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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditum_Paradoxum" title="Conditum Paradoxum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Conditum Paradoxum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Κόνδιτο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόνδιτο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditum" title="Conditum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conditum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Roman spiced wine</div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conditum02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Conditum02.jpg/220px-Conditum02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Conditum02.jpg/330px-Conditum02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Conditum02.jpg/440px-Conditum02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="1503" /></a><figcaption>A modern bottle of Conditum Paradoxum</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Conditum</b>, <b>piperatum</b>, or <b>konditon</b> (κόνδιτον) is a family of <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spiced</a> <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wines</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">ancient Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine</a> cuisine. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> name translates roughly as "spiced". Recipes for <i>conditum viatorium</i> (traveler's spiced wine) and <i>conditum paradoxum</i> (surprise spiced wine) are found in <i><a href="/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" class="mw-redirect" title="De re coquinaria">De re coquinaria</a></i>. This <i>conditum paradoxum</i> includes wine, <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">mastic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Laurel">laurel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Date_Palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Date Palm">date</a> seeds and dates soaked in wine.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> of the 4th-century <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>, the main ingredients of <i>conditum</i> were wine, honey and pepper corns.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conditum was considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Piquant" class="mw-redirect" title="Piquant">piquant</a> wine. </p><p>A 10th-century redaction of an earlier Greek Byzantine agricultural work brings down the relative portions of each ingredient: </p> <blockquote><p>Let eight <a href="/wiki/Scruple_(unit)" title="Scruple (unit)">scruples</a> of pepper [corns] washed and dried and carefully pounded; one <i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_units_of_measurement#Dry_measure" title="Ancient Roman units of measurement">sextarius</a></i> of Attic honey, and four or five <i>sextarii</i> of old white wine, be mixed.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conditum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromatised_wine" title="Aromatised wine">Aromatised wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caecuban_wine" title="Caecuban wine">Caecuban wine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conditum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klassischearchaeologie.phil.uni-erlangen.de/realia/essen/rezepte/conditum.html">Conditum Paradoxum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308040216/http://www.klassischearchaeologie.phil.uni-erlangen.de/realia/essen/rezepte/conditum.html">Archived</a> 2018-03-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – recipe in Latin and German, read on February 03, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBuber1949" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Salomon_Buber" title="Salomon Buber">Buber</a>, Salomon (1949). <i><a href="/wiki/Pesikta_de-Rav_Kahana" title="Pesikta de-Rav Kahana">Pesikta de-Rav Kahana</a></i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Mekitze_Nirdamim" title="Mekitze Nirdamim">Mekitze Nirdamim</a>. p. 102b (Baḥodesh ha-shelishi).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pesikta+de-Rav+Kahana&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=102b+%28Ba%E1%B8%A5odesh+ha-shelishi%29&rft.pub=Mekitze+Nirdamim&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Buber&rft.aufirst=Salomon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConditum" class="Z3988"></span>, cf. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Terumot" title="Terumot">Terumot</a></i> 8:3 [42a], <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sirilio" title="Solomon Sirilio">Solomon Sirilio</a>'s commentary there, s.v. <b>קונדיטון</b>) and Jerusalem Talmud (<i><a href="/wiki/Avodah_Zarah_(tractate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avodah Zarah (tractate)">Avodah Zarah</a></i> 2:3 [11b]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Geoponica01/page/n13/mode/1up"><i>Geoponika - Agricultural Pursuits</i></a>. Vol. 1. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Owen_(priest)" title="Thomas Owen (priest)">Owen, T.</a> London: University of Oxford. 1805.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geoponika+-+Agricultural+Pursuits&rft.place=London&rft.pub=University+of+Oxford&rft.date=1805&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGeoponica01%2Fpage%2Fn13%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConditum" class="Z3988"></span>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Geoponica01/page/n296/mode/1up">260</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conditum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Andrew Dalby, <i>Food in the Ancient World from A to Z</i>, 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-23259-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-23259-7">0-415-23259-7</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/10px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/15px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/20px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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