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Jindal Global University</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://jgu.academia.edu/Departments/Jindal_School_of_Art_and_Architecture/Documents">Jindal School of Art and Architecture</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://cssscal.academia.edu/">Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://cssscal.academia.edu/Departments/History_and_Cultural_Studies/Documents">History and Cultural Studies</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Graduate Student</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://zmo.academia.edu/">Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://zmo.academia.edu/Departments/ERC_Project_Timely_Histories/Documents">ERC Project - Timely Histories</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Post-Doc</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow 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data-section-name="Book-Reviews" data-toggle="tab" href="#bookreviews" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Book Reviews</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Presentations" id="Presentations"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Presentations by Ritam Sengupta</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32241980"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32241980/The_Making_and_Process_ing_of_Big_Data_in_the_case_of_a_discom_in_eastern_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Making and Process-ing of 'Big' Data in the case of a discom in eastern India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32241980/The_Making_and_Process_ing_of_Big_Data_in_the_case_of_a_discom_in_eastern_India">The Making and Process-ing of 'Big' Data in the case of a discom in eastern India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Presentation at the Symposium on Big Data and Human Development at the Oxford Internet Institute,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Presentation at the Symposium on Big Data and Human Development at the Oxford Internet Institute, in September, 2016 as part of a panel discussing ‘Digging into big data and development: Findings from three Indian cases’.<br />My section of presentation made virtually spoke of the use of 'Big' data in the case of regulating theft and improving network by n electricity distribution company east India</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32241980"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27426316/The_Laws_of_Electricity_and_the_Laws_of_Men_Governing_technology_and_commerce_in_the_early_phase_of_electrification_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Laws of Electricity and the Laws of Men: Governing technology and commerce in the early phase of electrification in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27426316/The_Laws_of_Electricity_and_the_Laws_of_Men_Governing_technology_and_commerce_in_the_early_phase_of_electrification_in_India">The Laws of Electricity and the Laws of Men: Governing technology and commerce in the early phase of electrification in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A historical study of the coming into being of electrical laws in India and its relationship to i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A historical study of the coming into being of electrical laws in India and its relationship to imperial capital. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27426250"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27426250/Understanding_Universal_Service_Obligation_in_India_Towards_a_Critical_Approach"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Understanding Universal Service Obligation in India: Towards a Critical Approach" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27426250/Understanding_Universal_Service_Obligation_in_India_Towards_a_Critical_Approach">Understanding Universal Service Obligation in India: Towards a Critical Approach</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A study of the history of India's Universal Service Obligation (in telecom) policy. Presented for...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A study of the history of India's Universal Service Obligation (in telecom) policy. Presented for the 'Lives of Information Workshop', February 2014, SARAI, CSDS New Delhi</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27426250"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27426250"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27426250; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27426250]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27426250]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27426250; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27426250']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27426250, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27426250]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27426250,"title":"Understanding Universal Service Obligation in India: Towards a Critical Approach","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A study of the history of India's Universal Service Obligation (in telecom) policy. 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Unpublished MA Dissertation in Anthropology, SOAS, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fd7293006f72f393a98dd2d38e1d833f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60254848,"asset_id":27426226,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60254848/download_file?st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27426226"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27426226"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27426226; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27426226]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27426226]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27426226; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27426226']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27426226, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fd7293006f72f393a98dd2d38e1d833f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27426226]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27426226,"title":"The Mundane Materiality of an Active Medium: An Ethnographic Study of Cell-Phone Use in Kolkata","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"An ethnographic study of low-income cell-phone use primarily among domestic aid workers in Calcutta. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Projects" id="Projects"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Projects by Ritam Sengupta</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27426433"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27426433/Big_Data_in_Electricity_Distribution_The_Case_of_the_WBSEDCL"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 'Big Data' in Electricity Distribution: The Case of the WBSEDCL" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27426433/Big_Data_in_Electricity_Distribution_The_Case_of_the_WBSEDCL">'Big Data' in Electricity Distribution: The Case of the WBSEDCL</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A study of recently introduced inititiaves of digitised production of electrical data in West Ben...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A study of recently introduced inititiaves of digitised production of electrical data in West Bengal as part of the 'Big Data for Development' research project of the Centre for Internet and Society, University of Manchester and the University of Sheffield</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27426433"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27426433"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27426433; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27426433]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27426433]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27426433; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27426433']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27426433, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Publications" id="Publications"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Publications by Ritam Sengupta</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31268528"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31268528/Exploring_big_data_for_development_an_electricity_sector_case_study_from_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Exploring big data for development: an electricity sector case study from India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52464485/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31268528/Exploring_big_data_for_development_an_electricity_sector_case_study_from_India">Exploring big data for development: an electricity sector case study from India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper presents exploratory research into data-intensive development that seeks to inductivel...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper presents exploratory research into data-intensive development that seeks to inductively identify issues and conceptual frameworks of relevance to big data in developing countries. It presents a case study of big data innovations in Stelcorp? a state electricity corporation in India. In an attempt to address losses in electricity distribution, Stelcorp has introduced new digital meters throughout the distribution network to capture big data, and organisation-wide information systems that store and process and disseminate big data. Emergent issues are identified across three domains: implementation, value and outcome. Implementation of big data has worked relatively well but technical and human challenges remain. The advent of big data has enabled some ?albeit constrained ?value addition in all areas of organisational operation: customer billing, fault and loss detection, performance measurement, and planning. Yet US$ tens of millions of investment in big data has brought no aggregate improvement in distribution losses or revenue collection. This can be explained by the wider outcome, with big data faltering in the face of external politics; in this case the electoral politics of electrification. Alongside this reproduction of power, the paper also reflects on the way in which big data has enabled shifts in the locus of power: from public to private sector; from labour to management; and from lower to higher levels of management. A number of conceptual frameworks emerge as having analytical power in studying big data and global development. The information value chain model helps track both implementation and value-creation of big data projects. The design-reality gap model can be used to analyse the nature and extent of barriers facing big data projects in developing countries. And models of power ?resource dependency, epistemic models, and wider frameworks ?are all shown as helping understand the politics of big data.<br /><br />A more detailed version of the paper also came out as a working paper in Development Informatics at the University of Manchester, a copy from which is uploaded here</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="421968ca71eb583c981719b37ac3bb45" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52464485,"asset_id":31268528,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52464485/download_file?st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31268528"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31268528"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31268528; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31268528]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31268528]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31268528; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31268528']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31268528, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "421968ca71eb583c981719b37ac3bb45" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31268528]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31268528,"title":"Exploring big data for development: an electricity sector case study from India","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper presents exploratory research into data-intensive development that seeks to inductively identify issues and conceptual frameworks of relevance to big data in developing countries. 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So far, the digital economy has been studied in terms of information technology labour, regimes of privacy or data protection, and the implications of living in an increasingly connected world. <br /> <br />Data Centres as Infrastructure goes beyond technical/business-oriented accounts of DCs and views them as both an object and a principle of governance in India, one of the world's most prominent rising markets for DCs. The authors understand DCs not just as technical infrastructure, but as political institutions that make and exercise new forms of power while negotiating state and capital in the postcolonial nation. <br /> <br />Taking a historical and sociological approach to DCs, this volume explores actual social contexts of policy-making and practice in relation to problems of digitalisation that inflect the way in which lives, commerce, and governance are shaped in India. Through case studies, the authors examine a ‘captive’ Data Centre deployed by the state-owned electricity discom— WBSEDCL, to highlight a specific techno-political issue—the theft of power and the ‘(un)management’ of its loss. The volume also examines the production of a new form of territoriality, economy, and polity in the Navi Mumbai area, known for being home to several large DCs. The Introduction highlights some of these concerns through a discussion of how the Indian state yields space to norms of corporatised governance while also enrolling  new kinds of data-fied subjects through the Aadhaar project, demonetisation, and ‘data localisation’. <br /> <br /><a href="https://orientblackswan.com/details?id=9789354422652" rel="nofollow">https://orientblackswan.com/details?id=9789354422652</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46b3d403770f13c08d20dc1cfd2373b4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89179027,"asset_id":84016238,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89179027/download_file?st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84016238"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84016238"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84016238; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84016238]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84016238]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84016238; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84016238']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84016238, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "46b3d403770f13c08d20dc1cfd2373b4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84016238]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84016238,"title":"Data Centres Cover Material","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Data Centres (DCs) have emerged as the key infrastructure for amassing and processing the lifeblood of the globalised digital economy—data. So far, the digital economy has been studied in terms of information technology labour, regimes of privacy or data protection, and the implications of living in an increasingly connected world.\r\n\r\nData Centres as Infrastructure goes beyond technical/business-oriented accounts of DCs and views them as both an object and a principle of governance in India, one of the world's most prominent rising markets for DCs. The authors understand DCs not just as technical infrastructure, but as political institutions that make and exercise new forms of power while negotiating state and capital in the postcolonial nation.\r\n\r\nTaking a historical and sociological approach to DCs, this volume explores actual social contexts of policy-making and practice in relation to problems of digitalisation that inflect the way in which lives, commerce, and governance are shaped in India. Through case studies, the authors examine a ‘captive’ Data Centre deployed by the state-owned electricity discom— WBSEDCL, to highlight a specific techno-political issue—the theft of power and the ‘(un)management’ of its loss. The volume also examines the production of a new form of territoriality, economy, and polity in the Navi Mumbai area, known for being home to several large DCs. The Introduction highlights some of these concerns through a discussion of how the Indian state yields space to norms of corporatised governance while also enrolling new kinds of data-fied subjects through the Aadhaar project, demonetisation, and ‘data localisation’.\r\n\r\nhttps://orientblackswan.com/details?id=9789354422652","more_info":"Please message if you want a copy of the 'Introduction'","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Data Centres as Infrastructure: Frontiers of Digital Governance in Contemporary India"},"translated_abstract":"Data Centres (DCs) have emerged as the key infrastructure for amassing and processing the lifeblood of the globalised digital economy—data. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Chapter in Edited Volume" id="Chapter in Edited Volume"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Chapter in Edited Volume by Ritam Sengupta</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84016397"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84016397/Intro_Data_Centres"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Intro Data Centres" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117055338/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84016397/Intro_Data_Centres">Intro Data Centres</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Introduction The State in/of Data Centres in India</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Intro: discusses state power in India as implicated in the peculiar control regimes characteristi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Intro: discusses state power in India as implicated in the peculiar control regimes characteristic of digital infrastructures of governance while also retaining conventional executive functions in enrolling Indian citizens within mandates of digital governance.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f96911f34db71d39a0f921bd02d13a73" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117055338,"asset_id":84016397,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117055338/download_file?st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84016397"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84016397"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84016397; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Journal Publications" id="Journal Publications"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Journal Publications by Ritam Sengupta</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79018001"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79018001/Datafication_Value_and_Power_in_Developing_Countries_Big_Data_in_Two_Indian_Public_Service_Organisations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Datafication, Value and Power in Developing Countries: Big Data in Two Indian Public Service Organisations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79018001/Datafication_Value_and_Power_in_Developing_Countries_Big_Data_in_Two_Indian_Public_Service_Organisations">Datafication, Value and Power in Developing Countries: Big Data in Two Indian Public Service Organisations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Development Policy Review</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79018001"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79018001"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79018001; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40054558"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40054558/The_Small_Town_in_India_Subaltern_Urbanisation_and_Beyond"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Small Town in India: 'Subaltern Urbanisation' and Beyond" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60254730/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40054558/The_Small_Town_in_India_Subaltern_Urbanisation_and_Beyond">The Small Town in India: 'Subaltern Urbanisation' and Beyond</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Refugee Watch: A South Asian Journal on Forced Migration; V50</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper takes note of the recent spurt in non-metropolitan urbanisation unearthed by the Censu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper takes note of the recent spurt in non-metropolitan urbanisation unearthed by the Census of 2011 in India to refocus attention on the ‘small town’ as an object of research. It takes stock of the research on urban formations in India to highlight how the category of the ‘small town’ has been the discursive casualty of the epic modern separations between the urban and the rural. Further, following recent trends of research, the paper tries to establish the ‘small town’ as a critical entry-point into the larger discipline of urban studies and not simply as an absence within its rubric. To this effect, it takes up the studies grouped under the ‘subaltern urbanisation’ thesis that has sought to reflect upon the rise on non-metropolitan urbanisation in India, to explore its problems and possibilities. The paper argues that a reincorporation of historically produced regional-spatial variability, an attention to human migration and a critical take on the criteria of built-up area with a designated population density as a measure of the urban, might allow a more nuanced posing of the concerned thesis. This posing, it is further argued, could help in two further ways to move away from a notion of the ‘small town’ simply as an unit of economic dynamism: to more directly incorporate the question of power/politics within an understanding of ‘small town’ formations, and to think of a trajectory of capital accumulation as a total process that does not necessarily support the continuance of an arena of ‘need-economy’ as presumably functioning in ‘small town’ economies and other urban margins.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5aa591531ffe4896309bccf71ca1507e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60254730,"asset_id":40054558,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60254730/download_file?st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40054558"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40054558"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40054558; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40054558]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40054558]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40054558; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40054558']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40054558, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5aa591531ffe4896309bccf71ca1507e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40054558]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40054558,"title":"The Small Town in India: 'Subaltern Urbanisation' and Beyond","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper takes note of the recent spurt in non-metropolitan urbanisation unearthed by the Census of 2011 in India to refocus attention on the ‘small town’ as an object of research. 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The laborious task of punkah-pulling in such establishments was often resisted by native servants on counts of caste, custom or simply exhaustion. In the context of such conflicts, this article tries to understand how the colonial state and its legal and regulatory functions mediated the contested terrain of domestic and service work over the nineteenth century. Over the latter half of this century, punkah-pulling became a separate occupation, even as this occupation slid down the hierarchy of service work and became a more pronounced target of recurring racial violence. Against this background, the article also tries to grapple with the material limits encountered by the regimes of work involved in the cheap, day-and-night conduct of punkah-pulling that eventually led up to the acceptance of mechanised alternatives.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="65210659"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65210659"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65210659; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65210659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65210659]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65210659; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='65210659']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65210659, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=65210659]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":65210659,"title":"Keeping the master cool, every day, all day: Punkah-pulling in colonial India","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/00194646211064592","issue":"1","volume":"59","abstract":"This article studies how the distribution of the work of punkah-pulling in European households and barracks of colonial India involved European masters making gradually multiplying claims on their servants’ labouring time and how these claims fared in practice. 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Engineering, Entrepreneurship and Electricity in Colonial Ben...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Book Review of 'Let there be light. Engineering, Entrepreneurship and Electricity in Colonial Bengal, 1880–1945' by Suvobrata Sarkar<br /><br /><a href="https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-96862" rel="nofollow">https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-96862</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8717a8288ee281c97fd8add43f42be7c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89260518,"asset_id":84132801,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89260518/download_file?st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84132801"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84132801"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84132801; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84132801]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84132801]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84132801; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84132801']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84132801, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8717a8288ee281c97fd8add43f42be7c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84132801]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84132801,"title":"Review of Sarkar Sengupta","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Book Review of 'Let there be light. 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Presented for...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A study of the history of India's Universal Service Obligation (in telecom) policy. Presented for the 'Lives of Information Workshop', February 2014, SARAI, CSDS New Delhi</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27426250"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27426250"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27426250; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27426250]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27426250]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27426250; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27426250']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27426250, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27426250]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27426250,"title":"Understanding Universal Service Obligation in India: Towards a Critical Approach","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A study of the history of India's Universal Service Obligation (in telecom) policy. 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Unpublished MA Dissertation in Anthropology, SOAS, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fd7293006f72f393a98dd2d38e1d833f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60254848,"asset_id":27426226,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60254848/download_file?st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27426226"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27426226"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27426226; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27426226]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27426226]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27426226; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27426226']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27426226, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fd7293006f72f393a98dd2d38e1d833f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27426226]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27426226,"title":"The Mundane Materiality of an Active Medium: An Ethnographic Study of Cell-Phone Use in Kolkata","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"An ethnographic study of low-income cell-phone use primarily among domestic aid workers in Calcutta. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5586406" id="projects"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27426433"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27426433/Big_Data_in_Electricity_Distribution_The_Case_of_the_WBSEDCL"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 'Big Data' in Electricity Distribution: The Case of the WBSEDCL" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27426433/Big_Data_in_Electricity_Distribution_The_Case_of_the_WBSEDCL">'Big Data' in Electricity Distribution: The Case of the WBSEDCL</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A study of recently introduced inititiaves of digitised production of electrical data in West Ben...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A study of recently introduced inititiaves of digitised production of electrical data in West Bengal as part of the 'Big Data for Development' research project of the Centre for Internet and Society, University of Manchester and the University of Sheffield</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27426433"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27426433"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27426433; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27426433]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27426433,"title":"'Big Data' in Electricity Distribution: The Case of the WBSEDCL","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A study of recently introduced inititiaves of digitised production of electrical data in West Bengal as part of the 'Big Data for Development' research project of the Centre for Internet and Society, University of Manchester and the University of Sheffield "},"translated_abstract":"A study of recently introduced inititiaves of digitised production of electrical data in West Bengal as part of the 'Big Data for Development' research project of the Centre for Internet and Society, University of Manchester and the University of Sheffield ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27426433/Big_Data_in_Electricity_Distribution_The_Case_of_the_WBSEDCL","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-07-31T21:58:24.373-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":481982,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Big_Data_in_Electricity_Distribution_The_Case_of_the_WBSEDCL","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"A study of recently introduced inititiaves of digitised production of electrical data in West Bengal as part of the 'Big Data for Development' research project of the Centre for Internet and Society, University of Manchester and the University of Sheffield ","owner":{"id":481982,"first_name":"Ritam","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Sengupta","page_name":"RitamSengupta","domain_name":"jgu","created_at":"2011-06-09T04:30:51.867-07:00","display_name":"Ritam Sengupta","url":"https://jgu.academia.edu/RitamSengupta"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":126300,"name":"Big Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Big_Data"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="6421407" id="publications"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31268528"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31268528/Exploring_big_data_for_development_an_electricity_sector_case_study_from_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Exploring big data for development: an electricity sector case study from India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52464485/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31268528/Exploring_big_data_for_development_an_electricity_sector_case_study_from_India">Exploring big data for development: an electricity sector case study from India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper presents exploratory research into data-intensive development that seeks to inductivel...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper presents exploratory research into data-intensive development that seeks to inductively identify issues and conceptual frameworks of relevance to big data in developing countries. It presents a case study of big data innovations in Stelcorp? a state electricity corporation in India. In an attempt to address losses in electricity distribution, Stelcorp has introduced new digital meters throughout the distribution network to capture big data, and organisation-wide information systems that store and process and disseminate big data. Emergent issues are identified across three domains: implementation, value and outcome. Implementation of big data has worked relatively well but technical and human challenges remain. The advent of big data has enabled some ?albeit constrained ?value addition in all areas of organisational operation: customer billing, fault and loss detection, performance measurement, and planning. Yet US$ tens of millions of investment in big data has brought no aggregate improvement in distribution losses or revenue collection. This can be explained by the wider outcome, with big data faltering in the face of external politics; in this case the electoral politics of electrification. Alongside this reproduction of power, the paper also reflects on the way in which big data has enabled shifts in the locus of power: from public to private sector; from labour to management; and from lower to higher levels of management. A number of conceptual frameworks emerge as having analytical power in studying big data and global development. The information value chain model helps track both implementation and value-creation of big data projects. The design-reality gap model can be used to analyse the nature and extent of barriers facing big data projects in developing countries. And models of power ?resource dependency, epistemic models, and wider frameworks ?are all shown as helping understand the politics of big data.<br /><br />A more detailed version of the paper also came out as a working paper in Development Informatics at the University of Manchester, a copy from which is uploaded here</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="421968ca71eb583c981719b37ac3bb45" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52464485,"asset_id":31268528,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52464485/download_file?st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31268528"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31268528"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31268528; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31268528]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31268528]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31268528; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31268528']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31268528, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "421968ca71eb583c981719b37ac3bb45" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31268528]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31268528,"title":"Exploring big data for development: an electricity sector case study from India","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper presents exploratory research into data-intensive development that seeks to inductively identify issues and conceptual frameworks of relevance to big data in developing countries. 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So far, the digital economy has been studied in terms of information technology labour, regimes of privacy or data protection, and the implications of living in an increasingly connected world. <br /> <br />Data Centres as Infrastructure goes beyond technical/business-oriented accounts of DCs and views them as both an object and a principle of governance in India, one of the world's most prominent rising markets for DCs. The authors understand DCs not just as technical infrastructure, but as political institutions that make and exercise new forms of power while negotiating state and capital in the postcolonial nation. <br /> <br />Taking a historical and sociological approach to DCs, this volume explores actual social contexts of policy-making and practice in relation to problems of digitalisation that inflect the way in which lives, commerce, and governance are shaped in India. Through case studies, the authors examine a ‘captive’ Data Centre deployed by the state-owned electricity discom— WBSEDCL, to highlight a specific techno-political issue—the theft of power and the ‘(un)management’ of its loss. The volume also examines the production of a new form of territoriality, economy, and polity in the Navi Mumbai area, known for being home to several large DCs. The Introduction highlights some of these concerns through a discussion of how the Indian state yields space to norms of corporatised governance while also enrolling  new kinds of data-fied subjects through the Aadhaar project, demonetisation, and ‘data localisation’. <br /> <br /><a href="https://orientblackswan.com/details?id=9789354422652" rel="nofollow">https://orientblackswan.com/details?id=9789354422652</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46b3d403770f13c08d20dc1cfd2373b4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89179027,"asset_id":84016238,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89179027/download_file?st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84016238"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84016238"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84016238; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84016238]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84016238]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84016238; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84016238']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84016238, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "46b3d403770f13c08d20dc1cfd2373b4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84016238]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84016238,"title":"Data Centres Cover Material","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Data Centres (DCs) have emerged as the key infrastructure for amassing and processing the lifeblood of the globalised digital economy—data. So far, the digital economy has been studied in terms of information technology labour, regimes of privacy or data protection, and the implications of living in an increasingly connected world.\r\n\r\nData Centres as Infrastructure goes beyond technical/business-oriented accounts of DCs and views them as both an object and a principle of governance in India, one of the world's most prominent rising markets for DCs. The authors understand DCs not just as technical infrastructure, but as political institutions that make and exercise new forms of power while negotiating state and capital in the postcolonial nation.\r\n\r\nTaking a historical and sociological approach to DCs, this volume explores actual social contexts of policy-making and practice in relation to problems of digitalisation that inflect the way in which lives, commerce, and governance are shaped in India. Through case studies, the authors examine a ‘captive’ Data Centre deployed by the state-owned electricity discom— WBSEDCL, to highlight a specific techno-political issue—the theft of power and the ‘(un)management’ of its loss. The volume also examines the production of a new form of territoriality, economy, and polity in the Navi Mumbai area, known for being home to several large DCs. 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40054558"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40054558/The_Small_Town_in_India_Subaltern_Urbanisation_and_Beyond"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Small Town in India: 'Subaltern Urbanisation' and Beyond" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60254730/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40054558/The_Small_Town_in_India_Subaltern_Urbanisation_and_Beyond">The Small Town in India: 'Subaltern Urbanisation' and Beyond</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Refugee Watch: A South Asian Journal on Forced Migration; V50</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper takes note of the recent spurt in non-metropolitan urbanisation unearthed by the Censu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper takes note of the recent spurt in non-metropolitan urbanisation unearthed by the Census of 2011 in India to refocus attention on the ‘small town’ as an object of research. It takes stock of the research on urban formations in India to highlight how the category of the ‘small town’ has been the discursive casualty of the epic modern separations between the urban and the rural. Further, following recent trends of research, the paper tries to establish the ‘small town’ as a critical entry-point into the larger discipline of urban studies and not simply as an absence within its rubric. To this effect, it takes up the studies grouped under the ‘subaltern urbanisation’ thesis that has sought to reflect upon the rise on non-metropolitan urbanisation in India, to explore its problems and possibilities. The paper argues that a reincorporation of historically produced regional-spatial variability, an attention to human migration and a critical take on the criteria of built-up area with a designated population density as a measure of the urban, might allow a more nuanced posing of the concerned thesis. This posing, it is further argued, could help in two further ways to move away from a notion of the ‘small town’ simply as an unit of economic dynamism: to more directly incorporate the question of power/politics within an understanding of ‘small town’ formations, and to think of a trajectory of capital accumulation as a total process that does not necessarily support the continuance of an arena of ‘need-economy’ as presumably functioning in ‘small town’ economies and other urban margins.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5aa591531ffe4896309bccf71ca1507e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60254730,"asset_id":40054558,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60254730/download_file?st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40054558"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40054558"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40054558; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40054558]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40054558]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40054558; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40054558']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40054558, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5aa591531ffe4896309bccf71ca1507e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40054558]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40054558,"title":"The Small Town in India: 'Subaltern Urbanisation' and Beyond","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper takes note of the recent spurt in non-metropolitan urbanisation unearthed by the Census of 2011 in India to refocus attention on the ‘small town’ as an object of research. 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The laborious task of punkah-pulling in such establishments was often resisted by native servants on counts of caste, custom or simply exhaustion. In the context of such conflicts, this article tries to understand how the colonial state and its legal and regulatory functions mediated the contested terrain of domestic and service work over the nineteenth century. Over the latter half of this century, punkah-pulling became a separate occupation, even as this occupation slid down the hierarchy of service work and became a more pronounced target of recurring racial violence. Against this background, the article also tries to grapple with the material limits encountered by the regimes of work involved in the cheap, day-and-night conduct of punkah-pulling that eventually led up to the acceptance of mechanised alternatives.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="65210659"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65210659"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65210659; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65210659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65210659]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65210659; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='65210659']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65210659, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=65210659]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":65210659,"title":"Keeping the master cool, every day, all day: Punkah-pulling in colonial India","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/00194646211064592","issue":"1","volume":"59","abstract":"This article studies how the distribution of the work of punkah-pulling in European households and barracks of colonial India involved European masters making gradually multiplying claims on their servants’ labouring time and how these claims fared in practice. 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Engineering, Entrepreneurship and Electricity in Colonial Ben...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Book Review of 'Let there be light. Engineering, Entrepreneurship and Electricity in Colonial Bengal, 1880–1945' by Suvobrata Sarkar<br /><br /><a href="https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-96862" rel="nofollow">https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-96862</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8717a8288ee281c97fd8add43f42be7c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89260518,"asset_id":84132801,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89260518/download_file?st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA1MTU2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84132801"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84132801"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84132801; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84132801]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84132801]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84132801; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84132801']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84132801, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8717a8288ee281c97fd8add43f42be7c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84132801]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84132801,"title":"Review of Sarkar Sengupta","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Book Review of 'Let there be light. 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