CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Four Freedoms (Rockwell) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9dc05a8f-e684-41d0-b9da-284a5927b794","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)","wgTitle":"Four Freedoms (Rockwell)","wgCurRevisionId":1256044154,"wgRevisionId":1256044154,"wgArticleId":16805114,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Featured articles","Use mdy dates from August 2016","Pages using infobox artwork with the material parameter","Articles with hAudio microformats","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Commons category link is on Wikidata","1943 in politics","1943 in the United States", "1943 paintings","American propaganda during World War II","Cultural history of World War II","Four Freedoms","Cultural depictions of Franklin D. Roosevelt","Painting series","Paintings by Norman Rockwell","Politics of World War II","United States Department of the Treasury","World War II and the media","Works originally published in The Saturday Evening Post"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)","wgRelevantArticleId":16805114,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true, "watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4543698","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg/1200px-%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1514"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg/800px-%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1009"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg/640px-%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="807"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Four Freedoms (Rockwell) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Four_Freedoms_Rockwell rootpage-Four_Freedoms_Rockwell skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Four+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Four+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Four+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Four+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt's_speech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt's_speech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Franklin Delano Roosevelt's speech </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt's_speech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rockwell_and_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rockwell_and_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Rockwell and World War II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rockwell_and_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Composition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_Bond_Drive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_Bond_Drive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 War Bond Drive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_Bond_Drive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Critical reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provenance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provenance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Provenance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provenance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exhibitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhibitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Exhibitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exhibitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Four Freedoms (Rockwell)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" > 11 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9_(%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84)" title="الحريات الأربع (نورمان روكويل) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحريات الأربع (نورمان روكويل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_(%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84)" title="آزادی‌های چهارگانه (نورمن راکول) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزادی‌های چهارگانه (نورمن راکول)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Quatre_Libert%C3%A9s" title="Les Quatre Libertés – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Les Quatre Libertés" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empat_Kebebasan_(Norman_Rockwell)" title="Empat Kebebasan (Norman Rockwell) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Empat Kebebasan (Norman Rockwell)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Төрт бостандық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Төрт бостандық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD)" title="ഫോർ ഫ്രീഡംസ് (റോക്ക്‌വെൽ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫോർ ഫ്രീഡംസ് (റോക്ക്‌വെൽ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(Norman_Rockwell)" title="Four Freedoms (Norman Rockwell) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Four Freedoms (Norman Rockwell)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB)" title="Четыре свободы (Норман Роквелл) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Четыре свободы (Норман Роквелл)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_(%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Чотири свободи (цикл картин) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чотири свободи (цикл картин)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1_(%E6%B2%B9%E7%95%AB)" title="四大自由 (油畫) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="四大自由 (油畫)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1_(%E6%B2%B9%E7%95%AB)" title="四大自由 (油畫) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="四大自由 (油畫)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4543698#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&oldid=1256044154" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Four_Freedoms_%28Rockwell%29&id=1256044154&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFour_Freedoms_%28Rockwell%29">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFour_Freedoms_%28Rockwell%29">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Four_Freedoms_%28Rockwell%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4543698" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1943 painting series by Norman Rockwell</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width: 22em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Four Freedoms</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center;font-size:100%;line-height:1.25em;margin:auto;width:320px"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:160px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:160px;height:220px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg/160px-%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg/240px-%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg/320px-%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2378" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div style="padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Speech_(painting)" title="Freedom of Speech (painting)">Freedom of Speech</a></div></td><td style="width:160px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:160px;height:220px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Freedom_of_Worship%22_-_NARA_-_513537.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%22Freedom_of_Worship%22_-_NARA_-_513537.jpg/160px-%22Freedom_of_Worship%22_-_NARA_-_513537.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%22Freedom_of_Worship%22_-_NARA_-_513537.jpg/240px-%22Freedom_of_Worship%22_-_NARA_-_513537.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%22Freedom_of_Worship%22_-_NARA_-_513537.jpg/320px-%22Freedom_of_Worship%22_-_NARA_-_513537.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2356" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div style="padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Worship_(painting)" title="Freedom of Worship (painting)">Freedom of Worship</a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:160px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:160px;height:220px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Freedom_From_Want%22_-_NARA_-_513539.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%22Freedom_From_Want%22_-_NARA_-_513539.jpg/160px-%22Freedom_From_Want%22_-_NARA_-_513539.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%22Freedom_From_Want%22_-_NARA_-_513539.jpg/240px-%22Freedom_From_Want%22_-_NARA_-_513539.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%22Freedom_From_Want%22_-_NARA_-_513539.jpg/320px-%22Freedom_From_Want%22_-_NARA_-_513539.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2361" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div style="padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_Want" title="Freedom from Want">Freedom from Want</a></div></td><td style="width:160px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:160px;height:220px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Freedom_from_Fear%22_-_NARA_-_513538.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%22Freedom_from_Fear%22_-_NARA_-_513538.jpg/160px-%22Freedom_from_Fear%22_-_NARA_-_513538.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%22Freedom_from_Fear%22_-_NARA_-_513538.jpg/240px-%22Freedom_from_Fear%22_-_NARA_-_513538.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%22Freedom_from_Fear%22_-_NARA_-_513538.jpg/320px-%22Freedom_from_Fear%22_-_NARA_-_513538.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div style="padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_Fear_(painting)" title="Freedom from Fear (painting)">Freedom from Fear</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="infobox-caption">Four canvas series displayed by date of publication</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Artist</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Year</th><td class="infobox-data">1943</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Medium</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Oil_on_canvas" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil on canvas">Oil on canvas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">Each ≅ 45.75 by 35.5 inches (116.2 by 90.2 cm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell_Museum" title="Norman Rockwell Museum">Norman Rockwell Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockbridge,_Massachusetts" title="Stockbridge, Massachusetts">Stockbridge, Massachusetts</a>, United States</td></tr></tbody></table> The Four Freedoms is a series of four oil paintings made in 1943 by the American artist <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a>. The paintings—<a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Speech_(painting)" title="Freedom of Speech (painting)">Freedom of Speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Worship_(painting)" title="Freedom of Worship (painting)">Freedom of Worship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_Want" title="Freedom from Want">Freedom from Want</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_Fear_(painting)" title="Freedom from Fear (painting)">Freedom from Fear</a>—are each approximately 45.75 by 35.5 inches (116.2 by 90.2 cm),<a href="#cite_note-S221-1">[1]</a> and are now in the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell_Museum" title="Norman Rockwell Museum">Norman Rockwell Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stockbridge,_Massachusetts" title="Stockbridge, Massachusetts">Stockbridge, Massachusetts</a>. The four freedoms refer to President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>'s January 1941 <a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms" title="Four Freedoms">Four Freedoms State of the Union address</a>, in which he identified essential <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> that should be universally protected.<a href="#cite_note-ANRT-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-HaK95-3">[3]</a> The theme was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a>,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and became part of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">Charter of the United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PFRAMtC-6">[6]</a> The paintings were reproduced in <a href="/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post" title="The Saturday Evening Post">The Saturday Evening Post</a> over four consecutive weeks in 1943, alongside essays by prominent thinkers of the day. They became the highlight of a touring exhibition sponsored by The Post and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of the Treasury">U.S. Department of the Treasury</a>. The exhibition and accompanying sales drives of <a href="/wiki/War_bond" title="War bond">war bonds</a> raised over $132 million.<a href="#cite_note-HaK102-7">[7]</a> This series has been the cornerstone of <a href="/wiki/Retrospective" title="Retrospective">retrospective</a> art exhibits presenting the career of Rockwell,<a href="#cite_note-AAaA-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-TW-9">[9]</a> who was the most widely known and popular commercial artist of the mid-20th century, but did not achieve critical acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-ANRT-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> These are among his best-known works,<a href="#cite_note-HaK95-3">[3]</a> and by some accounts became his most widely distributed paintings.<a href="#cite_note-G140-11">[11]</a> At one time they were commonly displayed in post offices, schools, clubs, railroad stations, and a variety of public and semi-public buildings.<a href="#cite_note-G140-11">[11]</a> A critical review of these images, like most of Rockwell's work, has not been entirely positive. Rockwell's idyllic and nostalgic approach to <a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">regionalism</a> made him a popular illustrator but a lightly regarded fine artist during his lifetime,<a href="#cite_note-AAaA-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-NRR-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-AitME-13">[13]</a> a view still prevalent today. However, he has created an enduring niche in the social fabric with Freedom from Want, emblematic of what is now known as the "Norman Rockwell Thanksgiving".<a href="#cite_note-ANRT-2">[2]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt's_speech">Franklin Delano Roosevelt's speech</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Franklin Delano Roosevelt's speech">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:51em; ; color: #202122;background-color: #c6dbf7;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want—which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear—which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world. That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb." </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></cite> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:FDR_in_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Franklin Delano Roosevelt headshot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/FDR_in_1933.jpg/100px-FDR_in_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/FDR_in_1933.jpg/150px-FDR_in_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/FDR_in_1933.jpg/200px-FDR_in_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2488" data-file-height="2928" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:FDR%27s_1941_State_of_the_Union_(Four_Freedoms_speech)_Edit_1.ogg" title="File:FDR's 1941 State of the Union (Four Freedoms speech) Edit 1.ogg">State of the Union (Four Freedoms) (January 6, 1941)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="2175" data-mwtitle="FDR's_1941_State_of_the_Union_(Four_Freedoms_speech)_Edit_1.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/FDR%27s_1941_State_of_the_Union_%28Four_Freedoms_speech%29_Edit_1.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/FDR%27s_1941_State_of_the_Union_%28Four_Freedoms_speech%29_Edit_1.ogg/FDR%27s_1941_State_of_the_Union_%28Four_Freedoms_speech%29_Edit_1.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a>'s January 6, 1941 <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union_address" class="mw-redirect" title="State of the Union address">State of the Union address</a> introducing the theme of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms" title="Four Freedoms">Four Freedoms</a> (starting at 32:02)</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> Throughout his political career, Roosevelt championed the cause of human rights.<a href="#cite_note-PFRAMtC-6">[6]</a> In his annual <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union_address" class="mw-redirect" title="State of the Union address">State of the Union address</a> to Congress on January 6, 1941, which was delivered at a time when <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> occupied much of Western Europe,<a href="#cite_note-FF-15">[15]</a> he asked the American citizens to support war efforts in various ways. He stated his vision of a better future, founded upon four freedoms: "In the future days which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms,"<a href="#cite_note-ANRT-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> some traditional and some new ones: <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of worship">freedom of worship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_want" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom from want">freedom from want</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_fear" title="Freedom from fear">freedom from fear</a>. Roosevelt's January 6 State of the Union address became known as his "Four Freedoms Speech", due to its conclusion that described the President's vision of a worldwide extension of the American ideals of <a href="/wiki/Individual_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual liberty">individual liberties</a> summarized by these four freedoms.<a href="#cite_note-PFRAMtC-6">[6]</a> To put it another way, Roosevelt's speech was known for "identifying the objectives of the war and revealing his hopeful view of the postwar world".<a href="#cite_note-HaK95-3">[3]</a> The speech helped to awaken Congress and the nation to the dire war calling, articulate ideological aims of the necessary armed conflict, and appeal to the universal American belief in freedom.<a href="#cite_note-FF-15">[15]</a> Domestically, the Four Freedoms were not something Roosevelt was able to achieve through simple legislation, although they provided a theme for American military participation in the war.<a href="#cite_note-HaK95-3">[3]</a> Of the Four Freedoms, the only two described in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> were freedom of speech and freedom of worship.<a href="#cite_note-FSP-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rockwell_and_World_War_II">Rockwell and World War II</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rockwell and World War II">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rockwell-Norman-LOC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rockwell-Norman-LOC.jpg/170px-Rockwell-Norman-LOC.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rockwell-Norman-LOC.jpg/255px-Rockwell-Norman-LOC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rockwell-Norman-LOC.jpg/340px-Rockwell-Norman-LOC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1085" data-file-height="1457" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a> (pre-1923)</figcaption></figure> Between 1916 and his December 16, 1963 <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> Memorial cover,<a href="#cite_note-NRMCCLPS-18">[18]</a> Rockwell created 322 magazine <a href="/wiki/Book_cover" title="Book cover">covers</a> for The Saturday Evening Post,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> which was once the most widely read American magazine.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In a pre-electronic era where <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</a> magazine color illustration was the most popular form of media, Rockwell became a national name, and by the 1950s was rivaled only by <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> for his familiarity to the public among visual artists.<a href="#cite_note-AV-22">[22]</a> During World War I, Rockwell had taken a bit of a back seat to more established illustrators under the editorship of <a href="/wiki/George_Horace_Lorimer" title="George Horace Lorimer">George Horace Lorimer</a>, who had died in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-C306-23">[23]</a> Unfettered by Lorimer's restrictions, Rockwell saw the opportunity to illustrate the Four Freedoms as the chance of a lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-C306-23">[23]</a> Rockwell's covers highlighted the human aspect of the American war effort.<a href="#cite_note-NRMCCLPS-18">[18]</a> The illustrations supported the effort by promoting <a href="/wiki/War_bond" title="War bond">war bonds</a> and encouraging women to work and men to enlist. They employed themes of patriotism, longing, shifting gender roles, reunion, love, work, community, and family.<a href="#cite_note-NRWC-24">[24]</a> In his role as a magazine illustrator during times of war, Rockwell draws comparisons to <a href="/wiki/Winslow_Homer" title="Winslow Homer">Winslow Homer</a>, an <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> illustrator for <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AGPitNCTAIaaTfCVH-25">[25]</a> The Four Freedoms had become an important theme for Artists for Victory.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The consortium was one of several artists' organizations that provided the government with promotional artwork for the war.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> It also sponsored exhibits about global peace.<a href="#cite_note-MaM42-28">[28]</a> Rockwell was perceived as apolitical, but advocated "tolerance for differences, courtesy, kindness, and the freedoms that Roosevelt articulated".<a href="#cite_note-C304-29">[29]</a> He believed Roosevelt's freedoms were worth fighting for,<a href="#cite_note-C304-29">[29]</a> and he made numerous artistic contributions to the war efforts apart from the Four Freedoms. He is widely known for his idealized fictional wartime character <a href="/wiki/Willie_Gillis" title="Willie Gillis">Willie Gillis</a> and his depiction of <a href="/wiki/Rosie_the_Riveter" title="Rosie the Riveter">Rosie the Riveter</a>. Some of his other war art is known by name, such as War News and Homecoming Soldier.<a href="#cite_note-MAMPFAIRaHfFEiNH-30">[30]</a> He was responsible for encouraging individual monetary support of the war through posters like the 1943 Hasten the Homecoming.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:18em; ; color: #202122;background-color: #c6dbf7;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "The job was too big for me ... It should have been tackled by Michelangelo." </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a><a href="#cite_note-G140-11">[11]</a></cite> </div> Rockwell's Four Freedoms—Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want, and Freedom from Fear—were first published on February 20, February 27, March 6, and March 13, 1943, along with commissioned essays from leading American writers and historians (<a href="/wiki/Booth_Tarkington" title="Booth Tarkington">Booth Tarkington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Will_Durant" title="Will Durant">Will Durant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bulosan" title="Carlos Bulosan">Carlos Bulosan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Vincent_Ben%C3%A9t" title="Stephen Vincent Benét">Stephen Vincent Benét</a>, respectively).<a href="#cite_note-NRFF-32">[32]</a> They measure 45.75 by 35.5 inches (116.2 by 90.2 cm) except for Freedom of Worship which measures 46.0 by 35.5 inches (116.8 by 90.2 cm).<a href="#cite_note-S221-1">[1]</a> Rockwell used live models for all his paintings.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In 1935, he began using <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a> photographs of these live models extensively,<a href="#cite_note-S19-34">[34]</a> although he did not publicly reveal he did so until 1940.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The use of photography expanded the possibilities for Rockwell who could ask models to pose in positions they could hold only for brief periods of time. He could also produce works from new perspectives and the Four Freedoms represented "low vantage point of Freedom of Speech, to close-up in Freedom of Worship, midrange in Freedom from Fear, and wide angle in Freedom from Want".<a href="#cite_note-S19-34">[34]</a> In 1939, Rockwell moved to <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Vermont" title="Arlington, Vermont">Arlington, Vermont</a>, which was an artist-friendly community that had hosted <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Kent" title="Rockwell Kent">Rockwell Kent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Canfield_Fisher" title="Dorothy Canfield Fisher">Dorothy Canfield Fisher</a>.<a href="#cite_note-S19-34">[34]</a> Of the move from <a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York" title="New Rochelle, New York">New Rochelle, New York</a>, Rockwell said "I was restless ... The town [of New Rochelle] seemed tinged with everything that happened to me". In New Rochelle, he had both endured a divorce and run with a fast crowd.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Artists <a href="/wiki/John_Carlton_Atherton" title="John Carlton Atherton">John Carlton Atherton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mead_Schaeffer" title="Mead Schaeffer">Mead Schaeffer</a>, and George Hughes established residences in Arlington soon after Rockwell. The resident artists, Rockwell included, were mutually supportive and hired local citizens as their amateur models.<a href="#cite_note-S19-34">[34]</a> Using photography and Arlington residents as models, Rockwell was able to capture what he referred to as "human-looking humans", who were generally working-class people, in an hour or so rather than hire professional models for the entire day.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Rockwell paid his models modestly. Rose Hoyt, who was engaged for a total of three photographic sessions for Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Worship, earned $15 (equivalent to $279.71 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-38">[38]</a>) for her sittings.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> When the US entered the war in 1941, it had three agencies responsible for war <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>: The Office of Facts and Figures (OFF), The Division of Information of the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Emergency_Management" title="Office for Emergency Management">Office of Emergency Management</a> (OEM), and the Office of Government Reports (OGR).<a href="#cite_note-HaK95-3">[3]</a> The OFF was responsible for commissioned artwork and for assembling a corps of writers, led by <a href="/wiki/Librarian_of_Congress" title="Librarian of Congress">Librarian of Congress</a> <a href="/wiki/Archibald_MacLeish" title="Archibald MacLeish">Archibald MacLeish</a>. By mid-1942, the Office of War Information determined that despite the efforts of OFF in distributing pamphlets, posters, displays, and other media, only a third of the general public was familiar with Roosevelt's Four Freedoms and at most one in fifty could enumerate them.<a href="#cite_note-HaK95-3">[3]</a> The Four Freedoms had been a "campaign to educate Americans about participation in World War II".<a href="#cite_note-ERIC-40">[40]</a> On May 24, 1942, Rockwell was seeking approval for a poster design at <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> because the Artists Guild had designated that he'd advocate for the U.S. Army Ordnance Department. <a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Patterson" title="Robert P. Patterson">Robert Patterson</a>, who was then United States Undersecretary of War, suggested revisions. On the same day, he visited with Thomas Mabry of the Graphic Division of the War Department's Office of Facts and Figures, which coordinated war-themed posters and <a href="/wiki/Billboard" title="Billboard">billboards</a>. Mabry relayed the need for Four Freedoms artwork.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Rockwell returned home pondering the Atlantic Charter, which had incorporated the Four Freedoms.<a href="#cite_note-S202-42">[42]</a> Rockwell remembered a scene of a local town meeting in which one person spoke out in lone dissent, but was given the floor, and was listened to respectfully, despite his solitary opposition. He was inspired to use this scene to illustrate <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Speech_(painting)" title="Freedom of Speech (painting)">Freedom of Speech</a>, and Rockwell decided to use his <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> neighbors as <a href="/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">models</a> for an inspirational set of posters depicting the themes laid out by Roosevelt the previous year in a Four Freedoms series.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> He spent three days making <a href="/wiki/Charcoal_(art)" title="Charcoal (art)">charcoal</a> sketches of the series,<a href="#cite_note-HaK96-44">[44]</a> which some sources describe as color sketches.<a href="#cite_note-MaM21-45">[45]</a> Rockwell's <a href="/wiki/Patriotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriotic">patriotic</a> gesture was to travel to Washington, D.C., and volunteer his free services to the government for this cause.<a href="#cite_note-MaM21-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-AASfaWP-46">[46]</a> In mid-June, accompanied by Schaeffer, he took four charcoal sketches to Washington, where they stayed at the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Hotel" title="Mayflower Hotel">Mayflower Hotel</a>, as the two sought commissions to design war art.<a href="#cite_note-S202-42">[42]</a> During the trip, Rockwell was asked by the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a> to continue his annual creation of a new painting for their annual calendar by publishing representative Orion Winford.<a href="#cite_note-S202-42">[42]</a> He was unable to hold Patterson's attention during their meeting,<a href="#cite_note-S202-42">[42]</a> so he met with the new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_War_Information" title="United States Office of War Information">Office of War Information</a> (OWI), where he was told "The last war you illustrators did the posters. This war we're going to use fine artists men, real artists."<a href="#cite_note-S203-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-M&M26-48">[48]</a> On his return trip to Vermont with Schaeffer on June 16, they stopped in Philadelphia to meet with new Saturday Evening Post editor Ben Hibbs.<a href="#cite_note-S204-49">[49]</a> Many accounts portray this visit as unplanned, but whether it was is unclear.<a href="#cite_note-C305-50">[50]</a> Hibbs liked Rockwell's Four Freedoms sketches,<a href="#cite_note-HaK96-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-AASfaWP-46">[46]</a> and he gave Rockwell two months to complete the works.<a href="#cite_note-S204-49">[49]</a> A June 24 correspondence from The Post clarified that both Rockwell's and Schaeffer's series would be published.<a href="#cite_note-C305-50">[50]</a> By June 26, The Post's art editor James Yates notified Rockwell of plans for a layout of paintings with an accompanying essay or accompanying essays by President Roosevelt.<a href="#cite_note-S204-49">[49]</a> Rockwell's summer was full of distractions. At one point a Manhattan gastroenterologist prescribed a surgery of uncertain nature, though it was not performed. He had commissions for other magazines and business complications regarding second reproduction rights.<a href="#cite_note-C307-51">[51]</a> He also had his Boy Scout commitment.<a href="#cite_note-C308-52">[52]</a> Under time constraints, Rockwell made every excuse to avoid all other distracting assignments.<a href="#cite_note-S205-53">[53]</a> In October, The Post sent its art editor to Arlington to check on Rockwell's progress.<a href="#cite_note-MaM49-54">[54]</a> At about the same time, despite its Graphics Division chief Francis Brennan's outrage, the OWI began showing signs of renewed interest. In fact, after Rockwell was chosen the entire OWI Writers' Division resigned.<a href="#cite_note-C306-23">[23]</a> The press release associated with the resignation asserted that the OWI was dominated by "high-pressure promoters who prefer slick salesmanship to honest information. These promoters would treat as stupid and reluctant customers the men and women of the United States."<a href="#cite_note-MaM77-55">[55]</a> There was further turmoil in the OWI from a faction supporting work by <a href="/wiki/Ben_Shahn" title="Ben Shahn">Ben Shahn</a>; Shahn's work was not used in propaganda because it lacked general appeal.<a href="#cite_note-HaK100-56">[56]</a> Several artists were commissioned to promote the war, including <a href="/wiki/Jean_Carlu" title="Jean Carlu">Jean Carlu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerard_Hordyke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerard Hordyke (page does not exist)">Gerard Hordyke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ballin" title="Hugo Ballin">Hugo Ballin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Westley_Russell" title="Walter Westley Russell">Walter Russell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MaM42-28">[28]</a> Russell created a <a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_Monument" title="Four Freedoms Monument">Four Freedoms Monument</a> that was eventually dedicated at <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The series took seven months to complete,<a href="#cite_note-S205-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-ILTPP-58">[58]</a> and was finished by year-end.<a href="#cite_note-C309-59">[59]</a> Supposedly, Rockwell lost 10 pounds (4.54 kg) from the assignment.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> As Rockwell was completing the series, he was motivated by news of Allied setbacks, a fact that gives the work a sense of urgency.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Models included a Mrs. Harrington who became the devout old woman in Freedom of Worship and a man named Jim Martin who appears in each painting in the series (most prominently in Freedom from Fear).<a href="#cite_note-ILTPP-58">[58]</a> The intention was to remind America what they were fighting for: freedom of speech and worship, freedom from want and fear.<a href="#cite_note-AASfaWP-46">[46]</a> All the paintings used a muted <a href="/wiki/Palette_(painting)" title="Palette (painting)">palette</a> and are devoid of the <a href="/wiki/Vermilion" title="Vermilion">vermilion</a> Rockwell is known for.<a href="#cite_note-HaK102-7">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:170px;max-width:170px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Shahn_Lidice_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ben_Shahn_Lidice_poster.jpg/166px-Ben_Shahn_Lidice_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ben_Shahn_Lidice_poster.jpg/249px-Ben_Shahn_Lidice_poster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ben_Shahn_Lidice_poster.jpg/332px-Ben_Shahn_Lidice_poster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="796" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Example of a <a href="/wiki/Ben_Shahn" title="Ben Shahn">Ben Shahn</a> poster that was passed over</div></div></div></div></div> Some sources published after Rockwell's death question whether the government was truly as discouraging as Rockwell claimed. They cite an encouraging April 23, 1943 correspondence with Thomas D. Mabry of the OWI (a former executive director of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>).<a href="#cite_note-HaK96-44">[44]</a> At the time, the three government propaganda agencies were disjointed until they were unified under the OWI on June 13, 1942, by a <a href="/wiki/Executive_order_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive order (United States)">Presidential Executive Order</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HaK96-44">[44]</a> Furthermore, the writers' division, led by MacLeish, was under pressure for failing to deliver a message intelligible to people of varying intelligence. Upon completion, Rockwell's works were briefly exhibited at the West Arlington Grange before being delivered to The Post in Philadelphia.<a href="#cite_note-MaM51-62">[62]</a> The series arrived in Philadelphia in January 1943.<a href="#cite_note-MaM59-63">[63]</a> Roosevelt was shown the paintings in early February, and The Post sought Roosevelt's approval for the series of paintings and essays. Roosevelt responded with both a personal letter to Rockwell and an "official" letter of commendation to The Post dated February 10.<a href="#cite_note-MaM60-64">[64]</a> Roosevelt instructed The Post to have the OWI have the essays translated into foreign languages so they could be presented to leaders at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MaM61-65">[65]</a> The Freedoms were published in a series of four full-color, full-page editions, each accompanied by an essay of the same title. The panels were published in successive weeks in the order corresponding to Roosevelt's speech:<a href="#cite_note-MaM61-65">[65]</a> Freedom of Speech (February 20), Freedom of Worship (February 27), Freedom from Want (March 6), and Freedom from Fear (March 13). For the authors of the accompanying essays, Hibbs had numerous options given the number of regular contributors to The Post.<a href="#cite_note-MaM61-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Four-Freedoms-OWI-composite-poster-1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Four-Freedoms-OWI-composite-poster-1943.jpg/220px-Four-Freedoms-OWI-composite-poster-1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Four-Freedoms-OWI-composite-poster-1943.jpg/330px-Four-Freedoms-OWI-composite-poster-1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Four-Freedoms-OWI-composite-poster-1943.jpg/440px-Four-Freedoms-OWI-composite-poster-1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2102" /></a><figcaption>1943 poster showing all four paintings</figcaption></figure> When the series was published, The Saturday Evening Post received millions of <a href="/wiki/Reprint" title="Reprint">reprint</a> requests.<a href="#cite_note-G140-11">[11]</a> They produced 25,000 sets, including both the essays and full-color reproductions of the paintings, sold at cost for $0.25 (equivalent to $4.4 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-38">[38]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> According to Rockwell, the OWI got involved and produced 2.5 million sets of Four Freedoms posters only after the public demanded reprints.<a href="#cite_note-AASfaWP-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-ILTPP-58">[58]</a> By the end of the war, four million posters had been printed.<a href="#cite_note-HaK102-7">[7]</a> Both the Freedom from Fear and Freedom from Want posters had the leading caption "ours … to fight for" and the Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Worship had the leading caption "Buy War Bonds" and the word "Save" before the respective freedom.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> A 1946 <a href="/wiki/Lithograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithograph">lithograph</a> version of the 1943 paintings exists showing all four paintings under the heading "ours … to fight for".<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The Four Freedoms were issued as posters by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a> and as <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamps</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ANRT-2">[2]</a> They were used as commemorative covers for war bonds and postage stamps offered during the War Bond show.<a href="#cite_note-C313-72">[72]</a> The stamps are not to be confused with the February 12, 1943 one-cent Four Freedoms Postage Stamp Issue by another artist.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The Rockwell versions were issued in a set of four fifty-cent stamps in 1994, the 100th anniversary of Rockwell's birth.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Freedom from Want was included as the cover image of the 1946 book Norman Rockwell, Illustrator that was written when Rockwell was "at the height of his fame as America's most popular illustrator".<a href="#cite_note-NRI-75">[75]</a> By 1972, this 1946 publication was in its seventh printing.<a href="#cite_note-NRI-75">[75]</a> Although the paintings were originally intimately connected to Roosevelt and the American cause in World War II, the paintings have now developed an independent iconic identity in <a href="/wiki/Textbook" title="Textbook">textbooks</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Necktie" title="Necktie">ties</a> as well as in the cultural and social fabric.<a href="#cite_note-HaK102-7">[7]</a> By the end of the 20th century, 25 million people bought Rockwell's Four Freedoms prints.<a href="#cite_note-NRR-12">[12]</a> Over time, the series became widely distributed in a poster form and became instrumental in the U. S. Government War Bond Drive. War Bonds are “debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war.”<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Rockwell noted that the series took an emotional toll on him, saying the works were "serious paintings which sucked the energy right out of me like dredges, leaving me dazed and thoroughly weary". His subsequent assignment was to produce the 1943 <a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day" title="April Fools' Day">April Fools' Day</a> cover for The Post, which was much more relaxing.<a href="#cite_note-MaM51-62">[62]</a> Rockwell was solicited for a variety of works following the publication of the Four Freedoms. Massachusetts Representative <a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a> put forth a congressional resolution to declare a fifth freedom: "Freedom of Private Enterprise".<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Bronx Inter-Racial Conference chairman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roderick_Stephens_(activist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roderick Stephens (activist) (page does not exist)">Roderick Stephens</a>, requested Rockwell's services to highlight the need for improved interracial relations in a series that would complement the original Four Freedoms. Rockwell and Stephens communicated, and, over the course of his career, Rockwell did contemplate and depict race relations in several works, but not as a series.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_Bond_Drive">War Bond Drive</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: War Bond Drive">edit</a>]</div> Between 1941 and 1946, the United States Department of the Treasury conducted eight War Loan Drives to promote the sale of war bonds to finance America's World War II efforts. The government used several forms of solicitation, advertising, and marketing, such as <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> exhibits. For the Seventh War Loan Drive, they used direct appeals from all five-star generals and admirals (<a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" class="mw-redirect" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Arnold" title="Henry H. Arnold">Henry H. Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest King">Ernest King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chester_W._Nimitz" title="Chester W. Nimitz">Chester W. Nimitz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_D._Leahy" title="William D. Leahy">William D. Leahy</a>),<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> and used a commemorative bond image of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> in the Eighth War Loan Drive.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The marketing attempts were quite varied even within a single War Loan Drive.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The War Bond Drives were viewed as key in boosting national morale by giving citizens the opportunity to support the war effort. They boosted patriotism and were a good marketing device for drumming up support.<a href="#cite_note-MaM70-83">[83]</a> Not only did celebrities promote the bonds for free, most of the air time and advertising space was donated.<a href="#cite_note-MaM71-84">[84]</a> The first War Loan Drive, known as "The Victory Loan Drive", began in early 1942. It was initiated by Roosevelt and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Jr." title="Henry Morgenthau Jr.">Henry Morgenthau</a> and raised $13 billion.<a href="#cite_note-MaM69-85">[85]</a> Despite its success, only 35% of Americans understood the objectives of the war.<a href="#cite_note-MaM70-83">[83]</a> Between January and April 1943, The Post and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">United States Department of the Treasury</a> collaborated to plan the Second War Bond Drive tour featuring the Four Freedoms beginning at <a href="/wiki/Hecht%27s" title="Hecht's">Hecht's</a> in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-MaM71-84">[84]</a> Thousands of people volunteered to be part of the War Bond Drive and The Post used its resources to promote the tour.<a href="#cite_note-MaM72-86">[86]</a> In 1943, the Saturday Evening Post donated the Four Freedoms to the Second War Loan Drive.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The OWI assumed the lead in marketing the Bond Drive. Using an all-star celebrity roster and the Hollywood Writers Mobilization, they created a March 1943 radio dramatization via their "Free World Theater". The OWI produced and distributed posters of the Four Freedoms to 400,000 retailers via the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts</a> and began receiving 2,000 daily poster requests.<a href="#cite_note-MaM74-88">[88]</a> The tour began on April 26, 1943, at Hecht's.<a href="#cite_note-MaM77-55">[55]</a> Rockwell was present at the debut to make obligatory appearances in front of ambassadors and dignitaries and to sign autographs. In the subsequent days, he sketched people in the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> waiting room using charcoal.<a href="#cite_note-MaM77-55">[55]</a> Due to strained relations with The Post, Secretary Morgenthau did not attend the debut.<a href="#cite_note-MaM78-89">[89]</a> The show ran for eleven days in Washington, D.C., with a wide variety of celebratory festivities,<a href="#cite_note-MaM80-90">[90]</a> such as hourly featured guests and entertainers, chorus performances, and military unit exhibitions.<a href="#cite_note-MaM79-91">[91]</a> The second stop of the tour coincided with the 75th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Strawbridge_and_Clothier" class="mw-redirect" title="Strawbridge and Clothier">Strawbridge and Clothier</a> in Philadelphia. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>, and Durant were among the celebrities on hand.<a href="#cite_note-MaM85-92">[92]</a> The tour arrived at New York City's <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a> on June 4 with festivities that featured <a href="/wiki/Kate_Smith" title="Kate Smith">Kate Smith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MaM85-92">[92]</a> The tour arrived in Boston on June 19 at <a href="/wiki/Filene%27s" title="Filene's">Filene's</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MaM86-93">[93]</a> Subsequent stops included Buffalo (July 12), Rochester, New York (August 2), and Pittsburgh (September 8).<a href="#cite_note-MaM87-94">[94]</a> In the Midwest, the show stopped in Detroit (September 27), Cleveland (October 25) and Chicago (November 11).<a href="#cite_note-MaM88-95">[95]</a> Other stops in the Midwest and West included St. Louis (December 16), New Orleans (January 16, 1944), Dallas (January 27), Los Angeles (February 12), Portland, Oregon (March 27), and Denver (May 1).<a href="#cite_note-MaM90-96">[96]</a> Bond purchasers received full-color reproduction sets.<a href="#cite_note-MaM79-91">[91]</a> During the 16-city tour, which included various celebrities, public officials, and entertainers,<a href="#cite_note-G140-11">[11]</a> approximately 1.2 million people throughout the United States viewed the paintings, which helped to raise $132 million<a href="#cite_note-C313-72">[72]</a> for the war effort though the sale of war bonds. According to <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> in 1945, the Four Freedoms "were received by the public with more enthusiasm, perhaps, than any other paintings in the history of <a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">American art</a>".<a href="#cite_note-HaK102-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-MAMPFAIRaHfFEiNH-30">[30]</a> Rockwell is widely credited with contributing to the success of the war effort.<a href="#cite_note-G140-11">[11]</a> However, Rockwell only took part in the war bond tour when it was convenient for his other interests.<a href="#cite_note-C314-97">[97]</a> He did not travel with the tour which lasted a year.<a href="#cite_note-MaM80-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Critical reception">edit</a>]</div> Rockwell is considered the "quintessential middlebrow American artist" by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kelly_(editor)" title="Michael Kelly (editor)">Michael Kelly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> As an artist he is an <a href="/wiki/Illustrator" title="Illustrator">illustrator</a> rather than a <a href="/wiki/Fine_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine arts">fine arts</a> painter. Although his style is <a href="/wiki/Painterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Painterly">painterly</a>, his work is produced for the purpose of mass reproduction, and it is produced with the intent of delivering a common message to its viewers via a detailed narrative style.<a href="#cite_note-AAaA-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-NRR-12">[12]</a> Furthermore, the vast majority of Rockwell's work was viewed in reproduced format and almost none of his contemporaneous audience ever saw his original work.<a href="#cite_note-AAaA-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-AV-22">[22]</a> Also, Rockwell's style of backwoods <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> small-town <a href="/wiki/Realism_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Realism (visual arts)">realism</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">regionalism</a>, was sometimes viewed as out of step with the oncoming wave of <a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">abstract</a> <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modern art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NRR-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-AitME-13">[13]</a> Some say his realism is so direct that he abstains from using artistic license.<a href="#cite_note-NRR-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Canaday" title="John Canaday">John Canaday</a>, a <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> art critic, once referred to Rockwell as the "Rembrandt of Punkin' Crick" for his aversion to the vices of big city life.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Hickey" title="Dave Hickey">Dave Hickey</a> derided Rockwell for painting without inflection.<a href="#cite_note-NRR-12">[12]</a> Some critics also view his sentimental and nostalgic vision as out of step with the harsh realities of American life, such as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AAaA-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Solomon" title="Deborah Solomon">Deborah Solomon</a> views the works as being "based on lofty civic principles", but rather than dealing with the warring patriots, they present themes with "civic and familial rituals" for "emblematic scenes".<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Post editor Hibbs said the Four Freedoms were an "inspiration ... in the same way that the clock tower of old <a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a>, which I can see from my office window, inspires me."<a href="#cite_note-MaM59-63">[63]</a> Roosevelt wrote to Rockwell "I think you have done a superb job in bringing home to the plain, everyday citizen the plain, everyday truths behind the Four Freedoms ... I congratulate you not alone on the execution but also for the spirit which impelled you to make this contribution to the common cause of a freer, happier world".<a href="#cite_note-MaM60-64">[64]</a> Roosevelt wrote to The Post, "This is the first pictorial representation I have seen of the staunchly American values contained in the rights of free speech and free worship and our goals of freedom from fear and want."<a href="#cite_note-MaM61-65">[65]</a> Roosevelt also wrote of the corresponding essays, "Their words should inspire all who read them with a deeper appreciation of the way of life we are striving to preserve."<a href="#cite_note-MaM61-65">[65]</a> The Four Freedoms are perhaps Rockwell's most famous work.<a href="#cite_note-HaK95-3">[3]</a> Some have said Rockwell's Four Freedoms lack artistic maturity. Others have pointed to the universality of the Freedom of Religion as disconcerting to practitioners of particular faiths.<a href="#cite_note-ILTPP-58">[58]</a> Others complained that he <a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">idealized</a> American life because by depicting wholesome, healthy, and happy sentiments, Rockwell depicted the good that was remembered or wished for, but by avoiding misery, poverty, and social unrest, he failed to demonstrate command of the bad and the ugly parts of American life.<a href="#cite_note-AAaA-8">[8]</a> Rockwell's response to this criticism was, "I paint life as I would like it to be."<a href="#cite_note-AAaA-8">[8]</a> Rockwell made it known that he hoped these would be his masterpieces, but was disappointed.<a href="#cite_note-C313-72">[72]</a> Nonetheless, he was satisfied with the public acceptance of the series and that the series was able to serve such a patriotic purpose.<a href="#cite_note-C314-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laura_Claridge" title="Laura Claridge">Laura Claridge</a> feels he might have achieved his ambition if he had pursued the "quiet small scenes" he later became known for.<a href="#cite_note-C313-72">[72]</a> Although all four images were intended to promote patriotism in a time of war, Freedom from Want, which depicts an elderly couple serving a fat turkey to what looks like a table of happy and eager children and grandchildren, has given the idyllic 'Norman Rockwell <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving</a>' as important a place in the promoting of family togetherness, peace and plenty as <a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Christmas_movies" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallmark Christmas movies">Hallmark movies</a> at Christmas.<a href="#cite_note-ANRT-2">[2]</a> Some say the Four Freedoms were unable to live up to the role of "illustrating grandiose concepts with humble correlatives" because they are too loud.<a href="#cite_note-C313-72">[72]</a> The commercial success of the series was in part because each painting is considered to be a model of understandable art by the general public.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The success of Rockwell's depictions was due to his use of long-standing American cultural values about unity and respect of certain institutions while using symbols that enabled a broad audience to identify with his images.<a href="#cite_note-ERIC-40">[40]</a> This understandability made it one extreme on the scale of artistic complexity when comparing the series to contemporaneous art. It was diametrically opposed to abstract art and far removed from the intrigue of <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/High_Museum_of_Art" title="High Museum of Art">High Museum of Art</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell_Museum" title="Norman Rockwell Museum">Norman Rockwell Museum</a> produced the first comprehensive exhibition of Rockwell's career that started at the High Museum on November 6, 1999, stopped at the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Historical Society">Chicago Historical Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corcoran_Gallery_of_Art" title="Corcoran Gallery of Art">Corcoran Gallery of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Museum of Art">San Diego Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Art_Museum" title="Phoenix Art Museum">Phoenix Art Museum</a>, and Norman Rockwell Museum before concluding at the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum">Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum</a> on February 11, 2002.<a href="#cite_note-TW-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Although there has been a long history of Rockwell detractors, during this Norman Rockwell: Pictures for the American People touring exhibition attendance was record-setting and critical reviews were quite favorable. The nostalgia seemed to cause a bit of revisionism in the art world, according to <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> which said, "What's odd is the show's enthusiastic reception by the art world, which in a lather of revisionism is falling all over itself to embrace what it once reviled: the comfy, folksy narrative visions of a self-deprecating illustrator  ..."<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Some found Rockwell's presentation somewhat patronizing, but most were satisfied. The New Yorker remarked two years later: "They were received by the public with more enthusiasm, perhaps, than any other paintings in the history of American Art".<a href="#cite_note-C313-72">[72]</a> Claridge notes that the series is an example in which the sum is greater than its parts. She notes the inspiration comes in part from their cumulative "heft".<a href="#cite_note-C313-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provenance">Provenance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Provenance">edit</a>]</div> Following the 1943–44 War Bond Show, the Four Freedoms toured the country further by train in a specially-designed car. Through the 1950s the Four Freedoms hung in Hibbs' offices at The Post. Hibbs retired in 1961 and by the time The Post was discontinued in 1969, Rockwell regained possession of the original paintings.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Norman Rockwell <a href="/wiki/Bequest" class="mw-redirect" title="Bequest">bequeathed</a> his personal collection in <a href="/wiki/Trust_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Trust law">trust</a> to the Norman Rockwell Museum in 1973 for the "advancement of art appreciation and <a href="/wiki/Art_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Art education">art education</a>".<a href="#cite_note-C-106">[106]</a> This collection included the Four Freedoms paintings.<a href="#cite_note-C-106">[106]</a> The works remained on exhibit at "The Norman Rockwell Museum at The Old Corner House" for nearly 25 years.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In 1993, when the Rockwell Museum moved from its original location, the Four Freedoms were displayed in the new museum's central gallery.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Four Freedoms remain in the collection of the Museum.<a href="#cite_note-C-106">[106]</a> In 2011, the Williamstown Art Conservation Center did some work on the Four Freedoms, including reducing exposure to various elements and preventing further wear.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freedom_of_expression,_of_religion,_from_want,_from_fear_everywhere_in_the_world_LCCN98517353.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Freedom_of_expression%2C_of_religion%2C_from_want%2C_from_fear_everywhere_in_the_world_LCCN98517353.jpg/220px-Freedom_of_expression%2C_of_religion%2C_from_want%2C_from_fear_everywhere_in_the_world_LCCN98517353.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Freedom_of_expression%2C_of_religion%2C_from_want%2C_from_fear_everywhere_in_the_world_LCCN98517353.jpg/330px-Freedom_of_expression%2C_of_religion%2C_from_want%2C_from_fear_everywhere_in_the_world_LCCN98517353.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Freedom_of_expression%2C_of_religion%2C_from_want%2C_from_fear_everywhere_in_the_world_LCCN98517353.jpg/440px-Freedom_of_expression%2C_of_religion%2C_from_want%2C_from_fear_everywhere_in_the_world_LCCN98517353.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2460" data-file-height="3145" /></a><figcaption>Poster promoting Roosevelt's Four Freedoms (1941)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Exhibitions">edit</a>]</div> The Four Freedoms were widely exhibited as part of the sixteen-city Second War Loan Drive in 1943 and have subsequently been part of other tours and exhibitions.<a href="#cite_note-MAMPFAIRaHfFEiNH-30">[30]</a> They were a highlight of the first comprehensive Rockwell touring exhibition, entitled Norman Rockwell: Pictures for the American People, which was a seven-city tour that ran from November 1999 until February 2002.<a href="#cite_note-TW-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-NRR-12">[12]</a> They returned to the Corcoran Gallery of Art, which had been part of the Pictures for the American People tour, for an exhibition in association with the <a href="/wiki/National_World_War_II_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="National World War II Memorial">National World War II Memorial</a> grand opening in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In addition to being included in various tours, the Four Freedoms were the subject of a 144-page book in 1993, the fiftieth anniversary of their production.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In addition to exhibitions of the Four Freedoms by Rockwell, there have been tribute exhibitions of works by other artists depicting these themes. For example, in 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wolfsonian-FIU" title="Wolfsonian-FIU">Wolfsonian</a> museum at <a href="/wiki/Florida_International_University" title="Florida International University">Florida International University</a>, 60 artists exhibited 80 works that represented their takes on the Four Freedoms.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Other artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kinkade" title="Thomas Kinkade">Thomas Kinkade</a>, have found individual inspiration in Rockwell's patriotic works, resulting in their own works using different symbols to present similar themes.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-S221-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S221_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S221_1-1">b</a> Schick, p. 221. </li> <li id="cite_note-ANRT-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ANRT_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANRT_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANRT_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANRT_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANRT_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANRT_2-5">f</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRosenkrantz,_Linda2006" class="citation web cs1">Rosenkrantz, Linda (November 13, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080622025033/http://www.cantonrep.com/index.php?ID=318935">"A Norman Rockwell Thanksgiving"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Repository" title="The Repository">The Repository</a>. Canton, Ohio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cantonrep.com/index.php?ID=318935">the original</a> on June 22, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Repository&rft.atitle=A+Norman+Rockwell+Thanksgiving&rft.date=2006-11-13&rft.au=Rosenkrantz%2C+Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cantonrep.com%2Findex.php%3FID%3D318935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HaK95-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HaK95_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK95_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK95_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK95_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK95_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK95_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK95_3-6">g</a> Hennessey and Knutson, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd,_Kirk2012" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, Kirk (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7VjcHPR2lfcC&pg=PA49">2048: Humanity's Agreement to Live Together</a>. ReadHowYouWant. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4596-2515-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4596-2515-0"><bdi>978-1-4596-2515-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2048%3A+Humanity%27s+Agreement+to+Live+Together&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=ReadHowYouWant&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4596-2515-0&rft.au=Boyd%2C+Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7VjcHPR2lfcC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKern,_Gary2007" class="citation book cs1">Kern, Gary (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mhhecYMgUNsC&pg=PA287">The Kravchenko Case: One Man's War on Stalin</a>. Enigma Books. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-929631-73-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-929631-73-5"><bdi>978-1-929631-73-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kravchenko+Case%3A+One+Man%27s+War+on+Stalin&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=Enigma+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-929631-73-5&rft.au=Kern%2C+Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmhhecYMgUNsC%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PFRAMtC-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PFRAMtC_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PFRAMtC_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PFRAMtC_6-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=70">"President Franklin Roosevelt's Annual Message (Four Freedoms) to Congress (1941)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a>. Retrieved March 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Franklin+Roosevelt%27s+Annual+Message+%28Four+Freedoms%29+to+Congress+%281941%29&rft.pub=National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourdocuments.gov%2Fdoc.php%3Fflash%3Dfalse%26doc%3D70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HaK102-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HaK102_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK102_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK102_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK102_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK102_7-4">e</a> Hennessey and Knutson, p. 102. </li> <li id="cite_note-AAaA-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAaA_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAaA_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAaA_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAaA_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAaA_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAaA_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAaA_8-6">g</a> Wright, pp. 122–123. </li> <li id="cite_note-TW-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TW_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TW_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TW_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Gelder,_Lawrence2000" class="citation news cs1">Van Gelder, Lawrence (June 12, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/12/arts/this-week.html">"This Week"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved April 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=This+Week&rft.date=2000-06-12&rft.au=Van+Gelder%2C+Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F06%2F12%2Farts%2Fthis-week.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Collins, Welchman, Chandler, and Anfam, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-G140-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G140_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-G140_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-G140_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-G140_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-G140_11-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-G140_11-5">f</a> Guptill, p. 140. </li> <li id="cite_note-NRR-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NRR_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRR_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRR_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRR_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRR_12-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRR_12-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRR_12-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlagens,_Peter1999" class="citation web cs1">Plagens, Peter (November 15, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/id/90208">"Norman Rockwell Revisited"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. Retrieved April 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Norman+Rockwell+Revisited&rft.date=1999-11-15&rft.au=Plagens%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fid%2F90208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AitME-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AitME_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AitME_13-1">b</a> Dempsey, p. 165. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Congressional Record, 1941, Vol. 87, Pt. I. according to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/workbook/ralprs36b.htm">"The "Four Freedoms" Franklin D. Roosevelt's Address to Congress January 6, 1941, Chapter 36"</a>. W. W. Norton Publishing. February 4, 1997. Retrieved December 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%22Four+Freedoms%22+Franklin+D.+Roosevelt%27s+Address+to+Congress+January+6%2C+1941%2C+Chapter+36&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+Publishing&rft.date=1997-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwnorton.com%2Fcollege%2Fhistory%2Fralph%2Fworkbook%2Fralprs36b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FF-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FF_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FF_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/powers_of_persuasion/four_freedoms/four_freedoms.html">"Four Freedoms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a>. Retrieved December 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Four+Freedoms&rft.pub=National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fexhibits%2Fpowers_of_persuasion%2Ffour_freedoms%2Ffour_freedoms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFins,_Joseph_J.2008" class="citation web cs1">Fins, Joseph J. (February 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180815055321/https://www.thehastingscenter.org/from-four-freedoms-to-four-challenges/">"From Four Freedoms to Four Challenges"</a>. The Hastings Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehastingscenter.org/from-four-freedoms-to-four-challenges">the original</a> on August 15, 2018. Retrieved April 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Four+Freedoms+to+Four+Challenges&rft.pub=The+Hastings+Center&rft.date=2008-02-08&rft.au=Fins%2C+Joseph+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehastingscenter.org%2Ffrom-four-freedoms-to-four-challenges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FSP-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FSP_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole,_Bruce2009" class="citation web cs1">Cole, Bruce (October 10, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229175211/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970203440104574406903628933162">"Free Speech Personified: Norman Rockwell's inspiring and enduring painting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970203440104574406903628933162">the original</a> on December 29, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Free+Speech+Personified%3A+Norman+Rockwell%27s+inspiring+and+enduring+painting&rft.date=2009-10-10&rft.au=Cole%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052970203440104574406903628933162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRMCCLPS-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NRMCCLPS_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRMCCLPS_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.best-norman-rockwell-art.com/norman-rockwell-magazine-cover-list-1940-1980.html">"Norman Rockwell Magazine Covers Complete List – Part Six: 1940 to 1980"</a>. Best Norman Rockwell Art.com. Retrieved April 11, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norman+Rockwell+Magazine+Covers+Complete+List+%E2%80%93+Part+Six%3A+1940+to+1980&rft.pub=Best+Norman+Rockwell+Art.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.best-norman-rockwell-art.com%2Fnorman-rockwell-magazine-cover-list-1940-1980.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Hennessey and Knutson, p. 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cjr.org/the_kicker/and_thats_the_way_it_was_febru_7.php">"And that's the way it was: February 20, 1943"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a>. February 20, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Journalism+Review&rft.atitle=And+that%27s+the+way+it+was%3A+February+20%2C+1943&rft.date=2013-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cjr.org%2Fthe_kicker%2Fand_thats_the_way_it_was_febru_7.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiStefano,_Joseph_N.2012" class="citation web cs1">DiStefano, Joseph N. (December 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927155955/http://articles.philly.com/2012-12-20/business/35914743_1_post-new-editor-curtis-center">"PhillyDeals: Saturday Evening Post plans return to Phila"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Inquirer" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Inquirer">Philadelphia Inquirer</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.philly.com/2012-12-20/business/35914743_1_post-new-editor-curtis-center">the original</a> on September 27, 2013. Retrieved January 14, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=PhillyDeals%3A+Saturday+Evening+Post+plans+return+to+Phila.&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft.au=DiStefano%2C+Joseph+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.philly.com%2F2012-12-20%2Fbusiness%2F35914743_1_post-new-editor-curtis-center&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AV-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AV_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AV_22-1">b</a> Hughes, pp. 508–509. </li> <li id="cite_note-C306-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C306_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C306_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C306_23-2">c</a> Claridge, p. 306. </li> <li id="cite_note-NRWC-24"><a href="#cite_ref-NRWC_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080309020644/http://www.philadelphiahistory.org/akm/press/photo/?action=viewPressRelease&id=e37709b0b7b228315ffd0c71ec17c9c3">"Norman Rockwell's Wartime Covers"</a> (Press release). Atwater Kent Museum of Philadelphia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philadelphiahistory.org/akm/press/photo/?action=viewPressRelease&id=e37709b0b7b228315ffd0c71ec17c9c3">the original</a> on March 9, 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norman+Rockwell%27s+Wartime+Covers&rft.pub=Atwater+Kent+Museum+of+Philadelphia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philadelphiahistory.org%2Fakm%2Fpress%2Fphoto%2F%3Faction%3DviewPressRelease%26id%3De37709b0b7b228315ffd0c71ec17c9c3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AGPitNCTAIaaTfCVH-25"><a href="#cite_ref-AGPitNCTAIaaTfCVH_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoucher,_Justin_M." class="citation web cs1">Boucher, Justin M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/2004/3/04.03.01.x.html">"American Genre Painting in the Nineteenth Century: Teaching Artistic Interpretation as a Tool for Critically Viewing History"</a>. Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. Retrieved April 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Genre+Painting+in+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+Teaching+Artistic+Interpretation+as+a+Tool+for+Critically+Viewing+History&rft.pub=Yale-New+Haven+Teachers+Institute&rft.au=Boucher%2C+Justin+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Fynhti%2Fcurriculum%2Funits%2F2004%2F3%2F04.03.01.x.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM42-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM42_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM42_28-1">b</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-C304-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C304_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C304_29-1">b</a> Claridge, p. 304. </li> <li id="cite_note-MAMPFAIRaHfFEiNH-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MAMPFAIRaHfFEiNH_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MAMPFAIRaHfFEiNH_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MAMPFAIRaHfFEiNH_30-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415050514/http://www.michenermuseum.org/press/?item=2007-08-08">"Michener Art Museum Pairs Famed American Illustrators Rockwell and Hargens for Fall Exhibitions in New Hope"</a> (Press release). The James A. Michener Art Museum. August 8, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michenermuseum.org/press/?item=2007-08-08">the original</a> on April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michener+Art+Museum+Pairs+Famed+American+Illustrators+Rockwell+and+Hargens+for+Fall+Exhibitions+in+New+Hope&rft.pub=The+James+A.+Michener+Art+Museum&rft.date=2007-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michenermuseum.org%2Fpress%2F%3Fitem%3D2007-08-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Sustaining Vision, pp. 178–179. </li> <li id="cite_note-NRFF-32"><a href="#cite_ref-NRFF_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070814161913/http://www.countrymanpress.com/titles/NormanRockwellsFourFreedoms.html">"Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms"</a>. The Countryman Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countrymanpress.com/titles/NormanRockwellsFourFreedoms.html">the original</a> on August 14, 2007. Retrieved April 11, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norman+Rockwell%27s+Four+Freedoms&rft.pub=The+Countryman+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.countrymanpress.com%2Ftitles%2FNormanRockwellsFourFreedoms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Schick, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-S19-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S19_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S19_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S19_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S19_34-3">d</a> Schick, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Schick, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Schick, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_38-1">b</a> 1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf">How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf">How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a>. Retrieved February 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-ERIC-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ERIC_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ERIC_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED202064&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED202064">"FDR's 'Four Freedoms' Campaign: The Rhetorical Contribution of Norman Rockwell's Posters"</a>. Education Resource Information Center. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">United States Department of Education</a>. Retrieved April 12, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Education+Resource+Information+Center&rft.atitle=FDR%27s+%27Four+Freedoms%27+Campaign%3A+The+Rhetorical+Contribution+of+Norman+Rockwell%27s+Posters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eric.ed.gov%2FERICWebPortal%2Fcustom%2Fportlets%2FrecordDetails%2Fdetailmini.jsp%3F_nfpb%3Dtrue%26_%26ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0%3DED202064%26ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0%3Dno%26accno%3DED202064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Solomon, p. 201. </li> <li id="cite_note-S202-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S202_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S202_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S202_42-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S202_42-3">d</a> Solomon, p. 202. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070720223914/http://www.nrm.org/page96">"Norman Rockwell in the 1940s: A View of the American Homefront"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell_Museum" title="Norman Rockwell Museum">Norman Rockwell Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrm.org/page96">the original</a> on July 20, 2007. Retrieved April 12, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norman+Rockwell+in+the+1940s%3A+A+View+of+the+American+Homefront&rft.pub=Norman+Rockwell+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrm.org%2Fpage96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HaK96-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HaK96_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK96_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK96_44-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaK96_44-3">d</a> Hennessey and Knutson, p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM21-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM21_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM21_45-1">b</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-AASfaWP-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AASfaWP_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AASfaWP_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AASfaWP_46-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AASfaWP_46-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarling,_Karal_Ann2001" class="citation news cs1">Marling, Karal Ann (October 14, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415212052/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9806E5D91E3CF937A25753C1A9679C8B63">"Art/Architecture; Salve for a Wounded People"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9806E5D91E3CF937A25753C1A9679C8B63">the original</a> on April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Art%2FArchitecture%3B+Salve+for+a+Wounded+People&rft.date=2001-10-14&rft.au=Marling%2C+Karal+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9806E5D91E3CF937A25753C1A9679C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-S203-47"><a href="#cite_ref-S203_47-0">^</a> Solomon, p. 203. </li> <li id="cite_note-M&M26-48"><a href="#cite_ref-M&M26_48-0">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-S204-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S204_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S204_49-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S204_49-2">c</a> Solomon, p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-C305-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C305_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C305_50-1">b</a> Claridge, p. 305. </li> <li id="cite_note-C307-51"><a href="#cite_ref-C307_51-0">^</a> Claridge, p. 307. </li> <li id="cite_note-C308-52"><a href="#cite_ref-C308_52-0">^</a> Claridge, p. 308. </li> <li id="cite_note-S205-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S205_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S205_53-1">b</a> Solomon, p. 205. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM49-54"><a href="#cite_ref-MaM49_54-0">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 49. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM77-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM77_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM77_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM77_55-2">c</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-HaK100-56"><a href="#cite_ref-HaK100_56-0">^</a> Hennessey and Knutson, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInazu,_John_D.2012" class="citation book cs1">Inazu, John D. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e7FD0Qfub9MC&pg=PP71">Liberty's Refuge: The Forgotten Freedom of Assembly</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17315-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17315-4"><bdi>978-0-300-17315-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberty%27s+Refuge%3A+The+Forgotten+Freedom+of+Assembly&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-300-17315-4&rft.au=Inazu%2C+John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De7FD0Qfub9MC%26pg%3DPP71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ILTPP-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ILTPP_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ILTPP_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ILTPP_58-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ILTPP_58-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070716104913/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,766759,00.html">"I Like To Please People"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. June 21, 1943. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,766759,00.html">the original</a> on July 16, 2007. Retrieved April 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=I+Like+To+Please+People&rft.date=1943-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C766759%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-C309-59"><a href="#cite_ref-C309_59-0">^</a> Claridge, p. 309. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Guptill (first), p. xxviii. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM51-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM51_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM51_62-1">b</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM59-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM59_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM59_63-1">b</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM60-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM60_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM60_64-1">b</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM61-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM61_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM61_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM61_65-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM61_65-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM61_65-4">e</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nh.gov/nhsl/ww2/ww06.html">"Ours to fight for–freedom from want"</a>. Unifying a Nation: World War II Posters from the New Hampshire State Library. New Hampshire State Library. Retrieved December 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unifying+a+Nation%3A+World+War+II+Posters+from+the+New+Hampshire+State+Library&rft.atitle=Ours+to+fight+for%E2%80%93freedom+from+want&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nh.gov%2Fnhsl%2Fww2%2Fww06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nh.gov/nhsl/ww2/ww05.html">"Ours to fight for–freedom from fear"</a>. Unifying a Nation: World War II Posters from the New Hampshire State Library. New Hampshire State Library. Retrieved December 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unifying+a+Nation%3A+World+War+II+Posters+from+the+New+Hampshire+State+Library&rft.atitle=Ours+to+fight+for%E2%80%93freedom+from+fear&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nh.gov%2Fnhsl%2Fww2%2Fww05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nh.gov/nhsl/ww2/ww04.html">"Save freedom of speech"</a>. Unifying a Nation: World War II Posters from the New Hampshire State Library. New Hampshire State Library. Retrieved December 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unifying+a+Nation%3A+World+War+II+Posters+from+the+New+Hampshire+State+Library&rft.atitle=Save+freedom+of+speech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nh.gov%2Fnhsl%2Fww2%2Fww04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nh.gov/nhsl/ww2/ww03.html">"Save freedom of worship"</a>. Unifying a Nation: World War II Posters from the New Hampshire State Library. New Hampshire State Library. Retrieved December 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unifying+a+Nation%3A+World+War+II+Posters+from+the+New+Hampshire+State+Library&rft.atitle=Save+freedom+of+worship&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nh.gov%2Fnhsl%2Fww2%2Fww03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm142.html">"Rockwell's Four Freedoms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. April 9, 2003. Retrieved December 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rockwell%27s+Four+Freedoms&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2003-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fexhibits%2Ftreasures%2Ftrm142.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-C313-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C313_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C313_72-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C313_72-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C313_72-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C313_72-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C313_72-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C313_72-6">g</a> Claridge, p. 313. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeggs,_Philip_B.,_Howard_E._Paine2000" class="citation book cs1">Meggs, Philip B., Howard E. Paine; et al. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zQMJAQAAMAAJ&q=one-cent+%22four+freedoms%22+stamps">Pushing the envelope: the art of the postage stamp</a>. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell_Museum" title="Norman Rockwell Museum">Norman Rockwell Museum</a>. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001BHDYPY">B001BHDYPY</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pushing+the+envelope%3A+the+art+of+the+postage+stamp&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Norman+Rockwell+Museum&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB001BHDYPY%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.au=Meggs%2C+Philip+B.%2C+Howard+E.+Paine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzQMJAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Done-cent%2B%2522four%2Bfreedoms%2522%2Bstamps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKronish,_Syd1994" class="citation web cs1">Kronish, Syd (August 19, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116134759/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/370929/5-US-STAMPS-HONOR-ARTIST-NORMAN-ROCKWELL-100-YEARS-AFTER-HIS-BIRTH.html?pg=all">"5 U.S. Stamps Honor Artist Norman Rockwell 100 Years After His Birth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/370929/5-US-STAMPS-HONOR-ARTIST-NORMAN-ROCKWELL-100-YEARS-AFTER-HIS-BIRTH.html?pg=all">the original</a> on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=5+U.S.+Stamps+Honor+Artist+Norman+Rockwell+100+Years+After+His+Birth&rft.date=1994-08-19&rft.au=Kronish%2C+Syd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F370929%2F5-US-STAMPS-HONOR-ARTIST-NORMAN-ROCKWELL-100-YEARS-AFTER-HIS-BIRTH.html%3Fpg%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRI-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NRI_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRI_75-1">b</a> Guptill, pp. vi, 140–149. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/war-finance">"War finance"</a>. Britannica. Retrieved January 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=War+finance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fwar-finance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090811003309/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775640,00.html">"For a United People"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. May 28, 1945. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775640,00.html">the original</a> on August 11, 2009. Retrieved December 19, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=For+a+United+People&rft.date=1945-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C775640%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090516034916/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,852208,00.html">"Mission: Bond Sales"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. May 21, 1945. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,852208,00.html">the original</a> on May 16, 2009. Retrieved December 19, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Mission%3A+Bond+Sales&rft.date=1945-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C852208%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090811003314/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775696,00.html">"Just Deserts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. May 28, 1945. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775696,00.html">the original</a> on August 11, 2009. Retrieved December 19, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Just+Deserts&rft.date=1945-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C775696%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081214160031/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,932136,00.html">"The Carrot, the Stick"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. October 4, 1943. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,932136,00.html">the original</a> on December 14, 2008. Retrieved December 19, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Carrot%2C+the+Stick&rft.date=1943-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C932136%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM70-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM70_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM70_83-1">b</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM71-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM71_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM71_84-1">b</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM69-85"><a href="#cite_ref-MaM69_85-0">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM72-86"><a href="#cite_ref-MaM72_86-0">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080419115703/http://www.rosietheriveter.org/painting.htm">"Rockwell's Rosie the Riveter Painting Auctioned"</a>. RosieTheRiveter.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rosietheriveter.org/painting.htm">the original</a> on April 19, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rockwell%27s+Rosie+the+Riveter+Painting+Auctioned&rft.pub=RosieTheRiveter.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosietheriveter.org%2Fpainting.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM74-88"><a href="#cite_ref-MaM74_88-0">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM78-89"><a href="#cite_ref-MaM78_89-0">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM80-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM80_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM80_90-1">b</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM79-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM79_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM79_91-1">b</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM85-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaM85_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaM85_92-1">b</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM86-93"><a href="#cite_ref-MaM86_93-0">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM87-94"><a href="#cite_ref-MaM87_94-0">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 87. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM88-95"><a href="#cite_ref-MaM88_95-0">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-MaM90-96"><a href="#cite_ref-MaM90_96-0">^</a> Murray and McCabe, pp. 90–91. </li> <li id="cite_note-C314-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C314_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C314_97-1">b</a> Claridge, p. 314. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly,_Michael1992" class="citation news cs1">Kelly, Michael (July 12, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEEDE1139F931A25754C0A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=4">"The Candidates as Culture Vultures"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved April 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Candidates+as+Culture+Vultures&rft.date=1992-07-12&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E0CEEDE1139F931A25754C0A964958260%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanaday,_John1972" class="citation news cs1">Canaday, John (March 23, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1972/03/23/80786398.pdf">"Rockwell Retrospective in Brooklyn"</a> (PDF, subscription required). <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved December 19, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rockwell+Retrospective+in+Brooklyn&rft.date=1972-03-23&rft.au=Canaday%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1972%2F03%2F23%2F80786398.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon,_Deborah2013" class="citation news cs1">Solomon, Deborah (November 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/03/travel/norman-rockwells-new-england.html">"Norman Rockwell's New England"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved January 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Norman+Rockwell%27s+New+England&rft.date=2013-11-01&rft.au=Solomon%2C+Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F11%2F03%2Ftravel%2Fnorman-rockwells-new-england.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090811003324/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,779887,00.html?promoid=googlep">"Docents' Duties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. June 28, 1948. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,779887,00.html?promoid=googlep">the original</a> on August 11, 2009. Retrieved April 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Docents%27+Duties&rft.date=1948-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C779887%2C00.html%3Fpromoid%3Dgooglep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090811003319/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775761,00.html">"The U.S. & the United Nations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. June 4, 1945. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775761,00.html">the original</a> on August 11, 2009. Retrieved April 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+%26+the+United+Nations&rft.date=1945-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C775761%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Hennessey and Knutson, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen,_Penelope2001" class="citation news cs1">Green, Penelope (October 28, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B06EFDC1131F93BA15753C1A9679C8B63">"Mirror, Mirror; Rockwell, Irony-Free"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved April 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mirror%2C+Mirror%3B+Rockwell%2C+Irony-Free&rft.date=2001-10-28&rft.au=Green%2C+Penelope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9B06EFDC1131F93BA15753C1A9679C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-C-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C_106-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C_106-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630081651/http://www.nrm.org/page31">"Collections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell_Museum" title="Norman Rockwell Museum">Norman Rockwell Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrm.org/page31">the original</a> on June 30, 2007. Retrieved April 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collections&rft.pub=Norman+Rockwell+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrm.org%2Fpage31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Murray and McCabe, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimes,_William1993" class="citation news cs1">Grimes, William (June 13, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE2DA1131F930A25755C0A965958260&scp=5&sq=%22Four+Freedoms%22+Rockwell&st=nyt">"On Picture-Perfect Day, a Norman Rockwell Museum Opens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved April 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+Picture-Perfect+Day%2C+a+Norman+Rockwell+Museum+Opens&rft.date=1993-06-13&rft.au=Grimes%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9F0CE2DA1131F930A25755C0A965958260%26scp%3D5%26sq%3D%2522Four%2BFreedoms%2522%2BRockwell%26st%3Dnyt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrm.org/2012/09/protecting-the-four-freedoms-literally-with-new-acrylic-glazing/">"Norman Rockwell Museum Protects The Four Freedoms (Literally) with New Acrylic Glazing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell_Museum" title="Norman Rockwell Museum">Norman Rockwell Museum</a>. September 6, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norman+Rockwell+Museum+Protects+The+Four+Freedoms+%28Literally%29+with+New+Acrylic+Glazing&rft.pub=Norman+Rockwell+Museum&rft.date=2012-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrm.org%2F2012%2F09%2Fprotecting-the-four-freedoms-literally-with-new-acrylic-glazing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVangelova,_Luba2004" class="citation news cs1">Vangelova, Luba (March 28, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05E1DE1630F93BA15750C0A9629C8B63&scp=6&sq=%22Four+Freedoms%22+Rockwell&st=nyt">"Travel advisory; A Monument Rises on the Mall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved April 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Travel+advisory%3B+A+Monument+Rises+on+the+Mall&rft.date=2004-03-28&rft.au=Vangelova%2C+Luba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9D05E1DE1630F93BA15750C0A9629C8B63%26scp%3D6%26sq%3D%2522Four%2BFreedoms%2522%2BRockwell%26st%3Dnyt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiasky,_Jeff1998" class="citation web cs1">Piasky, Jeff, ed. (October 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoutingmagazine.org/issues/9810/d-news.html">"News Briefs"</a>. Scouting Magazine. <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a>. Retrieved April 11, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scouting+Magazine&rft.atitle=News+Briefs&rft.date=1998-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoutingmagazine.org%2Fissues%2F9810%2Fd-news.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCave,_Damien2008" class="citation news cs1">Cave, Damien (July 9, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/09/arts/design/09rock.html">"Rockwell Re-enlisted for a Nation's Darker Mood"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved January 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rockwell+Re-enlisted+for+a+Nation%27s+Darker+Mood&rft.date=2008-07-09&rft.au=Cave%2C+Damien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F09%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F09rock.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoylan,_Alexis_L.2011" class="citation book cs1">Boylan, Alexis L. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OZIiVvxIuBEC&pg=PA76">Thomas Kinkade: The Artist in the Mall</a>. Duke University Press Books. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4852-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4852-8"><bdi>978-0-8223-4852-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Kinkade%3A+The+Artist+in+the+Mall&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-4852-8&rft.au=Boylan%2C+Alexis+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOZIiVvxIuBEC%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Four Freedoms (Rockwell)">Four Freedoms (Rockwell)</a>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaridge2001" class="citation book cs1">Claridge, Laura (2001). "21: The Big Ideas". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/normanrockwellli0000clar">Norman Rockwell: A Life</a>. Random House. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/normanrockwellli0000clar/page/303">303</a>–314. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-50453-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-50453-2"><bdi>0-375-50453-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=21%3A+The+Big+Ideas&rft.btitle=Norman+Rockwell%3A+A+Life&rft.pages=303-314&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-375-50453-2&rft.aulast=Claridge&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnormanrockwellli0000clar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsWelchmanChandlerAnfam1983" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Judith; Welchman, John; Chandler, David; Anfam, David A. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/techniquesofmode0000unse/page/115">"1941–1960"</a>. Techniques of Modern Art. Chartwell Books Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/techniquesofmode0000unse/page/115">115</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89009-673-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89009-673-2"><bdi>0-89009-673-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1941%E2%80%931960&rft.btitle=Techniques+of+Modern+Art&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Chartwell+Books+Inc.&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-89009-673-2&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.au=Welchman%2C+John&rft.au=Chandler%2C+David&rft.au=Anfam%2C+David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftechniquesofmode0000unse%2Fpage%2F115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDempsey2002" class="citation book cs1">Dempsey, Amy (2002). "1918–1945: American Scene". Art in the Modern Era. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-4172-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-4172-4"><bdi>0-8109-4172-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1918%E2%80%931945%3A+American+Scene&rft.btitle=Art+in+the+Modern+Era&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8109-4172-4&rft.aulast=Dempsey&rft.aufirst=Amy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuptill1992" class="citation book cs1">Guptill, Arthur L. (1992) [1946]. Norman Rockwell, Illustrator. Watson-Guptill Publications. pp. vi, 140–149. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/731277816">731277816</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norman+Rockwell%2C+Illustrator&rft.pages=vi%2C+140-149&rft.pub=Watson-Guptill+Publications&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F731277816&rft.aulast=Guptill&rft.aufirst=Arthur+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHennesseyKnutson1999" class="citation book cs1">Hennessey, Maureen Hart; Knutson, Anne (1999). "The Four Freedoms". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/normanrockwellpi00henn">Norman Rockwell: Pictures for the American People</a>. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. with <a href="/wiki/High_Museum_of_Art" title="High Museum of Art">High Museum of Art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell_Museum" title="Norman Rockwell Museum">Norman Rockwell Museum</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-6392-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-6392-2"><bdi>0-8109-6392-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Four+Freedoms&rft.btitle=Norman+Rockwell%3A+Pictures+for+the+American+People&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams%2C+Inc.+with+High+Museum+of+Art+and+Norman+Rockwell+Museum&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8109-6392-2&rft.aulast=Hennessey&rft.aufirst=Maureen+Hart&rft.au=Knutson%2C+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnormanrockwellpi00henn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hughes_(critic)" title="Robert Hughes (critic)">Hughes, Robert</a> (1997). "The Empire of Signs". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanvisionse0000hugh">American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America</a>. Alfred A. Knopf. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanvisionse0000hugh/page/508">508–509</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-42627-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-42627-2"><bdi>0-679-42627-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Empire+of+Signs&rft.btitle=American+Visions%3A+The+Epic+History+of+Art+in+America&rft.pages=508-509&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-679-42627-2&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanvisionse0000hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurrayMcCabe1993" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Stuart; McCabe, James (1993). Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms. Gramercy Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-20213-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-20213-1"><bdi>0-517-20213-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norman+Rockwell%27s+Four+Freedoms&rft.pub=Gramercy+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-517-20213-1&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft.au=McCabe%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchick2009" class="citation book cs1">Schick, Ron (2009). Norman Rockwell: Behind The Camera. Little, Brown and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-00693-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-00693-4"><bdi>978-0-316-00693-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norman+Rockwell%3A+Behind+The+Camera&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-316-00693-4&rft.aulast=Schick&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon2013" class="citation book cs1">Solomon, Deborah (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanmirrorli0000solo/page/201">"Fifteen: The Four Freedoms (May 1942 to May 1943)"</a>. American Mirror: The Life and Art of Norman Rockwell. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanmirrorli0000solo/page/201">201–220</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-11309-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-11309-4"><bdi>978-0-374-11309-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fifteen%3A+The+Four+Freedoms+%28May+1942+to+May+1943%29&rft.btitle=American+Mirror%3A+The+Life+and+Art+of+Norman+Rockwell&rft.pages=201-220&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-374-11309-4&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanmirrorli0000solo%2Fpage%2F201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2007" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Tricia (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/smithsonianqaame00tric/page/122">"The Depression and World War II"</a>. American Art and Artists. HarperCollins Publishers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/smithsonianqaame00tric/page/122">122–123</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-089124-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-089124-4"><bdi>978-0-06-089124-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Depression+and+World+War+II&rft.btitle=American+Art+and+Artists&rft.pages=122-123&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-089124-4&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Tricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsmithsonianqaame00tric%2Fpage%2F122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Sustaining Vision". The Story of America: Over 150 Momentous Events Depicted in Great American Art. Country Beautiful Corporation. 1976. pp. 178–179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87294-047-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87294-047-0"><bdi>0-87294-047-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sustaining+Vision&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+America%3A+Over+150+Momentous+Events+Depicted+in+Great+American+Art&rft.pages=178-179&rft.pub=Country+Beautiful+Corporation&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-87294-047-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour+Freedoms+%28Rockwell%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Norman_Rockwell" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Norman_Rockwell" title="Template:Norman Rockwell"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norman_Rockwell" title="Template talk:Norman Rockwell"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norman_Rockwell" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norman Rockwell"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Norman_Rockwell" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children_Dancing_at_a_Party" title="Children Dancing at a Party">Children Dancing at a Party</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Love_Song_(Rockwell)" title="The Love Song (Rockwell)">The Love Song</a> (1926)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Four Freedoms</a> (1943, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Speech_(painting)" title="Freedom of Speech (painting)">Freedom of Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Worship_(painting)" title="Freedom of Worship (painting)">Freedom of Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_Want" title="Freedom from Want">Freedom from Want</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_Fear_(painting)" title="Freedom from Fear (painting)">Freedom from Fear</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Girl_Observing_Lovers_on_a_Train" title="Little Girl Observing Lovers on a Train">Little Girl Observing Lovers on a Train</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We,_Too,_Have_a_Job_to_Do" title="We, Too, Have a Job to Do">We, Too, Have a Job to Do</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_on_the_Statue_of_Liberty" title="Working on the Statue of Liberty">Working on the Statue of Liberty</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dugout" title="The Dugout">The Dugout</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tough_Call" title="Tough Call">Tough Call</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saying_Grace_(Rockwell)" title="Saying Grace (Rockwell)">Saying Grace</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_to_Church" title="Walking to Church">Walking to Church</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_Home_Ties" title="Breaking Home Ties">Breaking Home Ties</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_License" title="Marriage License">Marriage License</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scoutmaster" title="The Scoutmaster">The Scoutmaster</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rookie_(painting)" title="The Rookie (painting)">The Rookie</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Self-Portrait" title="Triple Self-Portrait">Triple Self-Portrait</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_a_Leader" title="Growth of a Leader">Growth of a Leader</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Problem_We_All_Live_With" title="The Problem We All Live With">The Problem We All Live With</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_in_Mississippi_(painting)" title="Murder in Mississippi (painting)">Murder in Mississippi</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Schoolroom" title="Russian Schoolroom">Russian Schoolroom</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Sketches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_in_Mississippi_(painting)" title="Murder in Mississippi (painting)">Southern Justice</a> (1965)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Gillis" title="Willie Gillis">Willie Gillis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell_Museum" title="Norman Rockwell Museum">Norman Rockwell Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rockwell" title="Thomas Rockwell">Thomas Rockwell</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell%27s_World..._An_American_Dream" title="Norman Rockwell's World... An American Dream">Norman Rockwell's World... An American Dream (1972 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Obanhein" title="William Obanhein">William Obanhein</a> (model)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Van_Brunt" title="James K. Van Brunt">James K. Van Brunt</a> (model)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boy_Scout_calendar_illustrations" title="List of Boy Scout calendar illustrations">List of Boy Scout calendar illustrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post" title="The Saturday Evening Post">The Saturday Evening Post</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Franklin_D._Roosevelt" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Template:Franklin D. Roosevelt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Template talk:Franklin D. Roosevelt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Franklin D. Roosevelt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Franklin_D._Roosevelt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">32nd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1933–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_New_York" title="List of governors of New York">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> (1929–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy">Assistant Secretary of the Navy</a> (1913–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_senators" title="List of New York state senators">New York State Senator</a> (1911–1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Presidential transition of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Transition</a></li> <li>Inaugurations (<a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Third inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Fourth inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">4th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">First and second terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">Third and fourth terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Deal" title="Template:New Deal">overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal_coalition" title="New Deal coalition">New Deal coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_New_Deal" title="Second New Deal">Second New Deal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Relief_Administration" title="Federal Emergency Relief Administration">Federal Emergency Relief Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps" title="Civilian Conservation Corps">Civilian Conservation Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Adjustment_Act" title="Agricultural Adjustment Act">Agricultural Adjustment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Banking_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Banking Act">Emergency Banking Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1944" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Coordination_Act" title="Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act">Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Act_of_1935" title="National Labor Relations Act of 1935">National Labor Relations Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Industrial_Recovery_Act_of_1933" title="National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933">National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Works_Administration" title="Public Works Administration">Public Works Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Recovery_Administration" title="National Recovery Administration">National Recovery Administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Administration" title="National Youth Administration">National Youth Administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Act" title="Social Security Act">Social Security Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_Families_with_Dependent_Children" title="Aid to Families with Dependent Children">Aid to Families with Dependent Children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Act_of_1934" title="Communications Act of 1934">Communications Act of 1934</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_6102" title="Executive Order 6102">Monetary gold ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Reserve_Act" title="Gold Reserve Act">Gold Reserve Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_6814" title="Executive Order 6814">Silver seizure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_and_civil_rights" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt and civil rights">Record on civil rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_8802" title="Executive Order 8802">Defense industry non-discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Employment_Practice_Committee" title="Fair Employment Practice Committee">Fair Employment Practice Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act" title="Indian Reorganization Act">Indian Reorganization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9066" title="Executive Order 9066">Executive Orders 9066,</a><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9102" title="Executive Order 9102"> 9102</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_Relocation_Authority" title="War Relocation Authority">War Relocation Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">Japanese American internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_German_Americans" title="Internment of German Americans">German-American internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Italian_Americans" title="Internment of Italian Americans">Italian-American internment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownlow_Committee" title="Brownlow Committee">Brownlow Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States#History" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.I._Bill" title="G.I. Bill">G.I. Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullen%E2%80%93Harrison_Act" title="Cullen–Harrison Act">Cullen–Harrison Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roerich_Pact" title="Roerich Pact">Roerich Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms" title="Four Freedoms">Four Freedoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_Monument" title="Four Freedoms Monument">Four Freedoms Monument</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Cabinet" title="Black Cabinet">Black Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Birthday" title="Jefferson's Birthday">Jefferson's Birthday holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Procedures_Reform_Bill_of_1937" title="Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937">Judicial Court-Packing Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration">Cannabis policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt">Federal Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone_Supreme_Court_nomination" class="mw-redirect" title="Harlan F. Stone Supreme Court nomination">Harlan F. Stone Supreme Court nomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiley_Rutledge_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Wiley Rutledge Supreme Court nomination">Wiley Rutledge Supreme Court nomination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:FD_Roosevelt_cabinet" title="Template:FD Roosevelt cabinet">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_trust#Roosevelt's_"Brain_Trust"" title="Brain trust">"Brain Trust"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Dimes" title="March of Dimes">March of Dimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office#Modern_Oval_Office:_1934–present" title="Oval Office">Modern Oval Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Special_(automobile)" title="Sunshine Special (automobile)">Official car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franksgiving" title="Franksgiving">Franksgiving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Franklin Delano Roosevelt/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Franklin Delano Roosevelt/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration">Presidential foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua" title="United States occupation of Nicaragua">U.S. occupation of Nicaragua, 1912–1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">U.S. occupation of Haiti, 1915–1934</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Neighbor_policy" title="Good Neighbor policy">Good Neighbor Policy (1933–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montevideo_Convention" title="Montevideo Convention">Montevideo Convention (1933)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_London_Naval_Treaty" title="Second London Naval Treaty">Second London Naval Treaty (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABCD_line" title="ABCD line">ABCD line (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export_Control_Act" title="Export Control Act">Export Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Policemen" title="Four Policemen">Four Policemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyers-for-bases_deal" title="Destroyers-for-bases deal">Destroyers-for-bases deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Training_and_Service_Act_of_1940" title="Selective Training and Service Act of 1940">1940 Selective Service Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_note" title="Hull note">Hull note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">Military history of the United States during World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Munitions_Assignments_Board" title="Combined Munitions Assignments Board">Combined Munitions Assignments Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Production_Board" title="War Production Board">War Production Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations (1942)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">World War II conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Agreement" title="Quebec Agreement">Quebec Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_first" title="Europe first">Europe first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan#Roosevelt's_support_for_the_plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan support</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention#Roosevelt's_acceptance_speech" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 Acceptance speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Club_Address" title="Commonwealth Club Address">Commonwealth Club Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Madison_Square_Garden_speech" title="1936 Madison Square Garden speech">Madison Square Garden speech</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms" title="Four Freedoms">Four Freedoms</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Infamy_speech" title="Day of Infamy speech">Day of Infamy speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_of_Democracy" title="Arsenal of Democracy">Arsenal of Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt#Inaugural_address" title="First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">"...is fear itself"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireside_chats" title="Fireside chats">Fireside chats</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Look_to_Norway" title="Look to Norway">Look to Norway</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarantine_Speech" title="Quarantine Speech">Quarantine Speech</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_More_Abundant_Life" title="The More Abundant Life">The More Abundant Life</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1934 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address (1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1938 State of the Union Address">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1939 State of the Union Address">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1940 State of the Union Address">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms" title="Four Freedoms">1941 (Four Freedoms)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bill_of_Rights" title="Second Bill of Rights">1944 (Second Bill of Rights)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1945 State of the Union Address">1945)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt#Early_life_and_marriage" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Early life, education, career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Springs_Historic_District" title="Warm Springs Historic District">Warm Springs Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Governorship of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Governorship of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Plot" title="Business Plot">Business Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zangara#Assassination_attempt" title="Giuseppe Zangara">Assassination attempt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Electoral history of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_New_York_state_election" title="1928 New York state election">1928 New York state election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_New_York_state_election" title="1930 New York state election">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention, 1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention#Impact" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Days_Are_Here_Again#In_popular_culture" title="Happy Days Are Here Again">theme song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt#Personal_life" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Early life and education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Groton_School" title="Groton School">Groton School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_National_Historic_Site" title="Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site">Springwood birthplace, home, and gravesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_House_(Harvard_College)" title="Adams House (Harvard College)">Adams House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FDR_Suite_at_Adams_House,_Harvard_University" title="FDR Suite at Adams House, Harvard University">FDR Suite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Campobello_International_Park" title="Roosevelt Campobello International Park">Campobello home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralytic_illness_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Paralytic illness of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Paralytic illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Cottage" title="Top Cottage">Top Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_White_House" title="Little White House">Little White House, Warm Springs, Georgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Bibliography of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of statues of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute" title="Roosevelt Institute">Roosevelt Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute_Campus_Network" title="Roosevelt Institute Campus Network">Roosevelt Institute Campus Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Foundation" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Foundation">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Memorial" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt Island</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Four_Freedoms_Park" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park">Four Freedoms Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Room" title="Roosevelt Room">White House Roosevelt Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute_for_American_Studies" title="Roosevelt Institute for American Studies">Roosevelt Institute for American Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_(CV-42)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Franklin D. Roosevelt (CV-42)">USS Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Roosevelt_(DDG-80)" title="USS Roosevelt (DDG-80)">USS Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_Award" title="Four Freedoms Award">Four Freedoms Award</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Four Freedoms paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_portrait_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Unfinished portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Unfinished portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_dime" title="Roosevelt dime">Roosevelt dime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27d_Rather_Be_Right" title="I'd Rather Be Right">I'd Rather Be Right 1937 musical</a></li> <li>Films <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Roosevelt_Story" title="The Roosevelt Story">The Roosevelt Story 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_at_Campobello" title="Sunrise at Campobello">Sunrise at Campobello 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_and_Franklin_(miniseries)" title="Eleanor and Franklin (miniseries)">Eleanor and Franklin 1976,</a> <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_and_Franklin:_The_White_House_Years" title="Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years">The White House Years 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House">Backstairs at the White House 1979 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II:_When_Lions_Roared" title="World War II: When Lions Roared">World War II: When Lions Roared 1997 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Springs_(film)" title="Warm Springs (film)">Warm Springs 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_on_Hudson" title="Hyde Park on Hudson">Hyde Park on Hudson 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Roosevelts_(miniseries)" title="The Roosevelts (miniseries)">The Roosevelts 2014 documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)">The First Lady 2022 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDR_(miniseries)" title="FDR (miniseries)">FDR 2023 miniseries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="List of memorials to Franklin D. Roosevelt">Other namesakes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family (<a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_family" title="Roosevelt family">Roosevelt</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Delano_family" title="Delano family">Delano</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Roosevelt_Halsted" title="Anna Roosevelt Halsted">Anna Roosevelt Halsted</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt" title="James Roosevelt">James Roosevelt II</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Roosevelt_(general)" title="Elliott Roosevelt (general)">Elliott Roosevelt</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Jr." title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aspinwall_Roosevelt" title="John Aspinwall Roosevelt">John Aspinwall Roosevelt II</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt_I" title="James Roosevelt I">James Roosevelt I</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Roosevelt" title="Sara Roosevelt">Sara Ann Delano</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt_Roosevelt" title="James Roosevelt Roosevelt">James Roosevelt Roosevelt</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Roosevelt_(businessman)" title="Isaac Roosevelt (businessman)">Isaac Roosevelt</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Delano_Jr." title="Warren Delano Jr.">Warren Delano Jr.</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fala_(dog)" title="Fala (dog)">Fala</a> (family dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(Franklin_D._Roosevelt%27s_dog)" title="Major (Franklin D. Roosevelt's dog)">Major</a> (family dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">← Herbert Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Category:Franklin D. Roosevelt">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&oldid=1256044154">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&oldid=1256044154</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1943_in_politics" title="Category:1943 in politics">1943 in politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1943_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1943 in the United States">1943 in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1943_paintings" title="Category:1943 paintings">1943 paintings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_propaganda_during_World_War_II" title="Category:American propaganda during World War II">American propaganda during World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_history_of_World_War_II" title="Category:Cultural history of World War II">Cultural history of World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Four_Freedoms" title="Category:Four Freedoms">Four Freedoms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_depictions_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Category:Cultural depictions of Franklin D. Roosevelt">Cultural depictions of Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Painting_series" title="Category:Painting series">Painting series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paintings_by_Norman_Rockwell" title="Category:Paintings by Norman Rockwell">Paintings by Norman Rockwell</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_World_War_II" title="Category:Politics of World War II">Politics of World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="Category:United States Department of the Treasury">United States Department of the Treasury</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_and_the_media" title="Category:World War II and the media">World War II and the media</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_originally_published_in_The_Saturday_Evening_Post" title="Category:Works originally published in The Saturday Evening Post">Works originally published in The Saturday Evening Post</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2016" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2016">Use mdy dates from August 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_artwork_with_the_material_parameter" title="Category:Pages using infobox artwork with the material parameter">Pages using infobox artwork with the material parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2014" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 22:59 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-55zsq","wgBackendResponseTime":151,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.388","walltime":"1.677","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8724,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":191581,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7615,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":285137,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1407.425 1 -total"," 27.11% 381.506 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.34% 229.916 20 Template:Cite_book"," 11.22% 157.963 27 Template:Cite_web"," 11.20% 157.677 2 Template:Inflation-fn"," 11.09% 156.150 2 Template:Navbox"," 8.68% 122.226 1 Template:Norman_Rockwell"," 7.70% 108.317 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.55% 106.291 1 Template:Infobox_artwork"," 6.57% 92.502 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.708","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9200849,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-spwbb","timestamp":"20241125014615","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Four Freedoms (Rockwell)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4543698","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4543698","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-04-07T05:52:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T22:59:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9f\/%22Freedom_of_Speech%22_-_NARA_-_513536.jpg","headline":"1943 painting series by Norman Rockwell"}</script> </body> </html>