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title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, whose traditional lands extended from east of the <a href="/wiki/McArthur_River" title="McArthur River">McArthur River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Borroloola" title="Borroloola">Borroloola</a> to <a href="/wiki/Doomadgee" class="mw-redirect" title="Doomadgee">Doomadgee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nicholson_River_(Queensland)" title="Nicholson River (Queensland)">Nicholson River</a> in Queensland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrigger201556_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrigger201556-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMushin20131_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMushin20131-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrwa_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Garrwa_language" title="Garrwa language">Garrwa language</a></div> <p>Together with the <a href="/wiki/Waanyi_language" title="Waanyi language">Waanyi language</a>, Garrwa belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Garawan_languages" title="Garawan languages">Garrwan language family</a>, and had two dialects: the <i>heavy</i> eastern <i>Guninderri</i> and the <i>light</i> western variety of Garrwa. Its status within the larger <a href="/wiki/Pama-Nyungan_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Pama-Nyungan family">Pama-Nyungan family</a> is disputed: though it shares some features, it also displays many innovative forms that are rare in other Australian languages, suggesting that it fits a distinctive typology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMushin20135_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMushin20135-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Country">Country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrwa_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Norman_Tindale" title="Norman Tindale">Tindale</a> calculated the extent of Garrwa lands at approximately 6,300 square miles (16,000 km<sup>2</sup>). They were in his view an inland people whose northern extension ran only as far as roughly the margins of the coastal plain some 40 miles (64 km) from the Gulf of Carpentaria's coastline. Their territory was rocky, crossing the plateau from the Robinson River homestead and the Foelsche River, running as far south as the headwaters of the former and Seigalls Creek Homestead. Their eastern flank went beyond <a href="/wiki/Calvert_Hills_Station" title="Calvert Hills Station">Calvert Hills</a> as far as east to <a href="/wiki/Wollogorang_Station" title="Wollogorang Station">Wollogorang</a> close to the Queensland border and to the Westmoreland outstation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974228_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETindale1974228-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maps have the <a href="/wiki/Yanyuwa_people" title="Yanyuwa people">Yanyuwa people</a> to the north of the Garrwa, the <a href="/wiki/Waanyi" title="Waanyi">Waanyi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gudanji" title="Gudanji">Gudanji</a> to their south, and the <a href="/wiki/Yukulta" title="Yukulta">Yukulta / Ganggalidda</a> to their east. Today the Garrwa people consider themselves related to the area along the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a> coastline of Queensland, around the Wearyan and <a href="/wiki/Robinson_River_(Northern_Territory)" title="Robinson River (Northern Territory)">Robinson Rivers</a>. Two other groups, the <a href="/wiki/Binbinga" title="Binbinga">Binbinga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilingura" title="Wilingura">Wilangarra</a> became extinct soon after the beginning of white colonisation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMushin20131_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMushin20131-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Garrwa habitat extended from the northern tropical, with its mangroves to southern semi-arid inland, with its sandstone gorges. According to the seasons, they would venture into the <a href="/wiki/Barkly_Tableland" title="Barkly Tableland"><i>Bukalara</i> (Barkly Tableland)</a>. They see themselves as a freshwater people, distinct from the saltwater peoples to the north and east, harvesting food available in the riverine ecosystem – crayfish, turtles, tubers and waterlies – along with land game such as kangaroo, <a href="/wiki/Echidna" title="Echidna">echidnas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phalangeridae" title="Phalangeridae">possums</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMushin20131–2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMushin20131–2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drawing on a paraphrase by the historian Tony Roberts, the leading modern authority on the Garrwa Ilana Mushin identifies as part of Garrwa lands the area described in the journal kept by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Leichhardt" title="Ludwig Leichhardt">Ludwig Leichhardt</a> as he travelled an old aboriginal trade route through the southern coastal area, as that is. The area concerned, now called the <a href="/wiki/Port_McArthur_Tidal_Wetlands_System" title="Port McArthur Tidal Wetlands System">Port McArthur Tidal Wetlands System</a>, lay around the Robinson and Wearyan rivers, and Leichhardt </p> <blockquote><p>described emu traps around waterholes, fish traps and fishing weirs across rivers, well-used footpaths, major living areas with substantial dwellings, wells of clear water and a sophisticated method of detoxifying the otherwise extremely poisonous <a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">cycad</a> nuts. There were moderately high concentrations of people leading an industrious lifestyle. All of this was markedly different to the stereotyped images of 'savages' leading a 'nomadic' and 'primitive' existence.'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMushin20132_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMushin20132-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts20059_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts20059-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>The Garrwa now co-manage the <a href="/wiki/Ganalanga-Mindibirrina_Indigenous_Protected_Area" title="Ganalanga-Mindibirrina Indigenous Protected Area">Ganalanga-Mindibirrina Indigenous Protected Area</a>, formed in 2015 through the Waanyi Garawa and Garawa Ranger groups.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_organization">Social organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrwa_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Social organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Garrwa were divided into <a href="/wiki/Band_society" title="Band society">clans</a>, the name of which one at least is known. </p> <ul><li><i>Wulungwara</i> (a clan around Wollongorang)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974228_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETindale1974228-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_contact">History of contact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrwa_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History of contact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the onset of white colonization, the Garrwa are known to have moved up to the coast as far as Tully Inlet, and there they began to mix with the Yanyuwa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974228_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETindale1974228-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1916 copper was discovered in the area of Redbank in Garrwa territory<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedbank2018_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedbank2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thereafter the Redbank Copper Mine was established. The pollution from the overflow of its washed ores has turned the nearby Hanrahan's Creek toxic and seeped over as far as the Wentworth Aggregation wetland, Wollogorang Station and affected sacred aboriginal sites such as Moonlight Falls.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToohey2013_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToohey2013-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trading">Trading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrwa_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much prized <i>kulunja</i> knife blades of the <i>leilira</i> type were fashioned from <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a> mined at a site 6 miles south of the modern Redbanks Copper Mine, and used as articles of trade by the Garrwa. One particular use for them was as barter to obtain young wives from the <a href="/wiki/Lardil_people" title="Lardil people">Lardil</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mornington_Island" title="Mornington Island">Mornington Island</a>. An early survey of <a href="/wiki/Blood_type" title="Blood type">blood types</a> suggested that the Garrwa had a high B <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotype</a> ratio, a characteristic almost non-existent among Australian Aboriginal people, shared only by the <a href="/wiki/Kaiadilt" title="Kaiadilt">Kaiadilt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tagalag_people" title="Tagalag people">Tagalag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974228_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETindale1974228-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Garrwa were considered to be the main source for the B gene in surrounding continental populations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimmonsGraydonTindale196468,_79_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimmonsGraydonTindale196468,_79-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_names">Alternative names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrwa_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alternative names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Karawa</i></li> <li><i>Karrawar</i></li> <li><i>Garawa</i></li> <li><i>Kurrawar</i></li> <li><i>Korrawa</i></li> <li><i>Grawa</i></li> <li><i>Leearawa</i></li> <li><i>Kariwa</i></li> <li><i>Wulungwara</i></li> <li><i>Wollongorang</i> (toponym)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974228_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETindale1974228-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrwa_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrwa_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrigger201556-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrigger201556_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrigger2015">Trigger 2015</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMushin20131-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMushin20131_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMushin20131_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMushin2013">Mushin 2013</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMushin20135-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMushin20135_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMushin2013">Mushin 2013</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETindale1974228-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974228_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974228_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974228_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974228_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974228_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTindale1974">Tindale 1974</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMushin20131–2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMushin20131–2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMushin2013">Mushin 2013</a>, pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMushin20132-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMushin20132_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMushin2013">Mushin 2013</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts20059-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts20059_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts2009">Roberts 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niaa.gov.au/node/2308">"Ganalanga-Mindibirrina IPA and Waanyi Garawa and Garawa Rangers | NIAA"</a>. <i>www.niaa.gov.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.niaa.gov.au&rft.atitle=Ganalanga-Mindibirrina+IPA+and+Waanyi+Garawa+and+Garawa+Rangers+%7C+NIAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niaa.gov.au%2Fnode%2F2308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedbank2018-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedbank2018_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedbank2018">Redbank 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToohey2013-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToohey2013_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToohey2013">Toohey 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimmonsGraydonTindale196468,_79-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimmonsGraydonTindale196468,_79_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimmonsGraydonTindale1964">Simmons, Graydon & Tindale 1964</a>, pp. 68, 79.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrwa_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasedow1907" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Basedow" title="Herbert Basedow">Basedow, Herbert</a> (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54644#page/13/mode/1up">"Anthropological notes on the Western Coastal tribes of the Northern Territory of South Australia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_South_Australia" title="Royal Society of South Australia">Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia</a></i>. <b>31</b>. Adelaide: 1–62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+South+Australia&rft.atitle=Anthropological+notes+on+the+Western+Coastal+tribes+of+the+Northern+Territory+of+South+Australia&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=1-62&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Basedow&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F54644%23page%2F13%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathews1899" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hamilton_Mathews" title="Robert Hamilton Mathews">Mathews, R. H.</a> (July 1899). "Native tribes of Queensland". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Anthropologist" title="American Anthropologist">American Anthropologist</a></i>. <b>1</b> (3): 595–597. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/658830">658830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Anthropologist&rft.atitle=Native+tribes+of+Queensland&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=595-597&rft.date=1899-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F658830%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mathews&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathews1900" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hamilton_Mathews" title="Robert Hamilton Mathews">Mathews, R. H.</a> (July–September 1900). "The Wombya Organization of the Australian Aborigines". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Anthropologist" title="American Anthropologist">American Anthropologist</a></i>. <b>2</b> (3). Adelaide: 494–501. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1900.2.3.02a00050">10.1525/aa.1900.2.3.02a00050</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/658964">658964</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Anthropologist&rft.atitle=The+Wombya+Organization+of+the+Australian+Aborigines&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=494-501&rft.date=1900-07%2F1900-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Faa.1900.2.3.02a00050&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F658964%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mathews&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMushin2013" class="citation book cs1">Mushin, Ilana (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Ah-vkNs2gAC&pg=PA5"><i>A Grammar of (Western) Garrwa</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-614-51241-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-614-51241-7"><bdi>978-1-614-51241-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+%28Western%29+Garrwa&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-614-51241-7&rft.aulast=Mushin&rft.aufirst=Ilana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Ah-vkNs2gAC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedbank2018" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.nt.gov.au/legacy-mines/redbank-mine/traditional-owners"><i>Redbank mine</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Primary_Industry_and_Resources_(Northern_Territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Primary Industry and Resources (Northern Territory)">NT Department of Mines and Energy</a>. 27 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redbank+mine&rft.pub=NT+Department+of+Mines+and+Energy&rft.date=2018-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminerals.nt.gov.au%2Flegacy-mines%2Fredbank-mine%2Ftraditional-owners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2005" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Tony (2005). <i>Frontier Justice: A History of the Gulf Country to 1900</i>. University of Queensland Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-702-24083-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-702-24083-6"><bdi>978-0-702-24083-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontier+Justice%3A+A+History+of+the+Gulf+Country+to+1900&rft.pub=University+of+Queensland+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-702-24083-6&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2009" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Tony (November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2009/november/1330478364/tony-roberts/brutal-truth">"The brutal truth: What happened in the gulf country"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monthly" title="The Monthly">The Monthly</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Monthly&rft.atitle=The+brutal+truth%3A+What+happened+in+the+gulf+country&rft.date=2009-11&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themonthly.com.au%2Fissue%2F2009%2Fnovember%2F1330478364%2Ftony-roberts%2Fbrutal-truth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimmonsGraydonTindale1964" class="citation journal cs1">Simmons, R. T.; Graydon, J. J.; <a href="/wiki/Norman_Tindale" title="Norman Tindale">Tindale, Norman</a> (September 1964). "Further Blood Group Genetical Studies on Australian Aborigines of Bentinck, Mornington and Forsyth Islands and the Mainland, Gulf of Carpentaria, Together with Frequencies for Natives of the Western Desert, Western Australia". <i><a href="/wiki/Oceania_(journal)" title="Oceania (journal)">Oceania</a></i>. <b>35</b> (1): 66–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.1964.tb00829.x">10.1002/j.1834-4461.1964.tb00829.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40329459">40329459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceania&rft.atitle=Further+Blood+Group+Genetical+Studies+on+Australian+Aborigines+of+Bentinck%2C+Mornington+and+Forsyth+Islands+and+the+Mainland%2C+Gulf+of+Carpentaria%2C+Together+with+Frequencies+for+Natives+of+the+Western+Desert%2C+Western+Australia&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=66-80&rft.date=1964-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.1964.tb00829.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40329459%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=R.+T.&rft.au=Graydon%2C+J.+J.&rft.au=Tindale%2C+Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer1914" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Baldwin_Spencer" title="Walter Baldwin Spencer">Spencer, Baldwin</a> (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/cu31924028623076/cu31924028623076.pdf"><i>Native tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Native+tribes+of+the+Northern+Territory+of+Australia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Baldwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2Fcu31924028623076%2Fcu31924028623076.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencerGillen1899" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Baldwin_Spencer" title="Walter Baldwin Spencer">Spencer, Sir Baldwin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Francis_James_Gillen" title="Francis James Gillen">Gillen, Francis J.</a> (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/nativetribesofce00spenuoft/nativetribesofce00spenuoft.pdf"><i>Native tribes of Central Australia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Native+tribes+of+Central+Australia&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Sir+Baldwin&rft.au=Gillen%2C+Francis+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2Fnativetribesofce00spenuoft%2Fnativetribesofce00spenuoft.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStretton1893" class="citation journal cs1">Stretton, W. G. (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071232/http://www.territorystories.nt.gov.au/jspui/bitstream/10070/153099/1/Customs.pdf">"Customs, rites and superstitions of the aboriginal tribes of the Gulf of Carpentaria"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society_of_Australasia" title="Royal Geographical Society of Australasia">Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia (Adelaide Branch)</a></i>. <b>17</b>: 227–253. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.territorystories.nt.gov.au/jspui/bitstream/10070/153099/1/Customs.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Geographical+Society+of+Australia+%28Adelaide+Branch%29&rft.atitle=Customs%2C+rites+and+superstitions+of+the+aboriginal+tribes+of+the+Gulf+of+Carpentaria&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=227-253&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Stretton&rft.aufirst=W.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.territorystories.nt.gov.au%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F10070%2F153099%2F1%2FCustoms.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTindale1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Tindale" title="Norman Tindale">Tindale, Norman Barnett</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200320020206/http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/karawa.htm">"Karawa (NT)"</a>. <i>Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names</i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-708-10741-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-708-10741-6"><bdi>978-0-708-10741-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/karawa.htm">the original</a> on 20 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Karawa+%28NT%29&rft.btitle=Aboriginal+Tribes+of+Australia%3A+Their+Terrain%2C+Environmental+Controls%2C+Distribution%2C+Limits%2C+and+Proper+Names&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-708-10741-6&rft.aulast=Tindale&rft.aufirst=Norman+Barnett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.samuseum.sa.gov.au%2Ftindaletribes%2Fkarawa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToohey2013" class="citation news cs1">Toohey, Paul (15 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.com.au/national/how-the-redbank-copper-mine-poisoned-hanrahans-creek/news-story/38e9f541ba0437beba5630ff5772df3a.htm">"How the Redbank copper mine poisoned Hanrahan's Creek"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory_News" title="Northern Territory News">Northern Territory News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northern+Territory+News&rft.atitle=How+the+Redbank+copper+mine+poisoned+Hanrahan%27s+Creek&rft.date=2013-03-15&rft.aulast=Toohey&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fnational%2Fhow-the-redbank-copper-mine-poisoned-hanrahans-creek%2Fnews-story%2F38e9f541ba0437beba5630ff5772df3a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrigger2015" class="citation book cs1">Trigger, David (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gc7YCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA55">"Change and Succession in Aboriginal Claims to Land"</a>. In Toner, P.G. (ed.). <i>Strings of Connectedness: Essays in honour of Ian Keen</i>. <a href="/wiki/ANU_Press" title="ANU Press">Australian National University Press</a>. pp. 53–73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-925-02263-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-925-02263-6"><bdi>978-1-925-02263-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Change+and+Succession+in+Aboriginal+Claims+to+Land&rft.btitle=Strings+of+Connectedness%3A+Essays+in+honour+of+Ian+Keen&rft.pages=53-73&rft.pub=Australian+National+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-925-02263-6&rft.aulast=Trigger&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgc7YCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYallop1969" class="citation journal cs1">Yallop, C. L. (1969). "The Aljawara and Their Territory". <i><a href="/wiki/Oceania_(journal)" title="Oceania (journal)">Oceania</a></i>. <b>39</b> (3): 187–197. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.1969.tb01005.x">10.1002/j.1834-4461.1969.tb01005.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40329775">40329775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceania&rft.atitle=The+Aljawara+and+Their+Territory&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=187-197&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.1969.tb01005.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40329775%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Yallop&rft.aufirst=C.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarrwa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aboriginal_peoples_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Template talk:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aboriginal_peoples_in_the_Northern_Territory" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal</a> peoples in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Airiman" title="Airiman">Airiman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alawa_people" title="Alawa people">Alawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alura_people" title="Alura people">Alura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alyawarre" title="Alyawarre">Alyawarre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarak">Amarak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmiyangal" title="Emmiyangal">Amijangal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andakerebina" title="Andakerebina">Andakerebina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anindilyakwa_people" title="Anindilyakwa people">Anindilyakwa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anmatyerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Anmatyerre">Anmatyerre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arrernte_people" title="Arrernte people">Arrernte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Awarai" title="Awarai">Awarai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Awinmul" title="Awinmul">Awinmul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beriguruk" title="Beriguruk">Beriguruk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bilinarra" title="Bilinarra">Bilingara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Binbinga" title="Binbinga">Binbinga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bingongina" title="Bingongina">Bingongina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bininj" title="Bininj">Bininj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burarra_people" title="Burarra people">Burarra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dagoman" title="Dagoman">Dagoman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daii_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Daii people">Daii</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dalabon_people" title="Dalabon people">Dalabon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dangu_people" title="Dangu people">Dangu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dhuwal" title="Dhuwal">Dhuwal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dhuwala" title="Dhuwala">Dhuwala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djalakuru" title="Djalakuru">Djalakuru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dja%C5%8Bu" title="Djaŋu">Djaŋu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djerait" title="Djerait">Djerait</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djerimanga" title="Djerimanga">Djerimanga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djinang_people" title="Djinang people">Djinang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djinba_people" title="Djinba people">Djinba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djowei" title="Djowei">Djowei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Duulngari" title="Duulngari">Doolboong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmiyangal" title="Emmiyangal">Emmiyangal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaagudju" title="Gaagudju">Gaagudju</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaari_people" title="Gaari people">Gaari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gadjerong" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadjerong">Gadjerong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gambalang" title="Gambalang">Gambalang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Garrwa/Karawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giimbiyu_people" title="Giimbiyu people">Giimbiyu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gudanji" title="Gudanji">Gudanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gungorogone" class="mw-redirect" title="Gungorogone">Gungorogone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gunindiri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunindiri people">Gunindiri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gurindji_people" title="Gurindji people">Gurindji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iwaidja_people" title="Iwaidja people">Iwaidja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yaako" title="Yaako">Jaako</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jamindjung" title="Jamindjung">Jamindjung</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jawoyn" title="Jawoyn">Jawoyn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jingili_people" title="Jingili people">Jingili</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karrangpurru" title="Karrangpurru">Karrangpurru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaytetye_people" title="Kaytetye people">Kaytetye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kukatja_(Northern_Territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kukatja (Northern Territory)">Kukatja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kunapa" title="Kunapa">Kunapa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kungarakan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kungarakan people">Kungarakan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kunibidji" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunibidji">Kunibidji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kunwinjku_people" title="Kunwinjku people">Kunwinjku</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kwarandji" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwarandji">Kwarandji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larrakia_people" title="Larrakia people">Larrakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madngella" class="mw-redirect" title="Madngella">Madngella</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Makarrwanhalmirr" title="Makarrwanhalmirr">Makarrwanhalmirr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mangarayi" title="Mangarayi">Mangarayi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mantjintjarra_Ngalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantjintjarra Ngalia">Mantjintjarra Ngalia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariamo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariamo">Mariamo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maridan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maridan">Maridan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maridjabin" class="mw-redirect" title="Maridjabin">Maridjabin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marimanindji" class="mw-redirect" title="Marimanindji">Marimanindji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marinunggo" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinunggo">Marinunggo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marijedi" title="Marijedi">Marijedi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariu_people" title="Mariu people">Mariu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marra_people" title="Marra people">Marra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marranunggu" title="Marranunggu">Marranunggu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marrithiyal_people" title="Marrithiyal people">Marrithiyal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mati_Ke" title="Mati Ke">Mati Ke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matuntara_people" title="Matuntara people">Matuntara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maung_people" title="Maung people">Maung</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Menhdheyangal" class="mw-redirect" title="Menhdheyangal">Menhdheyangal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mudburra" title="Mudburra">Mudburra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mulluk-Mulluk" title="Mulluk-Mulluk">Mulluk-Mulluk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muringura_people" title="Muringura people">Muringura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murngin_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Murngin people">Murngin=Yolgnu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murrinh-Patha" title="Murrinh-Patha">Murrinh-Patha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nagara_people" title="Nagara people">Nagara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nanggikorongo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanggikorongo">Nanggikorongo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nangiomeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nangiomeri">Nangiomeri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaanyatjarra" title="Ngaanyatjarra">Ngaanyatjarra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngalakgan" title="Ngalakgan">Ngalakgan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngalia_(Northern_Territory)" title="Ngalia (Northern Territory)">Ngalia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaliwurru_people" title="Ngaliwurru people">Ngaliwurru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngandi" title="Ngandi">Ngandi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngardok" title="Ngardok">Ngardok</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngarinman" title="Ngarinman">Ngarinman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngarnka" title="Ngarnka">Ngarnka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngarti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngarti">Ngarti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngolokwangga" title="Ngolokwangga">Ngolokwangga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngormbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngormbur">Ngormbur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norweilemil" title="Norweilemil">Norweilemil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nungali" title="Nungali">Nungali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nunggubuyu_people" title="Nunggubuyu people">Nunggubuyu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oitbi" title="Oitbi">Oitbi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perrakee" title="Perrakee">Perrakee</a>?</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pintupi" title="Pintupi">Pintupi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pitjantjatjara" title="Pitjantjatjara">Pitjantjatjara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pongaponga" title="Pongaponga">Pongaponga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puneitja" class="mw-redirect" title="Puneitja">Puneitja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rembarrnga" title="Rembarrnga">Rembarrnga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ritharrngu" title="Ritharrngu">Ritharngu/Diakui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tiwi_people" title="Tiwi people">Tiwi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tjial" title="Tjial">Tjial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waanyi" title="Waanyi">Waanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wadere" title="Wadere">Wadere</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wadjiginy" title="Wadjiginy">Wadjiginy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wagoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagoman">Wagoman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wakaya_people" title="Wakaya people">Wakaya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walu_people" title="Walu people">Walu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wambaya_people" title="Wambaya people">Wambaya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wanyjirra" title="Wanyjirra">Wandjira</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wardaman_people" title="Wardaman people">Wardaman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warlmanpa" title="Warlmanpa">Warlmanpa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warlpiri_people" title="Warlpiri people">Warlpiri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warndarrang" title="Warndarrang">Warndarang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warumungu" title="Warumungu">Warumungu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Watta_people" title="Watta people">Watta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilingura" title="Wilingura">Wilingura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wongkamala" class="mw-redirect" title="Wongkamala">Wongkamala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wulwulam" title="Wulwulam">Wulwulam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wurango" title="Wurango">Wurango</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yangman" title="Yangman">Yangman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yan-nha%C5%8Bu" title="Yan-nhaŋu">Yan-nhaŋu/Nango</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yanyuwa_people" title="Yanyuwa people">Yanyuwa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yaroinga" title="Yaroinga">Yaroinga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yindjilandji" title="Yindjilandji">Yindjilandji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yolngu" title="Yolngu">Yolngu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yukul_people" title="Yukul people">Yukul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yumu_people" title="Yumu people">Yumu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yunggor" title="Yunggor">Yunggor</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="font-weight: bold;"> <dl><dt><span class="nowrap">By state or territory</span></dt> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_New_South_Wales" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Queensland" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland">Queensland</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template:Aboriginal South Australians">South Australia</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Tasmania" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Western_Australia" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></span></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garrwa_people&oldid=1247466492">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garrwa_people&oldid=1247466492</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aboriginal_peoples_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Category:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory">Aboriginal peoples of the Northern 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