PHP: Fibers - Manual

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>PHP: Fibers - Manual </title> <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" sizes="any" href="https://www.php.net/favicon.svg?v=2"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="196x196" href="https://www.php.net/favicon-196x196.png?v=2"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.php.net/favicon-32x32.png?v=2"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.php.net/favicon-16x16.png?v=2"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.php.net/favicon.ico?v=2"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="http://php.net/phpnetimprovedsearch.src" title="Add PHP.net search"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://www.php.net/releases/feed.php" title="PHP Release feed"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" 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<div class="page-tools"> <div class="change-language"> <form action="/manual/change.php" method="get" id="changelang" name="changelang"> <fieldset> <label for="changelang-langs">Change language:</label> <select onchange="document.changelang.submit()" name="page" id="changelang-langs"> <option value='en/language.fibers.php' selected="selected">English</option> <option value='de/language.fibers.php'>German</option> <option value='es/language.fibers.php'>Spanish</option> <option value='fr/language.fibers.php'>French</option> <option value='it/language.fibers.php'>Italian</option> <option value='ja/language.fibers.php'>Japanese</option> <option value='pt_BR/language.fibers.php'>Brazilian Portuguese</option> <option value='ru/language.fibers.php'>Russian</option> <option value='tr/language.fibers.php'>Turkish</option> <option value='uk/language.fibers.php'>Ukrainian</option> <option value='zh/language.fibers.php'>Chinese (Simplified)</option> <option value='help-translate.php'>Other</option> </select> </fieldset> </form> </div> </div><div id="language.fibers" class="chapter"> <h1 class="title">Fibers</h1> <div class="simplesect" id="language.fibers.overview"> <h3 class="title">Fibers overview</h3> (PHP 8 >= 8.1.0) Fibers represent full-stack, interruptible functions. Fibers may be suspended from anywhere in the call-stack, pausing execution within the fiber until the fiber is resumed at a later time. Fibers pause the entire execution stack, so the direct caller of the function does not need to change how it invokes the function. Execution may be interrupted anywhere in the call stack using <a href="fiber.suspend.php" class="methodname">Fiber::suspend()</a> (that is, the call to <a href="fiber.suspend.php" class="methodname">Fiber::suspend()</a> may be in a deeply nested function or not even exist at all). Unlike stack-less <a href="class.generator.php" class="classname">Generator</a>s, each <a href="class.fiber.php" class="classname">Fiber</a> has its own call stack, allowing them to be paused within deeply nested function calls. A function declaring an interruption point (that is, calling <a href="fiber.suspend.php" class="methodname">Fiber::suspend()</a>) need not change its return type, unlike a function using <a href="language.generators.syntax.php#control-structures.yield" class="link"><code class="literal">yield</code></a> which must return a <a href="class.generator.php" class="classname">Generator</a> instance. Fibers can be suspended in any function call, including those called from within the PHP VM, such as functions provided to <a href="function.array-map.php" class="function">array_map()</a> or methods called by <a href="control-structures.foreach.php" class="link"><code class="literal">foreach</code></a> on an <a href="class.iterator.php" class="classname">Iterator</a> object. Once suspended, execution of the fiber may be resumed with any value using <a href="fiber.resume.php" class="methodname">Fiber::resume()</a> or by throwing an exception into the fiber using <a href="fiber.throw.php" class="methodname">Fiber::throw()</a>. The value is returned (or exception thrown) from <a href="fiber.suspend.php" class="methodname">Fiber::suspend()</a>. <blockquote class="note">Note: Prior to PHP 8.4.0, switching fibers during the execution of an object <a href="language.oop5.decon.php#language.oop5.decon.destructor" class="link">destructor</a> was not allowed. </blockquote> <div class="example" id="language.fiber.example.basic"> Example #1 Basic usage <div class="example-contents"> <div class="phpcode"><code><?php $fiber = new Fiber(function (): void { $value = Fiber::suspend('fiber'); echo "Value used to resume fiber: ", $value, PHP_EOL; }); $value = $fiber->start(); echo "Value from fiber suspending: ", $value, PHP_EOL; $fiber->resume('test'); ?></code></div> </div> <div class="example-contents">The above example will output:</div> <div class="example-contents screen"> <div class="cdata"><pre> Value from fiber suspending: fiber Value used to resume fiber: test </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="contribute"> <h3 class="title">Found A Problem?</h3> <div> </div> <div class="edit-bug"> <a href="https://github.com/php/doc-base/blob/master/README.md" title="This will take you to our contribution guidelines on GitHub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn How To Improve This Page</a> • <a href="https://github.com/php/doc-en/blob/master/language/fibers.xml">Submit a Pull Request</a> • <a href="https://github.com/php/doc-en/issues/new?body=From%20manual%20page:%20https:%2F%2Fphp.net%2Flanguage.fibers%0A%0A---">Report a Bug</a> </div> </div><section id="usernotes"> <div class="head"> <a href="/manual/add-note.php?sect=language.fibers&repo=en&redirect=https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.fibers.php">＋add a note</a> <h3 class="title">User Contributed Notes 6 notes</h3> </div><div id="allnotes"> <div class="note" id="127029"> <div class="votes"> <div id="Vu127029"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=127029&page=language.fibers&vote=up" title="Vote up!" class="usernotes-voteu">up</a> </div> <div id="Vd127029"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=127029&page=language.fibers&vote=down" title="Vote down!" class="usernotes-voted">down</a> </div> <div class="tally" id="V127029" title="76% like this..."> 89 </div> </div> <a href="#127029" class="name"> user at csa dot es</a><a class="genanchor" href="#127029"> ¶</a><div class="date" title="2022-05-05 07:11">2 years ago</div> <div class="text" id="Hcom127029"> <div class="phpcode"><code>Perhaps not using the same variable name everywhere will be a good idea <?php $fiber = new Fiber(function (): void { $parm = Fiber::suspend('fiber'); echo "Value used to resume fiber: ", $parm, PHP_EOL; }); $res = $fiber->start(); echo "Value from fiber suspending: ", $res, PHP_EOL; $fiber->resume('test'); ?></code></div> </div> </div> <div class="note" id="127282"> <div class="votes"> <div id="Vu127282"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=127282&page=language.fibers&vote=up" title="Vote up!" class="usernotes-voteu">up</a> </div> <div id="Vd127282"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=127282&page=language.fibers&vote=down" title="Vote down!" class="usernotes-voted">down</a> </div> <div class="tally" id="V127282" title="74% like this..."> 34 </div> </div> <a href="#127282" class="name"> Ali Madadi</a><a class="genanchor" href="#127282"> ¶</a><div class="date" title="2022-07-14 10:17">2 years ago</div> <div class="text" id="Hcom127282"> <div class="phpcode"><code>Here is a simple scheduler and thread pool that implements multithreading using fibers and tick functions in PHP 8.1 and returns the return value of each function in the pool in an array at the end. Note that due to some bugs, you need to register a new tick function for each "thread". Remember to unregister all of them at the end. The link bellow is the discussion on a bug that is going on right now (At the time of writing this). Note that based on the discussion, the ability to call Fiber::suspend() inside tick function may become forbidden in PHP 8.2+. But if the bug gets fixed, you can move register_tick_function() line to the top of the class, and this simple multithreading class in pure PHP code will work like a charm. <a href="https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/8960" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/8960</a> <?php declare(ticks=1); class Thread { protected static $names = []; protected static $fibers = []; protected static $params = []; public static function register(string|int $name, callable $callback, array $params) { self::$names[] = $name; self::$fibers[] = new Fiber($callback); self::$params[] = $params; } public static function run() { $output = []; while (self::$fibers) { foreach (self::$fibers as $i => $fiber) { try { if (!$fiber->isStarted()) { // Register a new tick function for scheduling this fiber register_tick_function('Thread::scheduler'); $fiber->start(...self::$params[$i]); } elseif ($fiber->isTerminated()) { $output[self::$names[$i]] = $fiber->getReturn(); unset(self::$fibers[$i]); } elseif ($fiber->isSuspended()) { $fiber->resume(); } } catch (Throwable $e) { $output[self::$names[$i]] = $e; } } } return $output; } public static function scheduler () { if(Fiber::getCurrent() === null) { return; } // running Fiber::suspend() in this if condition will prevent an infinite loop! if(count(self::$fibers) > 1) { Fiber::suspend(); } } } ?> And here is an example code on how to use above Thread class: <?php // defining a non-blocking thread, so multiple calls will run in concurrent mode using above Thread class. function thread (string $print, int $loop) { $i = $loop; while ($i--){ echo $print; } return "Thread '{$print}' finished after printing '{$print}' for {$loop} times!"; } // registering 6 Threads (A, B, C, D, E, and F) foreach(range('A', 'F') as $c) { Thread::register($c, 'thread', [$c, rand(5, 20)]); } // run threads and wait until execution finishes $outputs = Thread::run(); // print outputs echo PHP_EOL, '-------------- RETURN VALUES --------------', PHP_EOL; print_r($outputs); ?> The output will be something like this (but probably different): ABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCEFABFABFABEBEFBEFEFEFAABEABEBEFBEFFAAAAAA -------------- RETURN VALUES -------------- Array ( [D] => Thread 'D' finished after printing 'D' for 5 times! [C] => Thread 'C' finished after printing 'C' for 6 times! [E] => Thread 'E' finished after printing 'E' for 15 times! [B] => Thread 'B' finished after printing 'B' for 15 times! [F] => Thread 'F' finished after printing 'F' for 15 times! [A] => Thread 'A' finished after printing 'A' for 18 times! )</code></div> </div> </div> <div class="note" id="127846"> <div class="votes"> <div id="Vu127846"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=127846&page=language.fibers&vote=up" title="Vote up!" class="usernotes-voteu">up</a> </div> <div id="Vd127846"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=127846&page=language.fibers&vote=down" title="Vote down!" class="usernotes-voted">down</a> </div> <div class="tally" id="V127846" title="81% like this..."> 10 </div> </div> <a href="#127846" class="name"> nesk at xakep dot ru</a><a class="genanchor" href="#127846"> ¶</a><div class="date" title="2022-10-24 01:21">2 years ago</div> <div class="text" id="Hcom127846"> <div class="phpcode"><code>I think that in some cases it makes sense to convert a Fiber to a Generator (Coroutine) for convenience. In such cases, this code will be useful: <?php function fiber_to_coroutine(\Fiber $fiber): \Generator { $index = -1; // Note: Pre-increment is faster than post-increment. $value = null; // Allow an already running fiber. if (!$fiber->isStarted()) { $value = yield ++$index => $fiber->start(); } // A Fiber without suspends should return the result immediately. if (!$fiber->isTerminated()) { while (true) { $value = $fiber->resume($value); // The last call to "resume()" moves the execution of the // Fiber to the "return" stmt. // // So the "yield" is not needed. Skip this step and return // the result. if ($fiber->isTerminated()) { break; } $value = yield ++$index => $value; } } return $fiber->getReturn(); } ?></code></div> </div> </div> <div class="note" id="127125"> <div class="votes"> <div id="Vu127125"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=127125&page=language.fibers&vote=up" title="Vote up!" class="usernotes-voteu">up</a> </div> <div id="Vd127125"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=127125&page=language.fibers&vote=down" title="Vote down!" class="usernotes-voted">down</a> </div> <div class="tally" id="V127125" title="72% like this..."> 21 </div> </div> <a href="#127125" class="name"> maxpanchnko at gmail dot com</a><a class="genanchor" href="#127125"> ¶</a><div class="date" title="2022-05-22 12:16">2 years ago</div> <div class="text" id="Hcom127125"> <div class="phpcode"><code>One of examples, how to make multi_curl faster twice (pseudocode) using Fibers: <?php $curlHandles = []; $urls = [ '<a href="https://example.com/1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://example.com/1</a>', '<a href="https://example.com/2" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://example.com/2</a>', ... '<a href="https://example.com/1000" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://example.com/1000</a>', ]; $mh = curl_multi_init(); $mh_fiber = curl_multi_init(); $halfOfList = floor(count($urls) / 2); foreach ($urls as $index => $url) { $ch = curl_init($url); $curlHandles[] = $ch; // half of urls will be run in background in fiber $index > $halfOfList ? curl_multi_add_handle($mh_fiber, $ch) : curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch); } $fiber = new Fiber(function (CurlMultiHandle $mh) { $still_running = null; do { curl_multi_exec($mh, $still_running); Fiber::suspend(); } while ($still_running); }); // run curl multi exec in background while fiber is in suspend status $fiber->start($mh_fiber); $still_running = null; do { $status = curl_multi_exec($mh, $still_running); } while ($still_running); do { /** * at this moment curl in fiber already finished (maybe) * so we must refresh $still_running variable with one more cycle "do while" in fiber **/ $status_fiber = $fiber->resume(); } while (!$fiber->isTerminated()); foreach ($curlHandles as $index => $ch) { $index > $halfOfList ? curl_multi_remove_handle($mh_fiber, $ch) : curl_multi_remove_handle($mh, $ch); } curl_multi_close($mh); curl_multi_close($mh_fiber); ?></code></div> </div> </div> <div class="note" id="127383"> <div class="votes"> <div id="Vu127383"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=127383&page=language.fibers&vote=up" title="Vote up!" class="usernotes-voteu">up</a> </div> <div id="Vd127383"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=127383&page=language.fibers&vote=down" title="Vote down!" class="usernotes-voted">down</a> </div> <div class="tally" id="V127383" title="60% like this..."> 5 </div> </div> <a href="#127383" class="name"> newuser</a><a class="genanchor" href="#127383"> ¶</a><div class="date" title="2022-08-01 03:04">2 years ago</div> <div class="text" id="Hcom127383"> <div class="phpcode"><code>Example of the same functionality showing what is the difference between Fiber and Generator <?php $gener = (function () use (&$gener): Generator { $userfunc = function () use (&$gener) : Generator { register_shutdown_function(function () use (&$gener) { $gener->send('test'); }); return yield 'test'; }; $parm = yield from $userfunc(); echo "Value used to resume fiber: ", $parm, PHP_EOL; })(); $res = $gener->current(); echo "Value from fiber suspending: ", $res, PHP_EOL; ?> <?php $fiber = new Fiber(function () use (&$fiber) : void { $userfunc = function () use (&$fiber) : string { register_shutdown_function(function () use (&$fiber) { $fiber->resume('test'); }); return Fiber::suspend('fiber'); }; $parm = $userfunc(); echo "Value used to resume fiber: ", $parm, PHP_EOL; }); $res = $fiber->start(); echo "Value from fiber suspending: ", $res, PHP_EOL; ?></code></div> </div> </div> <div class="note" id="129688"> <div class="votes"> <div id="Vu129688"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=129688&page=language.fibers&vote=up" title="Vote up!" class="usernotes-voteu">up</a> </div> <div id="Vd129688"> <a href="/manual/vote-note.php?id=129688&page=language.fibers&vote=down" title="Vote down!" class="usernotes-voted">down</a> </div> <div class="tally" id="V129688" title="100% like this..."> 1 </div> </div> <a href="#129688" class="name"> nikiDOTamministratoreATgmail at no dot spam</a><a class="genanchor" href="#129688"> ¶</a><div class="date" title="2024-08-06 09:14">4 months ago</div> <div class="text" id="Hcom129688"> <div class="phpcode"><code>TL;DR The Thread class from Ali Madabi above has been eventually deprecated by the linked issue as relaying on tick functions for preemptive multi-threading simulation has been deemed "bad practice". Better ways were suggested for achieving some sort of multi-threading, such as: Revolt and AMP. <a href="https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/8960#issuecomment-1184249445" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/8960#issuecomment-1184249445</a></code></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="foot"><a href="/manual/add-note.php?sect=language.fibers&repo=en&redirect=https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.fibers.php">＋add a note</a></div> </section> </section> <aside class='layout-menu'> <ul class='parent-menu-list'> <li> <a href="langref.php">Language Reference</a> <ul class='child-menu-list'> <li class=""> <a href="language.basic-syntax.php" title="Basic syntax">Basic syntax</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="language.types.php" title="Types">Types</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="language.variables.php" title="Variables">Variables</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="language.constants.php" title="Constants">Constants</a> </li> <li class=""> <a 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