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fertility</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: soil fertility"> <meta name="keywords" content="soil fertility"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="soil fertility"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3232</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: soil fertility</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3232</span> Dynamics of Soil Fertility Management in India: An Empirical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Suresh%20Reddy">B. Suresh Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The over dependence on chemical fertilizers for nutrient management in crop production for the last few decades has led to several problems affecting soil health, environment and farmers themselves. Based on the field work done in 2012-13 with 1080 farmers of different size-classes in semi-arid regions of Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh states of India, this paper reveals that the farmers in semi-arid regions of India are actively managing soil fertility and other soil properties through a wide range of practices that are based on local resources and knowledge. It also highlights the socio-economic web woven around these soil fertility management practices. This study highlights the contribution of organic matter by traditional soil fertility management practices in maintaining the soil health. Livestock has profound influence on the soil fertility enhancement through supply of organic manure. Empirical data of this study has clearly revealed how farmers’ soil fertility management options are being undermined by government policies that give more priority to chemical fertiliser-based strategies. Based on the findings it is argued that there should be a 'level playing field' for both organic and inorganic soil fertility management methods by promoting and supporting farmers in using organic methods. There is a need to provide credit to farmers for adopting his choice of soil fertility management methods which suits his socio-economic conditions and that best suits the long term productivity of soils. The study suggests that the government policies related to soil fertility management must be enabling, creating the conditions for development based more on locally available resources and local skills and knowledge. This will not only keep Indian soils in healthy condition but also support the livelihoods of millions of people, especially the small and marginal farmers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock" title="livestock">livestock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20matter" title=" organic matter"> organic matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20farmers" title=" small farmers"> small farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility" title=" soil fertility"> soil fertility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85587/dynamics-of-soil-fertility-management-in-india-an-empirical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3231</span> Use of Geoinformatics and Mathematical Equations to Assess Erosion and Soil Fertility in Cassava Growing Areas in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasirin%20Srisomkiew">Sasirin Srisomkiew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sireewan%20Ratsadornasai"> Sireewan Ratsadornasai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanomkwan%20Tipvong"> Tanomkwan Tipvong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isariya%20Meesing"> Isariya Meesing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cassava is an important food source in the tropics and has recently gained attention as a potential source of biofuel that can replace limited fossil fuel sources. As a result, the demand for cassava production to support industries both within the country and abroad has increased. In Thailand, most farmers prefer to grow cassava in sandy and sandy loam areas where the soil has low natural fertility. Cassava is a tuber plant that has large roots to store food, resulting in the absorption of large amounts of nutrients from the soil, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Therefore, planting cassava in the same area for a long period causes soil erosion and decreases soil fertility. The loss of soil fertility affects the economy, society, and food and energy security of the country. Therefore, it is necessary to know the level of soil fertility and the amount of nutrients in the soil. To address this problem, this study applies geo-informatics technology and mathematical equations to assess erosion and soil fertility and to analyze factors affecting the amount of cassava production in Maha Sarakham Province. The results show that the area for cassava cultivation has increased in every district of Maha Sarakham Province between 2015-2022, with the total area increasing to 180,922 rai or 5.47% of the province’s total area during this period. Furthermore, it was found that it is possible to assess areas with soil erosion problems that had a moderate level of erosion in areas with high erosion rates ranging from 5-15 T/rai/year. Soil fertility assessment and information obtained from the soil nutrient map for 2015–2023 reveal that farmers in the area have improved the soil by adding chemical fertilizers along with organic fertilizers, such as manure and green manure, to increase the amount of nutrients in the soil. This is because the soil resources of Maha Sarakham Province mostly have relatively low agricultural potential due to the soil texture being sand and sandy loam. In this scenario, the ability to absorb nutrients is low, and the soil holds little water, so it is naturally low in fertility. Moreover, agricultural soil problems were found, including the presence of saline soil, sandy soil, and acidic soil, which is a serious restriction on land use because it affects the release of nutrients into the soil. The results of this study may be used as a guideline for managing soil resources and improving soil quality to prevent soil degradation problems that may occur in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassava" title="Cassava">Cassava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geoinformatics" title=" geoinformatics"> geoinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility" title=" soil fertility"> soil fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20change" title=" land use change"> land use change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181583/use-of-geoinformatics-and-mathematical-equations-to-assess-erosion-and-soil-fertility-in-cassava-growing-areas-in-maha-sarakham-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3230</span> Use of Locally Available Organic Resources for Soil Fertility Improvement on Farmers Yield in the Eastern and Greater Accra Regions of Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebenezer%20Amoquandoh">Ebenezer Amoquandoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Bruce%20Sarpong"> Daniel Bruce Sarpong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godfred%20K.%20Ofosu-Budu"> Godfred K. Ofosu-Budu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Fliessbach"> Andreas Fliessbach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil quality is at stake globally, but under tropical conditions, the loss of soil fertility may be existential. The current rates of soil nutrient depletion, erosion and environmental degradation in most of Africa’s farmland urgently require methods for soil fertility restoration through affordable agricultural management techniques. The study assessed the effects of locally available organic resources to improve soil fertility, crop yield and profitability compared to business as usual on farms in the Eastern and Greater Accra regions of Ghana. Apart from this, we analyzed the change of farmers’ perceptions and knowledge upon the experience with the new techniques; the effect of using locally available organic resource on farmers’ yield and determined the factors influencing the profitability of farming. Using the Difference in Mean Score and Proportion to estimate the extent to which farmers’ perceptions, knowledge and practices have changed, the study showed that farmers’ perception, knowledge and practice on the use of locally available organic resources have changed significantly. This paves way for the sustainable use of locally available organic resource for soil fertility improvement. The Propensity Score Matching technique and Endogenous Switching Regression model used showed that using locally available organic resources have the potential to increase crop yield. It was also observed that using the Profit Margin, Net Farm Income and Return on Investment analysis, it is more profitable to use locally available organic resources than other soil fertility amendments techniques studied. The results further showed that socioeconomic, farm characteristics and institutional factors are significant in influencing farmers’ decision to use locally available organic resources and profitability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility" title="soil fertility">soil fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locally%20available%20organic%20resources" title=" locally available organic resources"> locally available organic resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profitability" title=" profitability"> profitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability "> sustainability </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119335/use-of-locally-available-organic-resources-for-soil-fertility-improvement-on-farmers-yield-in-the-eastern-and-greater-accra-regions-of-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3229</span> Characterization, Classification and Fertility Capability Classification of Three Rice Zones of Ebonyi State, Southeastern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunday%20Nathaniel%20Obasi">Sunday Nathaniel Obasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiamak%20Chinasa%20Obasi"> Chiamak Chinasa Obasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil characterization and classification provide the basic information necessary to create a functional evaluation and soil classification schemes. Fertility capability classification (FCC) on the other hand is a technical system that groups the soils according to kinds of problems they present for management of soil physical and chemical properties. This research was carried out in Ebonyi state, southeastern Nigeria, which is an agrarian state and a leading rice producing part of southeastern Nigeria. In order to maximize the soil and enhance the productivity of rice in Ebonyi soils, soil classification, and fertility classification information need to be supplied. The state was grouped into three locations according to their agricultural zones namely; Ebonyi north, Ebonyi central and Ebonyi south representing Abakaliki, Ikwo and Ivo locations respectively. Major rice growing areas of the soils were located and two profile pits were sunk in each of the studied zones from which soils were characterized, classified and fertility capability classification (FCC) developed. Soil classification was done using United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Taxonomy and correlated with World Reference Base for soil resources. Results obtained classified Abakaliki 1 and Abakaliki 2 as Typic Fluvaquents (Ochric Fluvisols). Ikwo 1 was classified as Vertic Eutrudepts (Eutric Vertisols) while Ikwo 2 was classified as Typic Eutrudepts (Eutric Cambisols). Ivo 1 and Ivo 2 were both classified as Aquic Eutrudepts (Gleyic Leptosols). Fertility capability classification (FCC) revealed that all studied soils had mostly loamy topsoils and subsoils except Ikwo 1 with clayey topsoil. Limitations encountered in the studied soils include; dryness (d), low ECEC (e), low nutrient capital reserve (k) and water logging/ anaerobic condition (gley). Thus, FCC classifications were Ldek for Abakaliki 1 and 2, Ckv for Ikwo 1, LCk for Ikwo 2 while Ivo 1 and 2 were Legk and Lgk respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20classification" title="soil classification">soil classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility" title=" soil fertility"> soil fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limitations" title=" limitations"> limitations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modifiers" title=" modifiers"> modifiers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southeastern%20Nigeria" title=" Southeastern Nigeria"> Southeastern Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111829/characterization-classification-and-fertility-capability-classification-of-three-rice-zones-of-ebonyi-state-southeastern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3228</span> Landcover Mapping Using Lidar Data and Aerial Image and Soil Fertility Degradation Assessment for Rice Production Area in Quezon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eliza.%20E.%20Camaso">Eliza. E. Camaso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guiller.%20B.%20Damian"> Guiller. B. Damian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguelito.%20F.%20Isip"> Miguelito. F. Isip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronaldo%20T.%20Alberto"> Ronaldo T. Alberto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Land-cover maps were important for many scientific, ecological and land management purposes and during the last decades, rapid decrease of soil fertility was observed to be due to land use practices such as rice cultivation. High-precision land-cover maps are not yet available in the area which is important in an economy management. To assure   accurate mapping of land cover to provide information, remote sensing is a very suitable tool to carry out this task and automatic land use and cover detection. The study did not only provide high precision land cover maps but it also provides estimates of rice production area that had undergone chemical degradation due to fertility decline. Land-cover were delineated and classified into pre-defined classes to achieve proper detection features. After generation of Land-cover map, of high intensity of rice cultivation, soil fertility degradation assessment in rice production area due to fertility decline was created to assess the impact of soils used in agricultural production. Using Simple spatial analysis functions and ArcGIS, the Land-cover map of Municipality of Quezon in Nueva Ecija, Philippines was overlaid to the fertility decline maps from Land Degradation Assessment Philippines- Bureau of Soils and Water Management (LADA-Philippines-BSWM) to determine the area of rice crops that were most likely where nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and sulfur deficiencies were induced by high dosage of urea and imbalance N:P fertilization. The result found out that 80.00 % of fallow and 99.81% of rice production area has high soil fertility decline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerial%20image" title="aerial image">aerial image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landcover" title=" landcover"> landcover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LiDAR" title=" LiDAR"> LiDAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility%20degradation" title=" soil fertility degradation"> soil fertility degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71996/landcover-mapping-using-lidar-data-and-aerial-image-and-soil-fertility-degradation-assessment-for-rice-production-area-in-quezon-nueva-ecija-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3227</span> Impact of Organic Farming on Soil Fertility and Microbial Activity </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Menuka%20Maharjan">Menuka Maharjan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the name of food security, agriculture intensification through conventional farming is being implemented in Nepal. Government focus on increasing agriculture production completely ignores soil as well human health. This leads to create serious soil degradation, i.e., reduction of soil fertility and microbial activity and health hazard in the country. On this note, organic farming is sustainable agriculture approach which can address challenge of sustaining food security while protecting the environment. This creates a win-win situation both for people and the environment. However, people have limited knowledge on significance of organic farming for environment conservation and food security especially developing countries like Nepal. Thus, the objective of the study was to assess the impacts of organic farming on soil fertility and microbial activity compared to conventional farming and forest in Chitwan, Nepal. Total soil organic carbon (C) was highest in organic farming (24 mg C g⁻¹ soil) followed by conventional farming (15 mg C g⁻¹ soil) and forest (9 mg C g⁻¹ soil) in the topsoil layer (0-10 cm depth). A similar trend was found for total nitrogen (N) content in all three land uses with organic farming soil possessing the highest total N content in both 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth. Microbial biomass C and N were also highest under organic farming, especially in the topsoil layer (350 and 46 mg g⁻¹ soil, respectively). Similarly, microbial biomass phosphorus (P) was higher (3.6 and 1.0 mg P kg⁻¹ at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth, respectively) in organic farming compared to conventional farming and forest at both depths. However, conventional farming and forest soils had similar microbial biomass (C, N, and P) content. After conversion of forest, the P stock significantly increased by 373% and 170% in soil under organic farming at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth, respectively. In conventional farming, the P stock increased by 64% and 36% at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth, respectively, compared to forest. Overall, organic farming practices, i.e., crop rotation, residue input and farmyard manure application, significantly alters soil fertility and microbial activity. Organic farming system is emerging as a sustainable land use system which can address the issues of food security and environment conservation by increasing sustainable agriculture production and carbon sequestration, respectively, supporting to achieve goals of sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20farming" title="organic farming">organic farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility" title=" soil fertility"> soil fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micobial%20biomas" title=" micobial biomas"> micobial biomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124928/impact-of-organic-farming-on-soil-fertility-and-microbial-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3226</span> Study on the Enhancement of Soil Fertility and Tomato Quality by Applying Concentrated Biogas Slurry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Bo%20Yu">Fang Bo Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Bo%20Guan"> Li Bo Guan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biogas slurry is a low-cost source of crop nutrients and can offer extra benefits to soil fertility and fruit quality. However, its current utilization mode and low content of active ingredients limit its application scale. In this report, one growing season field research was conducted to assess the effects of concentrated biogas slurry on soil property, tomato fruit quality, and composition of the microflora in both non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere soils. The results showed that application of concentrated slurry could cause significant changes to tomato cultivation, including increases in organic matter, available N, P, and K, total N, and P, electrical conductivity, and fruit contents of amino acids, protein, soluble sugar, β-carotene, tannins, and vitamin C, together with the R/S ratios and the culturable counts of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in soils. It could be concluded as the application is a practicable means in tomato production and might better service the sustainable agriculture in the near future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentrated%20slurry" title="concentrated slurry">concentrated slurry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20quality" title=" fruit quality"> fruit quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility" title=" soil fertility"> soil fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20agriculture" title=" sustainable agriculture"> sustainable agriculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28581/study-on-the-enhancement-of-soil-fertility-and-tomato-quality-by-applying-concentrated-biogas-slurry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3225</span> Effect of Slag Application to Soil Chemical Properties and Rice Yield on Acid Sulphate Soils with Different Pyrite Depth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richardo%20Y.%20E.%20Sihotang">Richardo Y. E. Sihotang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atang%20Sutandi"> Atang Sutandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Ginting"> Joshua Ginting</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The expansion of marginal soil such as acid sulphate soils for the development of staple crops, including rice was unavoidable. However, acid sulphate soils were less suitable for rice field due to the low fertility and the threats of pyrite oxidation. An experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design was designed to investigate the effect of slag in stabilizing soil reaction (pH), improving soil fertility and rice yield. Experiments were conducted in two locations with different pyrite depth. The results showed that slag application was able to decrease the exchangeable Al and available iron (Fe) as well as increase the soil pH, available-P, soil exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+. Furthermore, the slag application increased the plant nutrient uptakes, particularly N, P, K, followed by the increasing of rice yield significantly. Nutrients availability, nutrient uptake, and rice yield were higher in the shallow pyrite soil instead of the deep pyrite soil. In addition, slag application was economically feasible due to the ability to reduce standard fertilizer requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20sulphate%20soils" title="acid sulphate soils">acid sulphate soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=available%20nutrients" title=" available nutrients"> available nutrients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrite" title=" pyrite"> pyrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slag" title=" slag"> slag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78540/effect-of-slag-application-to-soil-chemical-properties-and-rice-yield-on-acid-sulphate-soils-with-different-pyrite-depth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3224</span> An Improved Visible Range Absorption Spectroscopy on Soil Macronutrient </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhaila%20Isaak">Suhaila Isaak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusmeeraz%20Yusof"> Yusmeeraz Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairunnisa%20Mohd%20Yusof"> Khairunnisa Mohd Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Safuan%20Abdul%20Rashid"> Ahmad Safuan Abdul Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil fertility is commonly evaluated by soil macronutrients such as nitrate, potassium, and phosphorus contents. Optical spectroscopy is an emerging technology which is rapid and simple has been widely used in agriculture to measure soil fertility. For visible and near infrared absorption spectroscopy, the absorbed light level in is useful for soil macro-nutrient measurement. This is because the absorption of light in a soil sample influences sensitivity of the measurement. This paper reports the performance of visible and near infrared absorption spectroscopy in the 400–1400 nm wavelength range using light-emitting diode as the excitation light source to predict the soil macronutrient content of nitrate, potassium, and phosphorus. The experimental results show an improved linear regression analysis of various soil specimens based on the Beer–Lambert law to determine sensitivity of soil spectroscopy by evaluating the absorption of characteristic peaks emitted from a light-emitting diode and detected by high sensitivity optical spectrometer. This would denote in developing a simple and low-cost soil spectroscopy with light-emitting diode for future implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macronutrients%20absorption" title="macronutrients absorption">macronutrients absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20spectroscopy" title=" optical spectroscopy"> optical spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title=" absorption"> absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78092/an-improved-visible-range-absorption-spectroscopy-on-soil-macronutrient" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3223</span> Reviving Arid Lands: The Transformative Potential of Biochar in Arab Countries' Agriculture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Azizeldein%20Abubaker%20Abdelhafez">Ahmed Azizeldein Abubaker Abdelhafez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This review explores the application of biochar as a strategy for enhancing soil fertility in arid regions, with a focus on Arab countries. Biochar, derived from the carbonization of biomass under low-oxygen conditions, has shown promise in improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, such as increasing water retention and nutrient availability. Despite the challenging conditions of arid and semi-arid regions, characterized by poor soil fertility and severe land degradation, biochar application has emerged as a viable method to enhance agricultural productivity and mitigate environmental issues. This paper examines various aspects of biochar, including production methods, such as pyrolysis and gasification, and the effects of biochar on soil fertility. It discusses different application techniques and presents case studies from Arab countries like Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, and Kuwait, highlighting the successes and challenges faced in implementing biochar technology. The review also addresses the limitations of biochar use in arid regions and suggests future research directions to optimize its effectiveness. Overall, this study underscores the potential of biochar to contribute significantly to sustainable agriculture and ecological restoration in arid environments, advocating for integrated strategies that combine biochar application with other innovative agricultural practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title="biochar">biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility" title=" soil fertility"> soil fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arid%20region" title=" arid region"> arid region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20countries" title=" Arab countries"> Arab countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges%20and%20limitations" title=" challenges and limitations"> challenges and limitations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185926/reviving-arid-lands-the-transformative-potential-of-biochar-in-arab-countries-agriculture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3222</span> Restoration of Steppes in Algeria: Case of the Stipa tenacissima L. Steppe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kadi-Hanifi">H. Kadi-Hanifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Amghar"> F. Amghar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steppes of arid Mediterranean zones are deeply threatened by desertification. To stop or alleviate ecological and economic problems associated with this desertification, management actions have been implemented since the last three decades. The struggle against desertification has become a national priority in many countries. In Algeria, several management techniques have been used to cope with desertification. This study aims at investigating the effect of exclosure on floristic diversity and chemical soil proprieties after four years of implementation. 167 phyto-ecological samples have been studied, 122 inside the exclosure and 45 outside. Results showed that plant diversity, composition, vegetation cover, pastoral value and soil fertility were significantly higher in protected areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arid" title=" arid"> arid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desertification" title=" desertification"> desertification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pastoral%20management" title=" pastoral management"> pastoral management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility" title=" soil fertility"> soil fertility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77056/restoration-of-steppes-in-algeria-case-of-the-stipa-tenacissima-l-steppe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3221</span> Fertility Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role Family Planning Programs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Otieno">Vincent Otieno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfred%20Agwanda"> Alfred Agwanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Khasakhala"> Anne Khasakhala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the neo-Malthusian adherents, it is believed that rapid population growth strain countries’ capacity and performance. Fertility have however decelerated in most of the countries in the recent past. Scholars have concentrated on wide range of factors associated with fertility majorly at the national scale with some opining that analysis of trends and differentials in the various fertility parameters have been discussed extensively. However, others believe that considerably less attention has been paid to the fertility preference- a pathway through which various variables act on fertility. The Sub-Saharan African countries’ disparities amid almost similarities in policies is a cause of concern to demographers. One would point at the meager synergies that have been focused on the fertility preference as well, especially at the macro scale. Using Bongaarts reformulation of Easterlin and Crimmins (1985) conceptual scheme, the understanding of the current transition based on the fertility preference in general would help to provide explanations to the observed latest dynamics. This study therefore is an attempt to explain the current fertility transition through women’s fertility preference. Results reveal that indeed fertility transition is on course in most of the sub-Saharan countries with huge disparities in fertility preferences and its implementation indices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility%20preference" title="fertility preference">fertility preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20degree%20of%20implementation%20index" title=" the degree of implementation index"> the degree of implementation index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-Saharan%20Africa" title=" sub-Saharan Africa"> sub-Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition" title=" transition"> transition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95632/fertility-transition-in-sub-saharan-africa-the-role-family-planning-programs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3220</span> Elasticity of Soil Fertility Indicators and pH in Termite Infested Cassava Field as Influenced by Tillage and Organic Manure Sources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20O.%20Ogbedeh">K. O. Ogbedeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20T.%20Epidi"> T. T. Epidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20U.%20Onweremadu"> E. U. Onweremadu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20E.%20Ihem"> E. E. Ihem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Apart from the devastating nature of termites as pest of cassava, nearly all termite species have been implicated in soil fertility modifications. Elasticity of soil fertility indicators and pH in termite infested cassava field as influenced by tillage and organic manure sources in Owerri, Southeast, Nigeria was investigated in this study. Three years of of field trials were conducted in 2007, 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons respectively at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri. The experiments were laid out in a 3x6 split-plot factorial arrangement fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The TMS 4 (2)1425 was the cassava cultivar used. Treatments consists three tillage methods (zero, flat and mound), two rates of municipal waste (1.5 and 3.0tonnes/ha), two rates of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves (20 and 30tonnes/ha), control (0.0 tonnes/ha) and a unit dose of carbofuran (chemical check). Data were collected on pre-planting soil physical and chemical properties, post-harvest soil pH (both in water and KCl) and residual total exchangeable bases (Ca, K, Mg and Na). These were analyzed using a Mixed-model procedure of Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD.) at 5% level of probability. Result shows that the native soil fertility status of the experimental site was poor. However soil pH increased substantially in plots where mounds, A.indica leaves at 30t/ha and municipal waste (1.5 and 3.0t/ha) were treated especially in 2008 and 2009. In 2007 trial, highest soil pH was maintained with flat (5.41 in water and 4.97 in KCl). Control on the other hand, recorded least soil pH especially in 2009 with values of 5.18 and 4.63 in water and KCl respectively. Equally, mound, A. indica leaves at 30t/ha and municipal waste at 3.0t/ha consistently increased organic matter content of the soil than other treatments. Finally, mound and A. indica leaves at 30t/ha linearly and consistently increased residual total exchangeable bases of the soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasticity" title="elasticity">elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title=" fertility"> fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicators" title=" indicators"> indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=termites" title=" termites"> termites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tillage" title=" tillage"> tillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cassava%20and%20manure%20sources" title=" cassava and manure sources"> cassava and manure sources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15752/elasticity-of-soil-fertility-indicators-and-ph-in-termite-infested-cassava-field-as-influenced-by-tillage-and-organic-manure-sources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3219</span> The Potential Effect of Biochar Application on Microbial Activities and Availability of Mineral Nitrogen in Arable Soil Stressed by Drought</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1">Helena Dvořáčková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakub%20Elbl"> Jakub Elbl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Mikajlo"> Irina Mikajlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%C3%ADn%20Kintl"> Antonín Kintl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Hyn%C5%A1t"> Jaroslav Hynšt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Urb%C3%A1nkov%C3%A1"> Olga Urbánková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Z%C3%A1hora"> Jaroslav Záhora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Application of biochar to arable soils represents a new approach to restore soil health and quality. Many studies reported the positive effect of biochar application on soil fertility and development of soil microbial community. Moreover biochar may affect the soil water retention, but this effect has not been sufficiently described yet. Therefore this study deals with the influence of biochar application on: microbial activities in soil, availability of mineral nitrogen in soil for microorganisms, mineral nitrogen retention and plant production. To demonstrate the effect of biochar addition on the above parameters, the pot experiment was realized. As a model crop, Lactuca sativa L. was used and cultivated from December 10th 2014 till March 22th 2015 in climate chamber in thoroughly homogenized arable soil with and without addition of biochar. Five variants of experiment (V1–V5) with different regime of irrigation were prepared. Variants V1–V2 were fertilized by mineral nitrogen, V3–V4 by biochar and V5 was a control. The significant differences were found only in plant production and mineral nitrogen retention. The highest content of mineral nitrogen in soil was detected in V1 and V2, about 250 % in comparison with the other variants. The positive effect of biochar application on soil fertility, mineral nitrogen availability was not found. On the other hand results of plant production indicate the possible positive effect of biochar application on soil water retention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arable%20soil" title="arable soil">arable soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title=" biochar"> biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought"> drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20nitrogen" title=" mineral nitrogen"> mineral nitrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33497/the-potential-effect-of-biochar-application-on-microbial-activities-and-availability-of-mineral-nitrogen-in-arable-soil-stressed-by-drought" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3218</span> Farmers' Perspective on Soil Health in the Indian Punjab: A Quantitative Analysis of Major Soil Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhwinder%20Singh">Sukhwinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julian%20Park"> Julian Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Kumar%20Benbi"> Dinesh Kumar Benbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although soil health, which is recognized as one of the key determinants of sustainable agricultural development, can be measured by a range of physical, chemical and biological parameters, the widely used parameters include pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), plant available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Soil health is largely affected by the occurrence of natural events or human activities and can be improved by various land management practices. A database of 120 soil samples collected from farmers’ fields spread across three major agro-climatic zones of Punjab suggested that the average pH, EC, OC, P and K was 8.2 (SD = 0.75, Min = 5.5, Max = 9.1), 0.27 dS/m (SD = 0.17, Min = 0.072 dS/m, Max = 1.22 dS/m), 0.49% (SD = 0.20, Min = 0.06%, Max = 1.2%), 19 mg/kg soil (SD = 22.07, Min = 3 mg/kg soil, Max = 207 mg/kg soil) and 171 mg/kg soil (SD = 47.57, Min = 54 mg/kg soil, Max = 288 mg/kg soil), respectively. Region-wise, pH, EC and K were the highest in south-western district of Ferozpur whereas farmers in north-eastern district of Gurdaspur had the best soils in terms of OC and P. The soils in the central district of Barnala had lower OC, P and K than the respective overall averages while its soils were normal but skewed towards alkalinity. Besides agro-climatic conditions, the size of landholding and farmer education showed a significant association with Soil Fertility Index (SFI), a composite index calculated using the aforementioned parameters’ normalized weightage. All the four stakeholder groups cited the current cropping patterns, burning of rice crop residue, and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers for change in soil health. However, the current state of soil health in Punjab is unclear, which needs further investigation based on temporal data collected from the same field to see the short and long-term impacts of various crop combinations and varied cropping intensity levels on soil health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20health" title="soil health">soil health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punjab%20agriculture" title=" punjab agriculture"> punjab agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility%20index" title=" soil fertility index"> soil fertility index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29934/farmers-perspective-on-soil-health-in-the-indian-punjab-a-quantitative-analysis-of-major-soil-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3217</span> Performance of Exclosure in Restoring Arid Degraded Steppes of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadi-Hanifi%20Halima">Kadi-Hanifi Halima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amghar%20Fateh"> Amghar Fateh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steppes of arid Mediterranean zones are deeply threatened by desertification. To stop or alleviate ecological and economic problems associated with this desertification, management actions have been implemented since the last three decades. The struggle against desertification has become a national priority in many countries. In Algeria, several management techniques have been used to cope with desertification. This study aims at investigating the effect of exclosure on floristic diversity and chemical soil properties after four years of implementation. 167 phyto-ecological samples have been studied, 122 inside the exclosure and 45 outside. Results showed that plant diversity, composition, vegetation cover, pastoral value and soil fertility were significantly higher in protected areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desertification" title="desertification">desertification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arid" title=" arid"> arid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pastoral%20management" title=" pastoral management"> pastoral management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20community%20soil%20fertility" title=" plant community soil fertility"> plant community soil fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gestation%20of%20environment" title=" gestation of environment"> gestation of environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10498/performance-of-exclosure-in-restoring-arid-degraded-steppes-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3216</span> Lessons from Farmers Performing Agroforestry for Reclamation of Gold Mine Spoils in Colombia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibiana%20Betancur-Corredor">Bibiana Betancur-Corredor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Carlos%20Loaiza"> Juan Carlos Loaiza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manfred%20Denich"> Manfred Denich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Borgemeister"> Christian Borgemeister</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alluvial gold mining generates a vast amount of deposits that cover the natural soil and negatively impacts riverbeds and valleys, causing loss of livelihood opportunities for farmers of these regions. In Colombia, more than 79,000 ha are affected by alluvial gold mining, therefore developing strategies to return this land to productivity is of crucial importance for the country. A novel restoration strategy has been created by a mining company, where the land is restored through the establishment of agroforestry systems, in which agricultural crops and livestock are combined to complement reforestation in the area. The purpose of this study is to capture the knowledge of farmers who perform agroforestry in areas with deposits created by alluvial gold mining activities. Semi structured interviews were conducted with farmers with regard to the following: indicators of soil fertility, management practices, soil heterogeneity, pest outbreaks and weeds. In order to compare the perceptions of soil fertility of farmers with physicochemical properties of soils, the farmers were asked to identify spots within their farms that have exhibited good and poor yields. Soil samples were collected in order to correlate farmer’s perceptions with soil physicochemical properties. The findings suggest that the main challenge that farmers face is the identification of fertile soil for crop establishment. They identify the fertile soil through visually analyzing soil color and compaction as well as the use of spontaneous growth of specific plants as indicator of soil fertility. For less fertile areas, nitrogen fixing plants are used as green manure to restore soil fertility for crop establishment. The findings of this study imply that if gold mining is followed by reclamation practices that involve the successful establishment of productive farmlands, agricultural productivity of these lands might improve, increasing food security of the affected communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agroforestry" title="agroforestry">agroforestry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining"> mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restoration" title=" restoration"> restoration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73594/lessons-from-farmers-performing-agroforestry-for-reclamation-of-gold-mine-spoils-in-colombia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3215</span> The Effect of Region of Residence on Fertility in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motlatso%20Rampedi">Motlatso Rampedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nigeria has the fifth highest Total Fertility Rate in Sub-Saharan Africa at 5.5 children born to a woman. Some demographic research has found that there is an association between region of residence and fertility in Nigeria, with the Northern regions pertaining to high fertility and the Southern regions pertaining to low fertility levels. Even so, little attention has been given to understanding the effect of region of residence on fertility. Instead, a significant amount of research has been conducted on exploring the proximate determinants of fertility in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to test whether there is an association between region of residence and fertility in Nigeria. Using a sample size of 38 948 women aged 15-49 derived from the 2013 NDHS and the Poisson regression model for analysis, the study has found that region of residence has a significant effect on fertility. Moreover, the ANOVA test has shown that there is a socioeconomic disparity by region of residence in Nigeria. The Northern regions of Nigeria have shown to have higher levels of fertility as compared to the Southern regions. Therefore, while proximate determinants of fertility and socio-demographic characteristics of women are important, region of residence remains one of the fundamental determinants of fertility. Given these findings, it is recommended that government should not exhaust its resources or focus its fertility reduction policies and programmes at entire populations but target specific regions where fertility is most prevalent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20fertility" title="high fertility">high fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=region" title=" region"> region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic%20disparity" title=" socioeconomic disparity"> socioeconomic disparity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-demographic%20characteristics" title=" socio-demographic characteristics"> socio-demographic characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47800/the-effect-of-region-of-residence-on-fertility-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3214</span> Monitoring Soil Organic Amendments Under Arid Climate: Evolution of Soil Quality and of Two Consecutive Barley Crops</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houda%20Oueriemmi">Houda Oueriemmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petra%20Susan%20Kidd"> Petra Susan Kidd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmen%20Trasar-Cepeda"> Carmen Trasar-Cepeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beatriz%20Rodr%C3%ADguez-Garrido"> Beatriz Rodríguez-Garrido</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Moussa"> Mohamed Moussa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81ngeles%20Prieto-Fern%C3%A1ndez"> Ángeles Prieto-Fernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ouessar"> Mohamed Ouessar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic amendments are generally used for improving the fertility of arid and semi-arid soils. However, the price of farmyard manure, the organic amendment typically applied to many arid and semi-arid soils has highly increased in the last years. To investigate at field scale whether cheap, highly available organic amendments, such as sewage sludge compost and municipal solid waste compost, may be acceptable as substitutes for farmyard manure is therefore of great interest. A field plots experiment was carried out to assess the effects of a single application of three organic amendments on soil fertility, distribution of trace elements and on barley yield. Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC), farmyard manure (FYM) and sewage sludge compost (SSC) were applied at rates of 0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha⁻¹, and barley was cultivated in two consecutive years. Plant samples and soils were collected for laboratory analyses after two consecutive harvests. Compared with unamended soil, the application of the three organic residues improved the fertility of the topsoil, showing a significant dose-dependent increase of TOC, N, P contents up to the highest dose of 60 t ha⁻¹ (0.74%, 0.06% and 40 mg kg⁻¹, respectively). The enhancement of soil nutrient status impacted positively on grain yield (up to 51%). The distribution of trace elements in the soil, analysed by a sequential extraction procedure, revealed that the MSWC increased the acid-extractable Co and Cu and reducible Ni, while SSC increased reducible Co and Ni and oxidisable Cu, relative to the control soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste%20compost" title="municipal solid waste compost">municipal solid waste compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewage%20sludge%20compost" title=" sewage sludge compost"> sewage sludge compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title=" fertility"> fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20metals" title=" trace metals"> trace metals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159940/monitoring-soil-organic-amendments-under-arid-climate-evolution-of-soil-quality-and-of-two-consecutive-barley-crops" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3213</span> Exploring Fertility Dynamics in the MENA Region: Distribution, Determinants, and Temporal Trends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dena%20Alhaloul">Dena Alhaloul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is characterized by diverse cultures, economies, and social structures. Fertility rates in MENA have seen significant changes over time, with variations among countries and subregions. Understanding fertility patterns in this region is essential due to its impact on demographic dynamics, healthcare, labor markets, and social policies. Rising or declining fertility rates have far-reaching consequences for the region's socioeconomic development. The main thrust of this study is to comprehensively examine fertility rates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It aims to understand the distribution, determinants, and temporal trends of fertility rates in MENA countries. The study seeks to provide insights into the factors influencing fertility decisions, assess how fertility rates have evolved over time, and potentially develop statistical models to characterize these trends. As for the methodology of the study, the study uses descriptive statistics to summarize and visualize fertility rate data. It also uses regression analyses to identify determinants of fertility rates as well as statistical modeling to characterize temporal trends in fertility rates. The conclusion of this study The research will contribute to a deeper understanding of fertility dynamics in the MENA region, shedding light on the distribution of fertility rates, their determinants, and historical trends. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title="fertility">fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title=" distribution"> distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173905/exploring-fertility-dynamics-in-the-mena-region-distribution-determinants-and-temporal-trends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3212</span> Microbiological Analysis of Soil from Onu-Ebonyi Contaminated with Inorganic Fertilizer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Alo">M. N. Alo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20C.%20C.%20Egbule"> U. C. C. Egbule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20O.%20Orji"> J. O. Orji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20J.%20Aneke"> C. J. Aneke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbiological analysis of soil from Onu-Ebonyi Izzi local government area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria contaminated with inorganic fertilizer was carried out with a view to determine the effect of the fertilizer on the microbial flora of the soil. soil samples were analyzed for microbial burden. the result showed that the following organisms were isolated with their frequency of their occurrence as follows:pseudomonas species (33.3%) and aspergillus species (54.4%) had the highest frequncy of occurence in the whole sample of batches, while streptococcus species had 6.0% and Geotrichum species (5.3%) had the least and other predominant microorganism isolated: bacillus species,staphylococcus species and vibrio species, Escherichia species, rhzizopus species, mucor species and fusaruim species. From the result, it could be concluded that the soil was contaminated and this could affect adversely the fertility of the soil . <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title="soil">soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20fertilizer" title=" inorganic fertilizer"> inorganic fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onu-%20Ebonyi" title=" Onu- Ebonyi "> Onu- Ebonyi </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15269/microbiological-analysis-of-soil-from-onu-ebonyi-contaminated-with-inorganic-fertilizer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3211</span> Impact of Tillage and Crop Establishment on Fertility and Sustainability of the Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Inceptisols of Varanasi, Up, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pramod%20Kumar%20Sharma">Pramod Kumar Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratibha%20Kumari"> Pratibha Kumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Udai%20Pratap%20Singh"> Udai Pratap Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sustainability"> Sustainability</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South-East Asia, the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is dominant with conventional tillage (CT) without residue management, which shows depletion of soil fertility and non-sustainable crop productivity. Hence, this investigation was planned to identify suitable natural resource management practices involving different tillage and crop establishment (TCE) methods along with crop residue and their effects, on the sustainability of dominant cropping systems through enhancing soil fertility and productivity. This study was conducted for two consecutive years 2018-19 and 2019-20 on a long-term field experiment that was started in the year 2015-16 taking six different combinations of TCE methods viz. CT, partial conservation agriculture (PCA) i.e. anchored residue of rice and full conservation agriculture (FCA)] i.e. anchored residue of rice and wheat under RWCS in terms of crop productivity, sustainability of soil health, and crop nutrition by the crops. Results showed that zero tillage direct-seeded rice (ZTDSR) - zero tillage wheat (ZTW) [FCA + green gram residue retention (RR)] recorded the highest yield attributes and yield during both the crops. Compared to conventional tillage rice (CTR)-conventional tillage wheat (CTW) [residue removal (R 0 )], the soil quality parameters were improved significantly with ZTDSR-ZTW (FCA+RR). Overall, ZTDSR-ZTW (FCA+RR) had higher nutrient uptake by the crops than CT-based treatment CTR-CTW (R 0 ) and CTR-CTW (RI).These results showed that there is significant profitability of yield and resource utilization by the adoption of FCA it may be a better alternative to the dominant tillage system i.e. CT in RWSC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tillage%20and%20crop%20establishment" title="tillage and crop establishment">tillage and crop establishment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility" title=" soil fertility"> soil fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice-wheat%20cropping%20system" title=" rice-wheat cropping system"> rice-wheat cropping system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155340/impact-of-tillage-and-crop-establishment-on-fertility-and-sustainability-of-the-rice-wheat-cropping-system-in-inceptisols-of-varanasi-up-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3210</span> An Investigation of Current Potato Nitrogen Fertility Programs' Contribution to Ground Water Contamination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20H.%20Marsh">Brian H. Marsh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nitrogen fertility is an important component for optimum potato yield and quality. Best management practices are necessary in regards to N applications to achieve these goals without applying excess N with may contribute to ground water contamination. Eight potato fields in the Southern San Joaquin Valley were sampled for nitrogen inputs and uptake, tuber and vine dry matter and residual soil nitrate-N. The fields had substantial soil nitrate-N prior to the potato crop. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied prior to planting and in irrigation water as needed based on in-season petiole sampling in accordance with published recommendations. Average total nitrogen uptake was 237 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> on 63.5 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> tuber yield and nitrogen use efficiency was very good at 81 percent. Sixty-nine percent of the plant nitrogen was removed in tubers. Soil nitrate-N increased 14 percent from pre-plant to post-harvest averaged across all fields and was generally situated in the upper soil profile. Irrigation timing and amount applied did not move water into the lower profile except for a single location where nitrate also moved into the lower soil profile. Pre-plant soil analysis is important information to be used. Rotation crops having deeper rooting growth would be able to utilize nitrogen that remained in the soil profile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato" title="potato">potato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fertilization" title=" nitrogen fertilization"> nitrogen fertilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation%20management" title=" irrigation management"> irrigation management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching%20potential" title=" leaching potential"> leaching potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33159/an-investigation-of-current-potato-nitrogen-fertility-programs-contribution-to-ground-water-contamination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3209</span> Calibration and Validation of the Aquacrop Model for Simulating Growth and Yield of Rain-fed Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Under Different Soil Fertility Levels in the Semi-arid Areas of Tigray</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abadi%20Berhane">Abadi Berhane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walelign%20Worku"> Walelign Worku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berhanu%20Abrha"> Berhanu Abrha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebre%20Hadgu"> Gebre Hadgu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tigray"> Tigray</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sesame is an important oilseed crop in Ethiopia; which is the second most exported agricultural commodity next to coffee. However, there is poor soil fertility management and a research-led farming system for the crop. The AquaCrop model was applied as a decision-support tool; which performs a semi-quantitative approach to simulate the yield of crops under different soil fertility levels. The objective of this experiment was to calibrate and validated the AquaCrop model for simulating the growth and yield of sesame under different nitrogen fertilizer levels and to test the performance of the model as a decision-support tool for improved sesame cultivation in the study area. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement in the 2016, 2017, and 2018 main cropping seasons. In this experiment, four nitrogen fertilizer rates; 0, 23, 46, and 69 Kg/ha nitrogen, and three improved varieties (Setit-1, Setit-2, and Humera-1). In the meantime, growth, yield, and yield components of sesame were collected from each treatment. Coefficient of determination (R2), Root mean square error (RMSE), Normalized root mean square error (N-RMSE), Model efficiency (E), and Degree of agreement (D) were used to test the performance of the model. The results indicated that the AquaCrop model successfully simulated soil water content with R2 varying from 0.92 to 0.98, RMSE 6.5 to 13.9 mm, E 0.78 to 0.94, and D 0.95 to 0.99; and the corresponding values for AB also varied from 0.92 to 0.98, 0.33 to 0.54 tons/ha, 0.74 to 0.93, and 0.9 to 0.98, respectively. The results on the canopy cover of sesame also showed that the model acceptably simulated canopy cover with R2 varying from 0.95 to 0.99, and a RMSE of 5.3 to 8.6%. The AquaCrop model was appropriately calibrated to simulate soil water content, canopy cover, aboveground biomass, and sesame yield; the results indicated that the model adequately simulated the growth and yield of sesame under the different nitrogen fertilizer levels. The AquaCrop model might be an important tool for improved soil fertility management and yield enhancement strategies of sesame. Hence, the model might be applied as a decision-support tool in soil fertility management in sesame production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquacrop%20model" title="aquacrop model">aquacrop model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sesame" title=" sesame"> sesame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalized%20water%20productivity" title=" normalized water productivity"> normalized water productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fertilizer" title=" nitrogen fertilizer"> nitrogen fertilizer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170301/calibration-and-validation-of-the-aquacrop-model-for-simulating-growth-and-yield-of-rain-fed-sesame-sesamum-indicum-l-under-different-soil-fertility-levels-in-the-semi-arid-areas-of-tigray" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3208</span> Calibration and Validation of the Aquacrop Model for Simulating Growth and Yield of Rain-Fed Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Under Different Soil Fertility Levels in the Semi-arid Areas of Tigray, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abadi%20Berhane">Abadi Berhane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walelign%20Worku"> Walelign Worku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berhanu%20Abrha"> Berhanu Abrha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebre%20Hadgu"> Gebre Hadgu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sesame is an important oilseed crop in Ethiopia, which is the second most exported agricultural commodity next to coffee. However, there is poor soil fertility management and a research-led farming system for the crop. The AquaCrop model was applied as a decision-support tool, which performs a semi-quantitative approach to simulate the yield of crops under different soil fertility levels. The objective of this experiment was to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model for simulating the growth and yield of sesame under different nitrogen fertilizer levels and to test the performance of the model as a decision-support tool for improved sesame cultivation in the study area. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement in the 2016, 2017, and 2018 main cropping seasons. In this experiment, four nitrogen fertilizer rates, 0, 23, 46, and 69 Kg/ha nitrogen, and three improved varieties (Setit-1, Setit-2, and Humera-1). In the meantime, growth, yield, and yield components of sesame were collected from each treatment. Coefficient of determination (R2), Root mean square error (RMSE), Normalized root mean square error (N-RMSE), Model efficiency (E), and Degree of agreement (D) were used to test the performance of the model. The results indicated that the AquaCrop model successfully simulated soil water content with R2 varying from 0.92 to 0.98, RMSE 6.5 to 13.9 mm, E 0.78 to 0.94, and D 0.95 to 0.99, and the corresponding values for AB also varied from 0.92 to 0.98, 0.33 to 0.54 tons/ha, 0.74 to 0.93, and 0.9 to 0.98, respectively. The results on the canopy cover of sesame also showed that the model acceptably simulated canopy cover with R2 varying from 0.95 to 0.99 and a RMSE of 5.3 to 8.6%. The AquaCrop model was appropriately calibrated to simulate soil water content, canopy cover, aboveground biomass, and sesame yield; the results indicated that the model adequately simulated the growth and yield of sesame under the different nitrogen fertilizer levels. The AquaCrop model might be an important tool for improved soil fertility management and yield enhancement strategies of sesame. Hence, the model might be applied as a decision-support tool in soil fertility management in sesame production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquacrop%20model" title="aquacrop model">aquacrop model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalized%20water%20productivity" title=" normalized water productivity"> normalized water productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fertilizer" title=" nitrogen fertilizer"> nitrogen fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canopy%20cover" title=" canopy cover"> canopy cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sesame" title=" sesame"> sesame</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170361/calibration-and-validation-of-the-aquacrop-model-for-simulating-growth-and-yield-of-rain-fed-sesame-sesamum-indicum-l-under-different-soil-fertility-levels-in-the-semi-arid-areas-of-tigray-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3207</span> Development of Soil Test Kits to Determine Organic Matter Available Phosphorus and Exchangeable Potassium in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charirat%20Kusonwiriyawong">Charirat Kusonwiriyawong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supha%20Photichan"> Supha Photichan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wannarut%20Chutibutr"> Wannarut Chutibutr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil test kits for rapid analysis of the organic matter, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were developed to drive a low-cost field testing kit to farmers. The objective was to provide a decision tool for improving soil fertility. One aspect of soil test kit development was ease of use which is a time requirement for completing organic matter, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium test in one soil sample. This testing kit required only two extractions and utilized no filtration consuming approximately 15 minutes per sample. Organic matter was principally created by oxidizing carbon KMnO₄ using the standard color chart. In addition, modified single extractant (Mehlich I) was applied to extract available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. Molybdenum blue method and turbidimetric method using standard color chart were adapted to analyze available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, respectively. Modified single extractant using in soil test kits were highly significant matching with analytical laboratory results (r=0.959** and 0.945** for available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, respectively). Linear regressions were statistically calculated between modified single extractant and standard laboratory analysis (y=0.9581x-12.973 for available phosphorus and y=0.5372x+15.283 for exchangeable potassium, respectively). These equations were calibrated to formulate a fertilizer rate recommendation for specific corps. To validate quality, soil test kits were distributed to farmers and extension workers. We found that the accuracy of soil test kits were 71.0%, 63.9% and 65.5% for organic matter, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium, respectively. The quantitative survey was also conducted in order to assess their satisfaction with soil test kits. The survey showed that more than 85% of respondents said these testing kits were more convenient, economical and reliable than the other commercial soil test kits. Based upon the finding of this study, soil test kits can be another alternative for providing soil analysis and fertility recommendations when a soil testing laboratory is not available. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=available%20phosphorus" title="available phosphorus">available phosphorus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchangeable%20potassium" title=" exchangeable potassium"> exchangeable potassium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20single%20extractant" title=" modified single extractant"> modified single extractant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20matter" title=" organic matter"> organic matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20test%20kits" title=" soil test kits"> soil test kits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98706/development-of-soil-test-kits-to-determine-organic-matter-available-phosphorus-and-exchangeable-potassium-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3206</span> Mite Soil as Biological Indicators the Quality of the Soil in the Forested Area of the Coast of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumeya%20Fekkoun">Soumeya Fekkoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djelloul%20%20Ghezali"> Djelloul Ghezali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doumandji%20Salaheddine"> Doumandji Salaheddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The majority of the mite soil contributes to decompose the organic matter in the soil, the richness or poverty is a way of knowing the quality of the soil, in this regard we studied the ecological side of the soil mite in a forest park «coast of Algeria». 6 by taking soil samples every month for the year 2010/2011 .The samples are collected and extracted using the technique of Berlese Tullgren. It was obtained 604 individuals. These riches can indicate the fertility of soil and knead the high proportion of organic material in it. The largest number observed in the spring, followed by the separation of the 252 individuals fall 222 individuals and then the summer with 106 individuals and winter 80 individuals. Among the 18 families obtained. Scheloribatidae is the most dominant with 30.6% followed by Ceratozetidae with 16%, then Euphthiracaridae 14%. The families remain involved with low percentages. the diversity index Schanonweaver varied between 2.3 bits in the summer and 3.83 bits in the spring. As the results of the analysis statistic confirm the existence of a clear difference between the four seasons and the richness of soil mite and diversity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20mite" title="soil mite">soil mite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title=" forest"> forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coast%20of%20Algeria" title=" coast of Algeria"> coast of Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23947/mite-soil-as-biological-indicators-the-quality-of-the-soil-in-the-forested-area-of-the-coast-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3205</span> The Labor Participation–Fertility Trade-off: The Case of the Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daphne%20Ashley%20Sze">Daphne Ashley Sze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenneth%20Santos"> Kenneth Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariane%20Gabrielle%20Lim"> Ariane Gabrielle Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As women are now given more freedom and choice to pursue employment, the world’s over-all fertility has been decreasing mainly due to the shift in time allocation between working and child rearing. As such, we study the case of the Philippines, where there exists a decreasing fertility rate and increasing openness for women labor participation. We focused on the distinction between fertility and fecundity, the former being the manifestation of the latter and aim to trace and compare the effects of both fecundity and fertility to women’s employment status through the estimation of the reproduction function and multinomial logistic function. Findings suggest that the perception of women regarding employment opportunities in the Philippines links the negative relationship observed between fertility, fecundity and women’s employment status. Today, there has been a convergence in the traditional family roles of men and women, as both genders now have identical employment opportunities that continue to shape their preferences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinomial%20logistic%20function" title="multinomial logistic function">multinomial logistic function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tobit" title=" tobit"> tobit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title=" fertility"> fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20employment%20status" title=" women employment status"> women employment status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecundity" title=" fecundity"> fecundity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20416/the-labor-participation-fertility-trade-off-the-case-of-the-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3204</span> The Labor Participation-Fertility Trade-Off: Exploring Fecundity and Its Consequences to Women's Employment in the Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariane%20C.%20Lim">Ariane C. Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daphne%20Ashley%20L.%20Sze"> Daphne Ashley L. Sze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenneth%20S.%20Santos"> Kenneth S. Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As women are now given more freedom and choice to pursue employment, the world’s over-all fertility has been decreasing mainly due to the shift in time allocation between working and child-rearing. As such, we study the case of the Philippines, where there exists a decreasing fertility rate and increasing openness for women labor participation. We focused on the distinction between fertility and fecundity, the former being the manifestation of the latter and aim to trace and compare the effects of both fecundity and fertility to women’s employment status through the estimation of the reproduction function and multinomial logistic function. Findings suggest that the perception of women regarding employment opportunities in the Philippines links the negative relationship observed between fertility, fecundity and women’s employment status. Today, there has been a convergence in the traditional family roles of men and women, as both genders now have identical employment opportunities that continue to shape their preferences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinomial%20logistic%20function" title="multinomial logistic function">multinomial logistic function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tobit" title=" tobit"> tobit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title=" fertility"> fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20employment%20status" title=" women employment status"> women employment status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecundity" title=" fecundity "> fecundity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21518/the-labor-participation-fertility-trade-off-exploring-fecundity-and-its-consequences-to-womens-employment-in-the-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">629</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3203</span> Socioeconomic Values of Fertility in Islam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hamed%20Mohamed%20Ahmed%20Alameer">Mohamed Hamed Mohamed Ahmed Alameer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Population studies, essentially deals with the size, growth, and distribution of the population in a given area. Size, growth, and distribution are determined by three major factors, which are fertility mortality, and migration. Of these factors, fertility- as a number of live births a woman has actually had- is a potent socio-demographic force in vital process of population growth. So, fertility is a major component of population growth. It is one of the main determinants of population growth and has crucial role in population dynamic, because it measures the rate at which a population increased. In fact the levels of fertility are vary widely among nations, countries, geographic regions, ethnic, socio- economic groups, and religious groups. Fertility differential by religion have been empirically documented in a large numbers of countries. For instance, many researchers in developing and developed countries investigated the differential of fertility among Muslims and Non- Muslims. Most of them have found that fertility of Muslims is higher than fertility of non Muslims. And Muslims have a tendency for large families comparing to non- Muslims population. On the basis of this; Islam by it itself could play an important role in shaping attitudes and values of fertility, such as: sustainability of human kind, developmental reasons, religious Motivations, socioeconomic Motivations, and Psychological Motivation. Therefore, this paper investigates socio-economic values of fertility in Islam and compare it to Malthusian and neo Malthusian functionalists and conflict perspectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islam" title="islam">islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title=" fertility"> fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic%20values" title=" socioeconomic values"> socioeconomic values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sciences" title=" social sciences"> social sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21537/socioeconomic-values-of-fertility-in-islam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right 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