CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c6deedad1440bc',cH: 'Bhu2uZDsf_IlXWAPzhp7rBM06K9hpPYWTDFZGxVJdpc-1741316722-1.2.1.1-AsjKqfYfvsqxpyNLpMhnd9D33kjSkSfeOVxzGBTe0yCO4B9ZWBzaAPs4YKmocZnC',cUPMDTk: "\/3730\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=ECTEPsw_ONJKbPgX.m9F.rHs0ipm7bpalViOOz6.CvE-1741316722-1.0.1.1-zW9zejyr9GnsxYEGy9KM3z3oJ0TTwfG8XAA4Z.lmWpY",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741316722',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/3730\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=ECTEPsw_ONJKbPgX.m9F.rHs0ipm7bpalViOOz6.CvE-1741316722-1.0.1.1-zW9zejyr9GnsxYEGy9KM3z3oJ0TTwfG8XAA4Z.lmWpY",md: "vDqsyAZuJUbxSDKP3vsAZtjGZYqH4DqWKPgsDYOoIEo-1741316722-1.2.1.1-4uNnQ7e2h9rkChIMYaLYf3j7VGwLNNa2iZ2_H8fd7L6EwjL0RoHbNpHygfoO3VR5dTJGOyMAeNzrDM71uezYZlpMYE4ssgjDOrWFjTybDgs_fzmpETacqQsBguT.PP_HZjgvHe_Mi3EBiX14y5.ZFJafs71bgqmOXKmIK4j_iT81w7PLNfI0q95q9Ky9.My2JFmvbB3fuc9qQ3XfrxZd5bj3hb2PESlNsjqrGHiKg61ygnHhcz13Meyjiw06rq4wUMR0JPXvTSbXUVVep0gqo3Fn0JjTAT62mWfpPJz1hxWkSEiSObG4mLbSWF25jHyPfqcIn_vTOSpZ3Qz2LLvTqWtneHvvGxCIGPnnz0XNbd94BWGQPH3KnzJTIWzb53TnRSYb8nCsfdIbWfQYqzc_z1INWoqI7X8akRE.OuB3X12BVqN5lxU0TDV5YPLzOc0zlPogVvjmxUEtWcLQSyYVrfvBfiexTfxvqGDEQIPKIHgB5LKUOO5un9MNKbz4n5QYfG.BSmbDrmZklNbhNQet3TCVIo6hSxAP_zrMIs1Et6pKZkruSeZSiXEq0I1lCrMEos0.n72KeZ9qaueUD.gSlsEIzeLtgrpM0mtceNeURdNDTKSQ6Qg5pqErqSdik4grS2cjaXVNTFZZFzNFL9Ig_pkLvhKE3Yl16Bww8TIxmZyjkB.BmWUI8.Ks3WTkajP9VLxJuhJIgrQvsrZxRlMUh6y9kdiJ_kUFTUwLmamBnXcscfNS7NQxgqIjZipiFnPHuIoAQwlH6veNxovunRcaP5UF0EiQGhqIGtyIzFOOYyJLgUM65ufEprALxu0Z9ZJTjG6Y0H2jCgSl2o8dw0mitAKdYjH7ZV0amPZwwA21fB_KORpZi.f5G6t0DrSnMr2MRxz1Qh_4bh70HH_uzJ4p1GXA0k8ugTvO5FdDwY9s.ITV9A7tnmMSizSAAFxUMSQGkai2iEzg6a3HDgaen2GrQHL8xQ5voWlYAWFzGV_6WxfQ9Z_aWzkdx7EjbYugK85JzIPVHD7a5ghFw0rLNqGV_4_zmkjoJLylg7EAl5T6Nb3rDZdN_R8buyb9mFJmIq2FspuWZ8RqmJ1.FQWXVIpZcgUmAkpm16sbTYq3id3YceYm9y8qjNMCk5M4JeTHtYOdeIWJcXkZaPg4wYODZqgySMxlRxqiizbQlw09GCwgJX.vdpqL7577BuLekB_NTftTff_6Iprxt8lxE9jwsZISyg",mdrd: "em7jxlalOM3OfOdkfrgT.sBwXoX7xUJUkdTh.KgVyWc-1741316722-1.2.1.1-Qq3dIGTWpzmem0Pdre2R3MHZ7nfshqktzSMVg.iviJi3njD7xX8la.fffRY5rPL6KsPy18gzs6NZ71cLjtMsDD_lnZEo1IKIxSSUim4k7kXjQi5juBbZdOufmL1qzmfJCiQrl93gYCpQyTUkAUzcyh7AzfzHlJnCOCoahKEZ2lzoZinffjC4lvk.BRCtqeV9IV4DwJpR8m4pyHGIEbJj.irr2OpeCxKliywJABs_HKyi4RWyc1MyQjCcQT4oBGqMWf.z2lF9DbOLeGJ9oaagMOCPIO4v3el7sQIHILpyPOrwPILow5EMoQ.0AEHNby_QCbp5oFsrQ8IhATqXKyLzZyFcKjWRODBaY6PFb3_Edw8b0VikW1munzULCntUpriIiU7Zzd3nBoqPDV3onvaSreAYEnGey.uP3YWbpon8yefgmNedQDHu1S9pQHQXvSVto9T0PtnBwakVz5OyDPhUFOqtOfasBn9XaVz2_ZYeL968Vmlxnzks1Oo9bCu9MpS54MZyt8mIzBCd_J6TDt_5OexWXUgvvdz9X1EiDeJwVl_5DPgDAZftZd2Sm1110yJpYGmu6kxHj314gELiE0OQYDw4.SRjgoJOBytvEpANtCdcfZ_0EHfDnSF2Jy5SuNNhlwJkXr2KiDVJdlaTJPzjTanVe.sf5.XQUZckFA2XPoP6ykMu.uj_mA_CGm1lUNm50UV_ukyz_q3epfVBuACvPFmJrEtVIiA5Y_K5P3jNq1IM4p1j2HVJyfsAIovzUxG6bk.hFzVLmIFLID5m8vKC9vU3RTr4i_2TUFRhgdeesBlHuqh_ALBN2xwBHOXPRMltw7vIZ23Os91wn8oe4OVD1hiHaTblhnG_ftY4SdCWdV3clYaLGHeEdWFzo1RtvRYrjvb86umTXq_55K.jlCxCJtSTr.WlHm6uTdNAfLXNolOfLsRdEvwMtSkMChM1QD99UessYm8zPGdtic6P5PVCTIgstMrhI92WwEmUyaHgWfADruJd5MQ0Qf86k2k3ka7LSMPXph0DkRb2SNJIqKV0zRQxw2hASGnBwmEd0NQg.o9QzTXEVYtJq4gkRAKCQDpAUSwVrF4LEMQ3_LcfJxwX6sMNRrYzkL1nNKzX9fCfjtjINdnEBThRV8_zUSm2OBQHBlqg6Yz1Uw7Q.JvM0z31WbIIjGvk3KyMM6GenpuCb5nDs2K5vEaKJ8aGbhnW0WGjCeUSU0G6TE0pDQNzYhSDOJklWtB41WqbEhGe69kyXtGIcAtd_Vn9YhtxE0hWuRahqSyrTvMgmbSc.YYUdC4zRK6_6leBXqDq1DWAQG4mqY7jX0GUDprSJuX1V9m9m_.j94yNnpdKR2EFfs.bcqtL_xOb2k4TOa_GgqQpenL0soyY5GYqXSRTKTr0bVrL99xmrVUx9RqJ81C6IJSpcZuYdlHHxaDq7CiU23TQ8012rsFOTt7ycZBp1g2eNEIaa5DqQyMHyQbjQOrDsK03twi0cKW3JEu7pdEWu59j_73Xe0vpcAHA7GubbBkXBcVZdOuo0p3U4JEVs.CkbALv4_LxZnIeRNje1_45mKByZ00F2ZzcKnNGBlaJXvquXae6.Vmks92_.YRQBaOiTgbJeK0kADys99EXeCPuL8SqsRtH4M7XZGqnhBqyWChGJJlJA2HWuv2rOE_3UXcvpuXvm05bfRLAwdoVU.1fjYn3uEQOevQCDRdBhe9QmGz3a.ylvns.Dlzv8J1_UT6rnJWCEhhwX1p2pjZQAbWK5K_KhLMRhQYjWvCxpi6Xi4QKTKoFN0wz0RpZeLxLlDsPM0rI1di2zOnWuvaIHOJBT69YCu_.emugb3j6SW2SMAPMXWjM8YFcLYTDh58oCqykn.ixP7sp9wkkUNDwhCVH6qVACePRqnSngLePNtnd5wn48wrRQIQUBeniXMftB16HCwrcpYE7yCHLqYPFbsmYHGJazw5bFzX0RbKyqYUQ0cjx8qTE8.FvWE08XFIfiOyXNbvz73XGdg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c6deedad1440bc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/3730\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=ECTEPsw_ONJKbPgX.m9F.rHs0ipm7bpalViOOz6.CvE-1741316722-1.0.1.1-zW9zejyr9GnsxYEGy9KM3z3oJ0TTwfG8XAA4Z.lmWpY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>