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class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Poloniera" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Poloniera" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Poloniera" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Poloniera" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Estatus_ofiziala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estatus_ofiziala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Estatus ofiziala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estatus_ofiziala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egoera_soziolinguistikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egoera_soziolinguistikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Egoera soziolinguistikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egoera_soziolinguistikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alfabetoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabetoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alfabetoa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alfabetoa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Alfabetoa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alfabetoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bokalak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bokalak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bokalak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bokalak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontsonanteak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontsonanteak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kontsonanteak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontsonanteak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Morfologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morfologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Morfologia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morfologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dialektologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialektologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Dialektologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialektologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gramatika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gramatika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Gramatika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gramatika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maileguak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maileguak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Maileguak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maileguak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poloniera_atzerrian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poloniera_atzerrian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Poloniera atzerrian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poloniera_atzerrian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiztegi_laburra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiztegi_laburra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hiztegi laburra</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hiztegi_laburra-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Hiztegi laburra azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hiztegi_laburra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Izenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Izenak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zenbakiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zenbakiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Zenbakiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zenbakiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pertsona-izenordainak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pertsona-izenordainak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Pertsona-izenordainak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pertsona-izenordainak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asteko_egunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asteko_egunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Asteko egunak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asteko_egunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Poloniera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 197 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-197" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">197 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аполиак бызшәа – abkhaziera" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аполиак бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools" title="Pools – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pools" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polnische_Sprache" title="Polnische Sprache – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Polnische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%9B" title="ፖልኛ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፖልኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_polaco" title="Idioma polaco – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma polaco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Polisc sprǣc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Polisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة البولندية – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة البولندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܘܠܢܕܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܘܠܢܕܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لپولونية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لپولونية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="لغه بولاندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه بولاندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_polacu" title="Idioma polacu – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma polacu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Пол мацӀ – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Пол мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polskava" title="Polskava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Polskava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyak_dili" title="Polyak dili – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polyak dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لهیستان دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لهیستان دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Поляк теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Polandia" title="Basa Polandia – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Polandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poinische_Sproch" title="Poinische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Poinische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%97nku_kalba" title="Lėnku kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lėnku kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Польская мова – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Польская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Польская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Польская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полски език – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="পোলীয় ভাষা – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পোলীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕོ་ལན་སྐད། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕོ་ལན་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloneg" title="Poloneg – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Poloneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljski_jezik" title="Poljski jezik – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Poljski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Польшо хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Польшо хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%A8s" title="Polonès – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Polonès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8F%CC%A4-l%C3%A0ng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Pŏ̤-làng-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pŏ̤-làng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Полякийн мотт – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Полякийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Polako" title="Pinulongang Polako – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Polako" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="زمانی پۆڵەندی – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی پۆڵەندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pulacca" title="Lingua pulacca – korsikera" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua pulacca" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leh_tili" title="Leh tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Leh tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%A1tina" title="Polština – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2lsczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Pòlsczi jãzëk – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pòlsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%84%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Пол҄ьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – elizako eslaviera" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Пол҄ьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="elizako eslaviera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Поляк чĕлхи – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Поляк чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwyleg" title="Pwyleg – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pwyleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsk_(sprog)" title="Polsk (sprog) – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polnische_Sprache" title="Polnische Sprache – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polnische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonki" title="Polonki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Polonki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3l%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Pólšćina – behe-sorabiera" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pólšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="behe-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A9" title="ލަހިސްތާނީ – dhivehia" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލަހިސްތާނީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dhivehia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94lisigbe" title="Pɔlisigbe – eweera" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Pɔlisigbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eweera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Πολωνική γλώσσα – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολωνική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul%C3%A0c" title="Pulàc – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pulàc" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polish language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pola_lingvo" title="Pola lingvo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pola lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_polaco" title="Idioma polaco – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma polaco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola_keel" title="Poola keel – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poola keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان لهستانی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان لهستانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolan_kieli" title="Puolan kieli – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puolan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola_kiil" title="Poola kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Poola kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Pólskt mál – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pólskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonais" title="Polonais – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polonais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%A8s" title="Polonès – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Polonès" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolsk_spriak" title="Poolsk spriak – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Poolsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poalsk" title="Poalsk – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Poalsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Pholainnis" title="An Pholainnis – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Pholainnis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2lais" title="Pòlais – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pòlais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_polaca" title="Lingua polaca – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua polaca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo%C3%B1a%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Poloñañe'ẽ – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Poloñañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynnish" title="Polynnish – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Polynnish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4-l%C3%A0n-ng%C3%AE" title="Pô-làn-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pô-làn-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פולנית – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פולנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_bhasa" title="Polish bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Polish bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljski_jezik" title="Poljski jezik – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poljski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3l%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Pólšćina – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pólšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengyel_nyelv" title="Lengyel nyelv – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lengyel nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B0%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Լեհերեն – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեհերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_polonese" title="Lingua polonese – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua polonese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Poland" title="Jaku Poland – ibanera" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Poland" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Polandia" title="Bahasa Polandia – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Polandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Polako" title="Pagsasao a Polako – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Polako" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polona_linguo" title="Polona linguo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Polona linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lska" title="Pólska – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pólska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_polacca" title="Lingua polacca – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua polacca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E8%AA%9E" title="ポーランド語 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランド語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolish" title="Puolish – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Puolish" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Polen" title="Basa Polen – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Polen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="პოლონური ენა – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლონური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyak_tili" title="Polyak tili – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Polyak tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapulunit" title="Tapulunit – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tapulunit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C9%9B%C9%9B_k%CA%8Bn%CA%8B%C5%8B" title="Polonɛɛ kʋnʋŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Polonɛɛ kʋnʋŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Polandia" title="Bahasa Polandia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Polandia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Поляк тілі – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Поляк тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%89" title="ភាសាប៉ូឡូញ – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាប៉ូឡូញ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C%EC%96%B4" title="폴란드어 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Поляк тил – karachayera-balkarera" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Поляк тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachayera-balkarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B4_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پولیٖش زبان – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پولیٖش زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_polon%C3%AE" title="Zimanê polonî – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê polonî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Поляк кыв – komiera" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Поляк кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonek" title="Polonek – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Polonek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Поляк тили – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Поляк тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Polonica" title="Lingua Polonica – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Polonica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_polaka" title="Lingua polaka – ladinoa" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua polaka" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polnesch" title="Polnesch – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Polnesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Поляк чӀал – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Поляк чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsce_(lingua)" title="Polsce (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Polsce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools" title="Pools – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pools" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_polacca" title="Lengua polacca – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua polacca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_polach" title="Lingaz polach – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz polach" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_polacca" title="Lengua polacca – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua polacca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenk%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lenkų kalba – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lenkų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Poļu valoda – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Poļu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – maithilia" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Поляконь кяль – mokxera" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Поляконь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_p%C3%B4l%C3%B4ney" title="Fiteny pôlôney – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny pôlôney" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Поляк йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Поляк йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_P%C5%8Drana" title="Reo Pōrana – maoriera" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Pōrana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полски јазик – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="പോളിഷ് ഭാഷ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പോളിഷ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Польш хэл – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Польш хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipurera" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Poland" title="Bahasa Poland – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Poland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Pollakka" title="Lingwa Pollakka – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Pollakka" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Поляконь кель – erziera" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Поляконь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لهستانی – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لهستانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_pulacca" title="Lengua pulacca – napoliera" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua pulacca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolsche_Spraak" title="Poolsche Spraak – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Poolsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools" title="Pools – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pools" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोलिश भाषा – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पोलिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools" title="Pools – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pools" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsk" title="Polsk – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Polsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsk" title="Polsk – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%A9s" title="Polonés – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Polonés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%E2%80%99%C5%A1an_kieli" title="Pol’šan kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pol’šan kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%C3%A6%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Польшæйаг æвзаг – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Польшæйаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੋਲਿਸ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਲਿਸ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaco" title="Polaco – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Polaco" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%A8" title="Polonè – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Polonè" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poelish" title="Poelish – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Poelish" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_polski" title="Język polski – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język polski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_polon%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga polonèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga polonèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="پولينډي ژبه – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پولينډي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_polaca" title="Língua polaca – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua polaca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulaku_simi" title="Pulaku simi – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pulaku simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_polonez%C4%83" title="Limba poloneză – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba poloneză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Польский язык – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Польский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Польскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Польскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Поляк тыла – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Поляк тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_polonesa" title="Limba polonesa – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba polonesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pulacca" title="Lingua pulacca – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua pulacca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pols_leid" title="Pols leid – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pols leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polskkagiella" title="Polskkagiella – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Polskkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%ABe" title="Polonëe – sangoa" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Polonëe" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sangoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljski_jezik" title="Poljski jezik – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poljski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polish language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%BE%C5%A1tina" title="Poľština – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Poľština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polj%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Poljščina – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poljščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Polani" title="Faʻa Polani – samoera" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Polani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_polake" title="Gjuha polake – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha polake" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Пољски језик – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пољски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolsk" title="Poolsk – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Poolsk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Polandia" title="Basa Polandia – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Polandia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska" title="Polska – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipoland" title="Kipoland – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kipoland" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsko_godka" title="Polsko godka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Polsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="போலிய மொழி – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போலிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-polaku" title="Lia-polaku – tetuma" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-polaku" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetuma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони лаҳистонӣ – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони лаҳистонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาโปแลนด์ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาโปแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8A%E1%88%BD" title="ፖሊሽ – tigrinyera" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፖሊሽ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinyera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Polako" title="Wikang Polako – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Polako" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljaki_zyvon" title="Poljaki zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Poljaki zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Polan" title="Tok Polan – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Polan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leh%C3%A7e" title="Lehçe – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lehçe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Поляк теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Поляк дыл – tuvera" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Поляк дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Поляк кыл – udmurtera" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Поляк кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%95%D9%83_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="پولەك تىلى – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پولەك تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Польська мова – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Польська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B4_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پولش زبان – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پولش زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyak_tili" title="Polyak tili – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Polyak tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_po%C5%82aca" title="Łéngua połaca – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua połaca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%27%C5%A1an_kel%27" title="Pol'šan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pol'šan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ba_Lan" title="Tiếng Ba Lan – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Ba Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools" title="Pools – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Pools" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Polänapük – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Polänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Polonès (lingaedje) – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Polonès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinolako" title="Pinolako – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinolako" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波兰语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="პოლონური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პოლონური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9" title="פויליש – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פויליש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_P%C3%B3l%C3%A1nd%C3%AC" title="Èdè Pólándì – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Pólándì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%B4ls" title="Poôls – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Poôls" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波兰语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-l%C3%A2n-g%C3%AD" title="Pho-lân-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-lân-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="波蘭文 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波蘭文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiPholisi" title="IsiPholisi – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiPholisi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q809#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Poloniera" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Poloniera&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Poloniera"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Poloniera"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Poloniera" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Poloniera" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&oldid=9852441" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Poloniera&id=9852441&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPoloniera"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPoloniera"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Poloniera"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Poloniera&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q809" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Poloniera</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;border-top: 2px solid #ddd; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; background-color: #eee;">język polski — polszczyzna</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Polish_language_map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Polish_language_map.PNG/285px-Polish_language_map.PNG" decoding="async" width="285" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Polish_language_map.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="404" /></a></span> eta <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:J%C4%99zyk_polski_w_Europie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/J%C4%99zyk_polski_w_Europie.png/285px-J%C4%99zyk_polski_w_Europie.png" decoding="async" width="285" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/J%C4%99zyk_polski_w_Europie.png/428px-J%C4%99zyk_polski_w_Europie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/J%C4%99zyk_polski_w_Europie.png/570px-J%C4%99zyk_polski_w_Europie.png 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Datu orokorrak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lurralde eremua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> (38 milioi); hiztunak ondoko herrietan ere bai: <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia">Bielorrusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, etab.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hiztunak</th><td class="infobox-data">50 milioitik gora</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzen_zerrenda_hiztun_kopuruaren_arabera" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizkuntzen zerrenda hiztun kopuruaren arabera">Rankinga</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>23. hizkuntza mintzatuena</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ofizialtasuna</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasuna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Araugilea</th><td class="infobox-data">Polonieraren Hizkuntza-Kontseilua</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Hizkuntza sailkapena</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20162172" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20162172">giza hizkuntza</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropar_hizkuntzak" title="Indoeuropar hizkuntzak">indoeuropar hizkuntzak</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q147356" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q147356">balto-eslaviar hizkuntzak</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eslaviar_hizkuntzak" title="Eslaviar hizkuntzak">Eslaviar hizkuntzak</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q145852" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q145852">West Slavic</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145852?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q742782" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q742782">Lechitic</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742782?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Informazio filologikoa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hizkuntza-tipologia</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjektu_aditza_objektu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjektu aditza objektu (sortu gabe)">subjektu aditza objektua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordena_libreko_hizkuntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordena libreko hizkuntza (sortu gabe)">ordena libreko hizkuntza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hizkuntza_azentuala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hizkuntza azentuala (sortu gabe)">hizkuntza azentuala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estres" title="Estres">Estresa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjective-noun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adjective-noun (sortu gabe)">adjective-noun</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74834637?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_malgukari" title="Hizkuntza malgukari">hizkuntza fusionatzailea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_sintetiko" title="Hizkuntza sintetiko">hizkuntza sintetikoa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nominatibo-akusatibo_hizkuntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nominatibo-akusatibo hizkuntza (sortu gabe)">nominatibo-akusatibo hizkuntza</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-drop_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pro-drop language (sortu gabe)">pro-drop language</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661936?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Genero gramatikalak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculine_personal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masculine personal (sortu gabe)">masculine personal</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27918551?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculine_animate_non-personal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masculine animate non-personal (sortu gabe)">masculine animate non-personal</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943193?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masculine_inanimate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masculine inanimate (sortu gabe)">masculine inanimate</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943434?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genero_femenino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genero femenino (sortu gabe)">genero femeninoa</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genero_neutro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genero neutro (sortu gabe)">genero neutroa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Kasu gramatikalak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nominatibo" title="Nominatibo">nominatiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genitibo" title="Genitibo">genitiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Datibo" title="Datibo">datiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akusatibo" title="Akusatibo">akusatiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instrumental_(gramatika)" title="Instrumental (gramatika)">instrumentala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leku-denborazko" title="Leku-denborazko">lokatiboa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bokatibo" title="Bokatibo">bokatiboa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Alfabetoa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latindar_alfabetoa" title="Latindar alfabetoa">latindar alfabetoa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Aurrekaria</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Polish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Polish (sortu gabe)">Middle Polish</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402878?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Hizkuntza kodeak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>pl</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>pol</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>pol</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ethnologue</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pol">pol</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/poli1260">poli1260</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Wikipedia</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org">pl</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">ASCL</th><td class="infobox-data">3602</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">pl</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Poloniera</b><sup id="cite_ref-Euskaltzaindia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euskaltzaindia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span lang="pl"><i>język polski</i>, <i>polszczyzna</i></span>) <a href="/wiki/Eslaviar_hizkuntzak" title="Eslaviar hizkuntzak">eslaviar hizkuntza</a> lekitikoa da (<a href="/wiki/Txekiera" title="Txekiera">txekiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaxubiera" title="Kaxubiera">kaxubiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eslovakiera" title="Eslovakiera">eslovakiera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Sorabiera" title="Sorabiera">sorabiera</a> hizkuntzekin batera), <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropar_hizkuntzak" title="Indoeuropar hizkuntzak">indoeuropar hizkuntzen</a> familiakoa. <a href="/wiki/Latindar_alfabetoa" title="Latindar alfabetoa">Latindar alfabetoaz</a> idazten da eta baditu zeinu <a href="/wiki/Digrafo" class="mw-redirect" title="Digrafo">digrafoak</a> zein <a href="/wiki/Diakritiko" title="Diakritiko">diakritikoak</a>. </p><p>Nagusiki <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonian</a> hitz egiten da, bertan administrazio <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_ofizial" title="Hizkuntza ofizial">hizkuntza ofiziala</a> baita, baina <a href="/wiki/Migrazio" class="mw-disambig" title="Migrazio">emigrazioa</a> dela-eta, <i>Polonia</i> izenez izendatzen denak, hau da atzerrian bizi diren poloniarren taldeak, hiztun kopuru esanguratsua osatzen du. Kalkuluen arabera, 44 milioi pertsona ingururen <a href="/wiki/Lehen_hizkuntza" title="Lehen hizkuntza">lehen hizkuntza</a> da mundu osoan<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (literatura zientifikoaren arabera hiztun kopurua 39 eta 48 milioi artekoa da<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Historikoki, poloniera <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> akademiko eta diplomatiko garrantzitsua<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> izan da Erdialdeko eta <a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Europa" title="Ekialdeko Europa">Ekialdeko Europako</a> eskualdean<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estatus_ofiziala">Estatus ofiziala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Estatus ofiziala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Estatus ofiziala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Poloniera <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Poloniako</a> hizkuntza ofiziala da, baita <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituaniako</a> <a href="/wiki/Vilniusko_konderria" title="Vilniusko konderria">Vilniusko konderrikoa</a> ere. Gainera, <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasuneko</a> 24 hizkuntza ofizialetako bat<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> da.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Pa%C5%82ac_Staszica_w_Warszawie_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pa%C5%82ac_Staszica_w_Warszawie_2021.jpg/289px-Pa%C5%82ac_Staszica_w_Warszawie_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="289" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pa%C5%82ac_Staszica_w_Warszawie_2021.jpg/434px-Pa%C5%82ac_Staszica_w_Warszawie_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pa%C5%82ac_Staszica_w_Warszawie_2021.jpg/578px-Pa%C5%82ac_Staszica_w_Warszawie_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6900" data-file-height="4724" /></a><figcaption>Staszic-en jauregia <a href="/wiki/Varsovia" title="Varsovia">Varsovian</a>, RJP edo Poloniar Hizkuntzaren Kontseiluaren egoitza.</figcaption></figure><p>Arautzea <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rjp.pan.pl/">Rada Języka Polskiego</a></i> (Poloniar Hizkuntzaren Kontseilua) erakundearen ardura da, polonieraren erabilerari buruzko kontsulta eta iritzi organo gorena baita (euskararako, <a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia</a> pareko erakundea da). Poloniako Zientzien Akademiako Lehendakaritzak eratu zuen <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>ko <a href="/wiki/Irailaren_9" title="Irailaren 9">irailaren 9an</a> eta prestigio sozial zein ibilbide akademiko oparoa duen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pan.pl/">Poloniako Zientzia Akademia</a> (<i>Polska Akademia Nauk</i> edo <i>PAN</i> polonieraz) erakunde publikoaren baitako aholku batzorde bat da formalki. RJP edo Poloniar Hizkuntzaren Kontseiluak <a href="/wiki/Varsovia" title="Varsovia">Varsovian</a> du egoitza, Staszic-en jauregian. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egoera_soziolinguistikoa">Egoera soziolinguistikoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Egoera soziolinguistikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Egoera soziolinguistikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Egun, mendebaldeko <a href="/wiki/Eslaviar_hizkuntzak" title="Eslaviar hizkuntzak">eslaviar hizkuntzen</a> artean hiztun gehien dituena da eta, oro har, <a href="/wiki/Eslaviar_hizkuntzak" title="Eslaviar hizkuntzak">eslaviar hizkuntzen</a> artean, bigarrena da hiztun kopuruari dagokionez<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Eslaviar_hizkuntzak" title="Eslaviar hizkuntzak">Eslaviar hizkuntza</a> nagusien artean, hurbilen dituenak <a href="/wiki/Eslovakiera" title="Eslovakiera">eslovakiera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Txekiera" title="Txekiera">txekiera</a> dira<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, baina <a href="/wiki/Ukrainera" title="Ukrainera">ukrainerarekin</a> ere ezaugarri asko partekatzen ditu, bi hizkuntzen arteko kontaktu estu eta jarraitua dela eta<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Horrez gain, polonieran eragin handia izan zuten <a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">germaniar hizkuntzek</a>, bereziki <a href="/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman">alemanak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">yiddishak</a>, baita <a href="/wiki/Italiera" title="Italiera">italierak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_arrunt" title="Latin arrunt">latinak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Frantses" title="Frantses">frantsesak</a> ere<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Lexiko" title="Lexiko">hiztegi</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika">gramatika</a>n batik bat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alfabetoa">Alfabetoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Alfabetoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Alfabetoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Polish-alphabet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Polish-alphabet.png/290px-Polish-alphabet.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Polish-alphabet.png/435px-Polish-alphabet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Polish-alphabet.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Polonieraren gaur egungo <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto">alfabetoa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Polonierak <a href="/wiki/Latindar_alfabetoa" title="Latindar alfabetoa">latindar alfabetoa</a> darabil eta 32 <a href="/wiki/Letra" title="Letra">letra</a> edo hizkiz osatuta dago<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p><p>Aa, Ąą, Bb, Cc, Ćć, Dd, Ee, Ęę, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Łł, Mm, Nn, Ńń, Oo, Óó, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Śś, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz, Źź, Żż </p><p>Horiez gain, beste 3 hizki edo letra daude jatorri atzerritara duten hitzetan soilik erabiltzen direnak: </p><p>Qq, Vv, Xx </p><p>Beraz, orotara 35 letra erabiltzen dira. Horietatik, 9 <a href="/wiki/Bokal" title="Bokal">bokalak</a> dira eta beste 23ak, <a href="/wiki/Kontsonante" title="Kontsonante">kontsonanteak</a>. Gainera, 9 hizkik zeinu <a href="/wiki/Diakritiko" title="Diakritiko">diakritikoak</a> dituzte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bokalak">Bokalak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bokalak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bokalak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polonierak ahozko sei <a href="/wiki/Bokal" title="Bokal">bokal</a> ditu (ahozko zazpi bokal idatziz), guztiak monoptongoak, eta bi <a href="/wiki/Bokal_sudurkari" title="Bokal sudurkari">bokal sudurkari</a>. Honako hauek dira <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoaren</a> arabera: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Aitzinekoa </th> <th>Erdikoa </th> <th>Atzekoa </th></tr> <tr> <th>Itxia </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Aitzineko_bokal_itxi_ez_biribildu" title="Aitzineko bokal itxi ez biribildu">i</a> </td> <td>ɘ </td> <td>u </td></tr> <tr> <th>Erdikoa </th> <td>ɛ </td> <td> </td> <td>ɔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>Irekia </th> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aitzineko_bokal_ireki_ez_biribildu" title="Aitzineko bokal ireki ez biribildu">a</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pareko soinuak: </p> <ul><li>Ą eta Ę sudurkariak dira, hurrenez hurren, frantsesezko <i>bon</i> eta <i>bain</i> hitzetakoak.</li> <li>Ó <i>u</i> bokala bezalakoa da.</li> <li>Y <i>i</i>-aren antzekoa da, baina mihia atzean kokatuta.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kontsonanteak">Kontsonanteak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kontsonanteak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kontsonanteak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polonieraren <a href="/wiki/Kontsonante" title="Kontsonante">kontsonante</a> sistemak konplexutasun handiagoa du. Ezaugarri bereizgarriea <a href="/wiki/Kontsonante" title="Kontsonante">kontsonante</a> afrikari eta sabaikarien seriea da. Kontsonanteen multzo osoa, <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoaren</a> arabera (nahiz eta beste analisi <a href="/wiki/Fonologia" title="Fonologia">fonologiko</a> batzuk dauden), honela aurkez daiteke: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th> <th rowspan="2">Ezpainkari </th> <th rowspan="2">Horzkari/ <p>Hobikari </p> </th> <th rowspan="2">Erretroflexu </th> <th rowspan="2">(Hobikari-) <p>sabaikari </p> </th> <th colspan="2">Belar </th></tr> <tr> <th>lau </th> <th>sabaikari </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Sudurkari </th> <td>m </td> <td>n </td> <td> </td> <td>ɲ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Leherkari </th> <th>ahoskabe </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Leherkari_biezpainkari_ahoskabe" title="Leherkari biezpainkari ahoskabe">p</a> </td> <td>t </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leherkari_belar_ahoskabe" title="Leherkari belar ahoskabe">k</a> </td> <td>kʲ </td></tr> <tr> <th>ahostun </th> <td>b </td> <td>d </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ɡ </td> <td>ɡʲ </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Afrikari </th> <th>ahoskabe </th> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afrikatu_hobikari_ahoskabe" title="Afrikatu hobikari ahoskabe">t͡s</a> </td> <td>t͡ʂ </td> <td>t͡ɕ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ahostun </th> <td> </td> <td>d͡z </td> <td>d͡ʐ </td> <td>d͡ʑ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Igurzkari </th> <th>ahoskabe </th> <td>f </td> <td>s </td> <td>ʂ </td> <td>ɕ </td> <td>x </td> <td>xʲ </td></tr> <tr> <th>ahostun </th> <td>v </td> <td>z </td> <td>ʐ </td> <td>ʑ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Dardarkari </th> <td> </td> <td>r </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Hurbilkari </th> <td> </td> <td>l </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hurbilkari_sabaikari_ahostun" title="Hurbilkari sabaikari ahostun">j</a> </td> <td>w </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pareko soinuak: </p> <ul><li>C euskarazko <i>tz</i> bezalakoa da.</li> <li>Ć letra eta CZ digrafoa euskal <i>tx-</i>aren antzekoak dira, baita CI ere, bokalen aurrean.</li> <li>CH gipuzkerazko <i>j</i> da, <i>jakin</i> aditzean.</li> <li>H behenafarrerazkoa da, <i>hor</i> aditzondoan.</li> <li>J erdikontsonantea da, <i>iaio</i> adjektiboko <i>i</i>-en gisakoa, edo lapurterazko <i>joan</i> aditzeko jota.</li> <li>Ł <i>w-</i>aren antzekoa da (<i>kiwi</i> hitzean), edo <i>higuingarri</i> adjektiboko <i>u</i> bokala.</li> <li>Ń edo NI (bokalen aurrean) euskal <i>ñ</i>-a bezalakoa da.</li> <li>Ś letra eta SZ digrafoa euskal ixaren parekoak dira.</li> <li>W frantses zein ingeles <i>v</i>-a bezalakoa da, <i>virus</i> hitzean.</li> <li>Z zubererazko <i>deusik</i> hitzeko esea bezala ahoskatzen da, edo frantsesezko zein ingelesezko bokal arteko eseak bezala, <i>rose</i> eta <i>zoo</i> hitzetan.</li> <li>Ź, Ż letrak eta RZ digrafoa Lekeitioko azpieuskalkiko jota bezalakoak dira (<i>jakin</i> aditzean), edo frantsesezkoa zein katalanezkoa (<i>j'ai</i>, <i>Jordi</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morfologia">Morfologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Morfologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Morfologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hizkuntza-tipologiaren ikuspegitik, <a href="/wiki/Morfologia_(hizkuntzalaritza)" title="Morfologia (hizkuntzalaritza)">morfologikoki</a> fusio edo <a href="/wiki/Flexio" title="Flexio">flexio hizkuntza</a> bat da<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, hots <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_sintetiko" title="Hizkuntza sintetiko">hizkuntza sintetiko</a> mota bat, zehazki flexio estentsiboa duena<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Polonierazko <a href="/wiki/Azentu" title="Azentu">azentua</a>, oro har, amaieratik hasita bigarren <a href="/wiki/Silaba" title="Silaba">silaban</a> egon ohi da<sup id="cite_ref-#1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Munduko hizkuntza askotan bezala (<a href="/wiki/Mandarinera" title="Mandarinera">mandarinera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frantses" title="Frantses">frantsesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaztelania" title="Gaztelania">gaztelania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Errusiera" title="Errusiera">errusiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili" title="Swahili">swahilia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesa</a>, adibidez), <a href="/wiki/Perpaus" title="Perpaus">perpausek</a> SVO (<i>subject-verb-object</i> <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesez</a>, hau da subjektua-aditza-objektua) ordena dute<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (euskarak, aldiz, SOV ordena du). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialektologia">Dialektologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Dialektologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Dialektologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Polish_language_frequency_in_Poland_in_1931.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Polish_language_frequency_in_Poland_in_1931.PNG/254px-Polish_language_frequency_in_Poland_in_1931.PNG" decoding="async" width="254" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Polish_language_frequency_in_Poland_in_1931.PNG/381px-Polish_language_frequency_in_Poland_in_1931.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Polish_language_frequency_in_Poland_in_1931.PNG/508px-Polish_language_frequency_in_Poland_in_1931.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1337" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption>1931n, <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Poloniako</a> <a href="/wiki/Zentsu_(estatistika)" title="Zentsu (estatistika)">zentsuaren</a> arabera, poloniera lehen hizkuntzatzat zuen biztanleriaren ehunekoa.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Polska-dialekty_wg_Urba%C5%84czyka.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Polska-dialekty_wg_Urba%C5%84czyka.PNG/254px-Polska-dialekty_wg_Urba%C5%84czyka.PNG" decoding="async" width="254" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Polska-dialekty_wg_Urba%C5%84czyka.PNG/381px-Polska-dialekty_wg_Urba%C5%84czyka.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Polska-dialekty_wg_Urba%C5%84czyka.PNG/508px-Polska-dialekty_wg_Urba%C5%84czyka.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2564" data-file-height="2372" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Urba%C5%84czyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanisław Urbańczyk (sortu gabe)">Stanisław Urbańczyk</a> hizkuntzalariak egindako polonieraren dialektoen mapa.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Dialektologia" title="Dialektologia">Dialektologiari</a> erreparatuz gero, egun <a href="/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto">dialekto</a>-bereizketa ez da oso nabaria: areago, galtzeko bidean dago eta <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_estandar" title="Hizkuntza estandar">hizkuntza estandarra</a> gailentzen da komunikazio-jardunean<sup id="cite_ref-#1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Fenomeno horren kausa nagusiak honakoak dira: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1772" title="1772">1772</a>, <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a> eta <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>. urteetako <a href="/wiki/Poloniako_historia" title="Poloniako historia">Poloniako</a> Partizio edo Banaketak (eta, horren ondorioz, <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> estatu burujabe gisa <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>ra arte mapatik desagertu izana),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerraren</a> ostean poloniar ugari lekualdarazi izana,</li> <li>hirien garapena,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa-kultura" title="Masa-kultura">masa-kulturaren</a> eragina (<a href="/wiki/Telebista" title="Telebista">telebista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prentsa_idatzia" title="Prentsa idatzia">prentsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sare_sozialak" title="Sare sozialak">gizarte-sareak</a>...), eta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Poloniako</a> <a href="/wiki/Hezkuntza_sistema" title="Hezkuntza sistema">hezkuntza-sisteman</a> poloniera <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca"><i>lingua</i> <i>franca</i></a> gisa orokortu izana.</li></ul> <p>Hori guztia dela eta, gero eta uniformeagoa da eta <a href="/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto">dialektoen</a> ezaugarri bereizgarriak askoz ere gutxiago agertzen dira <a href="/wiki/Hiztun_komunitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiztun komunitate">hiztun</a> gazteenen artean. Dena den, aldaera batzuek bizirik diraute, adibidez, Górale mendietakoa eta <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesiakoa</a>. Hala eta guztiz ere, hiztun gehienek poloniera <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_estandar" title="Hizkuntza estandar">estandarraren</a> antzeko hizkuntza erabiltzen dute. Hortaz, hizkuntza homogeneoa dela esaten da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gramatika">Gramatika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gramatika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Gramatika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polonieraz ez dago <a href="/wiki/Artikulu_(gramatika)" title="Artikulu (gramatika)">artikulurik</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Subjektu_(gramatika)" title="Subjektu (gramatika)">subjektu</a> <a href="/wiki/Izenordain" title="Izenordain">izenordainak</a> askotan ez dira aipatzen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lexiko" title="Lexiko">Lexikoari</a> dagokionez, hiru <a href="/wiki/Genero_gramatikal" title="Genero gramatikal">generotako</a> <a href="/wiki/Izen" title="Izen">izenak</a> daude: maskulinoa, femeninoa eta neutroa. Genero maskulinoa ere azpigenerotan banatzen da: biziduna ala bizigabea <a href="/wiki/Singular" title="Singular">singularrean</a>, gizatiarra ala ez gizatiarra <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">pluralean</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adjektibo" title="Adjektibo">Adjektiboen</a> kasuan, <a href="/wiki/Komunztadura" title="Komunztadura">komunztadura</a> gertatzen da <a href="/wiki/Izen" title="Izen">izenekin</a> <a href="/wiki/Genero_gramatikal" title="Genero gramatikal">generoan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasu_(gramatika)" title="Kasu (gramatika)">kasuan</a> eta zenbakian. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Deklinabide_(gramatika)" title="Deklinabide (gramatika)">Deklinabideari</a> dagokionez, zazpi <a href="/wiki/Kasu_(gramatika)" title="Kasu (gramatika)">kasu</a> daude: <a href="/wiki/Nominatibo" title="Nominatibo">nominatiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genitibo" title="Genitibo">genitiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Datibo" title="Datibo">datiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akusatibo" title="Akusatibo">akusatiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instrumental_(gramatika)" title="Instrumental (gramatika)">instrumentala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leku-denborazko" title="Leku-denborazko">lokatiboa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bokatibo" title="Bokatibo">bokatiboa</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aditz" title="Aditz">Aditzak</a>, aspektuari dagokionez, burutuak edo ez burutuak izan daitezke eta askotan bi aldaerak ditu aditz-erro berdinak. <a href="/wiki/Denbora_(hizkuntzalaritza)" title="Denbora (hizkuntzalaritza)">Aditz denbora</a> edo aldiari erreparatuz gero, aditz ez burutuek orainaldia, lehenaldia, etorkizun konposatua, subjuntiboa/<a href="/wiki/Baldintzazko_perpaus" title="Baldintzazko perpaus">baldintza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inperatibo" class="mw-redirect" title="Inperatibo">agintera</a>, infinitiboa, orainaldiko <a href="/wiki/Partizipio" title="Partizipio">partizipioa</a>, orainaldiko gerundioa eta lehenaldiko <a href="/wiki/Partizipio" title="Partizipio">partizipioa</a> dituzte. Aditz burutuek, berriz, etorkizun sinplea, lehenaldia, subjuntiboa/<a href="/wiki/Baldintzazko_perpaus" title="Baldintzazko perpaus">baldintza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inperatibo" class="mw-redirect" title="Inperatibo">agintera</a>, infinitiboa, orainaldiko gerundioa eta lehenaldiko <a href="/wiki/Partizipio" title="Partizipio">partizipioa</a>. Aditz jokatuetan <a href="/wiki/Komunztadura" title="Komunztadura">komunztadura</a> gertatzen da <a href="/wiki/Subjektu_(gramatika)" title="Subjektu (gramatika)">subjektuarekin</a> bai <a href="/wiki/Pertsona_gramatikal" title="Pertsona gramatikal">pertsona</a>, zenbaki eta, iraganeko zein subjuntibo/<a href="/wiki/Baldintzazko_perpaus" title="Baldintzazko perpaus">baldintzazko</a> formen kasuan, baita <a href="/wiki/Genero_gramatikal" title="Genero gramatikal">generoari</a> dagokionez ere (azken ezaugarri hau ez da batere ohikoa). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maileguak">Maileguak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Maileguak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Maileguak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polonierak, mendez mende, beste <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza" title="Hizkuntza">hizkuntza</a> batzuetako zenbait hitz mailegatu ditu. Hitzok <a href="/wiki/Mailegu_(hizkuntzalaritza)" title="Mailegu (hizkuntzalaritza)">maileguan</a> hartzerakoan aldatu egiten dira, batetik, <a href="/wiki/Ahoskera" title="Ahoskera">ahoskera</a> polonieraren <a href="/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema">fonemetara</a> egokitzeko eta, bestetik, <a href="/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia">ortografiak</a> ere polonieraren arauekin bat egin dezan. Hori dela eta, esate baterako, <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> idazlearen izena polonieraz <i>Szekspir</i> idazten da. </p><p>Polonierak ere izan du eraginik beste hizkuntzetan, bereziki gainerako <a href="/wiki/Eslaviar_hizkuntzak" title="Eslaviar hizkuntzak">eslaviar hizkuntzetan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman">alemanean</a>, hurbil daudelako eta <a href="/wiki/Muga" title="Muga">muga</a> partekatzen dutelako. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Book_of_Henryk%C3%B3w.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Book_of_Henryk%C3%B3w.PNG/220px-Book_of_Henryk%C3%B3w.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Book_of_Henryk%C3%B3w.PNG/330px-Book_of_Henryk%C3%B3w.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Book_of_Henryk%C3%B3w.PNG/440px-Book_of_Henryk%C3%B3w.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Polonieraz idatzitako esaldirik zaharrena, <a href="/wiki/1270" title="1270">1270</a>ekoa, Henrikowen Liburukoa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Polonieraz idatzitako esaldi zaharrenak honako bi hauek dira: </p> <ul><li><i>Day, ut ia pobrusa, a ti poziwai</i>: <a href="/wiki/1270" title="1270">1270</a>ean idatzia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrykowren_Liburua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henrykowren Liburua (sortu gabe)">Henrykowen Liburua</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> izenekoan (<i>Księga henrykowska</i> da izenburua polonieraz eta <i>Liber fundationis claustri sanctae Mariae Virginis in Heinrichow</i> jatorrizko izenburua <a href="/wiki/Latin_arrunt" title="Latin arrunt">latinez</a>), 24. orrialdean.</li> <li><i>Byegaycze, byegaycze! (...) Gorze szą nam stalo!</i> <a href="/wiki/1455" title="1455">1455</a>-<a href="/wiki/1480" title="1480">1480</a> urteen artean <a href="/wiki/Jan_D%C5%82ugosz" title="Jan Długosz">Jan Długosz</a>ek idatziak, "Poloniako Erresuma Handiaren kroniken <a href="/wiki/Urte-liburuak" title="Urte-liburuak">urte-liburuetan</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Roczniki czyli kroniki słynnego Królestwa Polskiego</i> da izenburua polonieraz eta <i>Annales seu cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae</i> jatorrizko izenburua latinez).</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/1285" title="1285">1285</a>ean, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%99czyca" title="Łęczyca">Łęczyca</a>-ko batzarrean, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinarekin</a> batera poloniera erabiltzea erabaki zen <a href="/wiki/Katedral" title="Katedral">katedral</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Monasterio" title="Monasterio">monasteriotako</a> eskoletan. </p><p>Polonierazko idatzi zahar asko epaiak dira, liburu judizialetan eskuz idatzita gorde direnak eta <a href="/wiki/Epaiketa" title="Epaiketa">epaiketa</a>, testigantza zein <a href="/wiki/Akta_(bilera)" title="Akta (bilera)">akta</a> judizialak erregistratzeko idatzitakoak. <a href="/wiki/XIV._mendea" title="XIV. mendea">XIV.</a> eta <a href="/wiki/XV._mendea" title="XV. mendea">XV. mendeetan</a> erregistratu ziren, lehenengoak zehazki <a href="/wiki/1386" title="1386">1386</a>az gerotztik <a href="/wiki/Polonia_Handiko_voivoderria" title="Polonia Handiko voivoderria">Wielkopolskaren</a> gorteko liburuetan agertutakoak dira. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1475" title="1475">1475e</a>an agertu zen, <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a> hirian, polonierazko inpresiorik zaharrena. Hiru <a href="/wiki/Otoitz" title="Otoitz">otoitz</a> <a href="/wiki/Katolizismo" title="Katolizismo">katoliko</a> ziren: <a href="/wiki/Gure_Aita" title="Gure Aita">Gure aita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agur_Maria" title="Agur Maria">Agur Maria</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kredo" title="Kredo">Kredoa</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:PL_Linde-Slownik_Jezyka_Polskiego_T.1_Cz.1_A-F_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/PL_Linde-Slownik_Jezyka_Polskiego_T.1_Cz.1_A-F_001.jpg/220px-PL_Linde-Slownik_Jezyka_Polskiego_T.1_Cz.1_A-F_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/PL_Linde-Slownik_Jezyka_Polskiego_T.1_Cz.1_A-F_001.jpg/330px-PL_Linde-Slownik_Jezyka_Polskiego_T.1_Cz.1_A-F_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/PL_Linde-Slownik_Jezyka_Polskiego_T.1_Cz.1_A-F_001.jpg/440px-PL_Linde-Slownik_Jezyka_Polskiego_T.1_Cz.1_A-F_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1837" data-file-height="2242" /></a><figcaption>Poloniera hutsezko lehen hiztegia, 1807. urtekoa.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Emblem_of_the_Byelorussian_SSR_(1927%E2%80%931937).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Emblem_of_the_Byelorussian_SSR_%281927%E2%80%931937%29.svg/220px-Emblem_of_the_Byelorussian_SSR_%281927%E2%80%931937%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Emblem_of_the_Byelorussian_SSR_%281927%E2%80%931937%29.svg/330px-Emblem_of_the_Byelorussian_SSR_%281927%E2%80%931937%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Emblem_of_the_Byelorussian_SSR_%281927%E2%80%931937%29.svg/440px-Emblem_of_the_Byelorussian_SSR_%281927%E2%80%931937%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>1927-1937 urteen arteko<a href="/wiki/Bielorrusiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Bielorrusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Bielorrusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialistaren</a> armarria.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/XVI._mendea" title="XVI. mendea">XVI. mendean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erreforma_protestantea" title="Erreforma protestantea">Erreformari</a> esker, poloniera <a href="/wiki/Literatura" title="Literatura">literaturaren</a> alorrera zabaldu zen luze eta zabal. Erabaki horrek lotura estua zuen ahalik eta jende gehienarengana iristeko nahiarekin, eta hortik erraz uler daiteke ordukoak izatea bai <a href="/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia">Bibliaren</a> lehen <a href="/wiki/Itzulpengintza" title="Itzulpengintza">itzulpenak</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo">protestanteen</a> aldetik, baita <a href="/wiki/Erlijio" title="Erlijio">erlijio</a>-literaturari lotutako <a href="/wiki/Argitalpen" title="Argitalpen">argitalpen</a> ugari ere, beste erlijioen aurkako argitalpen polemikoak barne<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>eko <a href="/wiki/Urtarrilaren_3" title="Urtarrilaren 3">urtarrilaren 3an</a> <i>Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny</i> <a href="/wiki/Aldizkari" title="Aldizkari">astekaria</a> argitaratu zen, gaur egunerarte iritsi den poloniera hutsezko lehen <a href="/wiki/Aldizkari" title="Aldizkari">aldizkaria</a>. Argitaratzeari utzi ziotenean, <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>eko <a href="/wiki/Uztailaren_22" title="Uztailaren 22">uztailaren 22an</a>, ez zen aldizkaririk argitaratu polonieraz zenbait hamarkadatan. Poloniako aldizkarien etengabeko garapenaren hasiera XVIII. mendearen bigarren laurdenean hasi zen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1696" title="1696">1696</a>an, <a href="/wiki/Lituaniako_Dukerri_Handia" title="Lituaniako Dukerri Handia">Lituaniako Dukerri Handiko</a> <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_ofizial" title="Hizkuntza ofizial">hizkuntza ofizial</a> bihurtu zen eta orduan hasi zen nagusitzen <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituaniako</a> bizitza sozial, kultural eta politikoan. Poloniako Erresumako Koroaren (<a href="/wiki/1385" title="1385">1385</a>-<a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>) probintzietan aldiz, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinak</a> hizkuntza ofizial izaten segitu zuen, Saxoien garaia amaitu arte (<a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Halaber, Poloniako <a href="/wiki/Livonia" title="Livonia">Livoniako</a> <a href="/wiki/Voivoderri" title="Voivoderri">voivoderriko</a> (1621-1772) familia noble alemaniarren hizkuntza ere bihurtu zen, inbasioaren ondotik poloniera berehala bereganatu baitzuten. </p><p>Poloniera barne biltzen zuten lehenengo <a href="/wiki/Hiztegi" title="Hiztegi">hiztegiak</a> <a href="/wiki/Eleaniztasun" title="Eleaniztasun">eleanitzak</a> izan ziren, batez ere poloniera eta <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinaren</a> arteko <a href="/wiki/Hitz" title="Hitz">hitzen</a> itzulpena ematen zutenak. Poloniera hutsezko lehen <a href="/wiki/Hiztegi" title="Hiztegi">hiztegia</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Bogumi%C5%82_Linde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Bogumił Linde (sortu gabe)">Samuel Bogumił Linde</a>-ren hiztegia izan zen eta <a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a>an argitaratu zen lehen aldiz <a href="/wiki/Varsovia" title="Varsovia">Varsovian</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>az geroztik, <i>Poradnik Językowy</i> ("Hizkuntza-gida") <a href="/wiki/Aldizkari" title="Aldizkari">hilabetekaria</a> argitaratzen da, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza" title="Hizkuntza">hizkuntzari</a> dagozkion gaiak jorratzen dituen <a href="/wiki/Argitalpen" title="Argitalpen">argitalpen</a> arauemailea. <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> urteaz geroztik, gainera, <i>Język Polski</i> (poloniar hizkuntza) <a href="/wiki/Aldizkari_zientifiko" title="Aldizkari zientifiko">aldizkari zientifikoa</a> ere argitaratzen da polonierari eta, oro har, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzalaritza" title="Hizkuntzalaritza">hizkuntzalaritzar</a>i buruzko ezagutza sustatzen duena. </p><p>Poloniera <a href="/wiki/Bielorrusiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Bielorrusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Bielorrusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialistako</a> <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_ofizial" title="Hizkuntza ofizial">hizkuntza ofizialetako</a> bat izan zen <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a> eta <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> artean. Horren isla da, esate baterako, <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Batasuneko_armarria" title="Sobietar Batasuneko armarria">Sobietar batasuneko armarriko</a> <i>Proletariusze wszystkich krajów, łączcie się!</i> ("Herrialde guztietako proletarioak, batu zaitezte!") leloa polonieraz ere agertzea <a href="/wiki/Bielorrusiako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Bielorrusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista">Bielorrusiako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialistaren</a> 1927-1937 urteen arteko armarrian. </p><p>Polonierak, orobat, estatus <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_ofizial" title="Hizkuntza ofizial">ofiziala</a> izan zuen <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna" title="Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna">Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuneko</a> eskualde nazional poloniarretan 1925-1937 urteen artean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poloniera_atzerrian">Poloniera atzerrian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Poloniera atzerrian»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Poloniera atzerrian"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Map_of_the_Polish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Map_of_the_Polish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/220px-Map_of_the_Polish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Map_of_the_Polish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/330px-Map_of_the_Polish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Map_of_the_Polish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/440px-Map_of_the_Polish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>Poloniarren populazioa munduan</figcaption></figure> <p>Poloniera hiztun asko beste herrialde batzuetan bizi dira, asko eta asko dira beste <a href="/wiki/Herrialde" title="Herrialde">herrialde</a> bateko behin-betiko <a href="/wiki/Herritartasun" title="Herritartasun">herritartasuna</a> dutenak. Talde hau osatzen dutenen artean nagusi dira Poloniako gutxiengo nazionaleko kideak, Poloniako <a href="/wiki/Etorkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Etorkin">migranteak</a> edo haien ondorengoak. Poloniarren <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> horri polonieraz <i>Polonia</i> izena ematen zaio. </p><p>Beraz, <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Poloniako</a> hiztunez gain, poloniera hitz egiten duten <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza-komunitate" title="Hizkuntza-komunitate">hizkuntza-komunitate</a> esanguratsuenak honako herrialdeotan daude: <a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgika" title="Belgika">Belgikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasilen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Txile" title="Txile">Txilen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Txekia" title="Txekia">Txekiar Errepublikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eslovakia" title="Eslovakia">Eslovakian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espainia" title="Espainia">Espainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEBetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grezia" title="Grezia">Grezian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda">Irlandan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israelen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstanen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbehereak" title="Herbehereak">Herbehereetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batua" title="Erresuma Batua">Erresuma Batuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hegoafrika" title="Hegoafrika">Hegoafrikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Errumania" title="Errumania">Errumanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedian</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Uruguai" title="Uruguai">Uruguain</a><sup class="Template-Fact" title="erreferentzia behar da pasarte honetan" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">[erreferentzia behar]</a></sup>. Halaber, <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerraren</a> ostean <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna" title="Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna">Sobietar Batasunak</a> bere egindako lurraldeetan, polonierazko jatorrizko hizkuntza-komunitateak mantentzen dira, hots, <a href="/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia">Bielorrusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituanian</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukrainan</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Polish_in_Europe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Polish_in_Europe.png/220px-Polish_in_Europe.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Polish_in_Europe.png/330px-Polish_in_Europe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Polish_in_Europe.png/440px-Polish_in_Europe.png 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>Poloniera hiztunak europan</figcaption></figure> <p>Oso zaila da polonieraz hitz egiten duen eta <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Poloniatik</a> kanpo behin-betirako (behin-behineko lekualdatzeak kanpo utzita) bizi den pertsona kopurua zehaztea, munduan polonieraz hitz egiten duen biztanleria oso sakabanatuta dagoelako eta poloniarrek atzerrian ere polonierari eusteko duten mailari buruzko gaur egungo <a href="/wiki/Ikerkuntza" title="Ikerkuntza">ikerketarik</a> ez dagoelako. <a href="/wiki/Liburu" title="Liburu">Liburu</a> fidagarrietan emandako estimazioen arabera, 3,5 eta 10 milioi <a href="/wiki/Hiztun_komunitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiztun komunitate">hiztun</a> artean izan litezke<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Datu" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Datu">Datu</a> faltak eragindako desadostasun horren ondorioz, jatorrizko hiztunen kopuru orokorrari buruzko datuen artean alde nabaria dago, iturriaren arabera. </p><p><a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>az geroztik, aukera dago polonieraren ezagutza atzerriko hizkuntza gisa <a href="/wiki/Agiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Agiri">agiri</a> ofizial bidez ziurtatzeko eta azterketak hiru mailatan egiten dira, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzetarako_Europako_Erreferentzia_Esparru_Bateratua" title="Hizkuntzetarako Europako Erreferentzia Esparru Bateratua">Hizkuntzetarako Europako Erreferentzia Esparru Bateratuaren</a> arabera: oinarrizkoa (B1 maila), ertaina (B2 maila) eta aurreratua (C2 maila). Azterketa horiek egitearen ardura <i>Państwowa Komisja Poświadczania Znajomości Języka Polskiego jako Obcego</i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> erakundeak du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hiztegi_laburra">Hiztegi laburra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hiztegi laburra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Hiztegi laburra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Informazio gehiagorako kontsultatu euskara-poloniera hiztegia<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Laburduren esanahiak: </p> <ul><li>m: maskulinoa</li> <li>f: femeninoa</li> <li>n: neutroa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izenak">Izenak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Izenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm/406px--WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="406" height="228" data-durationhint="128" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Marta_speaking_Polish.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Marta polonieraz hitz egiten.</figcaption></figure>dzień (m): egun</li> <li>książka (f): liburu</li> <li>łóżko (n): ohe</li> <li>imię (n): izen</li> <li>godzina (f): ordu</li> <li>mysz (f): sagu</li> <li>ulica (f): kale</li> <li>mleko (n): esne</li> <li>pociąg (m): tren</li> <li>dom (m): etxe</li> <li>przyjaciel (m): lagun</li> <li>numer (m): zenbaki</li> <li>krzesło (n): aulki</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zenbakiak">Zenbakiak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zenbakiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Zenbakiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>zero: zero</li> <li>jeden: bat</li> <li>dwa: bi</li> <li>trzy: hiru</li> <li>cztery: lau</li> <li>pięć: bost</li> <li>sześć: sei</li> <li>siedem: zazpi</li> <li>osiem: zortzi</li> <li>dziewięć: bederatzi</li> <li>dziesięć: hamar</li> <li>jedenaście: hamaika</li> <li>dwanaście: hamabi</li> <li>trzynaście: hamairu</li> <li>czternaście: hamalau</li> <li>piętnaście: hamabost</li> <li>szesnaście: hamasei</li> <li>siedemnaście: hamazazpi</li> <li>osiemnaście: hemezortzi</li> <li>dziewiętnaście: hemeretzi</li> <li>dwadzieścia: hogei</li> <li>trzydzieści: hogeita hamar</li> <li>czterdzieści: berrogei</li> <li>pięćdziesiąt: berrogeita hamar</li> <li>sześćdziesiąt: hirurogei</li> <li>siedemdziesiąt: hirurogeita hamar</li> <li>osiemdziesiąt: laurogei</li> <li>dziewięćdziesiąt: laurogeita hamar</li> <li>sto: ehun</li> <li>dwieście: berrehun</li> <li>trzysta: hirurehun</li> <li>czterysta: laurehun</li> <li>pięćset: bostehun</li> <li>sześćset: seiehun</li> <li>siedemset: bederatziehun</li> <li>osiemset: zortziehun</li> <li>dziewięćset: bederatziehun</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pertsona-izenordainak">Pertsona-izenordainak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Pertsona-izenordainak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Pertsona-izenordainak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ja: ni</li> <li>ty: hi/zu</li> <li>on: hura (m)</li> <li>ona: hura (f)</li> <li>ono: hura (n)</li> <li>my: gu</li> <li>wy: zuek</li> <li>oni: haiek (m)</li> <li>one: haiek (izen femeninoak, neutroak eta maskulino inpertsonalak)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asteko_egunak">Asteko egunak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Asteko egunak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Asteko egunak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>poniedziałek (m): astelehen</li> <li>wtorek (m): astearte</li> <li>środa (f): asteazken</li> <li>czwartek (m): ostegun</li> <li>piątek (m): ostiral</li> <li>sobota (f): larunbat</li> <li>niedziela (f): igande</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Euskaltzaindia-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Euskaltzaindia_1-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuskaltzaindia"><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/dok/arauak/Araua_0038.pdf"><i>38. araua: Munduko estatu-izenak, herritarren izenak, hizkuntza ofizialak eta hiriburuak. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40400525"><i>The World Almanac and book of facts, 1999.. </i></a> World Almanac Books 1998 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-88687-832-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-88687-832-2">0-88687-832-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=40400525">40400525</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDalewska-Greń1997">Dalewska-Greń, Hanna.  (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38871575"><i>Języki słowiańskie. </i></a> (Wyd. 1. argitaraldia) Wydawn. Naukowe PWN <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/83-01-12391-5" title="Berezi:BookSources/83-01-12391-5">83-01-12391-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=38871575">38871575</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20170712102836/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pol">«Polish | Ethnologue»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2017-07-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/834572951"><i>Multilingual Europe, multilingual Europeans. </i></a> Rodopi 2012 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/94-012-0803-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/94-012-0803-4">94-012-0803-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=834572951">834572951</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/434285009"><i>Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: past and present. </i></a> Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University 2007 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-4-938637-43-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-4-938637-43-9">978-4-938637-43-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=434285009">434285009</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/languages_en">«Languages»</a> <i>european-union.europa.eu</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907172244/http://www.cactuslanguagetraining.com/us/english/view/the-importance-of-polish-as-a-language-today/">«The importance of Polish as a language today - Learn English your way - Cactus Language Training»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2011-09-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1022080518"><i>Language planning in the post-communist era : the struggles for language control in the new order in Eastern Europe, Eurasia and China. </i></a> Palgrave Macmillan 2018 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-3-319-70926-0" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-3-319-70926-0">978-3-319-70926-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1022080518">1022080518</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFcoed.2004">coed., Duszak, Anna, ed. Okulska, Urszula,.  (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/760392055"><i>Speaking from the margin : global English from a European perspective. </i></a> P. Lang <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-8204-7328-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-8204-7328-6">0-8204-7328-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=760392055">760392055</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJoseph1999">Joseph, Brian D..  (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=VqIbAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y"><i>Historical Linguistics. </i></a> Ohio State University, Department of Linguistics <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFElżbieta.1995">Elżbieta., Mańczak-Wohlfeld,.  (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/610272413"><i>Tendencje rozwojowe współczesnych zapożyczeń angielskich w języku polskim. </i></a> Universitas <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=610272413">610272413</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPisarek2008">Pisarek, Walery.  (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/750767399"><i>Poļu valoda. </i></a> Published by the Council for the Polish Language <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-83-916268-2-5" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-83-916268-2-5">978-83-916268-2-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=750767399">750767399</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44494286"><i>Studia slawistyczne. </i></a> Tow. Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych "Universitas" 1998 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/83-7052-896-1" title="Berezi:BookSources/83-7052-896-1">83-7052-896-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=44494286">44494286</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMistrík1993">Mistrík, Jozef.  (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29200758"><i>Encyklopédia jazykovedy. </i></a> (1. vyd. argitaraldia) Obzor <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/80-215-0250-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/80-215-0250-9">80-215-0250-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=29200758">29200758</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-16">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_16-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_16-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSwan2002">Swan, Oscar E..  (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50064627"><i>A grammar of contemporary Polish. </i></a> Slavica <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-89357-296-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-89357-296-9">0-89357-296-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=50064627">50064627</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDziamska-Lenart2021-12-30">Dziamska-Lenart, Gabriela, ed. (2021-12-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.14746/amup.9788323239970"><i>Perspektywy współczesnej frazeologii polskiej. Artystyczny potencjał frazeologii. </i></a> Adam Mickiewicz University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-83-232-3997-0" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-83-232-3997-0">978-83-232-3997-0</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWaniakowa2020-06-15">Waniakowa, Jadwiga.  (2020-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gd.2020.12.18">«Polskie słownictwo gwarowe w kontekście etymologicznym (na przykładzie nazw roślin)»</a> <i>Gwary Dziś</i> 12: 247–255.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.14746%2Fgd.2020.12.18">10.14746/gd.2020.12.18</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1898-9276">1898-9276</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWalczak1999">Walczak, Bogdan.  (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42421898"><i>Zarys dziejów języka polskiego. </i></a> (Wyd. 2, popr. argitaraldia) Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/83-229-1867-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/83-229-1867-4">83-229-1867-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=42421898">42421898</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Polonieraz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Polonieraz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHuncwot.com">Huncwot.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dlugosz.polona.pl/pl/">«Jan Długosz · Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego - Jan Długosz»</a> <i>dlugosz.polona.pl</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFChrzanowski1983">Chrzanowski, Ignacy.  (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10598706"><i>Historia literatury niepodległej Polski, 965-1795 : z wypisami. </i></a> (Wyd. 13. argitaraldia) Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/83-06-00953-3" title="Berezi:BookSources/83-06-00953-3">83-06-00953-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=10598706">10598706</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDavies1989-1991">Davies, Norman.  (1989-1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20347690"><i>Boże igrzysko : historia Polski. </i></a> (Wyd. 1. argitaraldia) Wydawn. Znak <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/83-7006-052-8" title="Berezi:BookSources/83-7006-052-8">83-7006-052-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=20347690">20347690</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47991715"><i>Współczesny język polski. </i></a> Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 2001 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/83-227-1699-0" title="Berezi:BookSources/83-227-1699-0">83-227-1699-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=47991715">47991715</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://certyfikatpolski.pl/">«certyfikatSU»</a> <i>certyfikatpolski.pl</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.glosbe.com/eu/pl">«euskara - poloniera hiztegia | Glosbe»</a> <i>eu.glosbe.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <table style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 233px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">Hizkuntza honek bere <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> du: <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="pl:">Bisita ezazu</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polonierazko_literatura" title="Polonierazko literatura">Polonierazko literatura</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236165">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q809" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q809">Q809</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish_language">Polish language</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q809%22">Q809</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX533000">XX533000</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11946267z">11946267z</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11946267z">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120314-8">4120314-8</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85104296">sh85104296</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569134">00569134</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph124318">ph124318</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300389109">300389109</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Polish-language">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q809" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q809">Q809</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish_language">Polish language</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q809%22">Q809</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse" style="clear: both; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 0; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; color: #111; font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 0;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Europako bandera"><img alt="Europako bandera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td> <th width="100%" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: #ccccff"><a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasuneko</a> hizkuntza ofizialak </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Europako bandera"><img alt="Europako bandera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0.5em 1em; background:white"> <p><a href="/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman">Alemana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bulgariera" title="Bulgariera">Bulgariera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Daniera" title="Daniera">Daniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Errumaniera" title="Errumaniera">Errumaniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eslovakiera" title="Eslovakiera">Eslovakiera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Esloveniera" title="Esloveniera">Esloveniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Estoniera" title="Estoniera">Estoniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Finlandiera" title="Finlandiera">Finlandiera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Frantses" title="Frantses">Frantsesa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gaelera" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelera">Gaelera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gaztelania" title="Gaztelania">Gaztelania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">Greziera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hungariera" title="Hungariera">Hungariera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">Ingelesa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Italiera" title="Italiera">Italiera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Letoniera" title="Letoniera">Letoniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lituaniera" title="Lituaniera">Lituaniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maltera" title="Maltera">Maltera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nederlandera" title="Nederlandera">Nederlandera</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poloniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portuges" title="Portuges">Portugesa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suediera" title="Suediera">Suediera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Txekiera" title="Txekiera">Txekiera</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eslaviar_hizkuntzak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Eslaviar_hizkuntzak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi:Eslaviar hizkuntzak (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Eslaviar_hizkuntzak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Eslaviar hizkuntzak (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Eslaviar_hizkuntzak&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eslaviar_hizkuntzak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eslaviar_hizkuntzak" title="Eslaviar hizkuntzak">Eslaviar hizkuntzak</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mendebaldekoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Behe_sorabiera" title="Behe sorabiera">Behe sorabiera</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Eslovakiera" title="Eslovakiera">Eslovakiera</a>  •  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eslovintziera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eslovintziera (sortu gabe)">Eslovintziera</a></i>  •  <a href="/wiki/Goi_sorabiera" class="mw-redirect" title="Goi sorabiera">Goi sorabiera</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Kaxubiera" title="Kaxubiera">Kaxubiera</a>  •  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knaaniera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knaaniera (sortu gabe)">Knaaniera</a></i>  •  <i><a href="/wiki/Polabera" title="Polabera">Polabera</a></i>  •  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poloniera</a>  •  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomeraniera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomeraniera (sortu gabe)">Pomeraniera</a></i>  •  <a href="/wiki/Silesiera" title="Silesiera">Silesiera</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Txekiera" title="Txekiera">Txekiera</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ekialdekoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bielorrusiera" title="Bielorrusiera">Bielorrusiera</a>  •  <i><a href="/wiki/Antzinako_ekialdeko_eslaviera" title="Antzinako ekialdeko eslaviera">Antzinako ekialdeko eslaviera</a></i>  •  <a href="/wiki/Errusiera" title="Errusiera">Errusiera</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Rusiniera" title="Rusiniera">Rusiniera</a>  •  <i><a href="/wiki/Ruteniera" title="Ruteniera">Ruteniera</a></i>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ukrainera" title="Ukrainera">Ukrainera</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hegoaldekoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bulgariera" title="Bulgariera">Bulgariera</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_eliza-eslaviera" title="Antzinako eliza-eslaviera">Antzinako eliza-eslaviera</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Esloveniera" title="Esloveniera">Esloveniera</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Mazedoniera" title="Mazedoniera">Mazedoniera</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Serbokroaziera" title="Serbokroaziera">Serbokroaziera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bosniera" title="Bosniera">bosniera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroaziera" title="Kroaziera">kroaziera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegroera" title="Montenegroera">montenegroera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbiera" title="Serbiera">serbiera</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Letra etzanez:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_hil" title="Hizkuntza hil">hizkuntza hilak</a>. Parentesi artean: parentesiaren ezkerrean dagoen hizkuntzaren <a href="/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto">dialektoak</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See \u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetak\u003E.");});</script><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&oldid=9852441">https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poloniera&oldid=9852441</a>"(e)tik eskuratuta</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Kategoriak" title="Berezi:Kategoriak">Kategoriak</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Poloniera" title="Kategoria:Poloniera">Poloniera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Eslaviar_hizkuntzak" title="Kategoria:Eslaviar hizkuntzak">Eslaviar hizkuntzak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Indoeuropar_hizkuntzak" title="Kategoria:Indoeuropar hizkuntzak">Indoeuropar hizkuntzak</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ezkutuko kategoriak: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Hizkuntza_txantiloia_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Hizkuntza txantiloia duten artikuluak">Hizkuntza txantiloia duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Testuan_poloniera_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Testuan poloniera duten artikuluak">Testuan poloniera duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Erreferentzia_behar_duten_adierazpenak_dauzkaten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Erreferentzia behar duten adierazpenak dauzkaten artikuluak">Erreferentzia behar duten adierazpenak dauzkaten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNE_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNE identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BNE identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNF_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:GND_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:LCCN_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:AAT_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:AAT identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:AAT identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Orriaren azken aldaketa: 17 uztaila 2024, 00:06.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Testua <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu">Creative Commons Aitortu-PartekatuBerdin 4.0 lizentziari</a> jarraituz erabil daiteke; baliteke beste klausularen batzuk ere aplikatu behar izatea. 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