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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flourishing_aristocratic_residential_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flourishing_aristocratic_residential_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Flourishing aristocratic residential city </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flourishing_aristocratic_residential_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Industrial growth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 World War II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Post-war period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Urban layout </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Districts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_Białystok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_Białystok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Metropolitan Białystok </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_Białystok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 City government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 International relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_garrison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_garrison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Military garrison </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_garrison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Innovations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Innovations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Innovations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Innovations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Public utilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Culture and tourism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture and tourism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_green_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_green_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Parks and green spaces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_green_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Local cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Railways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Buses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads_and_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads_and_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 Roads and highways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads_and_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bicycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.4 Bicycle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.5 Airports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Notable residents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Białystok</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" > 93 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83" title="بياويستوك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بياويستوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belostok" title="Belostok – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Belostok" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9" title="بیاویستوک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیاویستوک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бялысток – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бялысток" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Беласток – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Беласток" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Беласток – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Беласток" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бялисток – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бялисток" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_(kapital_sa_gingsakopan)" title="Białystok (kapital sa gingsakopan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Białystok (kapital sa gingsakopan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%9Blostok" title="Bělostok – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bělostok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA" title="Μπιαουίστοκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπιαουίστοκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjalistoko" title="Bjalistoko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bjalistoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9" title="بیاویستوک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیاویستوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84%EC%9C%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%81%AC" title="비아위스토크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비아위스토크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%AF" title="Բելոստոկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բելոստոկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Белосток – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Белосток" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7" title="ביאליסטוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביאליסטוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ბელოსტოკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბელოსტოკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjalistoka" title="Bjalistoka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bjalistoka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balstog%C4%97" title="Balstogė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Balstogė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бјалисток – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бјалисток" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="ब्याविस्तोक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्याविस्तोक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ბელოსტოკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბელოსტოკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83" title="بياويستوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بياويستوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бялысток – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Бялысток" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Белосток – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Белосток" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_(stad)" title="Białystok (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Białystok (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%A3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%82%AF" title="ビャウィストク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビャウィストク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belostok" title="Belostok – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Belostok" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9" title="بیالیستوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بیالیستوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2l%C4%B1stok" title="Bâlıstok – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bâlıstok" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Белосток – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белосток" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bialystok" title="Bialystok – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bialystok" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjo%C5%82ystok" title="Bjołystok – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bjołystok" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бјалисток – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бјалисток" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бялысток – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бялысток" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="เบียวึสตอก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบียวึสตอก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Białystok" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бъялысток – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Бъялысток" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bia%C5%82ystok&params=53_08_07_N_23_08_44_E_region:PL_type:city">53°08′07″N 23°08′44″E / 53.13528°N 23.14556°E / 53.13528; 23.14556</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Białystok (disambiguation)">Białystok (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Białystok</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="border:1;;height:84px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bazylika_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_-_Emilia_Ernst.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Historic city center with Cathedral in the background"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bazylika_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_-_Emilia_Ernst.jpg/127px-Bazylika_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_-_Emilia_Ernst.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bazylika_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_-_Emilia_Ernst.jpg/191px-Bazylika_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_-_Emilia_Ernst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bazylika_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_-_Emilia_Ernst.jpg/254px-Bazylika_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_-_Emilia_Ernst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4697" data-file-height="3111" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="border:1;;height:84px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_Ogr%C3%B3d.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Branicki Park"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_Ogr%C3%B3d.jpg/127px-Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_Ogr%C3%B3d.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_Ogr%C3%B3d.jpg/191px-Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_Ogr%C3%B3d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_Ogr%C3%B3d.jpg/254px-Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_Ogr%C3%B3d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bialystok_Town_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kościuszko Square with Baroque old town hall"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bialystok_Town_Hall.jpg/127px-Bialystok_Town_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bialystok_Town_Hall.jpg/191px-Bialystok_Town_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bialystok_Town_Hall.jpg/254px-Bialystok_Town_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:150913_Lubomirski_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lubomirski Palace"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/150913_Lubomirski_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_03.jpg/127px-150913_Lubomirski_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/150913_Lubomirski_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_03.jpg/191px-150913_Lubomirski_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/150913_Lubomirski_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_03.jpg/254px-150913_Lubomirski_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style="border:1;;height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Branicki Palace"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_06.jpg/258px-150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_06.jpg/387px-150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_06.jpg/516px-150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="1920" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>From top, left to right: Historic city center with Cathedral in the background</li><li>Branicki Park</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Square_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Kościuszko Square in Białystok">Kościuszko (Market) Square</a> with old town hall</li><li>Lubomirski Palace</li><li>Branicki Palace</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Białystok"><img alt="flag of the city [1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg/100px-POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg/150px-POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg/200px-POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="938" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Białystok"><img alt="shield of the city [1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_COA.svg/81px-POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_COA.svg/122px-POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_COA.svg/162px-POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="800" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Coat of arms of Białystok">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Bialystok_logo_2020_EN_CMYK.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Białystok"><img alt="Official logo of Białystok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bialystok_logo_2020_EN_CMYK.svg/100px-Bialystok_logo_2020_EN_CMYK.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bialystok_logo_2020_EN_CMYK.svg/150px-Bialystok_logo_2020_EN_CMYK.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bialystok_logo_2020_EN_CMYK.svg/200px-Bialystok_logo_2020_EN_CMYK.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1157" data-file-height="756" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Brandmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandmark">Brandmark</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Poland_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Białystok is located in Poland"><img alt="Białystok is located in Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="837" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.765%;left:87.342%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Białystok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Białystok</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bia%C5%82ystok&params=53_08_07_N_23_08_44_E_region:PL_type:city">53°08′07″N 23°08′44″E / 53.13528°N 23.14556°E / 53.13528; 23.14556</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Voivodeships_of_Poland" title="Voivodeships of Poland">Voivodeship</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg/23px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg/35px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg/46px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_counties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Polish counties">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data">city county</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1437</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City rights</th><td class="infobox-data">1692</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Districts of Białystok">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>29: <a href="/wiki/Osiedle" title="Osiedle">Osiedla</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Centrum,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Centrum, Białystok">Centrum</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bia%C5%82ostoczek,_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Osiedle Białostoczek, Białystok">Białostoczek</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Sienkiewicza,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Sienkiewicza, Białystok">Sienkiewicza</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bojary,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Bojary, Białystok">Bojary</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Piaski,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Piaski, Białystok">Piaski</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Przydworcowe,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Przydworcowe, Białystok">Przydworcowe</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_M%C5%82odych,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Młodych, Białystok">Młodych</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Antoniuk,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Antoniuk, Białystok">Antoniuk</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Jarosz%C3%B3wka,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Jaroszówka, Białystok">Jaroszówka</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Wygoda,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Wygoda, Białystok">Wygoda</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Piasta_I,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Piasta I, Białystok">Piasta I</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Piasta_II,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Piasta II, Białystok">Piasta II</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Skorupy,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Skorupy, Białystok">Skorupy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Mickiewicza,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Mickiewicza, Białystok">Mickiewicza</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dojlidy,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dojlidy, Białystok">Dojlidy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bema,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Bema, Białystok">Bema</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Kawaleryjskie,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Kawaleryjskie, Białystok">Kawaleryjskie</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Nowe_Miasto,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Nowe Miasto, Białystok">Nowe Miasto</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Zielone_Wzg%C3%B3rza,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Zielone Wzgórza, Białystok">Zielone Wzgórza</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Starosielce,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Starosielce, Białystok">Starosielce</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_S%C5%82oneczny_Stok,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Słoneczny Stok, Białystok">Słoneczny Stok</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Le%C5%9Bna_Dolina,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Leśna Dolina, Białystok">Leśna Dolina</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Wysoki_Stoczek,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Wysoki Stoczek, Białystok">Wysoki Stoczek</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dziesi%C4%99ciny_I,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dziesięciny I, Białystok">Dziesięciny I</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dziesi%C4%99ciny_II,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dziesięciny II, Białystok">Dziesięciny II</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bacieczki,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Bacieczki, Białystok">Bacieczki</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Zawady,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Zawady, Białystok">Zawady</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dojlidy_G%C3%B3rne,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dojlidy Górne, Białystok">Dojlidy Górne</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bagn%C3%B3wka,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Bagnówka, Białystok">Bagnówka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Truskolaski" title="Tadeusz Truskolaski">Tadeusz Truskolaski</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">PO</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">102.13 km2 (39.43 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">175 m (574 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">118 m (387 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (31 December 2021)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">295,683 <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Poland" title="List of cities and towns in Poland">10th</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,902/km2 (7,520/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">białostoczanin (male) białostoczanka (female) (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">pl</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">15-001 to 15-999</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+48 85</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Poland" title="Vehicle registration plates of Poland">Car plates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">BI</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Poland" title="Highways in Poland">Highways</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Expressway_S8_(Poland)" title="Expressway S8 (Poland)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/S8-PL.svg/32px-S8-PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/S8-PL.svg/48px-S8-PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/S8-PL.svg/64px-S8-PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="478" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Expressway_S19_(Poland)" title="Expressway S19 (Poland)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/S19-PL.svg/32px-S19-PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/S19-PL.svg/48px-S19-PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/S19-PL.svg/64px-S19-PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="478" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bialystok.pl">www.bialystok.pl</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Białystok<a href="#cite_note-8">[a]</a> is the largest city in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Poland" title="List of cities and towns in Poland">tenth-largest city</a> in Poland, second in terms of population density, and thirteenth in area. Białystok is located in the Białystok Uplands of the <a href="/wiki/Podlachia" title="Podlachia">Podlachian Plain</a> on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_(Supra%C5%9Bl)" title="Biała (Supraśl)">Biała River</a>, 200 km (124 mi) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GM-9">[8]</a> It has historically attracted migrants from elsewhere in Poland and beyond, particularly from <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. This is facilitated by the <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Belarus–Poland border">nearby border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> also being the eastern border of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>. The city and its adjacent municipalities constitute <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Białystok">Metropolitan Białystok</a>. The city has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate#Dfb/Dwb/Dsb:_Mild_to_warm_summer_subtype" title="Humid continental climate">warm summer continental climate</a>, characterized by warm summers and long frosty winters. Forests are an important part of Białystok's character and occupy around 1,846 ha (4,560 acres) (18% of the administrative area of the city)<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> which places it as the fifth-most forested city in Poland. The first settlers arrived in the 14th century. The town grew and received its municipal charter in 1692. Białystok has traditionally been one of the leading centers of academic, cultural, and artistic life in <a href="/wiki/Podlachia" title="Podlachia">Podlachia</a>, and the most important economic center in northeastern Poland. Białystok was once an important center for <a href="/wiki/Light_industry" title="Light industry">light industry</a>, which was the reason for the substantial growth of the city's population. The city continues to reshape itself into a modern middle-sized city. Białystok, in 2010, was on the short-list, but ultimately lost the competition, to become a finalist for <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> in 2016. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> Although nowadays "stok" is translated as "slope", the initial name of the settlement came from the river flowing through it. In old Polish, biały stok was white river (biały - white, stok - stream; river that "slides" down the slope). So inconspicuous today, the Biała River (usually called Białka), flowing through the city center, gave it its name. Due to changing borders and demographics over the centuries, the city has been known as <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>: Беласток (Byelastok<a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN_romanization_of_Belarusian" title="BGN/PCGN romanization of Belarusian">?</a>, Biełastok<a href="/wiki/%C5%81acinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Łacinka">?</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">[bʲeɫaˈstok]</a>), <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: ביאַליסטאָק (Byalistok, Bjalistok), <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: Balstogė, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Белосток (Belostok, Byelostok). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="History of Białystok">History of Białystok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Timeline of Białystok">Timeline of Białystok</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20230711_172515_July_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/20230711_172515_July_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/220px-20230711_172515_July_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/20230711_172515_July_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/330px-20230711_172515_July_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/20230711_172515_July_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/440px-20230711_172515_July_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="2296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Branicki_Palace,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Branicki Palace, Białystok">Branicki Palace</a>, also known as the "Polish Versailles".</figcaption></figure> Archaeological discoveries show that the first settlements in the area of present-day Białystok occurred during the <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a>. Tombs of ancient settlers can be found in the district of <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dojlidy,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dojlidy, Białystok">Dojlidy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> In the early <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, people settled in the area producing <a href="/wiki/Kurgan" title="Kurgan">kurgans</a>, the tombs of the chiefs in the area located in the current village of <a href="/wiki/Rosto%C5%82ty" title="Rostołty">Rostołty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mhzp-12">[11]</a> Since then, the Białystok area has been at the crossroads of cultures. Trade routes linking the Baltic to the Black Sea favored the development of settlements with <a href="/wiki/Yotvingia" title="Yotvingia">Yotvingia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ruthenians" title="Ruthenians">Ruthenian</a>-Polish cultural characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-mhzp-12">[11]</a> The city of Białystok has existed for five centuries and during this time the fate of the city has been affected by various political and economic forces. Surviving documents attest that around 1437 a representative of the Raczków family, Jakub Tabutowicz of the coat of arms <a href="/wiki/%C5%81ab%C4%99d%C5%BA_coat_of_arms" title="Łabędź coat of arms">Łabędź</a>, received from <a href="/wiki/Michael_%C5%BDygimantaitis" title="Michael Žygimantaitis">Michael Žygimantaitis</a>, son of the Grand Duke of Lithuania <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_K%C4%99stutaitis" title="Sigismund Kęstutaitis">Sigismund Kęstutaitis</a>, a wilderness area along the river Biała that marked the beginning of Białystok as a settlement.<a href="#cite_note-bialystok.polska.pl-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-legend-14">[13]</a> Thereafter, Białystok was part of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Lithuania</a> for 132 years until the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lublin" title="Union of Lublin">Union of Lublin</a> in 1569, when it was restored to <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Poland</a> but remained very close to its border with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until the <a href="/wiki/Third_Partition_of_Poland" title="Third Partition of Poland">last partition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> in 1795. Białystok was administratively part of the <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship_(1513%E2%80%931795)" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a>, after 1569 also part of the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland_Province,_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Lesser Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Lesser Poland Province</a> of the Kingdom of Poland. From 1547, the settlement was owned by the Wiesiołowski family, which founded the first school.<a href="#cite_note-JK-15">[14]</a> The first brick church and a castle were built between 1617 and 1826. The two-floor castle, designed on a rectangular plan in the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a>-<a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> style, was the work of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Job_Bretfus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Job Bretfus (page does not exist)">Job Bretfus</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiob_Bretfus" class="extiw" title="pl:Hiob Bretfus">pl</a>]. Extension of the castle was continued by <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Wiesio%C5%82owski" title="Krzysztof Wiesiołowski">Krzysztof Wiesiołowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starost" class="mw-redirect" title="Starost">starost</a> of Tykocin, Grand Marshal of Lithuania since 1635, and husband of Aleksandra Marianna Sobieska.<a href="#cite_note-wiesiolowscy-16">[15]</a> In 1637 he died childless, and as a result, Białystok came under the management of his widow. After her death in 1645 the Wiesiołowski estate, including Białystok, passed to the Crown to cover the costs of maintaining <a href="/wiki/Tykocin_Castle" title="Tykocin Castle">Tykocin Castle</a>. In the years 1645–1659 Białystok was managed by the <a href="/wiki/Starost" class="mw-redirect" title="Starost">starosts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tykocin" title="Tykocin">Tykocin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wiesiolowscy-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flourishing_aristocratic_residential_city">Flourishing aristocratic residential city</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Flourishing aristocratic residential city">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salon_ogrodowy_Pa%C5%82acu_Branickich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Salon_ogrodowy_Pa%C5%82acu_Branickich.jpg/220px-Salon_ogrodowy_Pa%C5%82acu_Branickich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Salon_ogrodowy_Pa%C5%82acu_Branickich.jpg/330px-Salon_ogrodowy_Pa%C5%82acu_Branickich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Salon_ogrodowy_Pa%C5%82acu_Branickich.jpg/440px-Salon_ogrodowy_Pa%C5%82acu_Branickich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1221" data-file-height="856" /></a><figcaption>Garden of the Branicki Palace in the 18th century</figcaption></figure> In 1661 it was given to <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Czarniecki" title="Stefan Czarniecki">Stefan Czarniecki</a> as a reward for his service in the victory over the Swedes during the <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a>. Four years later, it was given as a dowry of his daughter Aleksandra, who married Marshal of the Crown Court Jan Klemens Branicki, thus passing into the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Branicki_family_(Gryf_coat_of_arms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Branicki family (Gryf coat of arms)">Branicki family</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> In 1692, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefan_Miko%C5%82aj_Branicki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefan Mikołaj Branicki (page does not exist)">Stefan Mikołaj Branicki</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Miko%C5%82aj_Branicki" class="extiw" title="pl:Stefan Mikołaj Branicki">pl</a>], the son of Jan Klemens Branicki, obtained city rights for Białystok from King <a href="/wiki/John_III_Sobieski" title="John III Sobieski">John III Sobieski</a>. He constructed the <a href="/wiki/Branicki_Palace,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Branicki Palace, Białystok">Branicki Palace</a> on the foundations of the castle of the Wiesiołowski family.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> In the first half of the eighteenth century the ownership of the city was inherited by <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">Field Crown Hetman</a> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Klemens_Branicki" title="Jan Klemens Branicki">Jan Klemens Branicki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bialystok.polska.pl-13">[12]</a> It was he who transformed the palace built by his father into a magnificent residence of a great noble,<a href="#cite_note-podlaski-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> which was frequently visited by Polish kings and poets.<a href="#cite_note-BST-23">[22]</a> In 1745 the first military technical school in Poland was founded in Białystok,<a href="#cite_note-JK164-24">[23]</a> and in 1748, one of the oldest theaters in Poland, the Komedialnia, was founded in the city.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> New schools were established, including a <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> school in connection with the foundation of the theater.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> In 1749, King <a href="/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland" title="Augustus III of Poland">Augustus III of Poland</a> extended the city limits.<a href="#cite_note-JK-15">[14]</a> In 1770, under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/Izabella_Poniatowska" title="Izabella Poniatowska">Izabella Poniatowska</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Midwifery" title="Midwifery">midwifery</a> school was founded, based on which the Institute of Obstetrics was established in 1805.<a href="#cite_note-JK164-24">[23]</a> Białystok was a regional <a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">brewing</a> center with 33 breweries as of 1771, with the Podlachian Beer now listed as a protected traditional beverage by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Rural_Development_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Poland)">Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> The end of the eighteenth century saw the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">division</a> of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, in three partitions, among Poland's neighboring states. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> subjugated <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Department" title="Białystok Department">Białystok and the surrounding region</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Partition_of_Poland" title="Third Partition of Poland">third partition</a>. The city became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/New_East_Prussia" title="New East Prussia">New East Prussia</a> province in 1795.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>'s victory in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a> freed the territory but as a result in the <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Tilsit" title="Treaties of Tilsit">Treaties of Tilsit</a> in 1807 the area was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, which organized the region into the <a href="/wiki/Belostok_Oblast,_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Belostok Oblast, Russian Empire">Belostok Oblast</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Wandycz-29">[28]</a> with the city as the regional center.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> Schooling and higher learning in Białystok, which was intensively developed in the 18th century, was stopped as a result of partitions.<a href="#cite_note-JK164-24">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_growth">Industrial growth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Industrial growth">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galeria_Alfa_Bia%C5%82ystok_Mariag36.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Galeria_Alfa_Bia%C5%82ystok_Mariag36.jpg/220px-Galeria_Alfa_Bia%C5%82ystok_Mariag36.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Galeria_Alfa_Bia%C5%82ystok_Mariag36.jpg/330px-Galeria_Alfa_Bia%C5%82ystok_Mariag36.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Galeria_Alfa_Bia%C5%82ystok_Mariag36.jpg/440px-Galeria_Alfa_Bia%C5%82ystok_Mariag36.jpg 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Factory_of_Bia%C5%82ystok_Association_of_Manufacture" title="Factory of Białystok Association of Manufacture">One of the former textile factories</a>, now a shopping mall</figcaption></figure> Białystok received city rights the latest from all of Podlasie's cities, but at the end of the 19th century it outgrown all the surrounding cities. The rapid development in the 19th century is related to two historical events: the creation of a customs border between the Russian Empire and the Congress Kingdom of Poland, and the opening in 1862 of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg%E2%80%93Warsaw_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway">Warsaw Saint Petersburg railway line</a>, connecting Białystok with <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grodno" title="Grodno">Grodno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>. Very convenient communication conditions influenced the development and concentration of Białystok's production plants at that time. Along with the administrative function, Białystok received many economic institutions. In the second half of the 19th century, Białystok grew into a significant center of the <a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">textile industry</a>, the largest after <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> in then-partitioned Poland. Białystok was the largest industrial center between Warsaw and Łódź in the west, Saint Petersburg in the north and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> in the east, and was nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> of the North".<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> After the failed <a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November</a> and <a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January</a> uprisings, <a href="/wiki/Russification_of_Poles_during_the_Partitions" title="Russification of Poles during the Partitions">Russification</a> policies and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">anti-Polish</a> repressions intensified, and after 1870 a ban on the use of Polish in public places was introduced.<a href="#cite_note-BST-23">[22]</a> In 1912, a Tsarist prison was built, which also served as a transit prison for Poles <a href="/wiki/Sybirak" title="Sybirak">deported to Siberia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gr-32">[31]</a> At the end of the nineteenth century, as a result of the influx due to <a href="/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement" title="Pale of Settlement">Russian discriminatory regulations</a>, the majority of the city's population was Jewish. According to <a href="/wiki/Russian_census_of_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian census of 1897">Russian census of 1897</a>, out of the total population of 66,000, Jews constituted 41,900 (so around 63% percent).<a href="#cite_note-zimmerman-33">[32]</a> This heritage can be seen on the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Heritage_Trail_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok">Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_pogrom" title="Białystok pogrom">Białystok pogrom</a> occurred between 14 and 16 June 1906 with some 81 to 88 <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> killed by the Russians, and about 80 wounded.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dubnow-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bialystok_pomnik_Chwala_Bohaterom_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bialystok_pomnik_Chwala_Bohaterom_03.jpg/220px-Bialystok_pomnik_Chwala_Bohaterom_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bialystok_pomnik_Chwala_Bohaterom_03.jpg/330px-Bialystok_pomnik_Chwala_Bohaterom_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bialystok_pomnik_Chwala_Bohaterom_03.jpg/440px-Bialystok_pomnik_Chwala_Bohaterom_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>Monument to soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Legions_Infantry_Regiment" title="1st Legions Infantry Regiment">1st Legions Infantry Regiment</a> who died in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Battle of Białystok">Battle of Białystok</a> in 1920, <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Antoniuk,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Antoniuk, Białystok">Antoniuk</a> district</figcaption></figure> The first <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">anarchist groups</a> to attract a significant following of Russian workers or peasants were the <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communist">anarcho-communist</a> <a href="/wiki/Chernoe-Znamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chernoe-Znamia">Chernoe-Znamia</a> groups, founded in Białystok in 1903.<a href="#cite_note-Geifman-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-av44-39">[38]</a> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> the <a href="/wiki/Bialystok-Grodno_District" title="Bialystok-Grodno District">Bialystok-Grodno District</a> was the administrative division of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a>-controlled territory of <a href="/wiki/Ober-Ost" class="mw-redirect" title="Ober-Ost">Ober-Ost</a>. It comprised the city, as the capital, and the surrounding Podlaskie region, roughly corresponding to the territory of the earlier Belostok Oblast.<a href="#cite_note-gatrell-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> At the end of World War I the city became part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Independence_Day_(Poland)" title="National Independence Day (Poland)">newly independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a>, as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok Voivodeship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> Białystok and the surroundings areas regained independence only on February 19, 1919, three months after the rest of Poland, due to delay in the departure of the German Army from the city.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> During the 1919–1920 <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a>, possession of the city by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Polish_Revolutionary_Committee" title="Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee">Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee</a> occurred during the lead up to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920)" title="Battle of Warsaw (1920)">Battle of Warsaw</a>. During the resultant counteroffensive, the city returned to Polish control after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Battle of Białystok">Battle of Białystok</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wizyta_Naczelnika_Pa%C5%84stwa_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_(22-323-7).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Wizyta_Naczelnika_Pa%C5%84stwa_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%2822-323-7%29.jpg/220px-Wizyta_Naczelnika_Pa%C5%84stwa_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%2822-323-7%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Wizyta_Naczelnika_Pa%C5%84stwa_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%2822-323-7%29.jpg/330px-Wizyta_Naczelnika_Pa%C5%84stwa_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%2822-323-7%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Wizyta_Naczelnika_Pa%C5%84stwa_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%2822-323-7%29.jpg/440px-Wizyta_Naczelnika_Pa%C5%84stwa_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%2822-323-7%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2538" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a>'s visit to Białystok in 1921</figcaption></figure> After the wars and the <a href="/wiki/National_Independence_Day_(Poland)" title="National Independence Day (Poland)">reestablishment of independent</a> Poland, Polish education in Białystok was restored and the textile industry was revived.<a href="#cite_note-BST-23">[22]</a> A municipal public library was established, sports clubs were founded, including <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonia_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Jagiellonia Białystok">Jagiellonia Białystok</a>, and in the 1930s a <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_W%C4%99gierki_Drama_Theatre_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Węgierki Drama Theatre in Białystok">drama theater</a> was built.<a href="#cite_note-BST-23">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: World War II">edit</a>]</div> With the beginning of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Poland was invaded by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_invasion_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi invasion of Poland">Nazi Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet Union</a>. Initially Białystok was briefly <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)">occupied</a> by Germany, and the German <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppe IV</a> entered the city on September 20–21, 1939 to commit <a href="/wiki/Nazi_crimes_against_the_Polish_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi crimes against the Polish nation">crimes against the population</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> Afterwards, the Germans handed the city over to the Soviet Union, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a>. Under Soviet occupation, it was <a href="/wiki/Soviet_annexation_of_Western_Belorussia" title="Soviet annexation of Western Belorussia">incorporated</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Byelorussian SSR">Byelorussian SSR</a> from 1939 to 1941 as the capital of <a href="/wiki/Belastok_Region" title="Belastok Region">Belastok Region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> Polish people were subject to deportations deep into the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Far North</a>).<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Pre-war mayor Seweryn Nowakowski was arrested by the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> in October 1939 and probably also deported to the USSR, however his fate remains unknown.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> The <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> took over the local prison.<a href="#cite_note-gr-32">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance movement</a> was active in the city, which was the seat of one of the six main commands of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Armed_Struggle" title="Union of Armed Struggle">Union of Armed Struggle</a> in occupied Poland (alongside <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów">Lwów</a>).<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Białystok native and future President of Poland <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">in exile</a> <a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kaczorowski" title="Ryszard Kaczorowski">Ryszard Kaczorowski</a> was a member of the local Polish resistance and was arrested in the city by the NKVD in 1940.<a href="#cite_note-rk-50">[49]</a> Initially the Soviets sentenced him to death, but eventually he was sentenced to 10 years in <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">forced labor camps</a> and deported to <a href="/wiki/Kolyma" title="Kolyma">Kolyma</a>, from where he was released in 1942, when he joined the <a href="/wiki/Anders%27_Army" title="Anders' Army">Anders' Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rk-50">[49]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henryk_Podd%C4%99bski_Bia%C5%82ystok_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Henryk_Podd%C4%99bski_Bia%C5%82ystok_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_02.jpg/220px-Henryk_Podd%C4%99bski_Bia%C5%82ystok_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Henryk_Podd%C4%99bski_Bia%C5%82ystok_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_02.jpg/330px-Henryk_Podd%C4%99bski_Bia%C5%82ystok_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Henryk_Podd%C4%99bski_Bia%C5%82ystok_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_02.jpg/440px-Henryk_Podd%C4%99bski_Bia%C5%82ystok_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2034" data-file-height="1428" /></a><figcaption>Białystok in the interbellum</figcaption></figure> In the course of the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">German invasion of the Soviet Union</a> in 1941, Białystok was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German Army</a> on 27 June 1941, during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bia%C5%82ystok%E2%80%93Minsk" title="Battle of Białystok–Minsk">Battle of Białystok–Minsk</a>, and the city became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezirk Białystok">Bezirk Białystok</a>, a separate region in <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of Poland">German occupied Poland</a>, until 1944.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Great Synagogue (Białystok)">Great Synagogue</a> was burnt down by Germans on June 27, 1941, with an estimated number of 2,000 Jews inside. From the very beginning, the Nazis pursued a ruthless policy of pillage and removal of the non-German population. The Germans operated a Nazi prison in the city,<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a> camp for Jewish men.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Since 1943, the <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">Sicherheitspolizei</a> carried out deportations of Poles including teenage boys from the local prison to the <a href="/wiki/Stutthof_concentration_camp" title="Stutthof concentration camp">Stutthof concentration camp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> The 56,000 Jewish residents of the town were confined in a ghetto.<a href="#cite_note-ushmm-56">[55]</a> On August 15, 1943, the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Białystok Ghetto Uprising">Białystok Ghetto Uprising</a> began, and several hundred <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland" title="History of the Jews in Poland">Polish Jews</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Military_Organisation" title="Anti-Fascist Military Organisation">Anti-Fascist Military Organisation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa) started an armed struggle against the German troops who were carrying out the planned liquidation of the ghetto with deportations to the <a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka extermination camp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Ultimately the ghetto was liquidated, and the vast majority of its remaining 40,000 occupants including men, woman and children, were murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators, primarily at the Treblinka death camp. The city fell under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> on 27 July 1944. The Soviets carried out mass arrests of Polish resistance members in the city and region, and imprisoned them in Białystok. On 20 September 1944 the city was transferred back to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Communism">Fall of Communism</a> in the 1980s, and the Soviet <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> and <a href="/wiki/SMERSH" title="SMERSH">SMERSH</a> continued the persecution of the Polish resistance in the following months. From November 1944 to January 1945, the Russians deported nearly 5,000 Poles from the local prison to the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Later on, the Soviet-appointed communists held political prisoners and other members of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)">Polish resistance</a> in the local prison, and until 1956, they also carried out burials of executed Polish resistance members there.<a href="#cite_note-gr-32">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_period">Post-war period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-war period">edit</a>]</div> After the war, the city became capital of the initial <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1945%E2%80%931975)" class="mw-redirect" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1945–1975)">Białystok Voivodeship</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Poland">People's Republic of Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_reform_in_Poland_(1975)" title="Administrative reform in Poland (1975)">1975 administrative reform</a>, the city was the capital of the now smaller <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Białystok Voivodeship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ustawa-62">[61]</a> Since 1999 it has been the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Republic of Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ustawa-62">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Podlaskie_-_Dobrzyniewo_Duze_-_Biala_river_-_bdg_near_Fasty_-_E.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="the Biala River near the city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Podlaskie_-_Dobrzyniewo_Duze_-_Biala_river_-_bdg_near_Fasty_-_E.JPG/220px-Podlaskie_-_Dobrzyniewo_Duze_-_Biala_river_-_bdg_near_Fasty_-_E.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Podlaskie_-_Dobrzyniewo_Duze_-_Biala_river_-_bdg_near_Fasty_-_E.JPG/330px-Podlaskie_-_Dobrzyniewo_Duze_-_Biala_river_-_bdg_near_Fasty_-_E.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Podlaskie_-_Dobrzyniewo_Duze_-_Biala_river_-_bdg_near_Fasty_-_E.JPG/440px-Podlaskie_-_Dobrzyniewo_Duze_-_Biala_river_-_bdg_near_Fasty_-_E.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Biała River near Białystok</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Podlaskie_-_Gr%C3%B3dek_-_Puszcza_Knyszy%C5%84ska_-_Bierozoj_%C5%81ostok-_Rozlewisko_-_v-ESE.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Podlaskie_-_Gr%C3%B3dek_-_Puszcza_Knyszy%C5%84ska_-_Bierozoj_%C5%81ostok-_Rozlewisko_-_v-ESE.JPG/220px-Podlaskie_-_Gr%C3%B3dek_-_Puszcza_Knyszy%C5%84ska_-_Bierozoj_%C5%81ostok-_Rozlewisko_-_v-ESE.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Podlaskie_-_Gr%C3%B3dek_-_Puszcza_Knyszy%C5%84ska_-_Bierozoj_%C5%81ostok-_Rozlewisko_-_v-ESE.JPG/330px-Podlaskie_-_Gr%C3%B3dek_-_Puszcza_Knyszy%C5%84ska_-_Bierozoj_%C5%81ostok-_Rozlewisko_-_v-ESE.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Podlaskie_-_Gr%C3%B3dek_-_Puszcza_Knyszy%C5%84ska_-_Bierozoj_%C5%81ostok-_Rozlewisko_-_v-ESE.JPG/440px-Podlaskie_-_Gr%C3%B3dek_-_Puszcza_Knyszy%C5%84ska_-_Bierozoj_%C5%81ostok-_Rozlewisko_-_v-ESE.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Knyszyn_Forest_Landscape_Park" title="Knyszyn Forest Landscape Park">Knyszyn Forest Landscape Park</a></figcaption></figure> Białystok is situated in the Białystok Uplands (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Wysoczyzna Białostocka) of the Podlaskie Plain (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Nizina Północnopodlaska), part of what is known collectively as the Green Lungs of Poland.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kondracki-64">[63]</a> It is situated 197 kilometres (122 mi) by road northeast of <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GM-9">[8]</a> It is the biggest Polish city close to <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>. The Biała River, a left tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Supra%C5%9Bl_(river)" title="Supraśl (river)">Supraśl River</a>, passes through the city. The landscape of the Białystok Upland is diverse, with high <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraine</a> hills and <a href="/wiki/Kame" title="Kame">kame</a> in excess of 200 m (660 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>. Vast areas of <a href="/wiki/Outwash_plain" title="Outwash plain">outwash</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Glaciology" title="Glaciology">glacial</a> <a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">plain</a> formed of <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediments</a> deposited by meltwater at the terminus of a <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glacier</a>, are covered by forests.<a href="#cite_note-Kondracki-64">[63]</a> The highest point of the city lies at a height of 175 m (574 ft) on the Pietrasze Forest. The lowest point lies at a height of 118 m (387 ft) on the river valley of the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_(Supra%C5%9Bl)" title="Biała (Supraśl)">Biała</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> A characteristic element of the relief of the city area are clear depressions in the surface of the moraine plateau, which are used by the rivers Biała, Horodnianka, and Czaplinianka. Forests are an important part of the city character, they currently occupy approximately 1,846 ha (4,560 acres) (18% of the administrative area of the city) which places it as the fifth most "wooded" city in Poland; behind Katowice (38%), Bydgoszcz (30%), Toruń (22.9%) and Gdańsk (17.6%).<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> There are a total of 9 parks in the city (on municipal plots), of which 5 are historic parks with a total area of about 59.06 ha, entered into the municipal register of monuments, and 4 are city parks with an area of about 21.68 ha.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Part of <a href="/wiki/Knyszyn_Forest" title="Knyszyn Forest">Knyszyn Forest</a> is preserved within the city limits by two <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature reserves">nature reserves</a>—a total area of 105 ha (260 acres).<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> The Zwierzyniecki Forest Nature Reserve (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Rezerwat przyrody Las Zwierzyniecki), which is contained within the city limits, is a fragment, 33.48 ha (82.7 acres), of the <a href="/wiki/Riparian_forest" title="Riparian forest">riparian forest</a> with a dominant assemblage of <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hornbeam" title="Hornbeam">hornbeam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> The Antoniuk Nature Reserve (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Rezerwat Przyrody Antoniuk) is a 70.07 ha (173.1 acres) park in the city that preserves the natural state of a forest fragment characteristic of the Białystok Upland, with a dominant mixed forest of <a href="/wiki/Hazel" title="Hazel">hazel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spruce" title="Spruce">spruce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> The 40 ha (99 acres) of forests lying in the vicinity of the Dojlidy Ponds are administered by the Białystok Central Sports and Recreation Center(<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Białostocki Ośrodek Sportu i Rekreacji – BOSiR). The Dojlidy Ponds recreation area includes a public beach, walking trails, birdwatching and fishing.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> The city has a warm-summer <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate#Dfb/Dwb/Dsb:_Mild_to_Cool_summer_subtype" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hemiboreal" title="Hemiboreal">hemiboreal</a> climate (Dfb) according to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> system under the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm for the average temperature of the coldest month, or an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (Cfb) if the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm is used. The city would have been classified as being in the Dfb zone regardless of the accepted isotherm for <a href="/wiki/Climatological_normal" title="Climatological normal">climatological normals</a> as recent as 1981–2010,<a href="#cite_note-:1-72">[71]</a> but as a consequence of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Poland" title="Climate change in Poland">climate change</a>, the winters have warmed up so that the climate in the city may be classified as oceanic. Białystok is one of the coldest cities in Poland by annual temperature and one with the climate having the most continental characteristics, as is the case for much of north-eastern Poland, with the mean yearly temperature of 7.7 °C (46 °F) and the length of the <a href="/wiki/Growing_season" title="Growing season">growing season</a> amounting to 205 days, shorter than elsewhere in Poland.<a href="#cite_note-:0-73">[72]</a> While winters are rather mild compared to other cities on the similar latitude, such as <a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barnaul" title="Barnaul">Barnaul</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>, they are colder than in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> (in cities like <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>). Winters usually have little sunshine, with weather patterns changing from those influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Low_Pressure_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Pressure Systems">low-pressure systems</a> generated by the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Low" title="Icelandic Low">Icelandic Low</a> (when the weather is often cloudy, cool, damp, rainy and/or snowy) to the occasional intrusions of cold air masses from <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siberian_High" title="Siberian High">Siberian High</a>), which, due to the city's northeasterly location, are more frequent than in other parts of Poland.<a href="#cite_note-:0-73">[72]</a> Winters thus tend to be several degrees colder than elsewhere in Poland.<a href="#cite_note-:2-74">[73]</a> Freezing conditions below −20 °C (−4 °F) are possible in winter but are rare.<a href="#cite_note-:1-72">[71]</a> Snow cover is present on the ground for more than half of winter. Summers tend to be warm, sunny and pleasant and are occasionally hot, but they are still a little cooler than in most of Poland.<a href="#cite_note-:2-74">[73]</a> More rain falls in summer months than in any other period of the year. The centre of Białystok, as most urban areas, experiences the <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban heat island effect">urban heat island effect</a>, therefore for most of the time, the city is warmer than the surrounding countryside. The temperatures in the city centre are, on average, 2.3 °C (4.1 °F) higher than in the surrounding villages, with greater differences at night and during the warmer half of the year, particularly in spring.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Białystok (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 (60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3 (84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0 (96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2 (95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6 (92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4 (77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5 (65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.0 (96.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 (43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 (46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4 (59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0 (80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4 (84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8 (87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 (45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4 (31.3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 (43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6 (56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2 (72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 (53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 (41.4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8 (27.0) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9 (28.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 (35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 (46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 (36.9) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2 (29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4 (22.3) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9 (23.2) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4 (27.7) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (38.5) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (32.4) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6 (25.5) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.2 (37.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.5 (−1.3) </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.3 (2.7) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.1 (12.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0 (23.0) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7 (30.7) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 (38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 (44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 (41.5) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (32.2) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1 (22.8) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.3 (17.1) </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.7 (5.5) </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−21.8 (−7.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35.4 (−31.7) </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.9 (−27.2) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.0 (−11.2) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.3 (17.1) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5 (23.9) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2 (31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 (39.6) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (32.4) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1 (22.8) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.2 (11.8) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.7 (−5.3) </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.3 (−20.7) </td> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−35.4 (−31.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8 (1.33) </td> <td style="background: #CBFFCB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4 (1.24) </td> <td style="background: #CBFFCB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (1.36) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7 (1.48) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.1 (2.72) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4 (2.57) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.5 (3.41) </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.4 (2.73) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.0 (2.20) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.2 (1.86) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.2 (1.54) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.9 (1.57) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">610.2 (24.02) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (4.0) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (3.0) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (0.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 (0.2) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 (1.4) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.9 (4.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) </th> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.50 </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.91 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.17 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.23 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.67 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.27 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.53 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.70 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.83 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.97 </td> <td style="background: #3C3CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.23 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.00 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">165.01 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) </th> <td style="background: #0D0DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.6 </td> <td style="background: #0D0DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.8 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">68.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000AB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000DD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000D6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000C2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000A5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000A4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000CA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5 (23) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5 (23) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2 (28) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 (36) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 (46) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 (52) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14 (57) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13 (55) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (50) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 (41) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 (36) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2 (28) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4 (40) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #454545; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1 </td> <td style="background: #737373; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.4 </td> <td style="background: #B7B75A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.1 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.7 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">254.1 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">259.3 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">256.9 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">250.5 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.8 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.1 </td> <td style="background: #484848; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4 </td> <td style="background: #343434; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">28.9 </td> <td style="background: #C3C310; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,755.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management<a href="#cite_note-IMGWtavg-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMGWtmin-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMGWtmax-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMGWprecip-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMGWprecipdays-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMGWsnowdepth-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMGWsnowdays-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMGWsun-83">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020),<a href="#cite_note-recordhigh-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-recordlow-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-relativehumidity-86">[85]</a> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Białystok (<a href="/wiki/Dojlidy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dojlidy">Dojlidy</a>), elevation: 148 m, 1961-1990 normals and extremes </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4 (81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1 (86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8 (94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8 (85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4 (77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8 (62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.8 (94.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2 (28.0) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6 (30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5 (70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6 (72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4 (63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 (40.3) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.0 (51.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8 (23.4) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.8 (25.2) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 (44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9 (55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1 (28.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.7 (44.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.7 (18.1) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.8 (19.8) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4 (25.9) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 (35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 (53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 (45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (38.5) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1 (31.8) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.6 (23.7) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.5 (36.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35.4 (−31.7) </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.9 (−27.2) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.0 (−11.2) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.3 (17.1) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5 (23.9) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 (33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (32.4) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1 (22.8) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.9 (14.2) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.7 (−5.3) </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26.2 (−15.2) </td> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−35.4 (−31.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 (1.4) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 (1.0) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 (1.2) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (1.4) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74 (2.9) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80 (3.1) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 (2.8) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 (2.0) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 (1.8) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 (1.8) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 (1.6) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">592 (23.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">106.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><a href="#cite_note-noaa-88">[87]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="width: 80%;"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> See or edit <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Bia%C5%82ystok.tab" class="extiw" title="commons:data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Białystok.tab">raw graph data</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_layout">Urban layout</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Urban layout">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20200508_090415_Rynek_Ko%C5%9Bciuszki_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_May_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/20200508_090415_Rynek_Ko%C5%9Bciuszki_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_May_2020.jpg/220px-20200508_090415_Rynek_Ko%C5%9Bciuszki_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_May_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/20200508_090415_Rynek_Ko%C5%9Bciuszki_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_May_2020.jpg/330px-20200508_090415_Rynek_Ko%C5%9Bciuszki_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_May_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/20200508_090415_Rynek_Ko%C5%9Bciuszki_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_May_2020.jpg/440px-20200508_090415_Rynek_Ko%C5%9Bciuszki_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_May_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Market_Square" title="Kościuszko Market Square">Kościuszko Square</a> in 2020</figcaption></figure> Białystok is roughly circular, centered around the <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Market_Square" title="Kościuszko Market Square">Central market square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Branicki_Palace,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Branicki Palace, Białystok">Branicki Palace</a>. The decisive influence on the development of the city was exerted by natural and human factors - the course of roads, the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_(Supra%C5%9Bl)" title="Biała (Supraśl)">Biała</a> and its tributaries and the layout of railway lines. The choice of land for the construction of the factory was also determined by the price of the plot. The layout of the city, in accordance with the 18th century palace and park layout, emphasizing the magnificence of the residence, hindered the development of the city in width. Two railway lines: Białystok-Suwałki and Białystok-Słonim, separated its northern and eastern parts from the rest of the city: Dziesięciny, Wygoda, Zacisze, Pieczurki. Originally, the city's territory was about 50 hectares. In its early days Białystok was located at the intersection of two local roads and had two most important monuments: a church (with the current brick church from 1626) with an <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Market_Square" title="Kościuszko Market Square">accompanying market square</a> and a Gothic castle owned by the noble Wiesiołowski family, the former owners of the town. The project which was aimed at rebuilding the layout of the city was initiated by Stefan Mikołaj Branicki at the end of the 17th and early 18th centuries. He established a new market (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Nowy Rynek) (part of the western side of <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Square,_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Kościuszko Square, Białystok">Kosciuszki Square</a> with the town hall, located on the western side of <a href="/wiki/Sienkiewicza_Street,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Sienkiewicza Street, Białystok">Sienkiewicza Street</a>). The route leading towards <a href="/wiki/Sura%C5%BC" title="Suraż">Suraż</a> was moved to a new location (today's Suraska Street) forming straight road section ending in the southern corner of the market square and creating a new viewing corridor. This design decision made it possible to erect new buildings so that the old part of the settlement and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="History of the Jews in Białystok">Jewish quarter</a> were no longer visible. The second viewing corridor was created by shifting the <a href="/wiki/Lipowa_Street,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Lipowa Street, Białystok">existing route leading towards Choroszcz</a> to the northern corner of the market square.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20191110_153631_Sienkiewicza_77_Bialystok_November_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/20191110_153631_Sienkiewicza_77_Bialystok_November_2019.jpg/220px-20191110_153631_Sienkiewicza_77_Bialystok_November_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/20191110_153631_Sienkiewicza_77_Bialystok_November_2019.jpg/330px-20191110_153631_Sienkiewicza_77_Bialystok_November_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/20191110_153631_Sienkiewicza_77_Bialystok_November_2019.jpg/440px-20191110_153631_Sienkiewicza_77_Bialystok_November_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>An example of Białystok's urban contrast, with a mix of heritage and contemporary architecture</figcaption></figure> The communication system serving the entire city was made of streets radiating out from the <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Square_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Kościuszko Square in Białystok">central market square</a>. An inventory plan made by Becker in 1799 was needed by the Prussian authorities in connection with the negotiations on the acquisition of Białystok for a royal residence. The plan is of fundamental importance as it shows the development of the city in the first period of its creation. The area of the city did not exceed 1.5 km2, and the population was approx. 3.5 thousand. The entire urban area was closed with 6 loose-fitting gates and buildings situated on regular plots. Compact buildings were found only in the market square, the frontages of which were 1- 2-storey buildings with brick front elevations. <a href="/wiki/Lipowa_Street,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Lipowa Street, Białystok">Choroska</a> and Zamkowa Streets were built up with only brick houses. The city was dominated by the palace complex, which, together with the park, covered a substantial area. The residence palace was designed on a European scale and created new development opportunities for Białystok.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> Following the handover of the city from the Prussian Kingdom to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in the early 19th century, the city began growing in a very fast pace as a result of intensive industrialization, losing its original Baroque composition.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the first attempts were made to organize the city, which had so far developed without plans - between the palace grounds and arable land. At the request of the Association of Polish Cities, in the years 1938-1939 a general urban concept of the city was created by Ignacy Tłoczek. The plan called for the creation of new communication routes, relieve the center, demolish the Chanajki district, create a housing estate and connect with it the unique green areas around the city with new tree plantings. The Second World War prevented the comprehensive implementation of this plan. In addition, in 1919 the city's territory was significantly expanded, incorporating the surrounding villages with plans of expanding the city.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Roch_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Saint_Roch_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_2.jpg/220px-Saint_Roch_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Saint_Roch_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_2.jpg/330px-Saint_Roch_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Saint_Roch_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_2.jpg/440px-Saint_Roch_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Roch%27s_Church,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="St. Roch's Church, Białystok">St. Roch's Church</a>, 1920s and 1930s <a href="/wiki/Modernist_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist architecture">Modernist architecture</a></figcaption></figure> The average height of buildings in the city is not high. The center is dominated by buildings not exceeding 25 meters in height, and the outskirts of the city are mainly occupied by low-rise single-family houses. Taller buildings dominate in some residential districts such as the districts of Piasta <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Piasta_I,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Piasta I, Białystok">I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Piasta_II,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Piasta II, Białystok">II</a> (located to the south of the city center), Dziesięciny <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dziesi%C4%99ciny_I,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dziesięciny I, Białystok">I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dziesi%C4%99ciny_II,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dziesięciny II, Białystok">II</a> estates (located to the northwest of the city center) as well as <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Wysoki_Stoczek,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Wysoki Stoczek, Białystok">Wysoki Stoczek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_S%C5%82oneczny_Stok,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Słoneczny Stok, Białystok">Słoneczny Stok</a>. Dominants in Białystok are located mainly in the center and they are also there located two most important city icons: the <a href="/wiki/St._Roch%27s_Church,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="St. Roch's Church, Białystok">St. Roch's Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Cathedral" title="Białystok Cathedral">Białystok Cathedral</a>, which are on one axis. Each of the districts also has its dominant, which is usually a church or an Orthodox church. The most important space in the city is <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Square_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Kościuszko Square in Białystok">Kościuszko Square</a> - the main square in the shape of a triangle. The space is delimited by two axes, one is part of the axis connecting the two largest churches, and the other runs towards the west of the Center district along Suraska Street and ends at Młynowa Street. An important spatial arrangement in Białystok is the Branicki Palace complex. The Baroque layout of the palace complex is symmetrically shaped according to one compositional axis with a coherent garden layout.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> Throughout the years it expanded to include nearby villages: In the mid-eighteenth century <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bojary,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Bojary, Białystok">Bojary</a> which was located on the right bank of the Biala River was incorporated to it. On May 10, 1919, in accordance with the decision of the Sejm, <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ostoczek_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Białostoczek (Białystok)">Bialostoczek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horodniany" title="Horodniany">Horodniany</a>, Zwierzyniec-Letnisko, <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Starosielce,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Starosielce, Białystok">Starosielce</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82oboda,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Słoboda, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Słoboda</a> (which was founded at the end of the 17th century, between the current Pogodna and Świerkowa Streets), Ogrodniki, Pieczurki, <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Wysoki_Stoczek,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Wysoki Stoczek, Białystok">Wysoki Stoczek</a> were incorporated also, as well as two mill villages Marczuk and <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Antoniuk,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Antoniuk, Białystok">Antoniuk</a>. By the onset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the city's territory amounted to 40 km2.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> The reconstruction of the city following the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and establishment of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Poland">People's Republic of Poland</a> saw further expansion: the villages <a href="/wiki/Bacieczki" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacieczki">Bacieczki</a>, Bacieczki Kolonia, <a href="/wiki/Korycin" title="Korycin">Korycin</a> and part of the village <a href="/wiki/Klepacze,_Bia%C5%82ystok_County" title="Klepacze, Białystok County">Klepacze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krupniki" title="Krupniki">Krupniki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fasty" title="Fasty">Fasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Za%C5%9Bcianki_(Kurowszczyzna)" title="Zaścianki (Kurowszczyzna)">Zaścianki</a> and Zawady were incorporated into the city. The 70s saw another wave of expansion with the villages of <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bagn%C3%B3wka,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Bagnówka, Białystok">Bagnówka</a>, area of Zakłady Silikatowe, areas of state forests, Dojlidy ponds and the orthodox cemetery at Dojlidy. At the onset of the millennium, in 2002, the village <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Zawady,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Zawady, Białystok">Zawady</a> was included in the city's limits and at the last enlargement, in 2006, the villages Dojlidy Górne, Zagórki and Kolonia Halickie were incorporated and the city reached its current territory of 102 km2.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Districts">Districts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Districts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-07_Bia%C5%82ystok_(30).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/2019-07_Bia%C5%82ystok_%2830%29.jpg/220px-2019-07_Bia%C5%82ystok_%2830%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/2019-07_Bia%C5%82ystok_%2830%29.jpg/330px-2019-07_Bia%C5%82ystok_%2830%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/2019-07_Bia%C5%82ystok_%2830%29.jpg/440px-2019-07_Bia%C5%82ystok_%2830%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2751" data-file-height="1847" /></a><figcaption>Kilińskiego Street, one of the historic streets in <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Centrum,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Centrum, Białystok">Centrum</a>, the central district of Białystok</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Districts of Białystok">Districts of Białystok</a></div> The city of Białystok is divided into 29 administrative units, known in <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> as <a href="/wiki/Osiedle" title="Osiedle">osiedla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Districts-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> The first 27 of these were created on October 25, 2004.<a href="#cite_note-Districts-96">[95]</a> The 28th, <a href="/wiki/Dojlidy_G%C3%B3rne" class="mw-redirect" title="Dojlidy Górne">Dojlidy Górne</a>, was created by on October 23, 2006, out of three settlements which had been incorporated into the city: <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dojlidy_G%C3%B3rne,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dojlidy Górne, Białystok">Dojlidy Górne</a>, Kolonia Halickie, and Zagórki. A new district called <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bagn%C3%B3wka,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Bagnówka, Białystok">Bagnówka</a> was created at the beginning of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Districts-96">[95]</a> The center of the city, <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Centrum,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Centrum, Białystok">Osiedle Centrum</a>, surrounds <a href="/wiki/Lipowa_Street_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipowa Street in Białystok">Lipowa Street</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Main_street" class="mw-redirect" title="Main street">main street</a> of the city. Lipowa Street extends from <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Square_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Kościuszko Square in Białystok">Rynek Kościuszki</a> (the corner of Spółdzielcza Street) to Plac Niepodległości im. Romana Dmowskiego (the corner of Krakowska Street).<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> Over the centuries the name of this street has taken on a number of different names; <a href="/wiki/Choroszcz" title="Choroszcz">Choroska</a>, Nowolipie, Lipowa, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and Joseph Stalin, once again, to return, after the end of World War II, to its original name – Lipowa Street. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bia%C5%82ystok_skwer_im._Konstantyna_I_Wielkiego.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bia%C5%82ystok_skwer_im._Konstantyna_I_Wielkiego.jpg/220px-Bia%C5%82ystok_skwer_im._Konstantyna_I_Wielkiego.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bia%C5%82ystok_skwer_im._Konstantyna_I_Wielkiego.jpg/330px-Bia%C5%82ystok_skwer_im._Konstantyna_I_Wielkiego.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bia%C5%82ystok_skwer_im._Konstantyna_I_Wielkiego.jpg/440px-Bia%C5%82ystok_skwer_im._Konstantyna_I_Wielkiego.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A public square dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a></figcaption></figure> The city covers 10,213 ha (25,240 acres)<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> of which 3,210 ha (7,900 acres) is <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_land" title="Agricultural land">agricultural land</a>, 4,889 ha (12,080 acres) is <a href="/wiki/Urbanized_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanized area">urbanized areas</a>, 85 ha (210 acres) is surface waters and 65 ha (160 acres) is wasteland.<a href="#cite_note-land_use-101">[100]</a> The composition of the districts vary from residential near the city center, with a combination of multi-story apartment buildings and individual houses on small parcels, to industrial and agricultural at the city edges.<a href="#cite_note-land_use-101">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metropolitan_Białystok">Metropolitan Białystok</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Metropolitan Białystok">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Białystok">Metropolitan Białystok</a></div> Metropolitan Białystok was designated by the Voivodeship of the Regulation No. 52/05 of 16 May 2005 <a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> to help develop the region economically. In 2006, the metropolitan area population was 450,254 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> The municipalities adjacent to Białystok are slowly losing their agricultural character, becoming residential suburban neighborhoods with single-family housing and small businesses.<a href="#cite_note-CSO-104">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Demographics of Białystok">Demographics of Białystok</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">91,101</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">68,503</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−24.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">120,921</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+76.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">168,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+39.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1978</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">211,178</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+25.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1988</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">263,884</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">291,383</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">294,001</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">294,242</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source:<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> In June 2020, the population of the city was 296,958.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-CSO-104">[103]</a> Among the cities of Poland, Białystok is second in terms of population density, tenth in population, and thirteenth in area.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> Historically, Białystok has been a destination for internal and foreign immigration, especially from <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. In addition to the <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish minority</a>, there was formerly a Jewish majority in Białystok. The Jewish share in the population of Białystok grew from 22.4% (761) in 1765 to 66.6% (6,000) in 1808 and 76% (47,783) in 1895.<a href="#cite_note-Wrobel-110">[109]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Empire Census">Russian census of 1897</a>, out of the total population of 66,000, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> constituted 41,900 (around 63% percent).<a href="#cite_note-zimmerman-33">[32]</a> According to the German census of 1916, Jews comprised about 72% of the inhabitants (no less than 40,000). The demographic situation changed due to the influx of Polish repatriants, <a href="/wiki/Intelligentsia" title="Intelligentsia">intelligentsia</a> and civil servants, and the enlargement of the city after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wrobel-110">[109]</a> According to the 1931 census, the population of Białystok totalled 91,101: 45.5% (41,493) <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a>, 43% (39,165) Jews (by religion), and 8.2% (7,502) <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> believers.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> In 1936, Białystok had a population of 99,722, of whom: 50.9% (50,758) were Poles, 42.6% (42,482) Jews, 2.1% (2,094) <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> and 0.4% (359) Russians; 46.6% (45,474) adhered to the Catholic religion, 43% (42,880) to Judaism, 8.2% (8,177) to Eastern Orthodoxy and 2.9% (2,892) to <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wrobel-110">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> changed all of this: in 1939, around 107,000 people lived in Białystok,<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> but by 1946, the population had dropped to 56,759, with much less ethnic diversity than it had had previously, due primarily to the murder of its large Jewish population.<a href="#cite_note-ushmm-56">[55]</a> Currently the city's population is 97% Polish, 2.5% Belarusian and 0.5% of a number of minorities including Russians, Lithuanians, and Ukrainians.<a href="#cite_note-yearbook-114">[113]</a> Most of the modern-day population growth is based on internal migration within Poland and urbanization of surrounding areas.<a href="#cite_note-yearbook-114">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Politics of Białystok">Politics of Białystok</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6418_Podlaski_Urz%C4%85d_Wojew%C3%B3dzki_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_Ulica_Mickiewicza_3_August_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/6418_Podlaski_Urz%C4%85d_Wojew%C3%B3dzki_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_Ulica_Mickiewicza_3_August_2019.jpg/220px-6418_Podlaski_Urz%C4%85d_Wojew%C3%B3dzki_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_Ulica_Mickiewicza_3_August_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/6418_Podlaski_Urz%C4%85d_Wojew%C3%B3dzki_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_Ulica_Mickiewicza_3_August_2019.jpg/330px-6418_Podlaski_Urz%C4%85d_Wojew%C3%B3dzki_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_Ulica_Mickiewicza_3_August_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/6418_Podlaski_Urz%C4%85d_Wojew%C3%B3dzki_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_Ulica_Mickiewicza_3_August_2019.jpg/440px-6418_Podlaski_Urz%C4%85d_Wojew%C3%B3dzki_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_Ulica_Mickiewicza_3_August_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="3680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a> Office at <a href="/wiki/Mickiewicza_Street,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Mickiewicza Street, Białystok">Mickiewicza Street</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:District_Court_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_(Sk%C5%82odowskiej-Curie_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/District_Court_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_%28Sk%C5%82odowskiej-Curie_1%29.jpg/220px-District_Court_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_%28Sk%C5%82odowskiej-Curie_1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/District_Court_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_%28Sk%C5%82odowskiej-Curie_1%29.jpg/330px-District_Court_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_%28Sk%C5%82odowskiej-Curie_1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/District_Court_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_%28Sk%C5%82odowskiej-Curie_1%29.jpg/440px-District_Court_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_%28Sk%C5%82odowskiej-Curie_1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Regional Court in Białystok</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_government">City government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: City government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Politics of Białystok">Politics of Białystok</a></div> Białystok, like other major cities in Poland, is a <a href="/wiki/City_county_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="City county (Poland)">city county</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Miasto na prawach powiatu).<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislative power</a> in the city is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> Białystok <a href="/wiki/City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="City Council">City Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Rada Miasta), which has 28 members.<a href="#cite_note-miasta-116">[115]</a> Council members are elected directly every four years, one of whom is the <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a>, or <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)#Sub-national" title="President (government title)">President</a> of Białystok (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: prezydent).<a href="#cite_note-miasta-116">[115]</a> Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government.<a href="#cite_note-miasta-116">[115]</a> Bills passed by a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">simple majority</a> are sent to the <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a>, who may sign them into law.<a href="#cite_note-miasta-116">[115]</a> If the mayor vetoes a bill, the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">two-thirds majority</a> vote.<a href="#cite_note-miasta-116">[115]</a> The current President of Białystok, elected for his first term in 2006, is <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Truskolaski" title="Tadeusz Truskolaski">Tadeusz Truskolaski</a> won the elections as the <a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform</a>'s candidate, however, he has no official connection with the party. In the first round of the elections he received 49% of the votes (42,889 votes altogether). In the later runoff he defeated his rival candidate Marek Kozlowski from <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice" title="Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Prawo i Sprawiedliwość), receiving 67% of the votes cast (53,018 votes).<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> For the 2010–2011 fiscal year the city received revenue (taxes levied + investments) of 1,409,565,525 zł, expended 1,676,459,102 zł leaving a budget deficit of 266,893,577 zł.<a href="#cite_note-biabudget-118">[117]</a> The deficit was covered by short-term borrowing of 166,893,577 zł and the issuance of 100 million zł in <a href="/wiki/Municipal_bond" title="Municipal bond">municipal bonds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-biabudget-118">[117]</a> Other levels of governmental representation It is also the seat of government for the <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> The city is represented by several members of both houses of the Polish Parliament (<a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Senat</a>) from the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_(parliamentary_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Białystok (parliamentary constituency)">Białystok constituency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> Białystok is represented by the <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_and_Warmian-Masurian_(European_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Podlaskie and Warmian-Masurian (European Parliament constituency)">Podlaskie and Warmian-Masurian constituency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_relations">International relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:152px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Konsulat_Chorwacji_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_(Zanenhofa_25).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Konsulat_Chorwacji_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Zanenhofa_25%29.jpg/114px-Konsulat_Chorwacji_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Zanenhofa_25%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Konsulat_Chorwacji_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Zanenhofa_25%29.jpg/171px-Konsulat_Chorwacji_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Zanenhofa_25%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Konsulat_Chorwacji_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Zanenhofa_25%29.jpg/228px-Konsulat_Chorwacji_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Zanenhofa_25%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:152px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Willa_pod_Kariatydami_-_Lipowa_24_-_2017-02-10_19-41-32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Willa_pod_Kariatydami_-_Lipowa_24_-_2017-02-10_19-41-32.jpg/160px-Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Willa_pod_Kariatydami_-_Lipowa_24_-_2017-02-10_19-41-32.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Willa_pod_Kariatydami_-_Lipowa_24_-_2017-02-10_19-41-32.jpg/240px-Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Willa_pod_Kariatydami_-_Lipowa_24_-_2017-02-10_19-41-32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Willa_pod_Kariatydami_-_Lipowa_24_-_2017-02-10_19-41-32.jpg/320px-Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Willa_pod_Kariatydami_-_Lipowa_24_-_2017-02-10_19-41-32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2993" data-file-height="2847" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Honorary consulates of Croatia and Luxembourg</div></div></div></div> There are thirteen consulates in Białystok, a <a href="/wiki/Consulate_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulate General">Consulate General</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> and Honorary Consulates of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>,<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> The City of Białystok is a member of several organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Metropolis#Poland" title="Metropolis">Union of Polish Metropolises</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Unia Metropolii Polskich),<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> Euroregion Niemen,<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> Polish Green Lungs Foundation,<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurocities" title="Eurocities">Eurocities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> Białystok is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bahir_Dar" title="Bahir Dar">Bahir Dar</a>, Ethiopia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bornova" title="Bornova">Bornova</a>, Turkey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-Villes_partenaires_de_Dijon-132">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dijon_Jumelages-133">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dobrich" title="Dobrich">Dobrich</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Eindhoven" title="Eindhoven">Eindhoven</a>, Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jelgava" title="Jelgava">Jelgava</a>, Latvia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia"><img alt="Zambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a>, Zambia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mazara_del_Vallo" title="Mazara del Vallo">Mazara del Vallo</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, United States<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Senegal" title="Saint-Louis, Senegal">Saint-Louis, Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sliema" title="Sliema">Sliema</a>, Malta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Urgench" title="Urgench">Urgench</a>, Uzbekistan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yehud,_Israel" title="Yehud, Israel">Yehud</a>, Israel</li></ul> </div> Former twin towns: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tomsk" title="Tomsk">Tomsk</a>, Russia</li></ul> </div> On 3 March 2022, Białystok ended its partnership with the Russian cities of Irkutsk, Kaliningrad, Pskov and Tomsk, and also with the Belarusian city of Grodno as a reaction to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a> cities: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lutsk" title="Lutsk">Lutsk</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gori,_Georgia" title="Gori, Georgia">Gori</a>, Georgia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83l%C8%9Bi" title="Bălți">Bălți</a>, Moldova</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gyumri" title="Gyumri">Gyumri</a>, Armenia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sumgait" title="Sumgait">Sumgait</a>, Azerbaijan</li></ul> </div> Former partnership: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Grodno" title="Grodno">Grodno</a>, Belarus</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_garrison">Military garrison</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Military garrison">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bia%C5%82ystok,_pa%C5%82ac,_ok._1900_Lipowa_35.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_pa%C5%82ac%2C_ok._1900_Lipowa_35.jpg/220px-Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_pa%C5%82ac%2C_ok._1900_Lipowa_35.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_pa%C5%82ac%2C_ok._1900_Lipowa_35.jpg/330px-Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_pa%C5%82ac%2C_ok._1900_Lipowa_35.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_pa%C5%82ac%2C_ok._1900_Lipowa_35.jpg/440px-Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_pa%C5%82ac%2C_ok._1900_Lipowa_35.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2928" /></a><figcaption>Military Drafting Office located in the historical Nowik Palace</figcaption></figure> The construction of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg%E2%80%93Warsaw_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway">Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway</a> which passed through the city and was the strategic nerve of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, resulted in the rising of the military importance of the city: In 1879, construction of the barracks of the Włodzimierski Infantry Regiment began (currently it is the area of the <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_Hospital_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Voivodeship Hospital in Białystok">Voivodeship hospital</a> between Wojskowa, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Skłodowskiej-Curie</a> and Wołodyjowskiego Streets). In 1884, barracks of the Kazan Infantry Regiment were established at Traugutta Street in <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Wygoda,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Wygoda, Białystok">Wygoda</a>. In 1887, barracks of the Mariampole Dragon Regiment were erected at 100 Bema Street. In 1890, the barracks of Kharkov Uhlans Regiment were built at Kawaleryjska Street.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> Throughout the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> and the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a>, the city enjoyed the presence of the <a href="/wiki/42nd_Infantry_Regiment_(Poland)" title="42nd Infantry Regiment (Poland)">42nd Infantry Regiment</a> (barracks at Wygoda), <a href="/wiki/10th_Lithuanian_Uhlan_Regiment" title="10th Lithuanian Uhlan Regiment">10th Lithuanian Uhlan Regiment</a> (Kawaleryjska Street) and the <a href="/wiki/14th_Horse_Artillery_Divizion_(Poland)" title="14th Horse Artillery Divizion (Poland)">14th Horse Artillery Divizion</a> (Bema Street), the command of the <a href="/wiki/Podlaska_Cavalry_Brigade" title="Podlaska Cavalry Brigade">Podlaska Cavalry Brigade</a> and spare center (Skłodowskiej-Curie street, then Piwna), units of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_(Second_Polish_Republic)" title="Polish Armed Forces (Second Polish Republic)">Armed Forces of the Second Polish Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:8555_%C5%9Awi%C4%99to_Wojska_Polskiego_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_August_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/8555_%C5%9Awi%C4%99to_Wojska_Polskiego_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_August_2022.jpg/220px-8555_%C5%9Awi%C4%99to_Wojska_Polskiego_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_August_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/8555_%C5%9Awi%C4%99to_Wojska_Polskiego_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_August_2022.jpg/330px-8555_%C5%9Awi%C4%99to_Wojska_Polskiego_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_August_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/8555_%C5%9Awi%C4%99to_Wojska_Polskiego_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_August_2022.jpg/440px-8555_%C5%9Awi%C4%99to_Wojska_Polskiego_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_August_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="3680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Day_(Poland)" title="Armed Forces Day (Poland)">Polish Armed Forces Day</a> celebration at <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Market_Square" title="Kościuszko Market Square">Kościuszko Market Square</a> in 2022</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/18th_Reconnaissance_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="18th Reconnaissance Regiment">18th Reconnaissance Regiment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: 18 Pułk Rozpoznawczy) of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Land_Forces" title="Polish Land Forces">Polish Land Forces</a> is based in Białystok. The heritage of the unit was the former 18th Territorial Defense Battalion (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: 18 Białostocka Brygada Obrony Terytorialnej) and prior to that the former 18th Mechanized Brigade.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-138">[137]</a> December 31, 2001, as a result of the restructuring of the Armed Forces, 18th Mechanized Brigade (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: 18 Brygada Zmechanizowana) was disbanded and in its place created the 18th Territorial Defense Battalion (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: 18 Białostocka Brygada Obrony Terytorialnej).<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-138">[137]</a> The Cavalry Brigade "Białystok" (BK "Białystok") of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_(Second_Polish_Republic)" title="Polish Armed Forces (Second Polish Republic)">Polish Army of the Second Republic</a> was formed in February 1929. On April 1, 1937, BK "Białystok" was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Podlaska_Cavalry_Brigade" title="Podlaska Cavalry Brigade">Podlaska Cavalry Brigade</a>(<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Podlaska Brygada Kawalerii).<a href="#cite_note-Miroslaw_Giętkowski_1939-139">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-140">[139]</a> Its headquarters was located in Białystok and operated as part of <a href="/wiki/Independent_Operational_Group_Narew" title="Independent Operational Group Narew">Independent Operational Group Narew</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-140">[139]</a> It was formed from the Cavalry Brigade "Białystok", which existed between February 1929, and March 30, 1937.<a href="#cite_note-Miroslaw_Giętkowski_1939-139">[138]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion of Poland</a>, remnants of the Brigade fought both <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> troops, capitulating on October 6, 1939.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-140">[139]</a> During December 1993 an order of the Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces created the 18th Mechanized Brigade (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: 18 Brygada Zmechanizowana) at the garrison in Białystok.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-138">[137]</a> The unit was formed from the 3rd Mechanized Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: 3 Pułk Zmechanizowany) and was subordinated to the commander of the 1st Warsaw Mechanized Division (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: 1 Warszawskiej Dywizji Zmechanizowanej im. Tadeusza Kościuszki).<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-138">[137]</a> On December 31, 2001, as a result of the restructuring of the Armed Forces, the 18th Mechanized Brigade was disbanded and in its place was created the 18th Territorial Defense Battalion.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-138">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Economy of Białystok">Economy of Białystok</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waszyngtona_36_Bia%C5%82ystok_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Waszyngtona_36_Bia%C5%82ystok_3.jpg/220px-Waszyngtona_36_Bia%C5%82ystok_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Waszyngtona_36_Bia%C5%82ystok_3.jpg/330px-Waszyngtona_36_Bia%C5%82ystok_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Waszyngtona_36_Bia%C5%82ystok_3.jpg/440px-Waszyngtona_36_Bia%C5%82ystok_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>High-rise building in the city center</figcaption></figure> In the nineteenth century, Białystok was an important center for light industry, which was the reason for the substantial growth of the city's population. The tradition continued with many garment factories established in the twentieth century, such as Fasty in the district of <a href="/wiki/Bacieczki" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacieczki">Bacieczki</a>. However, after the fall of communism in 1989 many of these factories faced severe problems and subsequently closed down. The unemployment rate for November 2020 in Białystok was 6.8%.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> The 2009 average household had a monthly per capita income of 1018.77 zł <a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> and monthly per capita expenses of 823.56 zł<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> The city has a number of nearby border crossings.<a href="#cite_note-ecoprofile-144">[143]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Belarus–Poland border">border with Belarus</a> is only 50 km (31 mi) away, the nearest border crossings are located in; <a href="/wiki/Bobrowniki,_Bia%C5%82ystok_County" title="Bobrowniki, Białystok County">Bobrowniki</a> (road crossing located about 50 km (31 mi) from the city limits), <a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%BAnica_Bia%C5%82ostocka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuźnica Białostocka">Kuźnica Białostocka</a> (road and rail crossing located 60 km (37 mi) from the city limits), <a href="/wiki/Siemian%C3%B3wka" title="Siemianówka">Siemianówka</a> (railway – freight traffic), <a href="/wiki/Po%C5%82owce" title="Połowce">Połowce</a> (road) and <a href="/wiki/Czeremcha,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Czeremcha, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Czeremcha</a> (railway).<a href="#cite_note-ecoprofile-144">[143]</a> Since the border with Belarus is also the eastern border of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> the city is a center for trade in mainly from the east.<a href="#cite_note-ecoprofile-144">[143]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bialystok_-_Starosielce_-_ul._Elewatorska_-_Silosy_Podlaskich_Zakladow_Zbozowych.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="grain silos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bialystok_-_Starosielce_-_ul._Elewatorska_-_Silosy_Podlaskich_Zakladow_Zbozowych.jpg/220px-Bialystok_-_Starosielce_-_ul._Elewatorska_-_Silosy_Podlaskich_Zakladow_Zbozowych.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bialystok_-_Starosielce_-_ul._Elewatorska_-_Silosy_Podlaskich_Zakladow_Zbozowych.jpg/330px-Bialystok_-_Starosielce_-_ul._Elewatorska_-_Silosy_Podlaskich_Zakladow_Zbozowych.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bialystok_-_Starosielce_-_ul._Elewatorska_-_Silosy_Podlaskich_Zakladow_Zbozowych.jpg/440px-Bialystok_-_Starosielce_-_ul._Elewatorska_-_Silosy_Podlaskich_Zakladow_Zbozowych.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1891" data-file-height="1418" /></a><figcaption>Silos of Podlaskie Zakłady Zbożowe (Podlaskie Cereal Industrial Plants)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polmos_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_%C5%BBubr%C3%B3wka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Polmos_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_%C5%BBubr%C3%B3wka.jpg/220px-Polmos_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_%C5%BBubr%C3%B3wka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Polmos_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_%C5%BBubr%C3%B3wka.jpg/330px-Polmos_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_%C5%BBubr%C3%B3wka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Polmos_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_%C5%BBubr%C3%B3wka.jpg/440px-Polmos_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_%C5%BBubr%C3%B3wka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>The bison grass vodka called "<a href="/wiki/%C5%BBubr%C3%B3wka" title="Żubrówka">Żubrówka</a>" is made in Białystok at the <a href="/wiki/Polmos_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Polmos Białystok">Polmos Factory</a></figcaption></figure> The leading industries in the city's economy are food processing (production of meat products, fruit and vegetable products, the production of <a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverage">spirits</a>, the production of frozen food, grain processing), electrical engineering (production tools and equipment for machine tools, production of electric heaters, manufacture and production mixers household appliances).<a href="#cite_note-ecoprofile-144">[143]</a> There is also a developed machine industry (electronics, machinery and metal), plastic processing (production of household appliances), textiles (textiles and upholstery, manufacture of underwear, clothing accessories, footwear and backpacks), Wood (production plywood and furniture) building materials.<a href="#cite_note-ecoprofile-144">[143]</a> Some major employers who are based in Białystok include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dojlidy_Brewery" title="Dojlidy Brewery">Dojlidy Brewery</a> in the district of <a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dojlidy,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dojlidy, Białystok">Dojlidy</a> produces the second most popular <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> in Poland, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBubr_(beer)" title="Żubr (beer)">Żubr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polmos_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Polmos Białystok">Polmos Białystok</a>, the biggest <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">vodka</a> manufacturer in Poland, is located in the <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Districts of Białystok">city district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Starosielce" class="mw-redirect" title="Starosielce">Starosielce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-polmos.bialystok.pl-146">[145]</a> The company produces <a href="/wiki/Absolwent" title="Absolwent">Absolwent</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBubr%C3%B3wka" title="Żubrówka">Żubrówka</a> (bison grass vodka) – both major exports abroad.<a href="#cite_note-polmos.bialystok.pl-146">[145]</a></li> <li>Standard Motor Products Poland Ltd. headquartered in Białystok began manufacturing ignition coils for original equipment manufacturers 30 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a></li> <li>"Supon" Białystok is the leading Polish producer of fire fighting equipment.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a></li> <li>SavaPol, Sp.z o.o. is a manufacturer of stationary and mobile concrete mixing equipment based in Białystok.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a></li> <li>Biazet S.A. is a large manufacture of household appliances, including vacuum cleaners, coffee makers, and LED lighting located in Białystok.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a></li> <li>Agnella, a major Polish producer of carpets and similar products is in Białystok, located in the district of <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ostoczek_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Białostoczek (Białystok)">Białostoczek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a></li> <li>Rosti Poland Sp. z o.o., has provided for more than 60 years precision injection molded products for some of the world's leading brands.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a></li> <li>Biaglass Huta Szkla Białystok Sp. z o.o., established in 1929, produces mouth blown glass lampshades and related products. Biaglass belongs to elite group of Glass Works in Europe, where 100% of the lighting glass is mouth-blown.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a></li> <li>Chłodnia Białystok S.A (Cold Store Białystok S.A.), established in 1952, is one of the largest Polish producers of frozen vegetables, fruits and ready-to-heat meals.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a></li> <li>Podlaskie Zakłady Zbożowe S.A. was established on 1 July 2000 as a result of privatizing The Regional Establishment of Corn and Milling Industry 'PZZ' in Białystok. It is one of the leading firms in <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a> in the department of preservation and processing of grain with elevators in Białystok, <a href="/wiki/Grajewo" title="Grajewo">Grajewo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki" title="Suwałki">Suwałki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Innovations">Innovations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Innovations">edit</a>]</div> In order to increase the attractiveness of the city of Białystok for investments based on modern technologies, the Białystok Science and Technology Park was opened in 2014, which is to initiate the development of infrastructure conducive to increasing innovation among local and regional enterprises.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> Amongst companies based in the Park are the Institute of Innovative Technologies EMAG,<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> the Department of Prevention of Metabolic Diseases Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Polish Academy of Sciences">Polish Academy of Sciences</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Biometric_passport" title="Biometric passport">biometric photographs</a> company <a href="/wiki/PhotoAid" title="PhotoAid">PhotoAid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_utilities">Public utilities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Public utilities">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, the length of the active water supply network in Białystok was 540.7 km. Compared to 2010, this length increased by 72.6 km, and compared to the previous year by 13.3 km. At the end of 2015, there were 20,508 residential buildings in the city connected to the water supply system. In the years 2010 - 2015, this number was constantly increasing. For comparison, at the end of 2010, there were 18,654 residential buildings connected to the water supply network, 19,307 at the end of 2012, and 20,171 at the end of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_tourism">Culture and tourism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture and tourism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Culture in Białystok">Culture in Białystok</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20210518_184503_May_2021_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/20210518_184503_May_2021_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/220px-20210518_184503_May_2021_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/20210518_184503_May_2021_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/330px-20210518_184503_May_2021_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/20210518_184503_May_2021_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/440px-20210518_184503_May_2021_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Podlaska_Opera_and_Orchestra" title="Podlaska Opera and Orchestra">Opera and Philharmonic</a></figcaption></figure> Białystok is one of the largest cultural centers in the <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a>. The attractions include performing arts groups, art museums, historical museums, walking tours of architectural/cultural aspects and a wide variety of parks and green spaces. Białystok in 2010 was on the short-list, but ultimately lost the competition, to become a finalist for <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Performing arts">edit</a>]</div> The city has a number of performing arts facilities including: The <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Puppet_Theatre" title="Białystok Puppet Theatre">Białystok Puppet Theatre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Bialostocki Teatr Lalek), established in 1953, is one of the oldest Polish <a href="/wiki/Puppet_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppet theater">puppet theaters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BTL-161">[160]</a> The facility is located at Kalinowskiego 1 in Białystok. The repertoire includes performances for both children and puppet adaptations of world literature for adults.<a href="#cite_note-BTL-161">[160]</a> Because of the high artistic level of productions, the theater has been recognized as one of the best puppetry arts centers in Poland.<a href="#cite_note-BTL-161">[160]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_W%C4%99gierki_Drama_Theatre_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Węgierki Drama Theatre in Białystok">Aleksandra Węgierki Drama Theatre</a>, housed in a building designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaros%C5%82aw_Girina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jarosław Girina (page does not exist)">Jarosław Girina</a>, was built in the years 1933–1938.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> The Podlaskie Opera and Philharmonic – European Art Centre in Białystok is the largest institute of arts in Northeastern Poland and the most modern cultural center in this region of Europe. In its amphitheatre every year at the end of June <a href="/wiki/Halfway_Festival" title="Halfway Festival">Halfway Festival</a> takes place.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:372px;max-width:372px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku.jpg/182px-Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku.jpg/273px-Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku.jpg/364px-Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Historical Museum</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%E2%80%9EPrzeciw_dw%C3%B3m_wrogom._Militarne_dzieje_Podlasia_i_jego_mieszka%C5%84c%C3%B3w_w_latach_1939-1956%E2%80%9D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%E2%80%9EPrzeciw_dw%C3%B3m_wrogom._Militarne_dzieje_Podlasia_i_jego_mieszka%C5%84c%C3%B3w_w_latach_1939-1956%E2%80%9D.jpg/182px-%E2%80%9EPrzeciw_dw%C3%B3m_wrogom._Militarne_dzieje_Podlasia_i_jego_mieszka%C5%84c%C3%B3w_w_latach_1939-1956%E2%80%9D.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%E2%80%9EPrzeciw_dw%C3%B3m_wrogom._Militarne_dzieje_Podlasia_i_jego_mieszka%C5%84c%C3%B3w_w_latach_1939-1956%E2%80%9D.jpg/273px-%E2%80%9EPrzeciw_dw%C3%B3m_wrogom._Militarne_dzieje_Podlasia_i_jego_mieszka%C5%84c%C3%B3w_w_latach_1939-1956%E2%80%9D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%E2%80%9EPrzeciw_dw%C3%B3m_wrogom._Militarne_dzieje_Podlasia_i_jego_mieszka%C5%84c%C3%B3w_w_latach_1939-1956%E2%80%9D.jpg/364px-%E2%80%9EPrzeciw_dw%C3%B3m_wrogom._Militarne_dzieje_Podlasia_i_jego_mieszka%C5%84c%C3%B3w_w_latach_1939-1956%E2%80%9D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Army_Museum_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Army Museum in Białystok">Army Museum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:206px;max-width:206px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Zachodnia_fasada_Muzeum_Pami%C4%99ci_Sybiru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Zachodnia_fasada_Muzeum_Pami%C4%99ci_Sybiru.jpg/204px-Zachodnia_fasada_Muzeum_Pami%C4%99ci_Sybiru.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Zachodnia_fasada_Muzeum_Pami%C4%99ci_Sybiru.jpg/306px-Zachodnia_fasada_Muzeum_Pami%C4%99ci_Sybiru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Zachodnia_fasada_Muzeum_Pami%C4%99ci_Sybiru.jpg/408px-Zachodnia_fasada_Muzeum_Pami%C4%99ci_Sybiru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2695" data-file-height="1582" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Sybir Memorial Museum</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Arsena%C5%82,_1755r._Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._Mickiewicza_2..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Arsena%C5%82%2C_1755r._Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._Mickiewicza_2..JPG/160px-Arsena%C5%82%2C_1755r._Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._Mickiewicza_2..JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Arsena%C5%82%2C_1755r._Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._Mickiewicza_2..JPG/240px-Arsena%C5%82%2C_1755r._Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._Mickiewicza_2..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Arsena%C5%82%2C_1755r._Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._Mickiewicza_2..JPG/320px-Arsena%C5%82%2C_1755r._Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._Mickiewicza_2..JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Galeria Arsenał</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:211px;max-width:211px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._%C5%9Awi%C4%99toja%C5%84ska_17,_willa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._%C5%9Awi%C4%99toja%C5%84ska_17%2C_willa.jpg/209px-Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._%C5%9Awi%C4%99toja%C5%84ska_17%2C_willa.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._%C5%9Awi%C4%99toja%C5%84ska_17%2C_willa.jpg/314px-Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._%C5%9Awi%C4%99toja%C5%84ska_17%2C_willa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._%C5%9Awi%C4%99toja%C5%84ska_17%2C_willa.jpg/418px-Bia%C5%82ystok_ul._%C5%9Awi%C4%99toja%C5%84ska_17%2C_willa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1136" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Alfons_Karny" title="Alfons Karny">Alfons Karny</a> Sculpture Museum</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_05.jpg/155px-150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_05.jpg/233px-150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_05.jpg/310px-150913_Branicki_Palace_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4700" data-file-height="3525" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Museum of the History of Medicine and Pharmacy</div></div></div></div></div> There are a number of museums in the city including: The Historical Museum in Białystok (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Muzeum Historyczne w Białymstoku) is part of the <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Museum_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Podlaskie Museum in Białystok">Podlaskie Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-museumpodlaskie-164">[163]</a> The facility has a rich collection of archival materials and <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> illustrating the history of Białystok and <a href="/wiki/Podlasie" class="mw-redirect" title="Podlasie">Podlasie</a>, and a number of middle-class cultural relics, especially in the field of craft utility.<a href="#cite_note-museumpodlaskie-164">[163]</a> There are also the Numismatic Cabinet of the collection of 16 000 coins, medals and securities.<a href="#cite_note-museumpodlaskie-164">[163]</a> The museum is in possession of the only collections in the country memorabilia connected with the Tatar settlement in the Polish–Lithuanian–Belarusian region.<a href="#cite_note-museumpodlaskie-164">[163]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Army_Museum_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Army Museum in Białystok">Army Museum in Białystok</a> (Polish: Muzeum Wojska w Białymstoku) was established in September 1968 as a branch of the Podlaskie Museum to house the research and collections of many people connected with the military history of north-eastern Poland.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Ludwik_Zamenhof_Centre" title="The Ludwik Zamenhof Centre">The Ludwik Zamenhof Centre</a> (Polish: Centrum im. Ludwika Zamenhofa w Białymstoku) has a permanent exhibition, "Bialystok of Young <a href="/wiki/L._L._Zamenhof" title="L. L. Zamenhof">Ludwik Zamenhof</a>", and various temporary exhibitions, concerts, film projections, and theatre performances. The Centre has a branch of Łukasz Górnicki's Podlaska Library dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> language. The Sybir Memorial Museum (Polish: Muzeum Pamięci Sybiru) is a historical museum opened in 2021 and dedicated to the memory of Poles, as well as people from other nationalities, the <a href="/wiki/Sybirak" title="Sybirak">victims of forced deportations</a> to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> perpetrated by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> The Alfons Karny Sculpture Museum contains a collection of sculptures by Białystok native <a href="/wiki/Alfons_Karny" title="Alfons Karny">Alfons Karny</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Medical University of Białystok">Medical University of Białystok</a> operates the Museum of the History of Medicine and Pharmacy (Polish: Muzeum Historii Medycyny i Farmacji).<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> The Galeria Arsenał is a <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a> gallery, located at a former 18th-century arsenal in the city center. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_green_spaces">Parks and green spaces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Parks and green spaces">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bia%C5%82ystok,_Park_Planty_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Planty park during the day" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_Park_Planty_%284%29.jpg/220px-Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_Park_Planty_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_Park_Planty_%284%29.jpg/330px-Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_Park_Planty_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_Park_Planty_%284%29.jpg/440px-Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_Park_Planty_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Planty_Park_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Planty Park (Białystok)">Planty park</a></figcaption></figure> Around 32% of the city is occupied by parks, squares and forest preserves which creates a unique and healthy climate.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> The green spaces include: <a href="/wiki/Branicki_Palace,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Branicki Palace, Białystok">Branicki Palace</a> (Polish: Pałac Branickich) is a historical edifice and 9.7 ha (24 acres) park in Białystok. It was developed on the site of an earlier building in the first half of the eighteenth century by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Klemens_Branicki" title="Jan Klemens Branicki">Jan Klemens Branicki</a>, wealthy Polish <a href="/wiki/Hetmans_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Crown Hetman</a> (highest military leader of Poland), into a <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">residence</a> suitable for a man whose ambition was to <a href="/wiki/Royal_elections_in_Poland" title="Royal elections in Poland">be elected king of Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Branicki_Palace,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Branicki Palace, Białystok">palace complex</a> with <a href="/wiki/Garden_%C3%A0_la_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden à la française">gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pavilion" title="Pavilion">pavillons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garden_sculpture" title="Garden sculpture">sculptures</a>, outbuildings and other structures and the city with <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_and_town_halls" class="mw-redirect" title="City and town halls">city hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a>, all built almost at the same time according to French models was the reason why the city was known in the eighteenth century as <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a> of <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Podlaskie">Podlaskie</a> (Polish: wersal podlaski).<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Planty_Park_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Planty Park (Białystok)">Planty</a> is a 14.94 ha (36.9 acres) park created between 1930 and 1938, under the auspices of the then voivode <a href="/wiki/Marian_Zyndram-Ko%C5%9Bcia%C5%82kowski" title="Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski">Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski</a> in the areas adjacent to Branicki Palace.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> The modernist composition of the park was designed by Stanislav Gralla.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bia%C5%82ystok_-_dawny_ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_farny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bia%C5%82ystok_-_dawny_ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_farny.jpg/97px-Bia%C5%82ystok_-_dawny_ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_farny.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bia%C5%82ystok_-_dawny_ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_farny.jpg/146px-Bia%C5%82ystok_-_dawny_ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_farny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bia%C5%82ystok_-_dawny_ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_farny.jpg/194px-Bia%C5%82ystok_-_dawny_ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_farny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2508" data-file-height="3747" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Renaissance-era old parish church</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:219px;max-width:219px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC_0626-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DSC_0626-001.jpg/217px-DSC_0626-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="217" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DSC_0626-001.jpg/326px-DSC_0626-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DSC_0626-001.jpg/434px-DSC_0626-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Baroque Daughters of Charity Monastery</div></div></div></div></div> The various historically driven changes have had a very significant influence on the architectural space of the city. Most other Polish cities have suffered similarly, but the processes in Białystok, have had a particularly intense course. Numerous historic works of architecture no longer exist, while many others have been rebuilt to their original configuration. Very few historic buildings of the city have been preserved – the sights are merely an echo of the old historical shape of Białystok.<a href="#cite_note-rising-174">[173]</a> Main sights include: <ul><li>Townhall, built in 18th century in Baroque style</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branicki_Palace,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Branicki Palace, Białystok">Branicki Palace</a>, built in 18th century in Baroque style</li> <li>Other palaces: Branicki Guest Palace, Lubomirski Palace, Hasbach Palace, Nowik Palace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Cathedral_of_St._Nicholas,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Orthodox Cathedral of St. Nicholas, Białystok">Orthodox Cathedral of St. Nicholas</a>, built in 1843–1846 in Neoclassicist style</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_railway_station" title="Białystok railway station">Białystok railway station</a>, built in 1861 in Neoclassicist style</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Cathedral" title="Białystok Cathedral">Catholic Cathedral</a>, dating back to 16th century, rebuilt in 1900–1905 in Gothic Revival style</li> <li>St. Adalbert Church, built in 1909–1912 in Romanesque Revial style, former Lutheran, today Roman-Catholic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Roch%27s_Church,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="St. Roch's Church, Białystok">St. Roch Church</a>, built in 1927–46, <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_W%C4%99gierki_Drama_Theatre,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Aleksandr Węgierki Drama Theatre, Białystok">Aleksandr Węgierki Drama Theatre</a>, built in 1938, modernist</li> <li>Socialist realist building of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="University of Białystok">University of Białystok</a> (former regional headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">Polish United Workers' Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Zmartwychwstania_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku" class="extiw" title="pl:Kościół Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Białymstoku">Church of the Resurrection</a>, built in 1991–1996 in Neo-Baroque style as a copy of destroyed <a href="/wiki/Basilian_Church_and_Monastery_in_Berezwecz" title="Basilian Church and Monastery in Berezwecz">Basilian Church and Monastery in Berezwecz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlaska_Opera_and_Orchestra" title="Podlaska Opera and Orchestra">Opera and Philharmonic</a>, built in 2006–2012, Postmodern style</li> <li>Daughters of Charity Monastery</li> <li>Former Arsenal</li> <li>Former Masonic Lodge</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_cuisine">Local cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Local cuisine">edit</a>]</div> In additional to traditional nationwide <a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish cuisine</a> and regional <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_cuisine" title="Podlaskie cuisine">Podlaskie cuisine</a>, a local type of <a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">boza</a>, a traditional <a href="/wiki/Fermented_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented drink">fermented drink</a> more common in the Balkans, Central Asia and the Caucasus, is produced in Białystok,<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bialy_(bread)" title="Bialy (bread)">bialy</a> bread roll, popular in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, originated here, with both listed as traditional foods and beverages by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Rural_Development_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Poland)">Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hetman_Bia%C5%82ystok_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hetman_Bia%C5%82ystok_1.jpg/220px-Hetman_Bia%C5%82ystok_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hetman_Bia%C5%82ystok_1.jpg/330px-Hetman_Bia%C5%82ystok_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hetman_Bia%C5%82ystok_1.jpg/440px-Hetman_Bia%C5%82ystok_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Hetman_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Hetman Białystok">Hetman Białystok</a> multi-sport club</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Sports in Białystok">Sports in Białystok</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadion_miejski_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_(Cio%C5%82kowskiego).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stadion_miejski_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Cio%C5%82kowskiego%29.jpg/220px-Stadion_miejski_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Cio%C5%82kowskiego%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stadion_miejski_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Cio%C5%82kowskiego%29.jpg/330px-Stadion_miejski_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Cio%C5%82kowskiego%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stadion_miejski_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Cio%C5%82kowskiego%29.jpg/440px-Stadion_miejski_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28Cio%C5%82kowskiego%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Municipal_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Białystok Municipal Stadium">Białystok Municipal Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> The city has both professional and amateur sports teams, and a number of venues where they are based. <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonia_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Jagiellonia Białystok">Jagiellonia Białystok</a> is a Polish <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club, based in Białystok, in the <a href="/wiki/Ekstraklasa" title="Ekstraklasa">Ekstraklasa</a> (Poland's top division) that plays at the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Municipal_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Białystok Municipal Stadium">Białystok Municipal Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> Jagiellonia Białystok won the Polish Cup and <a href="/wiki/2010_Polish_Super_Cup" title="2010 Polish Super Cup">Super Cup</a> in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> and the Polish Championship in <a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Ekstraklasa" title="2023–24 Ekstraklasa">2024</a>. A new 22,500-seat stadium was completed at the beginning of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> There is also a <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a> team Słoneczny Stok Jagiellonia Białystok, which plays in the <a href="/wiki/Ekstraklasa_(futsal)" title="Ekstraklasa (futsal)">Futsal Ekstraklasa</a>, Poland's top division (as of 2022–23).<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Podlasie_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Podlasie Białystok">Podlasie Białystok</a> is one of the top <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a> clubs in Poland, multiple times Polish Team Champions, most recently in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lowlanders_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Lowlanders Białystok">Lowlanders Białystok</a> is an <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> club, that plays in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Football_League" title="Polish Football League">Polish Football League</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Polska Futbol Liga),<a href="#cite_note-lowlanders-181">[180]</a> and are three-times <a href="/wiki/Polish_Bowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Bowl">Polish Bowl</a> champions. Other notable clubs include men's football team <a href="/wiki/Hetman_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Hetman Białystok">Hetman Białystok</a> (with additional <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">contract bridge</a> sections),<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> club <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BBubry_Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Żubry Białystok (page does not exist)">Żubry Białystok</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBubry_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="extiw" title="pl:Żubry Białystok">pl</a>],<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> and football club Włókniarz Białystok with both men's and women's sections,<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> however, all of the aforementioned teams play in the lower leagues as of 2022–23. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Media in Białystok">Media in Białystok</a></div> Białystok has a wide variety of media outlets serving the city and surrounding region. There are two locally published daily newspapers, <a href="/wiki/Gazeta_Wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czesna" title="Gazeta Współczesna">Gazeta Współczesna</a> (36.3% market share) <a href="#cite_note-zkdp.pl-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurier_Poranny_(modern)" title="Kurier Poranny (modern)">Kurier Poranny</a> (20.3% market share).<a href="#cite_note-zkdp.pl-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> In addition two national papers have local bureaus. There are a number of national and locally produced television and radio channels available both over-the-air from the nearby <a href="/wiki/RTCN_Bia%C5%82ystok_(Krynice)" title="RTCN Białystok (Krynice)">RTCN Białystok (Krynice)</a> Mast, the seventh highest structure in Poland,<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> in addition to transmitter sites within the city. <a href="/wiki/TVP_Bia%C5%82ystok" class="mw-redirect" title="TVP Białystok">TVP Białystok</a> is one of the locally produced, regional branches of the <a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a>, Poland's public television broadcaster. There is also a cable television system available within the city. The city has two <a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">campus radio</a> stations; Radiosupeł at the <a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Medical University of Białystok">Medical University of Białystok</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> and Radio Akadera at <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Technical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Białystok Technical University">Białystok Technical University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Religion in Białystok">Religion in Białystok</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 6120.7994126577px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 37.715064936907px; border-left-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.986656591605px 1.6335555186604px 0 0; border-top-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.974419076106px 2.261753831673px 0 0; border-top-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.950656036573px 3.1410759078128px 0 0; border-top-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.802672842827px 6.2790519529313px 0 0; border-top-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:77.051324277579px 63.742398974869px 0 0; border-top-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in Białystok (2021)<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> (64%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> (10%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (0.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (0.14%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other (0.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Not_religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Not religious">Irreligion</a> (6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Undeclared (19%)</div> </div> </div></div> In the early 1900s, Białystok was reputed to have the largest concentration of Jews of all the cities in the world.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> In 1931, 40,000 Jews lived in the city, nearly half the city's inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> The city is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Białystok">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Białystok</a>. Pope John Paul II on 5 June 1991, during a visit to Białystok, announced the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Białystok">Archdiocese of Białystok</a> which ended the period of the temporary church administration of the portion of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Vilnius" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vilnius">Archdiocese of Vilnius</a> that had, after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, remained within the Polish borders.<a href="#cite_note-autonazwa3-194">[193]</a> The city is also the seat of the Białystok-Gdańsk Diocese of the <a href="/wiki/Autocephalous" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocephalous">Autocephalous</a> <a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Polish Orthodox Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-orthodox.bialystok.pl-195">[194]</a> Białystok is the largest concentration of Orthodox believers in Poland.<a href="#cite_note-orthodox.bialystok.pl-195">[194]</a> In Białystok, the following Protestant churches exist: a Lutheran parish, two Pentecostal churches, Baptist church, a congregation of the Church of God in Christ and a Seventh Day Adventist church.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> Białystok is home to more than two thousand Muslims (mainly <a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Tatars</a>). There is an Islamic Centre,<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> a House of Prayer, and various organisations. There is a magazine issued – "Pamięć i trwanie" ("Memory and persistence"). The city is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sanctuary_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Divine Mercy Sanctuary (Białystok)">Divine Mercy Sanctuary</a> with the main relics of <a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Sopo%C4%87ko" title="Michał Sopoćko">Michał Sopoćko</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 978px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PL_BI_cathedral_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary"><img alt="Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PL_BI_cathedral_2.jpg/68px-PL_BI_cathedral_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PL_BI_cathedral_2.jpg/102px-PL_BI_cathedral_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PL_BI_cathedral_2.jpg/136px-PL_BI_cathedral_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="3360" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Adalbert_of_Prague_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Adalbert church"><img alt="Saint Adalbert church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Adalbert_of_Prague_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/78px-Adalbert_of_Prague_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Adalbert_of_Prague_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/117px-Adalbert_of_Prague_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Adalbert_of_Prague_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/156px-Adalbert_of_Prague_church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="2014" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saint Adalbert church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Zmartwychwstania_bialystok.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of the Lord's Resurrection"><img alt="Church of the Lord's Resurrection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Zmartwychwstania_bialystok.jpg/97px-Zmartwychwstania_bialystok.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Zmartwychwstania_bialystok.jpg/146px-Zmartwychwstania_bialystok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Zmartwychwstania_bialystok.jpg/195px-Zmartwychwstania_bialystok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church of the Lord's Resurrection</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_45_-_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Wszystkich_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_-_Front.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="All Saints' Church"><img alt="All Saints' Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_45_-_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Wszystkich_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_-_Front.JPG/120px-Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_45_-_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Wszystkich_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_-_Front.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_45_-_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Wszystkich_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_-_Front.JPG/180px-Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_45_-_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Wszystkich_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_-_Front.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_45_-_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Wszystkich_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_-_Front.JPG/240px-Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_45_-_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Wszystkich_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_-_Front.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2653" data-file-height="1990" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">All Saints' Church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bia%C5%82ystok,_ul._Lipowa,_cerkiew_p._w._%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja,_1846_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Orthodox Cathedral of St. Nicholas"><img alt="Orthodox Cathedral of St. Nicholas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_ul._Lipowa%2C_cerkiew_p._w._%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja%2C_1846_02.JPG/120px-Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_ul._Lipowa%2C_cerkiew_p._w._%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja%2C_1846_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_ul._Lipowa%2C_cerkiew_p._w._%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja%2C_1846_02.JPG/180px-Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_ul._Lipowa%2C_cerkiew_p._w._%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja%2C_1846_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_ul._Lipowa%2C_cerkiew_p._w._%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja%2C_1846_02.JPG/240px-Bia%C5%82ystok%2C_ul._Lipowa%2C_cerkiew_p._w._%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja%2C_1846_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Cathedral_of_St._Nicholas,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Orthodox Cathedral of St. Nicholas, Białystok">Orthodox Cathedral of St. Nicholas</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hauptbahnof_Bia%C5%82ystok_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hauptbahnof_Bia%C5%82ystok_2024.jpg/220px-Hauptbahnof_Bia%C5%82ystok_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hauptbahnof_Bia%C5%82ystok_2024.jpg/330px-Hauptbahnof_Bia%C5%82ystok_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hauptbahnof_Bia%C5%82ystok_2024.jpg/440px-Hauptbahnof_Bia%C5%82ystok_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_railway_station" title="Białystok railway station">Białystok railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Transport in Białystok">Transport in Białystok</a></div> The city is and has been for centuries, the main hub of transportation for the <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a> and the entire northeastern section of Poland. It is a major city on the European Union roadways (<a href="/wiki/Via_Baltica" class="mw-redirect" title="Via Baltica">Via Baltica</a>)<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> and railways (<a href="/wiki/Rail_Baltica" title="Rail Baltica">Rail Baltica</a>)<a href="#cite_note-feasibility_EU-200">[199]</a> to the Baltic Republics and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. It is also a <a href="/wiki/Belarus-Poland_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarus-Poland relations">main gateway of trade</a> with Belarus due to its proximity to the border and its current and longstanding relationship with <a href="/wiki/Grodno" title="Grodno">Grodno</a>, Belarus. A traffic management system has been operating in Białystok since 2015. At 120 intersections, traffic lights are coordinated in such a way that cars and buses covered the route as quickly as possible. Special cameras record traffic, travel time. Drivers receive this information on 19 boards set among others at the intersections on Wasilkowska Street, Antoniuk-Fabryczny Street and Kleeberga Street.<a href="#cite_note-Patrycja_Piórkowska_p._110-201">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Railways">edit</a>]</div> Passenger trains connect from <a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki" title="Suwałki">Suwałki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grodno" title="Grodno">Grodno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> to <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and the rest of the European passenger network. Passenger services are provided by two rail service providers, <a href="/wiki/PKP_Intercity" title="PKP Intercity">PKP Intercity</a> that provides intercity passengers trains (express, intercity, eurocity, hotel and TLK)<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Przewozy_Regionalne" class="mw-redirect" title="Przewozy Regionalne">Polregio</a> that operates only regional passenger trains financed by the <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship" title="Voivodeship">voivodeship</a>. Passenger trains are mostly run using electrical multiple units (on electrified lines) or rail buses.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Buses">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PKS_Nova_Dworzec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PKS_Nova_Dworzec.jpg/220px-PKS_Nova_Dworzec.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PKS_Nova_Dworzec.jpg/330px-PKS_Nova_Dworzec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PKS_Nova_Dworzec.jpg/440px-PKS_Nova_Dworzec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_bus_station" title="Białystok bus station">Main bus station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solaris_Urbino_12_Bialystok.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Example picture of public bus service in the city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Solaris_Urbino_12_Bialystok.JPG/220px-Solaris_Urbino_12_Bialystok.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Solaris_Urbino_12_Bialystok.JPG/330px-Solaris_Urbino_12_Bialystok.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Solaris_Urbino_12_Bialystok.JPG/440px-Solaris_Urbino_12_Bialystok.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1973" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Solaris_Urbino" title="Solaris Urbino">Solaris Urbino</a> 18 W29 bus operated by BKM in Białystok</figcaption></figure> There is an extensive bus network that covers the entire city by three bus services, but no tram or subway exists. The three bus operators (KPKM, KPK and KZK) are owned by the city and each shares approximately a third of the lines and the bus fleet.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads_and_highways">Roads and highways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Roads and highways">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/National_roads_in_Poland" title="National roads in Poland">National Roads</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Droga krajowa) running through Białystok: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/DK8-PL.svg/48px-DK8-PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/DK8-PL.svg/72px-DK8-PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/DK8-PL.svg/95px-DK8-PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="478" /> <a href="/wiki/National_road_8_(Poland)" title="National road 8 (Poland)">DK 8</a> / <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tabliczka_E67.svg/39px-Tabliczka_E67.svg.png" decoding="async" width="39" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tabliczka_E67.svg/58px-Tabliczka_E67.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tabliczka_E67.svg/78px-Tabliczka_E67.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="130" /> <a href="/wiki/European_route_E67" title="European route E67">E67</a>: <a href="/wiki/Budzisko" title="Budzisko">Budzisko</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Lithuania–Poland border">Lithuania–Poland border</a>) – Białystok – <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kudowa-Zdr%C3%B3j" title="Kudowa-Zdrój">Kudowa-Zdrój</a> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Czech Republic–Poland border">Czech–Polish border</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DK19-PL.svg/48px-DK19-PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DK19-PL.svg/72px-DK19-PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DK19-PL.svg/95px-DK19-PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="478" /> <a href="/wiki/National_road_19_(Poland)" title="National road 19 (Poland)">DK 19</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bielsk_Podlaski" title="Bielsk Podlaski">Bielsk Podlaski</a> – Białystok – <a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%BAnica,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Kuźnica, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Kuźnica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Belarus–Poland border">Belarus–Poland border</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/DK65-PL.svg/48px-DK65-PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/DK65-PL.svg/72px-DK65-PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/DK65-PL.svg/95px-DK65-PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="478" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_road_65_(Poland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National road 65 (Poland) (page does not exist)">DK 65</a>: <a href="/wiki/Go%C5%82dap" title="Gołdap">Gołdap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Russia_border" title="Poland–Russia border">Poland–Russia border</a>)-<a href="/wiki/E%C5%82k" title="Ełk">Ełk</a>-Białystok-<a href="/wiki/Bobrowniki" title="Bobrowniki">Bobrowniki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Poland_border" title="Belarus–Poland border">Belarus–Poland border</a>)</li></ul> The <a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Poland" title="Highways in Poland">expressways</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Droga ekspresowa) near Białystok: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/S8-PL.svg/49px-S8-PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/S8-PL.svg/74px-S8-PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/S8-PL.svg/98px-S8-PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="478" /> <a href="/wiki/Expressway_S8_(Poland)" title="Expressway S8 (Poland)">S 8</a> / <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tabliczka_E67.svg/39px-Tabliczka_E67.svg.png" decoding="async" width="39" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tabliczka_E67.svg/58px-Tabliczka_E67.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tabliczka_E67.svg/78px-Tabliczka_E67.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="130" /> <a href="/wiki/European_route_E67" title="European route E67">E67</a>: Białystok – <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/S19-PL.svg/57px-S19-PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="57" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/S19-PL.svg/85px-S19-PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/S19-PL.svg/113px-S19-PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="478" /> <a href="/wiki/Expressway_S19_(Poland)" title="Expressway S19 (Poland)">S 19</a> (projected): <a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bielsk_Podlaski" title="Bielsk Podlaski">Bielsk Podlaski</a> – Białystok – <a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%BAnica,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Kuźnica, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Kuźnica</a> (Belarus–Polish border)</li></ul> The <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_road" title="Voivodeship road">Voivodeship roads</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Droga wojewódzka) running through Białystok:: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/DW669-PL.svg/55px-DW669-PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/DW669-PL.svg/83px-DW669-PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/DW669-PL.svg/110px-DW669-PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="270" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voivodeship_road_669_(Poland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voivodeship road 669 (Poland) (page does not exist)">DW 669</a>: Trasa Niepodległości (Narodowych Sił Zbrojnych Street, Niepodległości Avenue, Padarewskiego Avenue)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/DW675-PL.svg/53px-DW675-PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="53" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/DW675-PL.svg/80px-DW675-PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/DW675-PL.svg/106px-DW675-PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="270" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voivodeship_road_675_(Poland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voivodeship road 675 (Poland) (page does not exist)">DW 675</a>: Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Avenue (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: aleja Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DW676-PL.svg/53px-DW676-PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="53" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DW676-PL.svg/80px-DW676-PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DW676-PL.svg/106px-DW676-PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="270" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voivodeship_road_676_(Poland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voivodeship road 676 (Poland) (page does not exist)">DW 676</a>: Porosły - Białystok - Supraśl - Krynki</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/DW678-PL.svg/54px-DW678-PL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/DW678-PL.svg/80px-DW678-PL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/DW678-PL.svg/107px-DW678-PL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="270" /> <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_road_678_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voivodeship road 678 (Poland)">DW 678</a>: Białystok - <a href="/wiki/Wysokie_Mazowieckie" title="Wysokie Mazowieckie">Wysokie Mazowieckie</a></li></ul> In <a href="/wiki/Powiat_bia%C5%82ostocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Powiat białostocki">Białystok Country</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: powiat białostocki) there are also <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Roads in Poland">Poviat roads</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Droga powiatowa) which connect Białystok with other towns in the area:<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[b]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;">Poviat roads</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Poviat Road 1431 B: Białystok (42 Pułku Piechoty Street) - <a href="/wiki/Sowlany" title="Sowlany">Sowlany</a></li> <li>Poviat Road 1432 B: Białystok (Ciołkowskiego and Baranowicka streets) - <a href="/wiki/Zielona,_Gmina_Supra%C5%9Bl" title="Zielona, Gmina Supraśl">Zielona</a>,</li> <li>Poviat Road 1483 B: Białystok (Filipowicza) - <a href="/wiki/Hryniewicze" title="Hryniewicze">Hryniewicze</a></li> <li>Poviat Road 1484 B: Białystok (Mickiewicza Street) - <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82awowo,_Bia%C5%82ystok_County" title="Stanisławowo, Białystok County">Stanisławowo</a></li> <li>Poviat Road 1485 B: Białystok (Plażowa Street) - Dojlidy Górne</li> <li>Poviat Road 1493 B: Białystok (Wiosenna Street) - <a href="/wiki/Olmonty" title="Olmonty">Olmonty</a></li> <li>Poviat Road 1535 B: Białystok (Popiełuszki, Hetmańska and Wierzbowa Streets) - <a href="/wiki/Choroszcz" title="Choroszcz">Choroszcz</a></li> <li>Poviat Road 1550 B: Białystok (Niewodnicka, Meksykańska, Nowosielska and Elewatorska streets) - <a href="/wiki/Klepacze" class="mw-redirect" title="Klepacze">Klepacze</a> - <a href="/wiki/Niewodnica_Ko%C5%9Bcielna" title="Niewodnica Kościelna">Niewodnica Kościelna</a>,</li> <li>Poviat Road 1559 B: Białystok - <a href="/wiki/Kleosin" title="Kleosin">Kleosin</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicycle">Bicycle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Bicycle">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20230625_124103_June_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/20230625_124103_June_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/220px-20230625_124103_June_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/20230625_124103_June_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/330px-20230625_124103_June_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/20230625_124103_June_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg/440px-20230625_124103_June_2023_in_Bia%C5%82ystok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="2296" /></a><figcaption>BiKeR bicycle racks in Białystok</figcaption></figure> By 2020, there were already over 158 km of bicycle paths in Białystok.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> The municipal bicycle renting system is called BiKeR and was opened in 2014. The system initially based on 30 stations equipped with 300 bikes. The city has four public bicycle repair stations, in which one can fix their private bikes. The stations are located in places where the highest traffic of city bikes was observed.<a href="#cite_note-Patrycja_Piórkowska_p._110-201">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Airports">edit</a>]</div> A civil airport, <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok-Krywlany_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Białystok-Krywlany Airport">Białystok-Krywlany Airport</a>, lies within the city limits, but does not provide regularly scheduled service. There were plans in 2011 to build a new regional airport, Białystok-Saniki Airport, that would have provided flights within Europe.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BUT_Campus,_09.2020,_M.OBRYCKI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BUT_Campus%2C_09.2020%2C_M.OBRYCKI.jpg/220px-BUT_Campus%2C_09.2020%2C_M.OBRYCKI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BUT_Campus%2C_09.2020%2C_M.OBRYCKI.jpg/330px-BUT_Campus%2C_09.2020%2C_M.OBRYCKI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BUT_Campus%2C_09.2020%2C_M.OBRYCKI.jpg/440px-BUT_Campus%2C_09.2020%2C_M.OBRYCKI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption>Campus of the <a href="/wiki/Bialystok_University_of_Technology" title="Bialystok University of Technology">Bialystok University of Technology</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Education in Białystok">Education in Białystok</a></div> Higher education in the city can be traced back to the second half of the eighteenth century when the ownership of the city was inherited by <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">Field Crown Hetman</a> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Klemens_Branicki" title="Jan Klemens Branicki">Jan Klemens Branicki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-podlaski-21">[20]</a> As a patron of the arts and sciences, Branicki encouraged numerous artists and scientists to settle in Białystok to take advantage of Branicki's patronage.<a href="#cite_note-biaman-210">[208]</a> In 1745 Branicki established Poland's first military college, the School of Civil and Military Engineering, in the city.<a href="#cite_note-biaman-210">[208]</a> Since the fall of communism many privately funded institutions of higher educations have been founded and their number is still increasing. Currently Białystok is home to one principal <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public university</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="University of Białystok">University of Białystok</a>)<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> and two other public specialist universities (<a href="/wiki/Bialystok_University_of_Technology" title="Bialystok University of Technology">Bialystok University of Technology</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Medical University of Białystok">Medical University of Białystok</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a>). Some institutions, such as Musical Academy in Białystok,<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> are branches of their parent institutions in other cities, usually in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notable residents">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg/150px-1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg/225px-1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg/300px-1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="1914" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/L._L._Zamenhof" title="L. L. Zamenhof">L. L. Zamenhof</a>, the creator of <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="List of people from Białystok">List of people from Białystok</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Category:People from Białystok">Category:People from Białystok</a></div> Over the centuries, a number of people from Białystok have been prominent in the fields of science, language, politics, religion, sports, finance, visual arts and performing arts. This environment was created in the mid-eighteenth century by the patronage of <a href="/wiki/Jan_Klemens_Branicki" title="Jan Klemens Branicki">Jan Klemens Branicki</a> for the arts and sciences.<a href="#cite_note-biaman-210">[208]</a> These include <a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kaczorowski" title="Ryszard Kaczorowski">Ryszard Kaczorowski</a>, last <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">émigré</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Republic of Poland">President of the Republic of Poland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-TPIB0-215">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/L._L._Zamenhof" title="L. L. Zamenhof">L. L. Zamenhof</a>, the creator of Esperanto,<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Sabin" title="Albert Sabin">Albert Sabin</a>, co-developer of the <a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine" title="Polio vaccine">polio vaccine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/Izabella_Scorupco" title="Izabella Scorupco">Izabella Scorupco</a>, actress,<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber_(artist)" title="Max Weber (artist)">Max Weber</a>, painter.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Bagi%C5%84ski" title="Tomasz Bagiński">Tomasz Bagiński</a> illustrator, animator and director <a href="/wiki/Oscars" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscars">Oscar</a> nominee in 2002 for <a href="/wiki/The_Cathedral_(2002_film)" title="The Cathedral (2002 film)">The Cathedral</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leo_Melamed" title="Leo Melamed">Leo Melamed</a> pioneered creation of the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Market" title="International Monetary Market">International Monetary Market</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_futures" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial futures">financial futures</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-insignia-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-insignia_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-insignia_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110817213637/http://www.bialystok.pl/906-symbole-miasta/default.aspx">"Insygnia Białegostoku"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystok.pl/906-symbole-miasta/default.aspx">the original</a> on 2011-08-17. Retrieved 2011-08-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Insygnia+Bia%C5%82egostoku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.pl%2F906-symbole-miasta%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/teryt/jednostka">"Local Data Bank"</a>. Statistics Poland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422210113/https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/teryt/jednostka">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Data+Bank&rft.pub=Statistics+Poland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdl.stat.gov.pl%2FBDL%2Fdane%2Fteryt%2Fjednostka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> Data for territorial unit 2061000. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystok.pl/pl/dla_mieszkancow/samorzad/prezydent_miasta/">"Oficjalny portal miasta Białystok"</a>. bialystok.pl (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223164025/http://www.bialystok.pl/pl/dla_mieszkancow/samorzad/prezydent_miasta/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bialystok.pl&rft.atitle=Oficjalny+portal+miasta+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.pl%2Fpl%2Fdla_mieszkancow%2Fsamorzad%2Fprezydent_miasta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200422152127/https://www.lexico.com/definition/bia%C5%82ystok">"Bialystok"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 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Retrieved 2011-07-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+%E2%80%93+Local+history&rft.pub=Muzeum+Historii+%C5%BByd%C3%B3w+Polskich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sztetl.org.pl%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fbialystok%2F3%2Clocal-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bialystok.polska.pl-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bialystok.polska.pl_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bialystok.polska.pl_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319205652/http://bialystok.polska.pl/miastodawniej/article%2CDo_rozbiorow%2Cid%2C323459.htm">"Miasta w Dokumencie Archiwalnym"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bialystok.polska.pl/miastodawniej/article,Do_rozbiorow,id,323459.htm">the original</a> on 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2011-04-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miasta+w+Dokumencie+Archiwalnym&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbialystok.polska.pl%2Fmiastodawniej%2Farticle%2CDo_rozbiorow%2Cid%2C323459.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-legend-14"><a href="#cite_ref-legend_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiewińska,_Walentyna1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Niewińska, Walentyna (1995). Legendy województwa białostockiego, łomżyńskiego, suwalskiego (in Polish). Białystok: Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna im. Stefana Górnickiego w Białymstoku.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legendy+wojew%C3%B3dztwa+bia%C5%82ostockiego%2C+%C5%82om%C5%BCy%C5%84skiego%2C+suwalskiego&rft.place=Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.pub=Wojew%C3%B3dzka+Biblioteka+Publiczna+im.+Stefana+G%C3%B3rnickiego+w+Bia%C5%82ymstoku&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Niewi%C5%84ska%2C+Walentyna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JK-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JK_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JK_15-1">b</a> Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 163 (in Polish) </li> <li id="cite_note-wiesiolowscy-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wiesiolowscy_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wiesiolowscy_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.info.bialystok.pl/historia/wiesiolowscy/obiekt.php">"Czasy rodu Wiesiołowskich"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192043/http://www.info.bialystok.pl/historia/wiesiolowscy/obiekt.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2011-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Czasy+rodu+Wiesio%C5%82owskich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.info.bialystok.pl%2Fhistoria%2Fwiesiolowscy%2Fobiekt.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edukacja.sejm.gov.pl/historia-sejmu/marszalkowie-sejmu/i-rzeczpospolita.html">"Marszałkowie Sejmu"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815122108/http://edukacja.sejm.gov.pl/historia-sejmu/marszalkowie-sejmu/i-rzeczpospolita.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-08-15. Retrieved 2011-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marsza%C5%82kowie+Sejmu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedukacja.sejm.gov.pl%2Fhistoria-sejmu%2Fmarszalkowie-sejmu%2Fi-rzeczpospolita.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKądziela,_LukaszNagielski,_Mirosław1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kądziela, Lukasz; Nagielski, Mirosław (1995). Hetmani Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów (in Polish). 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Kielce: Kieleckie Towarzystwo Naukowe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-86006-28-5" title="Special:BookSources/83-86006-28-5"><bdi>83-86006-28-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stefan+Czarniecki%3A+%C5%BCo%C5%82nierz%2C+obywatel%2C+polityk&rft.place=Kielce&rft.pub=Kieleckie+Towarzystwo+Naukowe&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=83-86006-28-5&rft.au=Kowalski%2C+Waldemar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815164615/http://en.um.bialystok.pl/261-history-of-the-city/lang/en-GB/default.aspx">"History of the City"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.um.bialystok.pl/261-history-of-the-city/lang/en-GB/default.aspx">the original</a> on 2011-08-15. Retrieved 2011-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.um.bialystok.pl%2F261-history-of-the-city%2Flang%2Fen-GB%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-podlaski-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-podlaski_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-podlaski_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagdalena_Grassmann" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Magdalena Grassmann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716141555/http://palac.amb.edu.pl/node/125">"Podlaski Wersal Branickich"</a>. palac.amb (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palac.umwb.edu.pl/node/125">the original</a> on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=palac.amb&rft.atitle=Podlaski+Wersal+Branickich&rft.au=Magdalena+Grassmann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalac.umwb.edu.pl%2Fnode%2F125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411155312/http://www.wrotapodlasia.pl/pl/adm/powiaty_gminy/mbialystok/">"Miasto Białystok"</a>. wrotapodlasia.pl (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrotapodlasia.pl/pl/adm/powiaty_gminy/mbialystok/">the original</a> on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2008-06-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wrotapodlasia.pl&rft.atitle=Miasto+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrotapodlasia.pl%2Fpl%2Fadm%2Fpowiaty_gminy%2Fmbialystok%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BST-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BST_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BST_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BST_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BST_23-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bstok.pl/bialystok/">"Historia Białegostoku"</a>. bstok.pl (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214101047/https://www.bstok.pl/bialystok/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bstok.pl&rft.atitle=Historia+Bia%C5%82egostoku&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bstok.pl%2Fbialystok%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JK164-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JK164_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JK164_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JK164_24-2">c</a> Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 164 (in Polish) </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystokonline.pl/plejada-gwiazd-w-nowym-teatrze-piotr-dabrowski-otwiera-komedialnie,artykul,68828,2,1.html">"Plejada gwiazd w nowym teatrze. Piotr Dąbrowski otwiera Komedialnię"</a>. Białystok Online (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024014139/http://www.bialystokonline.pl/plejada-gwiazd-w-nowym-teatrze-piotr-dabrowski-otwiera-komedialnie,artykul,68828,2,1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+Online&rft.atitle=Plejada+gwiazd+w+nowym+teatrze.+Piotr+D%C4%85browski+otwiera+Komedialni%C4%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystokonline.pl%2Fplejada-gwiazd-w-nowym-teatrze-piotr-dabrowski-otwiera-komedialnie%2Cartykul%2C68828%2C2%2C1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 163-164 (in Polish) </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/piwo-podlaskie-dubeltowe">"Piwo podlaskie"</a>. Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 9 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministerstwo+Rolnictwa+i+Rozwoju+Wsi+-+Portal+Gov.pl&rft.atitle=Piwo+podlaskie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.pl%2Fweb%2Frolnictwo%2Fpiwo-podlaskie-dubeltowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCegielskiŁukasz_Kądziela1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cegielski, Tadeusz; Łukasz Kądziela (1990). Rozbiory Polski 1772-1793-1795 (in Polish). Warsaw.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rozbiory+Polski+1772-1793-1795&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Cegielski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz&rft.au=%C5%81ukasz+K%C4%85dziela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Wandycz-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Wandycz_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiotr_Stefan_Wandycz2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Stefan_Wandycz" class="mw-redirect" title="Piotr Stefan Wandycz">Piotr Stefan Wandycz</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pricefreedomhist00wand">The Price of Freedom: A History of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present</a>. Routledge (UK). p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pricefreedomhist00wand/page/n146">133</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-25491-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-25491-4"><bdi>0-415-25491-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Price+of+Freedom%3A+A+History+of+East+Central+Europe+from+the+Middle+Ages+to+the+Present&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Routledge+%28UK%29&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-415-25491-4&rft.au=Piotr+Stefan+Wandycz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpricefreedomhist00wand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T3sEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA276">The New annual register</a>. 1808. pp. 276 (footnotes).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+annual+register&rft.pages=276+%28footnotes%29&rft.date=1808&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT3sEAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobroński2011" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dobroński, Adam (2011). "Białystok na Syberii". Medyk Białostocki (in Polish). Vol. 11, no. 103. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medyk+Bia%C5%82ostocki&rft.atitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+na+Syberii&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=103&rft.pages=31&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Dobro%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gr-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gr_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gr_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gr_32-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrażyna_Rogala" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grażyna Rogala. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zabytek.pl/pl/obiekty/bialystok-zespol-wiezienia-carskiego-ob-areszt-sledczy">"Zespół więzienia carskiego, ob. areszt śledczy"</a>. Zabytek.pl (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906182233/https://zabytek.pl/pl/obiekty/bialystok-zespol-wiezienia-carskiego-ob-areszt-sledczy">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zabytek.pl&rft.atitle=Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82+wi%C4%99zienia+carskiego%2C+ob.+areszt+%C5%9Bledczy&rft.au=Gra%C5%BCyna+Rogala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzabytek.pl%2Fpl%2Fobiekty%2Fbialystok-zespol-wiezienia-carskiego-ob-areszt-sledczy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zimmerman-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zimmerman_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zimmerman_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmerman2004" class="citation book cs1">Zimmerman, Joshua D. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6sbr9cZyw_4C&q=population+Brest+Poles+Jews&pg=PA16">Poles, Jews, and the politics of nationality</a>. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-299-19464-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-299-19464-7"><bdi>0-299-19464-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poles%2C+Jews%2C+and+the+politics+of+nationality&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Univ+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-299-19464-7&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=Joshua+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6sbr9cZyw_4C%26q%3Dpopulation%2BBrest%2BPoles%2BJews%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://szlak.uwb.edu.pl/indexen.html">"UWB Official website"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110830102113/http://szlak.uwb.edu.pl/indexen.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-08-30. Retrieved 2011-06-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UWB+Official+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fszlak.uwb.edu.pl%2Findexen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_Joseph1914" class="citation book cs1">Samuel Joseph (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewishimmigrati00josegoog/page/n68">Jewish Immigration to the United States, from 1881 to 1910</a>. Columbia University. pp. 65–66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Immigration+to+the+United+States%2C+from+1881+to+1910&rft.pages=65-66&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.date=1914&rft.au=Samuel+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjewishimmigrati00josegoog%2Fpage%2Fn68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dubnow-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Dubnow_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_DubnowIsrael_Friedlaender2000" class="citation book cs1">Simon Dubnow; Israel Friedlaender (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vL60sEf7OPoC&dq=Bialystok+pogrom&pg=PA484">History of the Jews in Russia and Poland</a>. Avotaynu Inc. p. 484. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781886223110" title="Special:BookSources/9781886223110"><bdi>9781886223110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Jews+in+Russia+and+Poland&rft.pages=484&rft.pub=Avotaynu+Inc&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781886223110&rft.au=Simon+Dubnow&rft.au=Israel+Friedlaender&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvL60sEf7OPoC%26dq%3DBialystok%2Bpogrom%26pg%3DPA484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Abrevaya_Stein2004" class="citation book cs1">Sarah Abrevaya Stein (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=39V_eGLSuJcC&dq=Bialystok+pogrom&pg=PA113">Making Jews Modern</a>. Indiana University Press. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0253110793" title="Special:BookSources/0253110793"><bdi>0253110793</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Jews+Modern&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0253110793&rft.au=Sarah+Abrevaya+Stein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D39V_eGLSuJcC%26dq%3DBialystok%2Bpogrom%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geifman-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Geifman_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeifman1993" class="citation book cs1">Geifman, Anna (1993). Thou Shalt Kill. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-02549-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-02549-5"><bdi>0-691-02549-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thou+Shalt+Kill&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-691-02549-5&rft.aulast=Geifman&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-av44-39"><a href="#cite_ref-av44_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvrich2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Avrich" title="Paul Avrich">Avrich, Paul</a> (2006). The Russian Anarchists. Stirling: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904859-48-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-904859-48-8"><bdi>1-904859-48-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Anarchists&rft.place=Stirling&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-904859-48-8&rft.aulast=Avrich&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gatrell-40"><a href="#cite_ref-gatrell_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGatrell,_Peter" class="citation book cs1">Gatrell, Peter. War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity, and German Occupation in World War I.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Land+on+the+Eastern+Front%3A+Culture%2C+National+Identity%2C+and+German+Occupation+in+World+War+I&rft.au=Gatrell%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brest-litowsk.libau-kurland-baltikum.de/Ober-Ost/ober-ost.html">"Das Land Ober Ost"</a> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719054646/http://www.brest-litowsk.libau-kurland-baltikum.de/Ober-Ost/ober-ost.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Das+Land+Ober+Ost&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brest-litowsk.libau-kurland-baltikum.de%2FOber-Ost%2Fober-ost.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maly rocznik statystyczny (Concise Statistical Year-Book of Poland) (in Polish). Warsaw: Central Statistical Office. 1939.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maly+rocznik+statystyczny+%28Concise+Statistical+Year-Book+of+Poland%29&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pub=Central+Statistical+Office&rft.date=1939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLechowski2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lechowski, Andrzej (2016-11-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.poranny.pl/stracone-nadzieje-bialystok-w-listopadzie-1918-roku/ar/11415635">"Stracone nadzieje. Białystok w listopadzie 1918 roku"</a> (in Polish). Kurier Poranny. Retrieved 2024-08-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stracone+nadzieje.+Bia%C5%82ystok+w+listopadzie+1918+roku&rft.pub=Kurier+Poranny&rft.date=2016-11-10&rft.aulast=Lechowski&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplus.poranny.pl%2Fstracone-nadzieje-bialystok-w-listopadzie-1918-roku%2Far%2F11415635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWardzyńska2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). 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Retrieved 2011-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Podzia%C5%82+Polski+mi%C4%99dzy+ZSRR+i+Trzeci%C4%85+Rzesz%C4%99+wed%C5%82ug+Paktu+Ribbentrop-Mo%C5%82otow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ivrozbiorpolski.pl%2Fimg%2Fgranice_rozbiorowe_2rp.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a class="external text" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Mapa_2_paktu_Ribbentrop-Mo%C5%82otow.gif">"Mapa podziału Polski. Podpisy: Stalin, Ribbentrop"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220505183144/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Mapa_2_paktu_Ribbentrop-Mo%C5%82otow.gif">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-05. Retrieved 2011-03-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mapa+podzia%C5%82u+Polski.+Podpisy%3A+Stalin%2C+Ribbentrop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F2%2F2c%2FMapa_2_paktu_Ribbentrop-Mo%25C5%2582otow.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Bialystok;3877124.html">"Białystok"</a>. Encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191122091602/https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Bialystok;3877124.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyklopedia+PWN&rft.atitle=Bia%C5%82ystok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo%2FBialystok%3B3877124.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSylwia_Wieczeryńska" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sylwia Wieczeryńska. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dzieje.pl/wystawy/wystawa-seweryn-nowakowski-zaginiony-prezydent-bialegostoku-od-piatku">"Wystawa "Seweryn Nowakowski – zaginiony prezydent Białegostoku" – od piątku"</a>. Dzieje.pl (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906182424/https://dzieje.pl/wystawy/wystawa-seweryn-nowakowski-zaginiony-prezydent-bialegostoku-od-piatku">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dzieje.pl&rft.atitle=Wystawa+%22Seweryn+Nowakowski+%E2%80%93+zaginiony+prezydent+Bia%C5%82egostoku%22+%E2%80%93+od+pi%C4%85tku&rft.au=Sylwia+Wieczery%C5%84ska&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdzieje.pl%2Fwystawy%2Fwystawa-seweryn-nowakowski-zaginiony-prezydent-bialegostoku-od-piatku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrabowski2011" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grabowski, Waldemar (2011). "Armia Krajowa". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 8-9 (129-130). IPN. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1641-9561">1641-9561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biuletyn+Instytutu+Pami%C4%99ci+Narodowej&rft.atitle=Armia+Krajowa&rft.issue=8-9+%28129-130%29&rft.pages=116&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1641-9561&rft.aulast=Grabowski&rft.aufirst=Waldemar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rk-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rk_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rk_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220528072234/https://www.uwb.edu.pl/ryszard-kaczorowski-1919-2010">"Ryszard Kaczorowski (1919 - 2010)"</a>. Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uwb.edu.pl/ryszard-kaczorowski-1919-2010">the original</a> on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uniwersytet+w+Bia%C5%82ymstoku&rft.atitle=Ryszard+Kaczorowski+%281919+-+2010%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuwb.edu.pl%2Fryszard-kaczorowski-1919-2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Budapest Review of Books". Books: Budapest Review of Books. Biuletyn IPN (in Polish). 35–36 (12/2003-1/2004 ed.). 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Białostockie Zgrupowanie Partyzanckie (in Polish). Białystok.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ostockie+Zgrupowanie+Partyzanckie&rft.place=Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Gnatowski&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=441">"Schweres NS-Gefängnis Bialystok"</a>. Bundesarchiv.de (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906182613/https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=441">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesarchiv.de&rft.atitle=Schweres+NS-Gef%C3%A4ngnis+Bialystok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Fzwangsarbeit%2Fhaftstaetten%2Findex.php%3Faction%3D2.2%26tab%3D7%26id%3D441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=440">"Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Bialystok"</a>. Bundesarchiv.de (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906182618/https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=440">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesarchiv.de&rft.atitle=Zwangsarbeitslager+f%C3%BCr+Juden+Bialystok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Fzwangsarbeit%2Fhaftstaetten%2Findex.php%3Faction%3D2.2%26tab%3D7%26id%3D440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrywa2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Drywa, Danuta (2020). "Germanizacja dzieci i młodzieży polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim z uwzględnieniem roli obozu koncentracyjnego Stutthof". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Uniwersytet Jagielloński</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Jagiello%C5%84ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteka Jagiellońska">Biblioteka Jagiellońska</a>. p. 187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Germanizacja+dzieci+i+m%C5%82odzie%C5%BCy+polskiej+na+Pomorzu+Gda%C5%84skim+z+uwzgl%C4%99dnieniem+roli+obozu+koncentracyjnego+Stutthof&rft.btitle=Zbrodnia+bez+kary...+Eksterminacja+i+cierpienie+polskich+dzieci+pod+okupacj%C4%85+niemieck%C4%85+%281939%E2%80%931945%29&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Uniwersytet+Jagiello%C5%84ski%2C+Biblioteka+Jagiello%C5%84ska&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Drywa&rft.aufirst=Danuta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ushmm-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005170">"Bialystok"</a>. Holocaust Encyclopedia. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070805001654/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005170">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bialystok&rft.btitle=Holocaust+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Farticle.php%3Flang%3Den%26ModuleId%3D10005170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark,_B1952" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mark, B (1952). Ruch oporu w getcie białostockim. Samoobrona-zagłada-powstanie (in Polish). Warsaw.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruch+oporu+w+getcie+bia%C5%82ostockim.+Samoobrona-zag%C5%82ada-powstanie&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.date=1952&rft.au=Mark%2C+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZwolski2005" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zwolski, Marcin (2005). "Deportacje internowanych Polakow z wojewodztwa białostockiego 1944–1945". Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość (in Polish). Vol. 2, no. 8. IPN. pp. 98–99. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1427-7476">1427-7476</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pami%C4%99%C4%87+i+Sprawiedliwo%C5%9B%C4%87&rft.atitle=Deportacje+internowanych+Polakow+z+wojewodztwa+bia%C5%82ostockiego+1944%E2%80%931945&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=98-99&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=1427-7476&rft.aulast=Zwolski&rft.aufirst=Marcin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608133233/http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/~zbzw/ph/pro/plpro.html">"New Provinces of Poland (1998)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/~zbzw/ph/pro/plpro.html">the original</a> on 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2011-03-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Provinces+of+Poland+%281998%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.staff.amu.edu.pl%2F~zbzw%2Fph%2Fpro%2Fplpro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.map-of-poland.co.uk/">"Map of Poland"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110426190140/http://www.map-of-poland.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+Poland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.map-of-poland.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJankowiak" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jankowiak, S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191226033428/https://pamiec.pl/pa/biblioteka-cyfrowa/biuletyn-instytutu-pam/10132,nr-9-102005.html">Trudny "powrót do macierzy"</a> (in Polish). IPN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pamiec.pl/pa/biblioteka-cyfrowa/biuletyn-instytutu-pam/10132,nr-9-102005.html">the original</a> on 2019-12-26. Retrieved 2013-11-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trudny+%22powr%C3%B3t+do+macierzy%22&rft.pub=IPN&rft.aulast=Jankowiak&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpamiec.pl%2Fpa%2Fbiblioteka-cyfrowa%2Fbiuletyn-instytutu-pam%2F10132%2Cnr-9-102005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ustawa-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ustawa_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ustawa_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish). 1975. p. 91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dziennik+Ustaw&rft.pages=91&rft.date=1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206132331/http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/5840_4533_ENG_HTML.htm">"Green Lungs Of Poland In 2006"</a> (in Polish). Central Statistical Office, Warsaw. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/5840_4533_ENG_HTML.htm">the original</a> (PDF) on 2011-02-06. Retrieved 2011-01-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green+Lungs+Of+Poland+In+2006&rft.pub=Central+Statistical+Office%2C+Warsaw&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.pl%2Fgus%2F5840_4533_ENG_HTML.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kondracki-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kondracki_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kondracki_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKondracki2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kondracki, Jerzy (2002). Geografia regionalna Polski (in Polish). Warszawa: PWN. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-01-13897-1" title="Special:BookSources/83-01-13897-1"><bdi>83-01-13897-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geografia+regionalna+Polski&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=PWN&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=83-01-13897-1&rft.aulast=Kondracki&rft.aufirst=Jerzy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edziennik.bialystok.uw.gov.pl/legalact/2015/4435/">"Plan Zrównoważonego Rozwoju Publicznego Transportu Zbiorowego na lata 2015-2022 dla Miasta Białegostoku i gmin ościennych, które zawarły z Miastem Białystok porozumienie w sprawie wspólnej organizacji transportu publicznego oraz pozostałych gmin wchodzących w skład obszaru funkcjonalnego"</a> (in Polish). p. 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308150503/https://edziennik.bialystok.uw.gov.pl/legalact/2015/4435/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2022-03-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plan+Zr%C3%B3wnowa%C5%BConego+Rozwoju+Publicznego+Transportu+Zbiorowego+na+lata+2015-2022+dla+Miasta+Bia%C5%82egostoku+i+gmin+o%C5%9Bciennych%2C+kt%C3%B3re+zawar%C5%82y+z+Miastem+Bia%C5%82ystok+porozumienie+w+sprawie+wsp%C3%B3lnej+organizacji+transportu+publicznego+oraz+pozosta%C5%82ych+gmin+wchodz%C4%85cych+w+sk%C5%82ad+obszaru+funkcjonalnego&rft.pages=24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedziennik.bialystok.uw.gov.pl%2Flegalact%2F2015%2F4435%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bialystok.pl/pl/dla_mieszkancow/ochrona_srodowiska/przyroda_w_naszym_miescie/">"Białystok – Lasy"</a>. Białystok Miasto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121115508/https://www.bialystok.pl/pl/dla_mieszkancow/ochrona_srodowiska/przyroda_w_naszym_miescie/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2021-01-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+%E2%80%93+Lasy&rft.pub=Bia%C5%82ystok+Miasto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.pl%2Fpl%2Fdla_mieszkancow%2Fochrona_srodowiska%2Fprzyroda_w_naszym_miescie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bip.bialystok.pl/resource/46839/45298/Program+rewitalizacji+miasta+Bia%25C5%2582egostoku+na+lata+2017-2023.pdf">"UCHWAŁA NR XXXIV/559/17 RADY MIASTA BIAŁYSTOK z dnia 24 kwietnia 2017 r. w sprawie Programu rewitalizacji miasta Białegostoku na lata 2017-2023"</a> (PDF) (in Polish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UCHWA%C5%81A+NR+XXXIV%2F559%2F17+RADY+MIASTA+BIA%C5%81YSTOK+z+dnia+24+kwietnia+2017+r.+w+sprawie+Programu+rewitalizacji+miasta+Bia%C5%82egostoku+na+lata+2017-2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbip.bialystok.pl%2Fresource%2F46839%2F45298%2FProgram%2Brewitalizacji%2Bmiasta%2BBia%2525C5%252582egostoku%2Bna%2Blata%2B2017-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pkpk.wrotapodlasia.pl/">"Knyszyń Forest Landscape Park"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324052641/http://www.pkpk.wrotapodlasia.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-03-24. Retrieved 2011-03-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Knyszy%C5%84+Forest+Landscape+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pkpk.wrotapodlasia.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bryk.pl/wypracowania/pozosta%C5%82e/wos/16969-bia%C5%82ystok.html">"Białystok. Rezerwat – park Zwierzyniecki"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918103734/http://www.bryk.pl/wypracowania/pozosta%C5%82e/wos/16969-bia%C5%82ystok.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-09-18. Retrieved 2011-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok.+Rezerwat+%E2%80%93+park+Zwierzyniecki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bryk.pl%2Fwypracowania%2Fpozosta%25C5%2582e%2Fwos%2F16969-bia%25C5%2582ystok.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218080114/http://www.bialystok.pl/site.php?s=MDAxNTYy">"Białystok portal miejski. Białostockie parki"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystok.pl/site.php?s=MDAxNTYy">the original</a> on 2009-02-18. Retrieved 2011-03-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+portal+miejski.+Bia%C5%82ostockie+parki.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.pl%2Fsite.php%3Fs%3DMDAxNTYy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bialystok.gazeta.pl/bialystok/1,37227,7077558,Zalew_Dojlidy__Czas_na_zmiany.html">"Zalew Dojlidy. Czas na zmiany"</a>. Gazeta Wyborcza Białystok. 2009-09-25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315091947/http://bialystok.gazeta.pl/bialystok/1,37227,7077558,Zalew_Dojlidy__Czas_na_zmiany.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2011-06-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zalew+Dojlidy.+Czas+na+zmiany&rft.pub=Gazeta+Wyborcza+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.date=2009-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbialystok.gazeta.pl%2Fbialystok%2F1%2C37227%2C7077558%2CZalew_Dojlidy__Czas_na_zmiany.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/">"Średnie i sumy miesięczne"</a>. Dane meteorologiczne (in Polish). 2018-04-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121041540/https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-02-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dane+meteorologiczne&rft.atitle=%C5%9Arednie+i+sumy+miesi%C4%99czne&rft.date=2018-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeteomodel.pl%2Fdane%2Fsrednie-miesieczne%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_73-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGórniak2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Górniak, Andrzej (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repozytorium.uwb.edu.pl/jspui/bitstream/11320/12295/1/A_Gorniak_Klimat_wojewodztwa_podlaskiego.pdf">Klimat województwa podlaskiego w czasie globalnego ocieplenia</a> (PDF) (in Polish). Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-7431-694-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-7431-694-1"><bdi>978-83-7431-694-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206082236/https://repozytorium.uwb.edu.pl/jspui/bitstream/11320/12295/1/A_Gorniak_Klimat_wojewodztwa_podlaskiego.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Klimat+wojew%C3%B3dztwa+podlaskiego+w+czasie+globalnego+ocieplenia&rft.place=Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Uniwersytetu+w+Bia%C5%82ymstoku&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-83-7431-694-1&rft.aulast=G%C3%B3rniak&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepozytorium.uwb.edu.pl%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F11320%2F12295%2F1%2FA_Gorniak_Klimat_wojewodztwa_podlaskiego.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_74-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-maps/#Mean_Temperature/Seasonal/1991-2020/1/Winter">"Mapy klimatu Polski - Portal Klimat IMGW-PiB"</a>. klimat.imgw.pl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220212141859/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-maps/#Mean_Temperature/Seasonal/1991-2020/1/Winter">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-02-12. Retrieved 2022-02-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=klimat.imgw.pl&rft.atitle=Mapy+klimatu+Polski+-+Portal+Klimat+IMGW-PiB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-maps%2F%23Mean_Temperature%2FSeasonal%2F1991-2020%2F1%2FWinter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzubaszekWysocka-Czubaszek2016" class="citation journal cs1">Czubaszek, Robert; Wysocka-Czubaszek, Agnieszka (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journalssystem.com/jeeng/URBAN-HEAT-ISLAND-IN-BIALYSTOK,63323,0,2.html">"URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN BIAŁYSTOK"</a>. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 17 (3): 60–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12911%2F22998993%2F63323">10.12911/22998993/63323</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2299-8993">2299-8993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=URBAN+HEAT+ISLAND+IN+BIA%C5%81YSTOK&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=60-65&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12911%2F22998993%2F63323&rft.issn=2299-8993&rft.aulast=Czubaszek&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Wysocka-Czubaszek%2C+Agnieszka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journalssystem.com%2Fjeeng%2FURBAN-HEAT-ISLAND-IN-BIALYSTOK%2C63323%2C0%2C2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWtavg-76"><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWtavg_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115527/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE">"Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza"</a>. Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE">the original</a> on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=%C5%9Arednia+dobowa+temperatura+powietrza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FTSR_AVE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWtmin-77"><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWtmin_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043924/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE">"Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza"</a>. Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE">the original</a> on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=%C5%9Arednia+minimalna+temperatura+powietrza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FTMIN_AVE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWtmax-78"><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWtmax_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044916/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE">"Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza"</a>. Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE">the original</a> on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=%C5%9Arednia+maksymalna+temperatura+powietrza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FTMAX_AVE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWprecip-79"><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWprecip_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220109045820/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA">"Miesięczna suma opadu"</a>. Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA">the original</a> on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=Miesi%C4%99czna+suma+opadu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FOPAD_SUMA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWprecipdays-80"><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWprecipdays_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115051112/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01">"Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm"</a>. Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01">the original</a> on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=Liczba+dni+z+opadem+%3E%3D+0%2C1+mm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FOPAD_01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWsnowdepth-81"><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWsnowdepth_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054936/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB">"Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej"</a>. Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB">the original</a> on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=%C5%9Arednia+grubo%C5%9B%C4%87+pokrywy+%C5%9Bnie%C5%BCnej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FSNIEG_SR_GRUB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWsnowdays-82"><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWsnowdays_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0">"Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm"</a>. Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0">the original</a> on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=Liczba+dni+z+pokryw%C4%85+%C5%9Bnie%C5%BCna+%3E+0+cm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FSNIEG_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWsun-83"><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWsun_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055331/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL">"Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)"</a>. Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL">the original</a> on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=%C5%9Arednia+suma+us%C5%82onecznienia+%28h%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FUSL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-recordhigh-84"><a href="#cite_ref-recordhigh_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=tx&max_empty=3">"Białystok Absolutna temperatura maksymalna"</a> (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044739/https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=tx&max_empty=3">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+Absolutna+temperatura+maksymalna&rft.pub=Meteomodel.pl&rft.date=2018-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeteomodel.pl%2Fdane%2Fsrednie-miesieczne%2F%3Fimgwid%3D353230295%26par%3Dtx%26max_empty%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-recordlow-85"><a href="#cite_ref-recordlow_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=tmin&max_empty=3">"Białystok Absolutna temperatura minimalna"</a> (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044742/https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=tmin&max_empty=3">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+Absolutna+temperatura+minimalna&rft.pub=Meteomodel.pl&rft.date=2018-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeteomodel.pl%2Fdane%2Fsrednie-miesieczne%2F%3Fimgwid%3D353230295%26par%3Dtmin%26max_empty%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-relativehumidity-86"><a href="#cite_ref-relativehumidity_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=rh&max_empty=3">"Białystok Średnia wilgotność"</a> (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044746/https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=rh&max_empty=3">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+%C5%9Arednia+wilgotno%C5%9B%C4%87&rft.pub=Meteomodel.pl&rft.date=2018-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeteomodel.pl%2Fdane%2Fsrednie-miesieczne%2F%3Fimgwid%3D353230295%26par%3Drh%26max_empty%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/poland/bialystok/climate">"Climate & Weather Averages in Białystok"</a>. Time and Date. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220724075436/https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/poland/bialystok/climate">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+%26+Weather+Averages+in+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.pub=Time+and+Date&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Fweather%2Fpoland%2Fbialystok%2Fclimate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-noaa-88"><a href="#cite_ref-noaa_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/PL/12295.TXT">"Bialystok (12295) - WMO Weather Station"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a>. Retrieved December 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bialystok+%2812295%29+-+WMO+Weather+Station&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FPL%2F12295.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrażyna_Rogala2014" class="citation web cs1">Grażyna Rogala (2014-12-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zabytek.pl/en/obiekty/bialystok-uklad-urbanistyczny">"Part of the urban area"</a>. Regional Branch of the National Heritage Board of Poland in Białystok. Retrieved 2023-09-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Part+of+the+urban+area&rft.pub=Regional+Branch+of+the+National+Heritage+Board+of+Poland+in+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.date=2014-12-23&rft.au=Gra%C5%BCyna+Rogala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzabytek.pl%2Fen%2Fobiekty%2Fbialystok-uklad-urbanistyczny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Z badań nad zmianami struktury przestrzennej miasta Białegostoku". Rocznik Białostocki (18): 432–435. 1993.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rocznik+Bia%C5%82ostocki&rft.atitle=Z+bada%C5%84+nad+zmianami+struktury+przestrzennej+miasta+Bia%C5%82egostoku&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=432-435&rft.date=1993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamsel" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Samsel, Agata. Białystok w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym (in Polish). pp. 234–235.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+w+dwudziestoleciu+mi%C4%99dzywojennym&rft.pages=234-235&rft.aulast=Samsel&rft.aufirst=Agata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanuszkiewicz2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Januszkiewicz, Julita (2019-05-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.poranny.pl/jak-powstal-wielki-bialystok-w-1919-roku-do-miasta-przylaczono-kilkanascie-wsi/ar/c1-14163461">"Jak powstał Wielki Białystok? W 1919 roku do miasta przyłączono kilkanaście wsi"</a> (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-08-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jak+powsta%C5%82+Wielki+Bia%C5%82ystok%3F+W+1919+roku+do+miasta+przy%C5%82%C4%85czono+kilkana%C5%9Bcie+wsi&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft.aulast=Januszkiewicz&rft.aufirst=Julita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplus.poranny.pl%2Fjak-powstal-wielki-bialystok-w-1919-roku-do-miasta-przylaczono-kilkanascie-wsi%2Far%2Fc1-14163461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> [rewitalizacja ulicy Młynowej w Białymstoku] </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poranny.pl/sloboda-byla-wsia-mieszkancy-mieli-tu-gospodarstwa/ar/4933253">"Słoboda była wsią. Mieszkańcy mieli tu gospodarstwa"</a>. Kurier Poranny. 7 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190829205515/https://poranny.pl/sloboda-byla-wsia-mieszkancy-mieli-tu-gospodarstwa/ar/4933253">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=S%C5%82oboda+by%C5%82a+wsi%C4%85.+Mieszka%C5%84cy+mieli+tu+gospodarstwa&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fporanny.pl%2Fsloboda-byla-wsia-mieszkancy-mieli-tu-gospodarstwa%2Far%2F4933253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTokajuk" class="citation book cs1">Tokajuk, Jerzy. Konflikty przestrzenne na styku istniejacej zabudowy zagrodowej i planowanej zabudowy mieszkaniowej na terenach wsi strefy podmiejskiej wlaczonych do obszaru miasta Bialoegostoku. pp. 312–313.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Konflikty+przestrzenne+na+styku+istniejacej+zabudowy+zagrodowej+i+planowanej+zabudowy+mieszkaniowej+na+terenach+wsi+strefy+podmiejskiej+wlaczonych+do+obszaru+miasta+Bialoegostoku&rft.pages=312-313&rft.aulast=Tokajuk&rft.aufirst=Jerzy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Districts-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Districts_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Districts_96-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Districts_96-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bipnowy.um.bialystok.pl/?event=kategoria&id=61">"Bulletin of Białystok City Hall: City Council resolutions on the administrative division of the city"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322030303/http://bipnowy.um.bialystok.pl/?event=kategoria&id=61">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2011-06-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulletin+of+Bia%C5%82ystok+City+Hall%3A+City+Council+resolutions+on+the+administrative+division+of+the+city&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbipnowy.um.bialystok.pl%2F%3Fevent%3Dkategoria%26id%3D61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504031625/http://www.bialystok.pl/322-podzial-miasta-na-osiedla/default.aspx">"Division of the City of settlements"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystok.pl/322-podzial-miasta-na-osiedla/default.aspx">the original</a> on 2011-05-04. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Division+of+the+City+of+settlements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.pl%2F322-podzial-miasta-na-osiedla%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bialystok.pl/pl/wiadomosci/aktualnosci/nowe-osiedle-bagnowka.html">"Nowe osiedle – Bagnówka"</a> (in Polish). 2021-01-25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126075322/https://www.bialystok.pl/pl/wiadomosci/aktualnosci/nowe-osiedle-bagnowka.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2021-02-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nowe+osiedle+%E2%80%93+Bagn%C3%B3wka&rft.date=2021-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.pl%2Fpl%2Fwiadomosci%2Faktualnosci%2Fnowe-osiedle-bagnowka.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gisbialystok.pl/">"Miejski System Informacji Przestrzennej (GIS)"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713184613/http://gisbialystok.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2011-07-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miejski+System+Informacji+Przestrzennej+%28GIS%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gisbialystok.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bialystok.stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/bialystok/pl/defaultstronaopisowa/1102/1/1/polozenie_warunki_naturalne_3.pdf">"Położenie i warunki naturalne"</a> (PDF) (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208160752/https://bialystok.stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/bialystok/pl/defaultstronaopisowa/1102/1/1/polozenie_warunki_naturalne_3.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Po%C5%82o%C5%BCenie+i+warunki+naturalne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbialystok.stat.gov.pl%2Ffiles%2Fgfx%2Fbialystok%2Fpl%2Fdefaultstronaopisowa%2F1102%2F1%2F1%2Fpolozenie_warunki_naturalne_3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-land_use-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-land_use_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-land_use_101-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314023623/http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/bialystok/ASSETS_09m02_02.pdf">"Geodesic status and use of city land"</a> (PDF) (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/bialystok/ASSETS_09m02_02.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2011-04-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geodesic+status+and+use+of+city+land&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.pl%2Fcps%2Frde%2Fxbcr%2Fbialystok%2FASSETS_09m02_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystok.uw.gov.pl/dzienniki/dzienniki/684.pdf">"Rozporządzenie Nr 52/05 Wojewody Podlaskiego z dnia 16 maja 2005 r. w sprawie wyznaczenia aglomeracji Białystok (Dz. Urz. Woj. Podl. Nr 130, poz. 1547)"</a> (PDF) (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004123108/http://www.bialystok.uw.gov.pl/dzienniki/dzienniki/684.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-03-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rozporz%C4%85dzenie+Nr+52%2F05+Wojewody+Podlaskiego+z+dnia+16+maja+2005+r.+w+sprawie+wyznaczenia+aglomeracji+Bia%C5%82ystok+%28Dz.+Urz.+Woj.+Podl.+Nr+130%2C+poz.+1547%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.uw.gov.pl%2Fdzienniki%2Fdzienniki%2F684.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystok.uw.gov.pl/dzienniki/dzienniki/1217.pdf">"Rozporządzenie Nr 5/06 Wojewody Podlaskiego z dnia 29 września 2006 r. w sprawie wyznaczenia aglomeracji Białystok (Dz. Urz. Woj. Podl. Nr 244, poz. 2383)"</a> (PDF) (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004123232/http://www.bialystok.uw.gov.pl/dzienniki/dzienniki/1217.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-03-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rozporz%C4%85dzenie+Nr+5%2F06+Wojewody+Podlaskiego+z+dnia+29+wrze%C5%9Bnia+2006+r.+w+sprawie+wyznaczenia+aglomeracji+Bia%C5%82ystok+%28Dz.+Urz.+Woj.+Podl.+Nr+244%2C+poz.+2383%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.uw.gov.pl%2Fdzienniki%2Fdzienniki%2F1217.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSO-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CSO_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSO_104-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717150609/http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/yearbooks_ENG_HTML.htm">"Population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division, as of June 30, 2010"</a> (in Polish). Central Statistical Office, Warsaw. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/yearbooks_ENG_HTML.htm">the original</a> on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population.+Size+and+Structure+by+Territorial+Division%2C+as+of+June+30%2C+2010&rft.pub=Central+Statistical+Office%2C+Warsaw&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.pl%2Fgus%2Fyearbooks_ENG_HTML.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Bialystok">"Białystok (podlaskie) » mapy, nieruchomości, GUS, noclegi, szkoły, regon, atrakcje, kody pocztowe, wypadki drogowe, bezrobocie, wynagrodzenie, zarobki, tabele, edukacja, demografia"</a>. Polskawliczbach.pl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605190054/https://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Bialystok">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polskawliczbach.pl&rft.atitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+%28podlaskie%29+%C2%BB+mapy%2C+nieruchomo%C5%9Bci%2C+GUS%2C+noclegi%2C+szko%C5%82y%2C+regon%2C+atrakcje%2C+kody+pocztowe%2C+wypadki+drogowe%2C+bezrobocie%2C+wynagrodzenie%2C+zarobki%2C+tabele%2C+edukacja%2C+demografia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polskawliczbach.pl%2FBialystok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statlibr.stat.gov.pl/exlibris/aleph/a22_1/apache_media/RQ1U9XAX48KJJDQ54QSAFQKQ6AK6GS.pdf">"Demographic and occupational structure and housing conditions of the urban population in 1978-1988"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Demographic+and+occupational+structure+and+housing+conditions+of+the+urban+population+in+1978-1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatlibr.stat.gov.pl%2Fexlibris%2Faleph%2Fa22_1%2Fapache_media%2FRQ1U9XAX48KJJDQ54QSAFQKQ6AK6GS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/podgrup/temat/">"Statistics Poland - National Censuses"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+Poland+-+National+Censuses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdl.stat.gov.pl%2Fbdl%2Fdane%2Fpodgrup%2Ftemat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/teryt/jednostka">"Local Data Bank"</a>. Statistics Poland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422210113/https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/teryt/jednostka">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Data+Bank&rft.pub=Statistics+Poland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdl.stat.gov.pl%2FBDL%2Fdane%2Fteryt%2Fjednostka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> Data for territorial unit 2061000. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314023609/http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/bialystok/ASSETS_09m01_01.pdf">"Białystok against the background of other voivodship cities in 2009"</a> (PDF) (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/bialystok/ASSETS_09m01_01.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2011-02-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+against+the+background+of+other+voivodship+cities+in+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.pl%2Fcps%2Frde%2Fxbcr%2Fbialystok%2FASSETS_09m01_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wrobel-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wrobel_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wrobel_110-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wrobel_110-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWróbel1989" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wróbel, Piotr (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repozytorium.uwb.edu.pl/jspui/bitstream/11320/4333/1/Studia_Podlaskie_2_Wrobel.pdf">"Na równi pochyłej. Żydzi Białegostoku w latach 1918-1939: demografia, ekonomika, dezintegracja, konflikty z Polakami (On the Downward Path. The Jews of Białystok in 1918-1939; Demography, Economy, Disintegration)"</a> (PDF). Studia Podlaskie (in Polish). 2. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="University of Białystok">University of Białystok</a>: 167–168. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212043753/https://repozytorium.uwb.edu.pl/jspui/bitstream/11320/4333/1/Studia_Podlaskie_2_Wrobel.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Podlaskie&rft.atitle=Na+r%C3%B3wni+pochy%C5%82ej.+%C5%BBydzi+Bia%C5%82egostoku+w+latach+1918-1939%3A+demografia%2C+ekonomika%2C+dezintegracja%2C+konflikty+z+Polakami+%28On+the+Downward+Path.+The+Jews+of+Bia%C5%82ystok+in+1918-1939%3B+Demography%2C+Economy%2C+Disintegration%29&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=167-168&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Wr%C3%B3bel&rft.aufirst=Piotr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepozytorium.uwb.edu.pl%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F11320%2F4333%2F1%2FStudia_Podlaskie_2_Wrobel.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pbc.biaman.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=2107&from=publication">"Drugi Powszechny Spis Ludności z dn. 9. XII 1931 r.: mieszkania i gospodarstwa domowe, ludność, stosunki zawodowe: województwo białostockie"</a> (in Polish). <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistical_Office_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Statistical Office (Poland)">GUS</a>. 1938: 27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191120012939/http://pbc.biaman.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=2107&from=publication">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-20. Retrieved 2018-11-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Drugi+Powszechny+Spis+Ludno%C5%9Bci+z+dn.+9.+XII+1931+r.%3A+mieszkania+i+gospodarstwa+domowe%2C+ludno%C5%9B%C4%87%2C+stosunki+zawodowe%3A+wojew%C3%B3dztwo+bia%C5%82ostockie&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1938&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpbc.biaman.pl%2Fdlibra%2Fdocmetadata%3Fid%3D2107%26from%3Dpublication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin1995" class="citation book cs1">Levin, Don (1995). The Lesser of Two Evils: Eastern European Jewry under Soviet Rule, 1939-1941. The Jewish Publication Society. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0827605183" title="Special:BookSources/978-0827605183"><bdi>978-0827605183</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lesser+of+Two+Evils%3A+Eastern+European+Jewry+under+Soviet+Rule%2C+1939-1941&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=The+Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0827605183&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDānishgāh-i_Tihrān._Faculty_of_Fine_Arts1990" class="citation book cs1">Dānishgāh-i Tihrān. Faculty of Fine Arts (1990). International Conference on Reconstruction of War-Damaged Areas: 6–16 March 1986: Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran. University of Tehran Press. p. 148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Conference+on+Reconstruction+of+War-Damaged+Areas%3A+6%E2%80%9316+March+1986%3A+Faculty+of+Fine+Arts%2C+University+of+Tehran%2C+Iran&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=University+of+Tehran+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.au=D%C4%81nishg%C4%81h-i+Tihr%C4%81n.+Faculty+of+Fine+Arts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yearbook-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yearbook_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yearbook_114-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101210081738/http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/yearbooks_ENG_HTML.htm">"Statistical Yearbooks of Poland"</a>. Central Statistical Office, Warsaw. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/yearbooks_ENG_HTML.htm">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 2011-01-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Yearbooks+of+Poland&rft.pub=Central+Statistical+Office%2C+Warsaw&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.pl%2Fgus%2Fyearbooks_ENG_HTML.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU19980910578">"Dz.U. z 1998 r. nr 91, poz. 578 (Sjem of the RP)"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807131629/http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU19980910578">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dz.U.+z+1998+r.+nr+91%2C+poz.+578+%28Sjem+of+the+RP%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisap.sejm.gov.pl%2FDetailsServlet%3Fid%3DWDU19980910578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-miasta-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miasta_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miasta_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miasta_116-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miasta_116-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miasta_116-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bipnowy.um.bialystok.pl/253-statut-miasta/lang/pl-PL/default.aspx">"Statut Miasta Białegostoku"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110121061257/http://bipnowy.um.bialystok.pl/253-statut-miasta/lang/pl-PL/default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statut+Miasta+Bia%C5%82egostoku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbipnowy.um.bialystok.pl%2F253-statut-miasta%2Flang%2Fpl-PL%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930061140/http://wybory2006.pkw.gov.pl/kbw/wynikiWbpKandydatObwody.html?kandydat=8a8a8a840e53afcd010e55a2e6b40122">"Wyniki głosowania na kandydata w obwodach"</a> (in Polish). pkw.gov.pl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wybory2006.pkw.gov.pl/kbw/wynikiWbpKandydatObwody.html?kandydat=8a8a8a840e53afcd010e55a2e6b40122">the original</a> on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2011-08-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wyniki+g%C5%82osowania+na+kandydata+w+obwodach&rft.pub=pkw.gov.pl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwybory2006.pkw.gov.pl%2Fkbw%2FwynikiWbpKandydatObwody.html%3Fkandydat%3D8a8a8a840e53afcd010e55a2e6b40122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-biabudget-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-biabudget_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biabudget_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bipnowy.um.bialystok.pl/386-budzet-2011/lang/pl-PL/default.aspx">"2010–2011 Budget Statement"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110121071116/http://bipnowy.um.bialystok.pl/386-budzet-2011/lang/pl-PL/default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010%E2%80%932011+Budget+Statement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbipnowy.um.bialystok.pl%2F386-budzet-2011%2Flang%2Fpl-PL%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystok.uw.gov.pl/">"Podlaskie Voivodeship website"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828190207/http://www.bialystok.uw.gov.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Podlaskie+Voivodeship+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.uw.gov.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNohlen2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nohlen, Dieter (2004). Prawo wyborcze i system partyjny. O teorii systemów wyborczych (in Polish). Warszawa: Scholar. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-7383-130-4" title="Special:BookSources/83-7383-130-4"><bdi>83-7383-130-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prawo+wyborcze+i+system+partyjny.+O+teorii+system%C3%B3w+wyborczych&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Scholar&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=83-7383-130-4&rft.aulast=Nohlen&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716135036/http://www.pkw.gov.pl/pkw2/index.jsp?place=Lead07&news_cat_id=12&news_id=2355&layout=1&page=text">"The Act of 23rd January 2004 on Elections to the European Parliament"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pkw.gov.pl/pkw2/index.jsp?place=Lead07&news_cat_id=12&news_id=2355&layout=1&page=text">the original</a> on 2011-07-16. 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Retrieved 2012-11-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rela%C5%A3ii+bilaterale+%E2%80%93+Scurt+istoric&rft.pub=Romanian+Foreign+Ministry+%E2%80%93+Romanian+Embassy+to+Poland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvarsovia.mae.ro%2Fnode%2F221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121150017/https://pfrr.pl/konsulat-finlandii/">"Konsulat Finlandii"</a>. Podlaska Fundacja Rozwoju Regionalnego (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfrr.pl/konsulat-finlandii/">the original</a> on 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2020-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Podlaska+Fundacja+Rozwoju+Regionalnego&rft.atitle=Konsulat+Finlandii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpfrr.pl%2Fkonsulat-finlandii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.pl/web/dyplomacja/misje-dyplomatyczne-urzedy-konsularne-i-organizacje-miedzynarodowe-w-polsce">"Misje dyplomatyczne, urzędy konsularne i organizacje międzynarodowe w Polsce"</a> (in Polish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. 2021-01-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924100320/https://www.gov.pl/web/dyplomacja/misje-dyplomatyczne-urzedy-konsularne-i-organizacje-miedzynarodowe-w-polsce">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2021-01-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Misje+dyplomatyczne%2C+urz%C4%99dy+konsularne+i+organizacje+mi%C4%99dzynarodowe+w+Polsce&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+the+Republic+of+Poland&rft.date=2021-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.pl%2Fweb%2Fdyplomacja%2Fmisje-dyplomatyczne-urzedy-konsularne-i-organizacje-miedzynarodowe-w-polsce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191108/http://www.selfgov.gov.pl/">"UMP"</a>. UMP. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.selfgov.gov.pl/">the original</a> on 2013-10-29. 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Retrieved 2022-03-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wsp%C3%B3%C5%82praca+zagraniczna&rft.pub=Bia%C5%82ystok+-+Oficjalny+Portal+Miasta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.pl%2Fpl%2Fdla_mieszkancow%2Fpromocja_miasta%2Fwspolpraca-zagraniczna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Villes_partenaires_de_Dijon-132"><a href="#cite_ref-Villes_partenaires_de_Dijon_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002140622/http://www.dijon.fr/relations-internationales%210-149-1/dijon-une-politique-renouvelee-a-l-international%211-586/">"Ville de Dijon – Dijon, une politique renouvelée à l'international"</a>. Dijon.fr. 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Reduta to pomnik chwały tych, którzy chcieli podjąć walkę, uratować honor miasta"</a> (url) (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218193710/https://poranny.pl/wysoki-stoczek-reduta-to-pomnik-chwaly-tych-ktorzy-chcieli-podjac-walke-uratowac-honor-miasta-zdjecia/ar/5244920">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-18. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bip.mon.gov.pl/pliki/file/DZIENNIKI%20URZEDOWE/2010/Skorowidz%202009.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dziennik+Urz%C4%99dowy+Ministra+Obrony+Narodowej%2C+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bip.mon.gov.pl%2Fpliki%2Ffile%2FDZIENNIKI%2520URZEDOWE%2F2010%2FSkorowidz%25202009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miroslaw_Giętkowski_1939-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miroslaw_Giętkowski_1939_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miroslaw_Giętkowski_1939_139-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiętkowski2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Giętkowski, Miroslaw (2001). Riding the Polish Army Artillery 1918–1939 (in Polish). Toruń: Adam Marszałek. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-7174-823-X" title="Special:BookSources/83-7174-823-X"><bdi>83-7174-823-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riding+the+Polish+Army+Artillery+1918%E2%80%931939&rft.place=Toru%C5%84&rft.pub=Adam+Marsza%C5%82ek&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=83-7174-823-X&rft.aulast=Gi%C4%99tkowski&rft.aufirst=Miroslaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_140-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_140-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJurga1975" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jurga, Tadeusz (1975). 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Retrieved 2021-01-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Podlaskie+Voivodeship+Labor+Office+%28Wojew%C3%B3dzki+Urz%C4%85d+Pracy+w+Bia%C5%82ymstoku%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwupbialystok.praca.gov.pl%2Frynek-pracy%2Fstatystyki-i-analizy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314023644/http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/bialystok/ASSETS_10w08_02.pdf">"2009 Household income"</a> (PDF) (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/bialystok/ASSETS_10w08_02.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+Household+income&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.pl%2Fcps%2Frde%2Fxbcr%2Fbialystok%2FASSETS_10w08_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314023742/http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/bialystok/ASSETS_10w08_03.pdf">"2009 Household expenses"</a> (PDF) (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/bialystok/ASSETS_10w08_03.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+Household+expenses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.pl%2Fcps%2Frde%2Fxbcr%2Fbialystok%2FASSETS_10w08_03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecoprofile-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ecoprofile_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecoprofile_144-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecoprofile_144-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecoprofile_144-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecoprofile_144-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815170357/http://en.um.bialystok.pl/274-economic-profile/lang/en-GB/default.aspx">"Economic Profile of Białystok"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.um.bialystok.pl/274-economic-profile/lang/en-GB/default.aspx">the original</a> on 2011-08-15. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economic+Profile+of+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.um.bialystok.pl%2F274-economic-profile%2Flang%2Fen-GB%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121216144956/http://www.sabmiller.com/index.asp?pageid=149&newsid=1186">"SABMiller overview of operations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabmiller.com/index.asp?pageid=149&newsid=1186">the original</a> on 2012-12-16. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polmos.bialystok.pl/ri/data/polmos_bialystok_raport_analityczny.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strona+producenta+%E2%80%93+raport+sprzeda%C5%BCy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polmos.bialystok.pl%2Fri%2Fdata%2Fpolmos_bialystok_raport_analityczny.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smpcorp.com/SMP%20Stories-SMP%20in%20Bialystok%20Poland/Content.aspx">"SMP Motor Corp"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716095431/http://www.smpcorp.com/SMP%20Stories-SMP%20in%20Bialystok%20Poland/Content.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SMP+Motor+Corp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smpcorp.com%2FSMP%2520Stories-SMP%2520in%2520Bialystok%2520Poland%2FContent.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supon.bialystok.pl/">""SUPON" BIAŁYSTOK"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909125016/http://supon.bialystok.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-09. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22SUPON%22+BIA%C5%81YSTOK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supon.bialystok.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816220520/http://3912.pl.all.biz/en/">"SavaPol"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://3912.pl.all.biz/en/">the original</a> on August 16, 2011. Retrieved 2013-11-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SavaPol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F3912.pl.all.biz%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biazet.pl/">"Biazet"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110905131545/http://www.biazet.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-09-05. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biazet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biazet.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agnella.pl/">"Agnella"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918183446/http://www.agnella.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-09-18. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agnella&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agnella.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715203942/http://www.rosti.com/default_detail_4_58_0_24.html">"Rosti"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rosti.com/default_detail_4_58_0_24.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-15. 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Retrieved 2011-06-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ch%C5%82odnia+Bia%C5%82ystok+S.A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chlodnia-bialystok.com.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pzz.bialystok.pl/">"Podlaskie Zakłady Zbożowe S.A."</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112035308/http://www.pzz.bialystok.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-01-12. Retrieved 2011-06-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Podlaskie+Zak%C5%82ady+Zbo%C5%BCowe+S.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pzz.bialystok.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bpnt.bialystok.pl/PL/aktualnosci/dojrzalosc-z-certyfikatem">"Dojrzałość z certyfikatem. BPN-T ponownie docenione przez ekspertów"</a>. bpnt.bialystok.pl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423133027/https://bpnt.bialystok.pl/PL/aktualnosci/dojrzalosc-z-certyfikatem">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 2023-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bpnt.bialystok.pl&rft.atitle=Dojrza%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87+z+certyfikatem.+BPN-T+ponownie+docenione+przez+ekspert%C3%B3w&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbpnt.bialystok.pl%2FPL%2Faktualnosci%2Fdojrzalosc-z-certyfikatem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bpnt.bialystok.pl/PL/spolecznosc-bpn-t/Firmy/instytut-technik-innowacyjnych-emag">"Instytut Technik Innowacyjnych EMAG"</a>. bpnt.bialystok.pl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402230555/https://bpnt.bialystok.pl/PL/spolecznosc-bpn-t/Firmy/instytut-technik-innowacyjnych-emag">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-02. Retrieved 2023-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bpnt.bialystok.pl&rft.atitle=Instytut+Technik+Innowacyjnych+EMAG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbpnt.bialystok.pl%2FPL%2Fspolecznosc-bpn-t%2FFirmy%2Finstytut-technik-innowacyjnych-emag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŻmijewska2023" class="citation web cs1">Żmijewska, Monika (2023-03-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bialystok.wyborcza.pl/bialystok/7,35241,29537181,bialostocka-firma-inspeerity-w-pierwszej-setce-najbardziej-obiecujacych.html?disableRedirects=true">"Białostocka firma Inspeerity w pierwszej setce najbardziej obiecujących firm w Europie. W rankingu Financial Times jest też PhotoAiD"</a> [Bialystok Company Inspeerity is Among the Top 100 Most Promising Companies in Europe. PhotoAiD Is Also in the Financial Times Ranking]. Gazeta Wyborcza. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325233527/https://bialystok.wyborcza.pl/bialystok/7,35241,29537181,bialostocka-firma-inspeerity-w-pierwszej-setce-najbardziej-obiecujacych.html?disableRedirects=true">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gazeta+Wyborcza&rft.atitle=Bia%C5%82ostocka+firma+Inspeerity+w+pierwszej+setce+najbardziej+obiecuj%C4%85cych+firm+w+Europie.+W+rankingu+Financial+Times+jest+te%C5%BC+PhotoAiD&rft.date=2023-03-07&rft.aulast=%C5%BBmijewska&rft.aufirst=Monika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbialystok.wyborcza.pl%2Fbialystok%2F7%2C35241%2C29537181%2Cbialostocka-firma-inspeerity-w-pierwszej-setce-najbardziej-obiecujacych.html%3FdisableRedirects%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bip.bialystok.pl/resource/46839/45298/Program+rewitalizacji+miasta+Bia%25C5%2582egostoku+na+lata+2017-2023.pdf">"UCHWAŁA NR XXXIV/559/17 RADY MIASTA BIAŁYSTOK z dnia 24 kwietnia 2017 r. w sprawie Programu rewitalizacji miasta Białegostoku na lata 2017-2023"</a> (PDF) (in Polish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UCHWA%C5%81A+NR+XXXIV%2F559%2F17+RADY+MIASTA+BIA%C5%81YSTOK+z+dnia+24+kwietnia+2017+r.+w+sprawie+Programu+rewitalizacji+miasta+Bia%C5%82egostoku+na+lata+2017-2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbip.bialystok.pl%2Fresource%2F46839%2F45298%2FProgram%2Brewitalizacji%2Bmiasta%2BBia%2525C5%252582egostoku%2Bna%2Blata%2B2017-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystok2016.eu/">"Białystok 2016"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100311192741/http://bialystok2016.eu/">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-03-11. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok2016.eu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BTL-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTL_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTL_161-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTL_161-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515013656/http://www.btl.bialystok.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3&Itemid=18&lang=en">"Białystok Puppet Theater"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btl.bialystok.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3&Itemid=18&lang=en">the original</a> on 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+Puppet+Theater&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btl.bialystok.pl%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D3%26Itemid%3D18%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071208075431/http://miasta.gazeta.pl/bialystok/1%2C35233%2C4645451.html">"Z sesji miejskiej. PiS przegrał z Węgierką"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miasta.gazeta.pl/bialystok/1,35233,4645451.html">the original</a> on 2007-12-08. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Z+sesji+miejskiej.+PiS+przegra%C5%82+z+W%C4%99gierk%C4%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmiasta.gazeta.pl%2Fbialystok%2F1%2C35233%2C4645451.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204141646/http://www.oifp.eu/en/institution-en.html">"Official Website of The Podlaskie Opera and Philharmonic"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oifp.eu/en/institution-en.html">the original</a> on 2015-02-04. Retrieved 2015-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Website+of+The+Podlaskie+Opera+and+Philharmonic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oifp.eu%2Fen%2Finstitution-en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-museumpodlaskie-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-museumpodlaskie_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-museumpodlaskie_164-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-museumpodlaskie_164-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-museumpodlaskie_164-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muzeum.bialystok.pl/">"Oficjalna strona Muzeum Podlaskiego"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110406053024/http://www.muzeum.bialystok.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-04-06. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oficjalna+strona+Muzeum+Podlaskiego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muzeum.bialystok.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mwb.com.pl/">"Muzeum Wojska w Białymstoku"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100911105313/http://mwb.com.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-09-11. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muzeum+Wojska+w+Bia%C5%82ymstoku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mwb.com.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988">[ ] </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/harrowing-artefacts-of-those-exiled-to-siberia-go-on-show-at-ambitious-new-museum-in-bialystok-24776">"Harrowing artefacts of those exiled to Siberia, including a child's 'dead teddy bear', go on show at new museum in Białystok"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918092319/https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/harrowing-artefacts-of-those-exiled-to-siberia-go-on-show-at-ambitious-new-museum-in-bialystok-24776">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harrowing+artefacts+of+those+exiled+to+Siberia%2C+including+a+child%27s+%27dead+teddy+bear%27%2C+go+on+show+at+new+museum+in+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefirstnews.com%2Farticle%2Fharrowing-artefacts-of-those-exiled-to-siberia-go-on-show-at-ambitious-new-museum-in-bialystok-24776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umb.edu.pl/muzeum">"Muzeum Historii Medycyny i Farmacji"</a>. Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku (in Polish). Retrieved 9 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uniwersytet+Medyczny+w+Bia%C5%82ymstoku&rft.atitle=Muzeum+Historii+Medycyny+i+Farmacji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.umb.edu.pl%2Fmuzeum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322024640/http://en.um.bialystok.pl/651-parki-skwery-i-zielence/default.aspx">"Białystok portal miejski. Parki, skwery i zieleńce"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.um.bialystok.pl/651-parki-skwery-i-zielence/default.aspx">the original</a> on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2011-08-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+portal+miejski.+Parki%2C+skwery+i+ziele%C5%84ce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.um.bialystok.pl%2F651-parki-skwery-i-zielence%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988">[ .] </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716141555/http://palac.amb.edu.pl/node/125">"Podlaski Wersal Branickich"</a>. palac.amb.edu.pl (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palac.amb.edu.pl/node/125">the original</a> on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2009-11-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=palac.amb.edu.pl&rft.atitle=Podlaski+Wersal+Branickich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalac.amb.edu.pl%2Fnode%2F125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504144542/http://www.bialystok.pl/202-tereny-zielone/default.aspx">"Widok zespołu parkowo – pałacowego z "lotu ptaka""</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystok.pl/202-tereny-zielone/default.aspx">the original</a> on 2011-05-04. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Widok+zespo%C5%82u+parkowo+%E2%80%93+pa%C5%82acowego+z+%22lotu+ptaka%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.pl%2F202-tereny-zielone%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110817194919/http://www.bialystok.pl/819-park-branickich/default.aspx">"Zielony Białystok – Ogród Branickich"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystok.pl/819-park-branickich/default.aspx">the original</a> on 2011-08-17. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zielony+Bia%C5%82ystok+%E2%80%93+Ogr%C3%B3d+Branickich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.pl%2F819-park-branickich%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204005926/http://www.nid.pl/UserFiles/File/Rejestr%20Zabytk%C3%B3w/rejestr%20zabytk%C3%B3w%20-%20stan%20na%2031%20grudnia%202010/PDL-rej.pdf">"Rejestr zabytków województwa podlaskiego"</a> (PDF) (in Polish). 2011-03-25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nid.pl/UserFiles/File/Rejestr%20Zabytk%C3%B3w/rejestr%20zabytk%C3%B3w%20-%20stan%20na%2031%20grudnia%202010/PDL-rej.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2012-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rejestr+zabytk%C3%B3w+wojew%C3%B3dztwa+podlaskiego&rft.date=2011-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nid.pl%2FUserFiles%2FFile%2FRejestr%2520Zabytk%25C3%25B3w%2Frejestr%2520zabytk%25C3%25B3w%2520-%2520stan%2520na%252031%2520grudnia%25202010%2FPDL-rej.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poranny.pl/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060819/BIALYSTOK/60818030&SearchID=73291739577153">"Akcja Planty, czyli jak za dawnych lat"</a> (in Polish). 18 August 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008064948/http://www.poranny.pl/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060819/BIALYSTOK/60818030&SearchID=73291739577153">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-10-08. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akcja+Planty%2C+czyli+jak+za+dawnych+lat&rft.date=2006-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poranny.pl%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20060819%2FBIALYSTOK%2F60818030%26SearchID%3D73291739577153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rising-174"><a href="#cite_ref-rising_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816231334/http://www.bialystok.pl/1108-bialystok-2006-2010/default.aspx">"Białystok 2006–2010"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialystok.pl/1108-bialystok-2006-2010/default.aspx">the original</a> on 2011-08-16. Retrieved 2011-05-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+2006%E2%80%932010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.pl%2F1108-bialystok-2006-2010%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/buza-boza">"Buza / boza"</a>. Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 9 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministerstwo+Rolnictwa+i+Rozwoju+Wsi+-+Portal+Gov.pl&rft.atitle=Buza+%2F+boza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.pl%2Fweb%2Frolnictwo%2Fbuza-boza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jagiellonia.pl/">"Jagiellonia Białystok"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205051349/http://www.jagiellonia.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jagiellonia+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagiellonia.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722202006/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/matches/season%3D2011/round%3D2000126/match%3D2002779/index.html">"Results of UEFA Europa League match"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/matches/season=2011/round=2000126/match=2002779/index.html">the original</a> on 2010-07-22. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+of+UEFA+Europa+League+match&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uefa.com%2Fuefaeuropaleague%2Fmatches%2Fseason%3D2011%2Fround%3D2000126%2Fmatch%3D2002779%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615163308/http://www.jagiellonia.pl/aktualnosci.php?a=7570">"Press release on new stadium"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jagiellonia.pl/aktualnosci.php?a=7570">the original</a> on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+release+on+new+stadium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagiellonia.pl%2Faktualnosci.php%3Fa%3D7570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.futsalekstraklasa.pl/">"Oficjalny Serwis Futsal Ekstraklasa"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221229183925/https://www.futsalekstraklasa.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oficjalny+Serwis+Futsal+Ekstraklasa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.futsalekstraklasa.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEliza_Bilewicz-Roszkowska2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eliza Bilewicz-Roszkowska (16 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bialystok.pl/pl/wiadomosci/aktualnosci/lekkoatleci-druzynowymi-mistrzami-polski.html">"Lekkoatleci Drużynowymi Mistrzami Polski"</a>. Białystok - Oficjalny Portal Miasta (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221229184148/https://www.bialystok.pl/pl/wiadomosci/aktualnosci/lekkoatleci-druzynowymi-mistrzami-polski.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+-+Oficjalny+Portal+Miasta&rft.atitle=Lekkoatleci+Dru%C5%BCynowymi+Mistrzami+Polski&rft.date=2022-09-16&rft.au=Eliza+Bilewicz-Roszkowska&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bialystok.pl%2Fpl%2Fwiadomosci%2Faktualnosci%2Flekkoatleci-druzynowymi-mistrzami-polski.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lowlanders-181"><a href="#cite_ref-lowlanders_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lowlanders.pl/">"Białystok Lowlanders"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011100626/http://www.lowlanders.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+Lowlanders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowlanders.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hetman.bialystok.pl/">"Bialostocki Klub Sportowy HETMAN - Strona Oficjalna"</a>. Hetman.bialystok.pl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101017122548/http://www.hetman.bialystok.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hetman.bialystok.pl&rft.atitle=Bialostocki+Klub+Sportowy+HETMAN+-+Strona+Oficjalna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hetman.bialystok.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zubry.pl/">"PKK Żubry Białystok"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221229183918/https://www.zubry.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PKK+%C5%BBubry+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zubry.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kswlokniarz.pl/">"Klub Sportowy Włókniarz Białystok"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221229183918/http://kswlokniarz.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klub+Sportowy+W%C5%82%C3%B3kniarz+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkswlokniarz.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zkdp.pl-185">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zkdp.pl_185-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zkdp.pl_185-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zkdp.pl/">"February 2010, published by Związek Kontroli Dystrybucji Prasy (The Board of Press Distribution Control)"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110426030802/http://www.zkdp.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=February+2010%2C+published+by+Zwi%C4%85zek+Kontroli+Dystrybucji+Prasy+%28The+Board+of+Press+Distribution+Control%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zkdp.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wspolczesna.pl/">"Gazeta Współczesna"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430000246/http://www.wspolczesna.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gazeta+Wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czesna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wspolczesna.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poranny.pl/">"Kurier Poranny"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110423064434/http://www.poranny.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurier+Poranny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poranny.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011014518/http://www.katowice.mostostal.zabrze.pl/wysokosciowe.html">""Mostostal Zabrze" ZMP "KATOWICE" Sp.z o.o. — Obiekty wysokościowe"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katowice.mostostal.zabrze.pl/wysokosciowe.html">the original</a> on 2012-10-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Mostostal+Zabrze%22+ZMP+%22KATOWICE%22+Sp.z+o.o.+%E2%80%94+Obiekty+wysoko%C5%9Bciowe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.katowice.mostostal.zabrze.pl%2Fwysokosciowe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110923155423/http://www.radiosupel.org/">"Radiosupeł at the Medical University of Białystok"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radiosupel.org/">the original</a> on 2011-09-23. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radiosupe%C5%82+at+the+Medical+University+of+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradiosupel.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akadera.bialystok.pl/">"Radio Akadera at Białystok Technical University"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110413031026/http://www.akadera.bialystok.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-04-13. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radio+Akadera+at+Bia%C5%82ystok+Technical+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akadera.bialystok.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stat.gov.pl/spisy-powszechne/nsp-2021/nsp-2021-wyniki-ostateczne/tablice-z-ostatecznymi-danymi-w-zakresie-przynaleznosci-narodowo-etnicznej-jezyka-uzywanego-w-domu-oraz-przynaleznosci-do-wyznania-religijnego,10,1.html?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR09A3bD9fsbgYim9Xk19XYb3dVO8noT0NCKM6mIzX9iAdTNom3cNrrqaYk_aem_ASg_YSNm_J14IA6y8IV6X2EBi_XLI53kO7kcuLJJKxtW2c4a0pFOqaC2r_qFITjibSLVMPPMe0X7Iyi5_FSadL8x">"2022 Tablice z ostatecznymi danymi w zakresie przynależności narodowo-etnicznej, języka używanego w domu oraz przynależności do wyznania religijnego"</a>. <a href="/wiki/G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_Urz%C4%85d_Statystyczny" class="mw-redirect" title="Główny Urząd Statystyczny">Główny Urząd Statystyczny</a>. Retrieved May 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G%C5%82%C3%B3wny+Urz%C4%85d+Statystyczny&rft.atitle=2022+Tablice+z+ostatecznymi+danymi+w+zakresie+przynale%C5%BCno%C5%9Bci+narodowo-etnicznej%2C+j%C4%99zyka+u%C5%BCywanego+w+domu+oraz+przynale%C5%BCno%C5%9Bci+do+wyznania+religijnego&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstat.gov.pl%2Fspisy-powszechne%2Fnsp-2021%2Fnsp-2021-wyniki-ostateczne%2Ftablice-z-ostatecznymi-danymi-w-zakresie-przynaleznosci-narodowo-etnicznej-jezyka-uzywanego-w-domu-oraz-przynaleznosci-do-wyznania-religijnego%2C10%2C1.html%3Ffbclid%3DIwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR09A3bD9fsbgYim9Xk19XYb3dVO8noT0NCKM6mIzX9iAdTNom3cNrrqaYk_aem_ASg_YSNm_J14IA6y8IV6X2EBi_XLI53kO7kcuLJJKxtW2c4a0pFOqaC2r_qFITjibSLVMPPMe0X7Iyi5_FSadL8x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruber2002" class="citation book cs1">Gruber, Ruth Ellen (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ULYXVHAtNeoC&pg=PA96">Virtually Jewish: Reinventing Jewish Culture in Europe</a>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-21363-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-21363-7"><bdi>0-520-21363-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Virtually+Jewish%3A+Reinventing+Jewish+Culture+in+Europe&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-520-21363-7&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=Ruth+Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DULYXVHAtNeoC%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeierstein2005" class="citation book cs1">Feierstein, Daniel (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ywZG1TwqHwoC&pg=PA226">"The Jewish Resistance Movements in the Ghettos of Eastern Europe"</a>. In Sterling, Eric J. (ed.). Life in the Ghettos During the Holocaust. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8156-0803-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8156-0803-9"><bdi>0-8156-0803-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+Resistance+Movements+in+the+Ghettos+of+Eastern+Europe&rft.btitle=Life+in+the+Ghettos+During+the+Holocaust&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8156-0803-9&rft.aulast=Feierstein&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DywZG1TwqHwoC%26pg%3DPA226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autonazwa3-194"><a href="#cite_ref-autonazwa3_194-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archibial.pl/">"Archidiecezja Białostocka"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425143328/http://archibial.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-04-25. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archidiecezja+Bia%C5%82ostocka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archibial.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-orthodox.bialystok.pl-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-orthodox.bialystok.pl_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-orthodox.bialystok.pl_195-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124131703/http://orthodox.bialystok.pl/en">"Polish Orthodox Diocese of Białystok-Gdańsk"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthodox.bialystok.pl/en/">the original</a> on 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polish+Orthodox+Diocese+of+Bia%C5%82ystok-Gda%C5%84sk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forthodox.bialystok.pl%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dobranowina.org/">"w Kościele Zielonoświątkowym "Dobra Nowina" ul. Kraszewskiego 37"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629162219/http://dobranowina.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=w+Ko%C5%9Bciele+Zielono%C5%9Bwi%C4%85tkowym+%22Dobra+Nowina%22+ul.+Kraszewskiego+37&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dobranowina.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islam-bialystok.dzs.pl/">"Białystok Islamic Centre"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130215042338/http://www.islam-bialystok.dzs.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-03-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+Islamic+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islam-bialystok.dzs.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faustyna.pl/zmbm/en/in-poland-shrines-of-divine-mercy/">"The Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530145806/https://www.faustyna.pl/zmbm/en/in-poland-shrines-of-divine-mercy/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-30. Retrieved 2019-05-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Congregation+of+the+Sisters+of+Our+Lady+of+Mercy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faustyna.pl%2Fzmbm%2Fen%2Fin-poland-shrines-of-divine-mercy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wspolczesna.pl/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20131008/REGION/131009806">"Via Baltica: Los drogi niepewny. Nie ma gwarancji finansowania"</a> (in Polish). Gazeta Wspolczesna. 2013-10-13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231143351/http://www.wspolczesna.pl/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20131008/REGION/131009806">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-12-31. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Via+Baltica%3A+Los+drogi+niepewny.+Nie+ma+gwarancji+finansowania&rft.pub=Gazeta+Wspolczesna&rft.date=2013-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wspolczesna.pl%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20131008%2FREGION%2F131009806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-feasibility_EU-200"><a href="#cite_ref-feasibility_EU_200-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/railbaltica/concl_en.PDF">"Feasibility study on Rail Baltica railways"</a> (PDF). Eu.europa.eu. January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113040231/http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/railbaltica/concl_en.PDF">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2012-01-13. Retrieved 2011-04-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eu.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Feasibility+study+on+Rail+Baltica+railways&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fregional_policy%2Fsources%2Fdocgener%2Fevaluation%2Frailbaltica%2Fconcl_en.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patrycja_Piórkowska_p._110-201">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Patrycja_Piórkowska_p._110_201-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patrycja_Piórkowska_p._110_201-1">b</a> Patrycja Piórkowska. Komunikacja miejska jako element systemu transportowego miasta Białystok – wyniki badań, p. 110 </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intercity.pl/">"PKP Intercity"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206094830/http://www.intercity.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PKP+Intercity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intercity.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.przewozyregionalne.pl/">"Przewozy Regionalne"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160111011215/http://www.przewozyregionalne.pl/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 2010-01-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Przewozy+Regionalne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.przewozyregionalne.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTRANSPORT/Resources/336291-1119275973157/td-ut5.pdf">"Transport No.UT-5, page 3"</a> (PDF). World Bank. April 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180159/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTRANSPORT/Resources/336291-1119275973157/td-ut5.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transport+No.UT-5%2C+page+3&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft.date=1996-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteresources.worldbank.org%2FINTTRANSPORT%2FResources%2F336291-1119275973157%2Ftd-ut5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> Patrycja Piórkowska. Komunikacja miejska jako element systemu transportowego miasta Białystok – wyniki badań, p. 106 </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.powiatbialostocki.pl/pl/drogi-powiatowe.html">"Drogi powiatowe"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301045053/http://www.powiatbialostocki.pl/pl/drogi-powiatowe.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2020-03-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drogi+powiatowe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.powiatbialostocki.pl%2Fpl%2Fdrogi-powiatowe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/teryt/jednostka">"Local Data Bank"</a>. Statistics Poland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422210113/https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/teryt/jednostka">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Data+Bank&rft.pub=Statistics+Poland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdl.stat.gov.pl%2FBDL%2Fdane%2Fteryt%2Fjednostka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> Data for territorial unit 2061000. </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130620022945/http://www.lotnisko-saniki.pl/">"Białystok-Saniki Airport"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lotnisko-saniki.pl/">the original</a> on June 20, 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok-Saniki+Airport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flotnisko-saniki.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-biaman-210">^ <a href="#cite_ref-biaman_210-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biaman_210-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biaman_210-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSztachelska-Kokoczka2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sztachelska-Kokoczka, Alina (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pbc.biaman.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=2479&from=latest">"Magnackie dobra Jana Klemensa Branickiego"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003132810/http://pbc.biaman.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=2479&from=latest">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magnackie+dobra+Jana+Klemensa+Branickiego&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Sztachelska-Kokoczka&rft.aufirst=Alina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpbc.biaman.pl%2Fdlibra%2Fdocmetadata%3Fid%3D2479%26from%3Dlatest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> Act of Sejm of the Republic of Poland on June 19, 1997 (in Polish) </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130424151531/http://pb.bialystok.pl/en/InfoUniversity/Bialystok-University-of-Technology%2C544.html">"Białystok Technical University History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pb.bialystok.pl/en/InfoUniversity/Bialystok-University-of-Technology,544.html">the original</a> on 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+Technical+University+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pb.bialystok.pl%2Fen%2FInfoUniversity%2FBialystok-University-of-Technology%2C544.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amb.edu.pl/o-uczelni">"Medical University of Białystok History"</a> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110422142604/http://amb.edu.pl/o-uczelni">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medical+University+of+Bia%C5%82ystok+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amb.edu.pl%2Fo-uczelni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110312052947/http://chopin.man.bialystok.pl/index.php/o-uczelni">"Musical Academy in Białystok"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chopin.man.bialystok.pl/index.php/o-uczelni">the original</a> on 2011-03-12. Retrieved 2011-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Musical+Academy+in+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchopin.man.bialystok.pl%2Findex.php%2Fo-uczelni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TPIB0-215"><a href="#cite_ref-TPIB0_215-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStachura2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Stachura" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter D. Stachura">Stachura, Peter D.</a> (2004). The Poles in Britain 1940–2000. Vol. 1358 (Paperback First ed.). London: Frank Cass. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-8444-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-8444-9"><bdi>0-7146-8444-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poles+in+Britain+1940%E2%80%932000&rft.place=London&rft.pages=45&rft.edition=Paperback+First&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7146-8444-9&rft.aulast=Stachura&rft.aufirst=Peter+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://szlak.uwb.edu.pl/sites.html">"Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok"</a> (in Polish). July 25, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191229153645/http://szlak.uwb.edu.pl/sites.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-29. Retrieved 2009-07-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+Heritage+Trail+in+Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.date=2009-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fszlak.uwb.edu.pl%2Fsites.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoraud1993" class="citation journal cs1">Horaud, F (December 1993). "Albert B. Sabin and the development of oral poliovaccine". Biologicals. 21 (4): 311–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fbiol.1993.1089">10.1006/biol.1993.1089</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8024745">8024745</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologicals&rft.atitle=Albert+B.+Sabin+and+the+development+of+oral+poliovaccine&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=311-6&rft.date=1993-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fbiol.1993.1089&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8024745&rft.aulast=Horaud&rft.aufirst=F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716132131/http://www.starshub.com/izabella_scorupco.htm">"Profile/Biography of Izabella Scorupco"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starshub.com/izabella_scorupco.htm">the original</a> on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-01-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile%2FBiography+of+Izabella+Scorupco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.starshub.com%2Fizabella_scorupco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth1991" class="citation book cs1">North, P. (1991). Max Weber: the cubist decade, 1910–1920. Atlanta: High Museum of Art.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Max+Weber%3A+the+cubist+decade%2C+1910%E2%80%931920&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.pub=High+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABia%C5%82ystok" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <ul><li>Pronunciation: <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/biːˈælɪstɒk/</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/biːˈɑːlɪstɔːk, ˈbjɑː-, bjɑːˈwɪstɔːk/</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Polish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[bjaˈwɨstɔk]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/22\/Pl-Bia%C5%82ystok.ogg\/Pl-Bia%C5%82ystok.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-Bia\u0142ystok.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/Pl-Bia%C5%82ystok.ogg/Pl-Bia%C5%82ystok.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-Bia%C5%82ystok.ogg" title="File:Pl-Białystok.ogg">ⓘ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: Baltstogė, Balstogė</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>: Беласток, <a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN_romanization_of_Belarusian" title="BGN/PCGN romanization of Belarusian">BGN/PCGN romanization</a>: Byelastok, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin alphabet</a>: Biełastok</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Білосток, transcription: Bilostok <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Ukrainian: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">[bʲiɫɔˈstɔk]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/63\/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.wav\/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-\u0411\u0456\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q8798_(ukr)-Tohaomg-%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.wav" title="File:LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-Білосток.wav">ⓘ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>: ביאַליסטאָק‎, transcription: Byalistok, Bjalistok</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Белосток, transcription: Belostok</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: Bialostoc</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> The mentioned roads don't pass through the city </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Łukasz Kaźmierczak, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opoka.org.pl/biblioteka/P/PS/trzy_procento.html?no_header=1&no=1">Trzy procent odmienności</a> (Three percent of different) – article describing results of Polish census 2002 and minorities in Poland, citing census data (in Polish)</li> <li>Janusz Żarnowski, "Społeczeństwo Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej 1918–1939", Warszawa 1973 (in Polish)</li> <li>Eugeniusz Mironowicz, "Białoruś", Trio, Warszawa, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-85660-82-8" title="Special:BookSources/83-85660-82-8">83-85660-82-8</a> (in Polish)</li> <li>Yvette Walczak, "Let Her Go!", Naomi Roth Publishing, London, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9537585-2-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9537585-2-4">978-0-9537585-2-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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Polish)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitbialystok.com/">VisitBiałystok.com</a> (in Polish, English, and Russian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130222155606/http://www.bialystok.pl/site.php?lng=en">Białystok's official website</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived February 22, 2013) (in English and Polish)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.komunikacja.bialystok.pl/">Official Site Białystok City Transport</a> (in Polish)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/transit">Google Transit in Białystok </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishgen.org/Communities/community.php?usbgn=-493500">Białystok, Poland</a> at <a href="/wiki/JewishGen" title="JewishGen">JewishGen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bloodandfrogs.com/compendium/poland/podlaskie/bialystok">Białystok</a> at the B&F Compendium of Jewish Genealogy</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Białystok" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Template:Białystok"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Template talk:Białystok"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Białystok"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Białystok" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Białystok</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Districts of Białystok">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Centrum,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Centrum, Białystok">Centrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ostoczek_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Białostoczek (Białystok)">Białostoczek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Sienkiewicza,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Sienkiewicza, Białystok">Sienkiewicza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bojary,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Bojary, Białystok">Bojary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Piaski,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Piaski, Białystok">Piaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Przydworcowe,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Przydworcowe, Białystok">Przydworcowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_M%C5%82odych,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Młodych, Białystok">Młodych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Antoniuk,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Antoniuk, Białystok">Antoniuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Jarosz%C3%B3wka,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Jaroszówka, Białystok">Jaroszówka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Wygoda,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Wygoda, Białystok">Wygoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Piasta_I,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Piasta I, Białystok">Piasta I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Piasta_II,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Piasta II, Białystok">Piasta II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Skorupy,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Skorupy, Białystok">Skorupy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Mickiewicza,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Mickiewicza, Białystok">Mickiewicza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dojlidy,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dojlidy, Białystok">Dojlidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bema,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Bema, Białystok">Bema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Kawaleryjskie,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Kawaleryjskie, Białystok">Kawaleryjskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Nowe_Miasto,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Nowe Miasto, Białystok">Nowe Miasto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Zielone_Wzg%C3%B3rza,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Zielone Wzgórza, Białystok">Zielone Wzgórza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Starosielce,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Starosielce, Białystok">Starosielce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_S%C5%82oneczny_Stok,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Słoneczny Stok, Białystok">Słoneczny Stok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Le%C5%9Bna_Dolina,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Leśna Dolina, Białystok">Leśna Dolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Wysoki_Stoczek,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Wysoki Stoczek, Białystok">Wysoki Stoczek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dziesi%C4%99ciny_I,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dziesięciny I, Białystok">Dziesięciny I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dziesi%C4%99ciny_II,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dziesięciny II, Białystok">Dziesięciny II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bacieczki,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Bacieczki, Białystok">Bacieczki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Zawady,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Zawady, Białystok">Zawady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Dojlidy_G%C3%B3rne,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Dojlidy Górne, Białystok">Dojlidy Górne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiedle_Bagn%C3%B3wka,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Osiedle Bagnówka, Białystok">Bagnówka</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.0em;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Białystok"><img alt="Flag of Białystok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg/60px-POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg/90px-POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg/120px-POL_Bia%C5%82ystok_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="938" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="History of Białystok">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Timeline of Białystok">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="History of the Jews in Białystok">Jewish community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Heritage_Trail_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok">Jewish Heritage Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto" title="Białystok Ghetto">Białystok Ghetto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto_uprising" title="Białystok Ghetto uprising">uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Bia%C5%82ystok_massacres" title="1941 Białystok massacres">1941 Białystok massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_pogrom" title="Białystok pogrom">Białystok pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlaska_Cavalry_Brigade" title="Podlaska Cavalry Brigade">Podlaska Cavalry Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinaida_Khvolesova_Jewish_Girls%27_High_School" title="Zinaida Khvolesova Jewish Girls' High School">Khvolesova Jewish Girls' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Horse_Artillery_Divizion_(Poland)" title="14th Horse Artillery Divizion (Poland)">14th Horse Artillery Divizion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Infantry_Regiment_(Poland)" title="42nd Infantry Regiment (Poland)">42nd Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Podlaski_Signal_Regiment_of_the_Internal_Defense_Forces" title="2nd Podlaski Signal Regiment of the Internal Defense Forces">2nd Signal Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlaskie-Masurian_Border_Protection_Forces_Brigade" title="Podlaskie-Masurian Border Protection Forces Brigade">Podlaskie-Masurian Border Protection Forces Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks and <a href="/wiki/Culture_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Culture in Białystok">culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Branicki_Palace,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Branicki Palace, Białystok">Branicki Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlaska_Opera_and_Orchestra" title="Podlaska Opera and Orchestra">Podlaska Opera and Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_W%C4%99gierki_Drama_Theatre,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Aleksandr Węgierki Drama Theatre, Białystok">Węgierki Drama Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Puppet_Theatre" title="Białystok Puppet Theatre">Puppet Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Municipal_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Białystok Municipal Stadium">City Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ludwik_Zamenhof_Centre" title="The Ludwik Zamenhof Centre">Ludwik Zamenhof Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_World_War_II_Orthodox_victims,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Monument to World War II Orthodox victims, Białystok">Monument to World War II Orthodox victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factory_of_Bia%C5%82ystok_Association_of_Manufacture" title="Factory of Białystok Association of Manufacture">Factory of Białystok Association of Manufacture</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Streets and squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Branickiego_Street,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Branickiego Street, Białystok">Branickiego Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kili%C5%84skiego_Street,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Kilińskiego Street, Białystok">Kilińskiego Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipowa_Street,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Lipowa Street, Białystok">Lipowa Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickiewicza_Street,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Mickiewicza Street, Białystok">Mickiewicza Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sienkiewicza_Street,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Sienkiewicza Street, Białystok">Sienkiewicza Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99toja%C5%84ska_Street,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Świętojańska Street, Białystok">Świętojańska Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Market_Square" title="Kościuszko Market Square">Kościuszko Market Square</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Museum_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Podlaskie Museum in Białystok">Podlaskie Museum in Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Museum_of_Folk_Culture" title="Podlaskie Museum of Folk Culture">Podlaskie Museum of Folk Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Museum_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Army Museum in Białystok">Army Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Cemetery,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Jewish Cemetery, Białystok">Bagnówka cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto_cemetery" title="Białystok Ghetto cemetery">Ghetto cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farny_Cemetery_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Farny Cemetery in Białystok">Farny Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Cemetery_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Military Cemetery in Białystok">Military Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Cemetery_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Municipal Cemetery in Białystok">Municipal Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_cemetery_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_(Jarosz%C3%B3wka)" title="Orthodox cemetery in Białystok (Jaroszówka)">Orthodox cemetery (Jaroszówka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_cemetery_in_Bia%C5%82ystok_(Le%C5%9Bna_Dolina)" title="Orthodox cemetery in Białystok (Leśna Dolina)">Orthodox cemetery (Leśna Dolina)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Politics of Białystok">Politics</a> and defense</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Politics of Białystok">Politics of Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Detention_Center" title="Białystok Detention Center">Białystok Detention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Prison" title="Białystok Prison">Białystok Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Coat of arms of Białystok">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Distinction_of_the_Mayor_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Honorary Distinction of the Mayor of Białystok">Honorary Distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlaski_Border_Guard_Regional_Unit" title="Podlaski Border Guard Regional Unit">Podlaski Border Guard Regional Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Podlaska_Territorial_Defence_Brigade" title="1st Podlaska Territorial Defence Brigade">1st Podlaska Territorial Defence Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Reconnaissance_Regiment_(Poland)" title="18th Reconnaissance Regiment (Poland)">18th Reconnaissance Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_names_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Street names in Białystok">Street names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Demographics of Białystok">Demographics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Religion in Białystok">religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Demographics of Białystok">Demographics of Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Religion in Białystok">Religion in Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="List of people from Białystok">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Białystok">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Białystok</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Churches" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Cathedral" title="Białystok Cathedral">Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Cathedral_of_St._Nicholas,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Orthodox Cathedral of St. Nicholas, Białystok">Orthodox Cathedral of St. Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Holy_Spirit_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Orthodox Church of the Holy Spirit in Białystok">Orthodox Church of the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Resurrection_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Orthodox Church of the Resurrection in Białystok">Orthodox Church of the Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_St._George_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Orthodox Church of St. George in Białystok">Orthodox Church of St. George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_St._John_the_Evangelist_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Orthodox Church of St. John the Evangelist in Białystok">Orthodox Church of St. John the Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_St._Euphrosyne_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Orthodox Church of St. Euphrosyne in Białystok">Orthodox Church of St. Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Divine_Wisdom_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Orthodox Church of the Divine Wisdom in Białystok">Orthodox Church of the Divine Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_St._Mary_Magdalene_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Orthodox Church of St. Mary Magdalene in Białystok">Orthodox Church of St. Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Roch%27s_Church,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="St. Roch's Church, Białystok">St. Roch's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Kazimierz_Church,_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="St. Kazimierz Church, Białystok">St. Kazimierz Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Jadwiga_Church_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="St. Jadwiga Church in Białystok">St. Jadwiga Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sanctuary_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Divine Mercy Sanctuary (Białystok)">Divine Mercy Sanctuary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Synagogues" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Synagogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorszul_Synagogue_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Chorszul Synagogue (Białystok)">Chorszul Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytron_Synagogue" title="Cytron Synagogue">Cytron Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Great Synagogue (Białystok)">Great Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaskower_Synagoge" title="Piaskower Synagoge">Piaskower Synagoge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomer_Tamid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomer Tamid">Nomer Tamid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Education in Białystok">Education</a> and research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Education in Białystok">Education in Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VI_High_School_%E2%80%93_King_Sigismund_Augustus" title="VI High School – King Sigismund Augustus">VI High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bialystok_University_of_Technology" title="Bialystok University of Technology">Bialystok University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Medical University of Białystok">Medical University of Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="University of Białystok">University of Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Medical_School_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Higher Medical School of Białystok">Higher Medical School of Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Economics_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Academy of Economics in Białystok">Academy of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akademia_Podlaska_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Akademia Podlaska in Białystok">Akademia Podlaska in Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_European_Academy_of_Applied_Sciences_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="East European Academy of Applied Sciences in Białystok">East European Academy of Applied Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Economy of Białystok">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Economy of Białystok">Economy of Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_City_Market" title="Białystok City Market">Białystok City Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Power_Station" title="Białystok Power Station">Białystok Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dojlidy_Brewery" title="Dojlidy Brewery">Dojlidy Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polmos_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Polmos Białystok">Polmos Białystok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Media in Białystok">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gazeta_Wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czesna" title="Gazeta Współczesna">Gazeta Współczesna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurier_Poranny_(modern)" title="Kurier Poranny (modern)">Kurier Poranny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVP3_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="TVP3 Białystok">TVP3 Białystok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Healthcare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_Hospital_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Voivodeship Hospital in Białystok">Voivodeship Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Clinical_Hospital_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="University Clinical Hospital in Białystok">Clinical Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Children_Clinical_Hospital_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="University Children Clinical Hospital in Białystok">Children Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Hospital_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Municipal Hospital in Białystok">Municipal Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Transport in Białystok">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_bus_station" title="Białystok bus station">Białystok bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_railway_station" title="Białystok railway station">Białystok railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok-Krywlany_Airfield" title="Białystok-Krywlany Airfield">Krywlany Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressway_S8_(Poland)" title="Expressway S8 (Poland)">Expressway S8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_road_678_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voivodeship road 678 (Poland)">Voivodeship road 678</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Trams in Białystok">Trams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and green areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_3_May_Park_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Constitution of 3 May Park (Białystok)">Constitution of 3 May Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planty_Park_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Planty Park (Białystok)">Planty Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski_Park_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Józef Poniatowski Park in Białystok">Poniatowski Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwierzyniecki_Forest_(Bia%C5%82ystok)" title="Zwierzyniecki Forest (Białystok)">Zwierzyniecki Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dojlidy_Ponds" title="Dojlidy Ponds">Dojlidy Ponds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Sports in Białystok">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonia_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Jagiellonia Białystok">Jagiellonia Białystok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonia_Bia%C5%82ystok_II" title="Jagiellonia Białystok II">Jagiellonia II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetman_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Hetman Białystok">Hetman Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlasie_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Podlasie Białystok">Podlasie Białystok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Category:Białystok">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Poland" title="Portal:Poland">Portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Poland" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Poland">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_of_Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible show navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_of_Poland" title="Template:Cities of Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_of_Poland" title="Template talk:Cities of Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_of_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities of Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_of_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Poland#Cities" title="List of cities and towns in Poland">Cities of Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">750,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">250,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Częstochowa">Częstochowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom">Radom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosnowiec" title="Sosnowiec">Sosnowiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliwice" title="Gliwice">Gliwice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olsztyn" title="Olsztyn">Olsztyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabrze" title="Zabrze">Zabrze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a" title="Bielsko-Biała">Bielsko-Biała</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bytom" title="Bytom">Bytom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zielona_G%C3%B3ra" title="Zielona Góra">Zielona Góra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rybnik" title="Rybnik">Rybnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruda_%C5%9Al%C4%85ska" title="Ruda Śląska">Ruda Śląska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Opole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tychy" title="Tychy">Tychy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorz%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Gorzów Wielkopolski">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbląg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%85browa_G%C3%B3rnicza" title="Dąbrowa Górnicza">Dąbrowa Górnicza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%82ock" title="Płock">Płock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa%C5%82brzych" title="Wałbrzych">Wałbrzych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek" title="Włocławek">Włocławek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarn%C3%B3w" title="Tarnów">Tarnów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorz%C3%B3w" title="Chorzów">Chorzów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin" title="Koszalin">Koszalin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalisz" title="Kalisz">Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legnica" title="Legnica">Legnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grudzi%C4%85dz" title="Grudziądz">Grudziądz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaworzno" title="Jaworzno">Jaworzno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Słupsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jastrz%C4%99bie-Zdr%C3%B3j" title="Jastrzębie-Zdrój">Jastrzębie-Zdrój</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowy_S%C4%85cz" title="Nowy Sącz">Nowy Sącz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelenia_G%C3%B3ra" title="Jelenia Góra">Jelenia Góra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siedlce" title="Siedlce">Siedlce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mys%C5%82owice" title="Mysłowice">Mysłowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%82a" title="Piła">Piła</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konin" title="Konin">Konin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotrk%C3%B3w_Trybunalski" title="Piotrków Trybunalski">Piotrków Trybunalski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Ostrów Wielkopolski">Ostrów Wielkopolski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubin" title="Lubin">Lubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inowroc%C5%82aw" title="Inowrocław">Inowrocław</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki" title="Suwałki">Suwałki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargard" title="Stargard">Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gniezno" title="Gniezno">Gniezno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrowiec_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tokrzyski" title="Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski">Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemianowice_%C5%9Al%C4%85skie" title="Siemianowice Śląskie">Siemianowice Śląskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Głogów">Głogów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabianice" title="Pabianice">Pabianice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBory" title="Żory">Żory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruszk%C3%B3w" title="Pruszków">Pruszków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszno" title="Leszno">Leszno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zamość">Zamość</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Łomża">Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C5%82k" title="Ełk">Ełk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz%C3%B3w_Mazowiecki" title="Tomaszów Mazowiecki">Tomaszów Mazowiecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm">Chełm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mielec" title="Mielec">Mielec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tczew" title="Tczew">Tczew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%99dzierzyn-Ko%C5%BAle" title="Kędzierzyn-Koźle">Kędzierzyn-Koźle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Przemyśl">Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalowa_Wola" title="Stalowa Wola">Stalowa Wola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_Podlaska" title="Biała Podlaska">Biała Podlaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w" title="Bełchatów">Bełchatów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awidnica" title="Świdnica">Świdnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%99dzin" title="Będzin">Będzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zgierz" title="Zgierz">Zgierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piekary_%C5%9Al%C4%85skie" title="Piekary Śląskie">Piekary Śląskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racib%C3%B3rz" title="Racibórz">Racibórz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionowo" title="Legionowo">Legionowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka" title="Ostrołęka">Ostrołęka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">35,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99toch%C5%82owice" title="Świętochłowice">Świętochłowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wejherowo" title="Wejherowo">Wejherowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiercie" title="Zawiercie">Zawiercie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skierniewice" title="Skierniewice">Skierniewice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starachowice" title="Starachowice">Starachowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wodzis%C5%82aw_%C5%9Al%C4%85ski" title="Wodzisław Śląski">Wodzisław Śląski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogard_Gda%C5%84ski" title="Starogard Gdański">Starogard Gdański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%82awy" title="Puławy">Puławy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarnobrzeg" title="Tarnobrzeg">Tarnobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg">Kołobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krosno" title="Krosno">Krosno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radomsko" title="Radomsko">Radomsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otwock" title="Otwock">Otwock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skar%C5%BCysko-Kamienna" title="Skarżysko-Kamienna">Skarżysko-Kamienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciechan%C3%B3w" title="Ciechanów">Ciechanów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutno" title="Kutno">Kutno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieradz" title="Sieradz">Sieradz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdu%C5%84ska_Wola" title="Zduńska Wola">Zduńska Wola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BByrard%C3%B3w" title="Żyrardów">Żyrardów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82awiec" title="Bolesławiec">Bolesławiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowa_S%C3%B3l" title="Nowa Sól">Nowa Sól</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knur%C3%B3w" title="Knurów">Knurów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim" title="Oświęcim">Oświęcim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopot" title="Sopot">Sopot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The list includes the 107 urban municipalities governed by a <a href="/wiki/Mayor#Poland" title="Mayor">city mayor</a> (prezydent miasta) instead of a town mayor (burmistrz) · <a href="/wiki/City_with_powiat_rights" title="City with powiat rights">Cities with powiat rights</a> are in italics · Voivodeship cities are in bold</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Counties_of_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Template:Podlaskie Voivodeship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Template talk:Podlaskie Voivodeship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Podlaskie Voivodeship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Counties_of_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Powiat" title="Powiat">Counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Białystok</a> (capital)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Łomża">Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki" title="Suwałki">Suwałki</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_COA.svg/50px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_COA.svg/75px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_COA.svg/100px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="846" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August%C3%B3w_County" title="Augustów County">Augustów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_County" title="Białystok County">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielsk_County" title="Bielsk County">Bielsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grajewo_County" title="Grajewo County">Grajewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajn%C3%B3wka_County" title="Hajnówka County">Hajnówka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolno_County" title="Kolno County">Kolno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa_County" title="Łomża County">Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C5%84ki_County" title="Mońki County">Mońki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejny_County" title="Sejny County">Sejny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemiatycze_County" title="Siemiatycze County">Siemiatycze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sok%C3%B3%C5%82ka_County" title="Sokółka County">Sokółka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_County" title="Suwałki County">Suwałki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wysokie_Mazowieckie_County" title="Wysokie Mazowieckie County">Wysokie Mazowieckie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambr%C3%B3w_County" title="Zambrów County">Zambrów</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Białystok_County" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bia%C5%82ystok_County" title="Template:Białystok County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bia%C5%82ystok_County" title="Template talk:Białystok County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bia%C5%82ystok_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Białystok County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Białystok_County" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_County" title="Białystok County">Białystok County</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban-rural gminas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Choroszcz" title="Gmina Choroszcz">Gmina Choroszcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Czarna_Bia%C5%82ostocka" title="Gmina Czarna Białostocka">Gmina Czarna Białostocka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_%C5%81apy" title="Gmina Łapy">Gmina Łapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Micha%C5%82owo" title="Gmina Michałowo">Gmina Michałowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Supra%C5%9Bl" title="Gmina Supraśl">Gmina Supraśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Sura%C5%BC" title="Gmina Suraż">Gmina Suraż</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Tykocin" title="Gmina Tykocin">Gmina Tykocin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Wasilk%C3%B3w" title="Gmina Wasilków">Gmina Wasilków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Zab%C5%82ud%C3%B3w" title="Gmina Zabłudów">Gmina Zabłudów</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:POL_powiat_bia%C5%82ostocki_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/POL_powiat_bia%C5%82ostocki_COA.svg/50px-POL_powiat_bia%C5%82ostocki_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/POL_powiat_bia%C5%82ostocki_COA.svg/75px-POL_powiat_bia%C5%82ostocki_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/POL_powiat_bia%C5%82ostocki_COA.svg/100px-POL_powiat_bia%C5%82ostocki_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="897" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural gminas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Dobrzyniewo_Du%C5%BCe" title="Gmina Dobrzyniewo Duże">Gmina Dobrzyniewo Duże</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Gr%C3%B3dek" title="Gmina Gródek">Gmina Gródek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Juchnowiec_Ko%C5%9Bcielny" title="Gmina Juchnowiec Kościelny">Gmina Juchnowiec Kościelny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Po%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tne,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Gmina Poświętne, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Gmina Poświętne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Turo%C5%9B%C5%84_Ko%C5%9Bcielna" title="Gmina Turośń Kościelna">Gmina Turośń Kościelna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Zawady" title="Gmina Zawady">Gmina Zawady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat (not part of the county)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Białystok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjyHJ4mdYRdGPRxKTchF4y">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4088261-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81132523">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119609415">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119609415">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge189055&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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