CINXE.COM
3.13.0 Documentation
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" data-content_root="./"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><title>3.13.0 Documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css?v=80d5e7a1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pydoctheme.css?v=41b4f12d" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/sidebar-wrap.css?v=65806c5a" /> <link id="pygments_dark_css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments_dark.css?v=b20cc3f5" /> <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=6aaf4047"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script> <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script> <script src="_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.13.0 documentation" href="_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="copyright.html" /> <script defer data-domain="docs.python.org" src="https://plausible.io/js/script.js"></script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/index.html" /> <style> @media only screen { table.full-width-table { width: 100%; } } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pydoctheme_dark.css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" id="pydoctheme_dark_css"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="_static/py.svg" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/copybutton.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/menu.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/search-focus.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/themetoggle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/rtd_switcher.js"></script> <meta name="readthedocs-addons-api-version" content="1"> </head> <body> <div class="mobile-nav"> <input type="checkbox" id="menuToggler" class="toggler__input" aria-controls="navigation" aria-pressed="false" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Menu" /> <nav class="nav-content" role="navigation"> <label for="menuToggler" class="toggler__label"> <span></span> </label> <span class="nav-items-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.python.org/" class="nav-logo"> <img src="_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo"/> </a> <span class="version_switcher_placeholder"></span> <form role="search" class="search" action="search.html" method="get"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="search-icon"> <path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="currentColor" d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27a6.5 6.5 0 001.48-5.34c-.47-2.78-2.79-5-5.59-5.34a6.505 6.505 0 00-7.27 7.27c.34 2.8 2.56 5.12 5.34 5.59a6.5 6.5 0 005.34-1.48l.27.28v.79l4.25 4.25c.41.41 1.08.41 1.49 0 .41-.41.41-1.08 0-1.49L15.5 14zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path> </svg> <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go"/> </form> </span> </nav> <div class="menu-wrapper"> <nav class="menu" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div> <label class="theme-selector-label"> Theme <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)"> <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option> <option value="light">Light</option> <option value="dark">Dark</option> </select> </label> <h3>Download</h3> <p><a href="download.html">Download these documents</a></p> <h3>Docs by version</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.14/">Python 3.14 (in development)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.13/">Python 3.13 (stable)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.12/">Python 3.12 (stable)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.11/">Python 3.11 (security-fixes)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.10/">Python 3.10 (security-fixes)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.9/">Python 3.9 (security-fixes)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.8/">Python 3.8 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.7/">Python 3.7 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.6/">Python 3.6 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.5/">Python 3.5 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.4/">Python 3.4 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.3/">Python 3.3 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.2/">Python 3.2 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.1/">Python 3.1 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.0/">Python 3.0 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/2.7/">Python 2.7 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/2.6/">Python 2.6 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/doc/versions/">All versions</a></li> </ul> <h3>Other resources</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://peps.python.org">PEP Index</a></li> <li><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide">Beginner's Guide</a></li> <li><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks">Book List</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/doc/av/">Audio/Visual Talks</a></li> <li><a href="https://devguide.python.org/">Python Developer鈥檚 Guide</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li><img src="_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li class="switchers"> <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div> <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div> </li> <li> </li> <li id="cpython-language-and-version"> <a href="#">3.13.0 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""></a></li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> | </li> <li class="right"> <label class="theme-selector-label"> Theme <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)"> <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option> <option value="light">Light</option> <option value="dark">Dark</option> </select> </label> |</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <h1>Python 3.13.0 documentation</h1> <p> Welcome! This is the official documentation for Python 3.13.0. </p> <p><strong>Documentation sections:</strong></p> <table class="contentstable" align="center"><tr> <td width="50%"> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="whatsnew/3.13.html">What's new in Python 3.13?</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr"> Or <a href="whatsnew/index.html">all "What's new" documents since Python 2.0</a></span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Start here: a tour of Python's syntax and features</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="library/index.html">Library reference</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Standard library and builtins</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="reference/index.html">Language reference</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Syntax and language elements</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="using/index.html">Python setup and usage</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">How to install, configure, and use Python</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="howto/index.html">Python HOWTOs</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">In-depth topic manuals</span></p> </td><td width="50%"> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="installing/index.html">Installing Python modules</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Third-party modules and PyPI.org</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="distributing/index.html">Distributing Python modules</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Publishing modules for use by other people</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="extending/index.html">Extending and embedding</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">For C/C++ programmers</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="c-api/index.html">Python's C API</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">C API reference</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="faq/index.html">FAQs</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Frequently asked questions (with answers!)</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="deprecations/index.html">Deprecations</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Deprecated functionality</span></p> </td></tr> </table> <p><strong>Indices, glossary, and search:</strong></p> <table class="contentstable" align="center"><tr> <td width="50%"> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="py-modindex.html">Global module index</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">All modules and libraries</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="genindex.html">General index</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">All functions, classes, and terms</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="glossary.html">Glossary</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Terms explained</span></p> </td><td width="50%"> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="search.html">Search page</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Search this documentation</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="contents.html">Complete table of contents</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Lists all sections and subsections</span></p> </td></tr> </table> <p><strong>Project information:</strong></p> <table class="contentstable" align="center"><tr> <td width="50%"> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="bugs.html">Reporting issues</a></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="https://devguide.python.org/documentation/help-documenting/">Contributing to Docs</a></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="download.html">Download the documentation</a></p> </td><td width="50%"> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="license.html">History and license of Python</a></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="copyright.html">Copyright</a></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="about.html">About the documentation</a></p> </td></tr> </table> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="Main"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3>Download</h3> <p><a href="download.html">Download these documents</a></p> <h3>Docs by version</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.14/">Python 3.14 (in development)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.13/">Python 3.13 (stable)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.12/">Python 3.12 (stable)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.11/">Python 3.11 (security-fixes)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.10/">Python 3.10 (security-fixes)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.9/">Python 3.9 (security-fixes)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.8/">Python 3.8 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.7/">Python 3.7 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.6/">Python 3.6 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.5/">Python 3.5 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.4/">Python 3.4 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.3/">Python 3.3 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.2/">Python 3.2 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.1/">Python 3.1 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.0/">Python 3.0 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/2.7/">Python 2.7 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/2.6/">Python 2.6 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/doc/versions/">All versions</a></li> </ul> <h3>Other resources</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://peps.python.org">PEP Index</a></li> <li><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide">Beginner's Guide</a></li> <li><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks">Book List</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/doc/av/">Audio/Visual Talks</a></li> <li><a href="https://devguide.python.org/">Python Developer鈥檚 Guide</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="sidebarbutton" title="Collapse sidebar"> <span>芦</span> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li><img src="_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li class="switchers"> <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div> <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div> </li> <li> </li> <li id="cpython-language-and-version"> <a href="#">3.13.0 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""></a></li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> | </li> <li class="right"> <label class="theme-selector-label"> Theme <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)"> <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option> <option value="light">Light</option> <option value="dark">Dark</option> </select> </label> |</li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="copyright.html"> Copyright </a> 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation. <br /> This page is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License Version 2. <br /> Examples, recipes, and other code in the documentation are additionally licensed under the Zero Clause BSD License. <br /> See <a href="/license.html">History and License</a> for more information.<br /> <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> <br /> Last updated on Nov 25, 2024 (05:49 UTC). <a href="/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 8.1.3. </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/switchers.js"></script> </body> </html>