiune" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Mecanismul de acțiune"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mecanismul ei de acțiune determină punerea rapidă de energie la dispoziția organismului, energie necesară în cazuri de pericol, pentru supraviețuire prin fugă sau luptă. Acest efect fiind realizat prin activarea proteinei-G de adrenalină. </p> <ul><li>Acțiunea stimulatoare a ei asupra inimii și sistemului circulator, duce la creșterea volemiei sanguine centrale în inimă, mușchii scheletici, prin derivația sângelui periferic realizat prin contracția vaselor periferice, unde scade volumul de sânge de la nivelul pielii și rinichilor și activarea receptorilor adrenalinei.</li> <li>Asupra mușchilor netezi, respirației, tractusului digestiv și vezicii urinare are o acțiune diferită. Astfel determină creșterea frecvenței respiratorii cu dilatarea bronhiilor, reducerea activității digestive, a peristaltismului intestinal și în general de contracție a musculaturii netede de la nivelul vezicii urinare cu excepția gravidelor unde adrenalina acționează relaxant asupra uterului.</li> <li>Mobilizarea rezervelor de energie se realizează prin metabolizarea grăsimilor (lipoliză), adrenalina activând enzimele lipaze și formare de <a href="/wiki/Glucoz%C4%83" title="Glucoză">glucoză</a> și glucagon necesară energiei mușchilor scheletici, prin inhibarea producerii de <a href="/wiki/Insulin%C4%83" title="Insulină">insulină</a>.</li> <li>Adrenalina produsă de glandele suprarenale nu poate traversa bariera hemato-encefalică a <a href="/wiki/SNC" class="mw-disambig" title="SNC">SNC</a>, de aceea se presupune că asupra sistemului nervos central are numai o acțiune pe baza reflexelor nervoase.</li> <li>Alte efecte ale adrenalinei sunt uscarea mucoaselor, de unde apare senzația de gură uscată, piele de gâscă, transpirare, midriază pupilară, influențând și procesul de coagulare a sângelui.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrenalin%C4%83&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a136abb4332d8fb2254a682e0c04fad7-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a136abb4332d8fb2254a682e0c04fad7_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5816">„Adrenalină”</a>, <i>epinephrine</i> (în engleză), <a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-11-19">19 noiembrie 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adrenalin%C4%83&rft.btitle=epinephrine&rft.pub=PubChem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fcompound%2F5816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAdrenalin%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medicină_de_urgență" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Tubul_laringian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubul laringian — pagină inexistentă">Tubul laringian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combitube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combitube — pagină inexistentă">Combitube</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasul_respirator_nazofaringian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasul respirator nazofaringian — pagină inexistentă">Vasul respirator nazofaringian</a> (NPA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C4%83ile_respiratorii_orofaringiene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Căile respiratorii orofaringiene — pagină inexistentă">Căile respiratorii orofaringiene</a> (OPA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masca_de_buzunar_Laerdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masca de buzunar Laerdal — pagină inexistentă">Masca de buzunar Laerdal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medicamente</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenozin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adenozină — pagină inexistentă">Adenozină</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiodaron%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amiodaronă — pagină inexistentă">Amiodaronă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropin%C4%83" title="Atropină">Atropină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamin%C4%83" title="Dopamină">Dopamină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinefrin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinefrină">Epinefrină / Adrenalină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxon%C4%83" title="Naloxonă">Naloxonă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfat_de_magneziu" title="Sulfat de magneziu">Sulfat de magneziu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicarbonat_de_sodiu" title="Bicarbonat de sodiu">Bicarbonat de sodiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Organiza%C8%9Bii_de_medicin%C4%83_de_urgen%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Organizații de medicină de urgență — pagină inexistentă"> Organizații</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federa%C8%9Bia_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_pentru_Medicina_de_Urgen%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federația Internațională pentru Medicina de Urgență — pagină inexistentă">Federația Internațională pentru Medicina de Urgență</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Conferin%C8%9Ba_interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_privind_medicina_de_urgen%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conferința internațională privind medicina de urgență — pagină inexistentă">Conferința internațională privind medicina de urgență</a>)</li> <li><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=European_Society_of_Emergency_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Society of Emergency Medicine — pagină inexistentă">European Society of Emergency Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asian_Society_for_Emergency_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asian Society for Emergency Medicine — pagină inexistentă">Asian Society for Emergency Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Curs_de_medicin%C4%83_de_urgen%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Curs de medicină de urgență — pagină inexistentă">Cursuri</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Sprijin_de_urgen%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Sprijin de urgență — pagină inexistentă">Sprijin de urgență</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" 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(PALS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sisteme de punctare</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scala_NACA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scala NACA — pagină inexistentă">Scala NACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grad_de_severitate_a_r%C4%83nilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grad de severitate a rănilor — pagină inexistentă">Grad de severitate a rănilor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Symbol_book_class2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia book"><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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