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vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Forfar</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/North_West_Europe_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North West Europe Campaign">North West Europe Campaign</a><br />(Part of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>July – September 1943</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Northern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Operation Forfar</b> was the name given to a series of <a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">British Commando</a> raids on the French coast during World War II. The raids were part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cockade#Operation_Starkey" title="Operation Cockade">Operation Starkey</a>, a military deception intended to draw out the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>. The purpose of these raids was to identify German coastal units and to gain technical intelligence on German equipment, creating the impression of pre-invasion reconnaissance. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Forfar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1943 Allied high command put off the invasion of France until the following year, and by April had decided to focus on the Mediterranean. The newly appointed Chief of Staff to the <a href="/wiki/SHAEF" class="mw-redirect" title="SHAEF">Supreme Allied Command</a> (COSSAC), Major-General Frederick Morgan, was directed to conduct military deception operations against western Europe, in the hope that it would tie down enemy forces during the assault on the south of the continent. The directive included explicit reference to creating fictional amphibious assaults on the French coastline, in an effort to draw out the Luftwaffe.<sup id="cite_ref-Holt478_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holt478-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morgan and <a href="/wiki/John_Bevan_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Bevan (British Army officer)">John Bevan</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/London_Controlling_Section" title="London Controlling Section">London Controlling Section</a> (LCS), established a deception planning section of COSSAC called "Ops (B)", under Lieutenant-Colonel J. A. Jervis-Read. The section, alongside the LCS, began outlining a plan to meet the 1943 targets. On 3 June they submitted three operations (Starkey, Wadham and Tindall), under the overall name <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cockade" title="Operation Cockade">Cockade</a> to the Chiefs of Staff for approval.<sup id="cite_ref-Holt478_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holt478-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Starkey">Starkey</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Forfar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Starkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operation Starkey was a threatened invasion in the <a href="/wiki/Pas_de_Calais" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas de Calais">Pas de Calais</a> area of France in early September 1943, with the intention of drawing the Luftwaffe out to combat the threat, and into an air battle.<sup id="cite_ref-Holt478_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holt478-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as collecting up landing craft and other physical deception, the plan called for Commando raids on the French coast.<sup id="cite_ref-Holt486_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holt486-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each raiding party was made up of around ten men, drawn from <a href="/wiki/No._10_(Inter-Allied)_Commando" title="No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando">No. 10</a> and <a href="/wiki/No._12_Commando" title="No. 12 Commando">No. 12</a> Commando as well as the <a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">Special Boat Squadron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ladd69_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladd69-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The objective within the Starkey "story" was reconnaissance for the coming invasion. To that end the raiders left behind letters for the enemy to pick up.<sup id="cite_ref-Holt486_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holt486-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both Charles Cruickshank in his book <i>Deception in World War II</i> and Thaddeus Holt, in his book <i>The Deceivers</i> state that Forfar was planned as fourteen missions, between July and September 1943 – but that only eight were carried out (One, <b>Forfar Beer</b>, had to be aborted three times).<sup id="cite_ref-Cruickshank_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruickshank-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holt820_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holt820-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his history of 10 Commando Nick van der Bijl places the planned number at thirteen, with only 6 undertaken (one had to be aborted twice).<sup id="cite_ref-Bijl23_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bijl23-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Raids">Raids</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Forfar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Raids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Codename</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Force</th> <th>Target</th> <th>Objective</th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="valign:top;"> <td>Beer<sup id="cite_ref-Bijl23_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bijl23-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3–4 September<sup id="cite_ref-Ladd29_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladd29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/No._12_Commando" title="No. 12 Commando">No. 12 Commando</a><br />No. 1 French troop, <a href="/wiki/No._10_(Inter-Allied)_Commando" title="No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando">No. 10 Commando</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eletot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eletot">Eletot</a> </td> <td>Beach reconnaissance<sup id="cite_ref-atlas_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Aborted three times before a successful landing was achieved; first between 3–5 August and then on 1–2 September.<sup id="cite_ref-Cruickshank_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruickshank-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ladd29_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladd29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="valign:top;"> <td>Dog </td> <td style="text-align: center;">5–6 July<sup id="cite_ref-Ladd29_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladd29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/No._12_Commando" title="No. 12 Commando">No. 12 Commando</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Biville" title="Biville">Biville</a> </td> <td>Reconnaissance and <br />capture prisoners<sup id="cite_ref-atlas_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The Motor Torpedo Boat came under fire as the commandos were put ashore.<sup id="cite_ref-mess248_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mess248-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="valign:top;"> <td>Easy </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3–4 July<sup id="cite_ref-Ladd29_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladd29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/No._12_Commando" title="No. 12 Commando">No. 12 Commando</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Onival" class="mw-redirect" title="Onival">Onival</a> </td> <td>Reconnaissance and<br /> capture prisoners<sup id="cite_ref-atlas_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="valign:top;"> <td>How<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>July/August 1943 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quend" title="Quend">Quend</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="valign:top;"> <td>Item<sup id="cite_ref-Bijl23_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bijl23-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">2–3 September<sup id="cite_ref-Ladd29_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladd29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/No._12_Commando" title="No. 12 Commando">No. 12 Commando</a><br />No. 3 troop, <a href="/wiki/No._10_(Inter-Allied)_Commando" title="No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando">No. 10 Commando</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St_Valery_en_Caux" class="mw-redirect" title="St Valery en Caux">St Valery en Caux</a> </td> <td>Prisoner capture, examination of <a href="/wiki/Searchlight" title="Searchlight">searchlight</a> emplacement<sup id="cite_ref-atlas_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The raid was a partial success. The team was successfully parachuted in but their ship was swamped when leaving, with the loss of all equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-Bijl23_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bijl23-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="valign:top;"> <td>Love<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Courtney_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courtney-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3–4 August<sup id="cite_ref-Ladd29_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladd29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">Special Boat Section</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> </td> <td>Reconnaissance of pier/Prisoner Capture<sup id="cite_ref-atlas_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The team were forced to withdraw when picked up by searchlight.<sup id="cite_ref-Ladd270_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladd270-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Forfar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Holt478-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holt478_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holt478_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holt478_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFHolt2004">Holt 2004</a>, pp. 478–479)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holt486-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holt486_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holt486_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFHolt2004">Holt 2004</a>, pp. 486–487)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ladd69-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ladd69_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFLadd1983">Ladd 1983</a>, p. 69)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cruickshank-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cruickshank_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cruickshank_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFCruickshank1979">Cruickshank 1979</a>, pp. 61–84)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holt820-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holt820_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFHolt2004">Holt 2004</a>, p. 820)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bijl23-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bijl23_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bijl23_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bijl23_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bijl23_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFvan_der_Bijl2006">van der Bijl 2006</a>, pp. 22–24)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ladd29-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ladd29_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladd29_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladd29_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladd29_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladd29_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladd29_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFLadd1978">Ladd 1978</a>, p. 29)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atlas_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlas_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlas_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlas_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlas_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMessenger2004">Messenger 2004</a>, p. 15)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mess248-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mess248_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMessenger1985">Messenger 1985</a>, p. 248)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFAnderson2000">Anderson 2000</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Courtney-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Courtney_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFCourtney1983">Courtney 1983</a>, p. 103)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ladd270-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ladd270_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFLadd1978">Ladd 1978</a>, p. 270)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Forfar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLadd1978" class="citation book cs1">Ladd, James (1978). <i>Commandos and Rangers of World War II</i>. London: Macdonald and Jane's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0356084329" title="Special:BookSources/0356084329"><bdi>0356084329</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commandos+and+Rangers+of+World+War+II&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macdonald+and+Jane%27s&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0356084329&rft.aulast=Ladd&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Forfar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruickshank1979" class="citation book cs1">Cruickshank, Charles (1979). <i>Deception in World War II</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-215849-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-215849-X"><bdi>0-19-215849-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deception+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-19-215849-X&rft.aulast=Cruickshank&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Forfar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCourtney1983" class="citation book cs1">Courtney, G. B. (1983). <i>SBS in World War Two: the story of the original Special Boat Section of the Army Commandos</i>. Robert Hale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SBS+in+World+War+Two%3A+the+story+of+the+original+Special+Boat+Section+of+the+Army+Commandos&rft.pub=Robert+Hale&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Courtney%2C+G.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Forfar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadd1983" class="citation book cs1">Ladd, James D (1983). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sbsinvisibleraid0000ladd"><i>SBS, the invisible raiders: the history of the Special Boat Squadron from World War Two to the present</i></a></span>. University of Michigan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-458-96890-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-458-96890-0"><bdi>0-458-96890-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SBS%2C+the+invisible+raiders%3A+the+history+of+the+Special+Boat+Squadron+from+World+War+Two+to+the+present&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-458-96890-0&rft.au=Ladd%2C+James+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsbsinvisibleraid0000ladd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Forfar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMessenger1985" class="citation book cs1">Messenger, Charles (1985). <i>The Commandos: 1940–1946</i>. London: Kimber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0718305531" title="Special:BookSources/0718305531"><bdi>0718305531</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Commandos%3A+1940%E2%80%931946&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Kimber&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0718305531&rft.aulast=Messenger&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Forfar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2000" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Duncan (2000). <i>The Fall of the Reich: D-Day to the Fall of Berlin</i>. Zenith Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0760309221" title="Special:BookSources/0760309221"><bdi>0760309221</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+the+Reich%3A+D-Day+to+the+Fall+of+Berlin&rft.pub=Zenith+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0760309221&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Duncan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Forfar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt2004" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Thaddeus (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deceiversalliedm00holt"><i>The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War</i></a></span>. Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-5042-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-5042-7"><bdi>0-7432-5042-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deceivers%3A+Allied+Military+Deception+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7432-5042-7&rft.au=Holt%2C+Thaddeus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdeceiversalliedm00holt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Forfar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMessenger2004" class="citation book cs1">Messenger, Charles (2004). <i>The D Day Atlas</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Thames_%26_Hudson" title="Thames & Hudson">Thames & Hudson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0500251231" title="Special:BookSources/0500251231"><bdi>0500251231</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+D+Day+Atlas&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0500251231&rft.aulast=Messenger&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Forfar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Bijl2006" class="citation book cs1">van der Bijl, Nick (2006). <i>No. 10 Inter-Allied Commando 1942–45</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-999-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-999-1"><bdi>1-84176-999-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No.+10+Inter-Allied+Commando+1942%E2%80%9345&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-84176-999-1&rft.aulast=van+der+Bijl&rft.aufirst=Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Forfar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Forfar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paradata.org.uk/people/oswald-b-rooney">"Major Oswald B Rooney"</a>. Airborne Assault ParaData<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Oswald+B+Rooney&rft.pub=Airborne+Assault+ParaData&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paradata.org.uk%2Fpeople%2Foswald-b-rooney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Forfar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Allied_military_deception_in_World_War_II244" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Allied_Military_Deception_in_World_War_II" title="Template:Allied Military Deception in World War II"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Allied_Military_Deception_in_World_War_II" title="Template talk:Allied Military Deception in World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Allied_Military_Deception_in_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Allied Military Deception in World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Allied_military_deception_in_World_War_II244" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_deception#World_War_II" title="Military deception">military deception</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deception planning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Headquarters_%27A%27_Force" title="Advanced Headquarters 'A' Force">'A' Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Clarke" title="Dudley Clarke">Dudley Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Jones_(British_Army_officer)" title="Victor Jones (British Army officer)">Victor Jones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_Controlling_Section" title="London Controlling Section">London Controlling Section</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bevan_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Bevan (British Army officer)">John Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Wheatley" title="Dennis Wheatley">Dennis Wheatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wingate" title="Ronald Wingate">Ronald Wingate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ops_(B)" title="Ops (B)">Ops (B)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Wild" title="Noel Wild">Noel Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fleetwood-Hesketh" title="Roger Fleetwood-Hesketh">Roger Fleetwood-Hesketh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ops_(B)_staff" title="List of Ops (B) staff">List of Ops (B) staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D_Division_(Second_World_War)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D Division (Second World War) (page does not exist)">D Division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fleming_(writer)" title="Peter Fleming (writer)">Peter Fleming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_military_deception" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet military deception">Soviet military deception</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Camouflage#Second_World_War" title="Camouflage">Camouflage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Command_Camouflage_Directorate" title="Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate">Middle East Cmd Camouflage Directorate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Barkas" title="Geoffrey Barkas">Geoffrey Barkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Ayrton" title="Tony Ayrton">Tony Ayrton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_B._Cott" title="Hugh B. Cott">Hugh Cott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Proud" title="Peter Proud">Peter Proud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Sykes_(artist)" title="Steven Sykes (artist)">Steven Sykes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Army" title="Ghost Army">Ghost Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Dalton_Porter" title="Louis Dalton Porter">Louis Dalton Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Kelly" title="Ellsworth Kelly">Ellsworth Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Slepian" title="David Slepian">David Slepian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Blass" title="Bill Blass">Bill Blass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Kane" title="Art Kane">Art Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Vander_Sluis" title="George Vander Sluis">George Vander Sluis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Townsend" title="Ernest Townsend">Ernest Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Maskelyne" title="Jasper Maskelyne">Jasper Maskelyne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_camoufleurs#Second_World_War" title="List of camoufleurs">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/R_Force" title="R Force">R Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Strangeways" title="David Strangeways">David Strangeways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Beach_Jumpers" title="Beach Jumpers">Beach Jumpers</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decoys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paradummy" title="Paradummy">Paradummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starfish_site" title="Starfish site">Starfish site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Double-Cross_System" title="Double-Cross System">Double-Cross System</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Twenty Committee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/John_Cecil_Masterman" title="John Cecil Masterman">John Cecil Masterman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Double agents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Jebsen" title="Johnny Jebsen">Johnny Jebsen</a> (Artist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Pujol_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Juan Pujol García">Juan Pujol García</a> (Garbo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Czerniawski" title="Roman Czerniawski">Roman Czerniawski</a> (Brutus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Grosjean" title="Roger Grosjean">Roger Grosjean</a> (Fido)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="Günther Schütz">Günther Schütz</a> (Rainbow)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Owens" title="Arthur Owens">Arthur Owens</a> (Snow)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6sta_Caroli" title="Gösta Caroli">Gösta Caroli</a> (Summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulf_Schmidt" title="Wulf Schmidt">Wulf Schmidt</a> (Tate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Sergueiew" title="Nathalie Sergueiew">Nathalie Sergueiew</a> (Treasure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Dušan Popov">Dušan Popov</a> (Tricycle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Janowski" title="Werner von Janowski">Werner von Janowski</a> (Watchdog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Chapman" title="Eddie Chapman">Eddie Chapman</a> (Zig-Zag)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Jakobs" title="Josef Jakobs">Josef Jakobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutt_and_Jeff_(spies)" title="Mutt and Jeff (spies)">Mutt and Jeff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_deception_formations_in_World_War_II" title="List of Allied deception formations in World War II">Allied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_deception_formations_of_World_War_II" title="United States Army deception formations of World War II">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_deception_formations_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="British deception formations in World War II">British</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodyguard" title="Operation Bodyguard">Bodyguard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Copperhead" title="Operation Copperhead">Copperhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Day_naval_deceptions" title="D-Day naval deceptions">D-Day naval deceptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ferdinand" title="Operation Ferdinand">Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fortitude" title="Operation Fortitude">Fortitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Graffham" title="Operation Graffham">Graffham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ironside" title="Operation Ironside">Ironside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Titanic" title="Operation Titanic">Titanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Quicksilver_(deception_plan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Quicksilver (deception plan)">Quicksilver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Zeppelin_(deception_plan)" title="Operation Zeppelin (deception plan)">Zeppelin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Accumulator" title="Operation Accumulator">Accumulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barclay" title="Operation Barclay">Barclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bertram" title="Operation Bertram">Bertram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Boardman" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Boardman">Boardman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cascade" title="Operation Cascade">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chettyford" title="Operation Chettyford">Chettyford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cockade" title="Operation Cockade">Cockade</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Forfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hardboiled" title="Operation Hardboiled">Hardboiled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mincemeat" title="Operation Mincemeat">Mincemeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pastel" title="Operation Pastel">Pastel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Scherhorn" title="Operation Scherhorn">Scherhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Span" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Span">Span</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Waterfall" title="Operation Waterfall">Waterfall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bodyguard_of_Lies" title="Bodyguard of Lies">Bodyguard of Lies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Second_World_War#Intelligence" title="History of the Second World War"><i>British Intelligence in the Second World War</i> (Vol. 5)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Deceivers:_Allied_Military_Deception_in_the_Second_World_War" title="The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War">The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Commando_raids_of_the_Second_World_War179" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Commando_raids_of_the_Second_World_War" title="Template:British Commando raids of the Second World War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Commando_raids_of_the_Second_World_War" title="Template talk:British Commando raids of the Second World War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Commando_raids_of_the_Second_World_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Commando raids of the Second World War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Commando_raids_of_the_Second_World_War179" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Commando_operations_during_the_Second_World_War" title="British Commando operations during the Second World War">British Commando raids of the Second World War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Abstention" title="Operation Abstention"><i>Abstention</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Agreement" title="Operation Agreement"><i>Agreement</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ambassador" title="Operation Ambassador"><i>Ambassador</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Anklet_(Commando_raid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Anklet (Commando raid)"><i>Anklet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Archery" title="Operation Archery"><i>Archery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aquatint" title="Operation Aquatint"><i>Aquatint</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aflame" title="Operation Aflame"><i>Aflame</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Anglo" title="Operation Anglo"><i>Anglo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Amherst" title="Operation Amherst"><i>Amherst</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Archway" title="Operation Archway"><i>Archway</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Abercrombie" title="Operation Abercrombie"><i>Abercrombie</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Acid_Drop" title="Operation Acid Drop"><i>Acid Drop</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Albumen" title="Operation Albumen"><i>Albumen</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Astrakan" title="Operation Astrakan"><i>Astrakan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Baobab" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Baobab"><i>Baobab</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Basalt" title="Operation Basalt"><i>Basalt</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Biting" title="Operation Biting"><i>Biting</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bigamy" title="Operation Bigamy"><i>Bigamy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Batman" title="Operation Batman"><i>Batman</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Begonia" title="Operation Begonia"><i>Begonia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bulbasket" title="Operation Bulbasket"><i>Bulbasket</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Brandy" title="Operation Brandy"><i>Brandy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barricade" title="Operation Barricade"><i>Barricade</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardia_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bardia raid">Bardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_170" title="Battle of Hill 170">Hill 170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bristle" title="Operation Bristle"><i>Bristle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Branford" title="Operation Branford"><i>Branford</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Litani_River" title="Battle of the Litani River">Litani River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Candytuft" title="Operation Candytuft"><i>Candytuft</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chestnut" title="Operation Chestnut"><i>Chestnut</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claymore" title="Operation Claymore"><i>Claymore</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cold_Comfort" title="Operation Cold Comfort"><i>Cold Comfort</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Collar_(commando_raid)" title="Operation Collar (commando raid)"><i>Collar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Colossus" title="Operation Colossus"><i>Colossus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cartoon" title="Operation Cartoon"><i>Cartoon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid"><i>Chariot</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Canuck" title="Operation Canuck"><i>Canuck</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crackers" title="Operation Crackers"><i>Crackers</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chess" title="Operation Chess"><i>Chess</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Checkmate_(commando_raid)" title="Operation Checkmate (commando raid)"><i>Checkmate</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chopper_(commando_raid)" title="Operation Chopper (commando raid)"><i>Chopper</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Driftwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Driftwood"><i>Driftwood</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dryad" title="Operation Dryad"><i>Dryad</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Defoe" title="Operation Defoe"><i>Defoe</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dunhill" title="Operation Dunhill"><i>Dunhill</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deep_Cut" title="Operation Deep Cut"><i>Deep Cut</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Devon" title="Operation Devon"><i>Devon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Exporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Exporter"><i>Exporter</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flipper" title="Operation Flipper"><i>Flipper</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Frankton" title="Operation Frankton"><i>Frankton</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Freshman" title="Operation Freshman"><i>Freshman</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fahrenheit" title="Operation Fahrenheit"><i>Fahrenheit</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Forfar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Farrier" title="Operation Farrier"><i>Farrier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Foxrock" title="Operation Foxrock"><i>Foxrock</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gaff" title="Operation Gaff"><i>Gaff</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gauntlet" title="Operation Gauntlet"><i>Gauntlet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grouse_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Grouse (Norway)"><i>Grouse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gunnerside" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Gunnerside"><i>Gunnerside</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hardtack_(commando_raid)" title="Operation Hardtack (commando raid)"><i>Hardtack</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_Wallace_and_Hardy" title="Operations Wallace and Hardy"><i>Hardy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hawthorn" title="Operation Hawthorn"><i>Hawthorn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Houndsworth" title="Operation Houndsworth"><i>Houndsworth</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Huckaback" title="Operation Huckaback"><i>Huckaback</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Infatuate" title="Operation Infatuate"><i>Infatuate</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jaywick" title="Operation Jaywick"><i>Jaywick</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid"><i>Jubilee</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_J_V" title="Operation J V"><i>J V</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keystone" title="Operation Keystone"><i>Keystone</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kipling" title="Operation Kipling"><i>Kipling</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kitbag" title="Operation Kitbag"><i>Kitbag</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Loyton" title="Operation Loyton"><i>Loyton</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Maple_(Italy)" title="Operation Maple (Italy)"><i>Maple</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Manacle" title="Operation Manacle"><i>Manacle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Musketoon" title="Operation Musketoon"><i>Musketoon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Myrmidon" title="Operation Myrmidon"><i>Myrmidon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Narcissus" title="Operation Narcissus"><i>Narcissus</i></a></li> <li><i>Nelson</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Newton" title="Operation Newton"><i>Newton</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Nicety" title="Operation Nicety"><i>Nicety</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Noah_(commando_raid)" title="Operation Noah (commando raid)"><i>Noah</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Opossum" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Opossum"><i>Opossum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Postmaster" title="Operation Postmaster"><i>Postmaster</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Partridge" title="Operation Partridge"><i>Partridge</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pistol" title="Operation Pistol"><i>Pistol</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rimau" title="Operation Rimau"><i>Rimau</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Roast" title="Operation Roast"><i>Roast</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Roundabout" title="Operation Roundabout"><i>Roundabout</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rumford" title="Operation Rumford"><i>Rumford</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Saxifrage" title="Operation Saxifrage"><i>Saxifrage</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Savanna" title="Operation Savanna"><i>Savanna</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Sidi_Haneish_Airfield" title="Raid on Sidi Haneish Airfield">Sidi Haneish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sunstar" title="Operation Sunstar"><i>Sunstar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Speedwell" title="Operation Speedwell"><i>Speedwell</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tarbrush" title="Operation Tarbrush"><i>Tarbrush</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Thistledown" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Thistledown"><i>Thistledown</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tombola" title="Operation Tombola"><i>Tombola</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Pimples_raid" title="Twin Pimples raid">Twin Pimples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_Wallace_and_Hardy" title="Operations Wallace and Hardy"><i>Wallace</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">British Commandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commando_raids_on_the_Atlantic_Wall" title="List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall">List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Forfar&oldid=1273435494">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Forfar&oldid=1273435494</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1943" title="Category:Conflicts in 1943">Conflicts in 1943</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_British_Commando_raids" title="Category:World War II British Commando raids">World War II 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