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Fauzan</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Azhari Fauzan"> <meta name="keywords" content="Azhari Fauzan"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Azhari Fauzan"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 16</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Azhari Fauzan</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Concept and Implementation of Religious Tourism as a City Icon; Case Study: Golden Dome Mosque in Depok, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azhari%20Fauzan">Azhari Fauzan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dian Al Mahri Mosque or more known as Golden Dome Mosque is one of the biggest mosques in Southeast Asia which located in Depok, West Java Province, Indonesia. Instead of a place for praying, this beautiful Mosque is also becoming an icon of Depok for religious tourism destination. The purpose of this study is to understand the concept and objective of religious tourism, also how to be implemented as an icon of the city. As a qualitative method, the data was collected by direct interview with three of the most influential persons: K. H. Amirudin Said S. Q. MA as a Manager of the Mosque, K. H. Dr. Mohammad Idris, MA as a Major of Depok, and Mulyamto as a Head of Tourism Department of Depok. As a result, Golden Dome Mosque involves three integrated aspects (social, economic, and cultural) which can be implemented to evaluate their daily activities and services in order to define themselves as a religious tourism destination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20icon" title="city icon">city icon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=golden%20mosque" title=" golden mosque"> golden mosque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslim%20Indonesia" title=" Muslim Indonesia"> Muslim Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20tourism" title=" religious tourism"> religious tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74714/concept-and-implementation-of-religious-tourism-as-a-city-icon-case-study-golden-dome-mosque-in-depok-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Optimization of Waqf Land through Sukuk Al-Intifa’ to Build MSMEs in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadijah%20Hasim">Khadijah Hasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achmad%20Fauzan%20Firdaus"> Achmad Fauzan Firdaus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choirunnisa"> Choirunnisa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Waqf land which previously was idle assets can be built on top of a building that is a means for people to conduct business. Nadzir (waqf managers) lease of waqf lands it manages, the agreed rental fee, which is payable in the form of the building, not in cash. After standing building, the developer will lease to interested companies. Given the magnitude of the beginning funds needed, The company later issuing sukuk al-intifa on the trading floor. With this sukuk issuance, the company has sufficient capital to begin operations and pay obligations of the rental fee to the developer each year. Building that had stood trade area will be established (Micro, Small, Middle Entreprises) MSMEs. It is expected that through the sukuk al-intifa, can help to make waqf land previously unproductive due to lack of capital to be very beneficial and help awaken the people of Indonesian MSMEs <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukuk%20Al-Intifa" title="Sukuk Al-Intifa">Sukuk Al-Intifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSMEs" title=" MSMEs"> MSMEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waqf%20land" title=" waqf land"> waqf land</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underlying%20asset" title=" underlying asset"> underlying asset</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12977/optimization-of-waqf-land-through-sukuk-al-intifa-to-build-msmes-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Analysis of Pollution in Agriculture Land Using Decagon Em-50 and Rock Magnetism Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adinda%20Syifa%20Azhari">Adinda Syifa Azhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleonora%20Agustine"> Eleonora Agustine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dini%20Fitriani"> Dini Fitriani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This measurement has been done to analyze the impact of industrial pollution on the environment. Our research is to indicate the soil which has contained some pollution by industrial activity around the area, especially in Sumedang, West Java. The parameter phsyics such as total dissolved solid, volumetric water content, electrical conductivity bulk and FD have shown that the soil has polluted and measured by Decagon EM 50. Decagon EM 50 is one of the geophysical environment instrumentation that is used to interpret the soil condition. This experiment has given a result of these parameter physics, these are: Volumetric water content (m³/m³) = 0,154 – 0,384; Electrical Conductivity Bulk (dS/m) = 0,29 – 1,11 ; Dielectric Permittivity (DP) = 77,636 – 78, 339.Based on these data, we have got the conclusion that the area has, in fact, been contaminated by dangerous materials. VWC is parameter physics that has shown water in soil. The data show the pollution of the soil at the place, of which the specifications are PH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC) bigger (>>) and Frequency Dependent (FD) smaller (<<); that means the soil is alkali with big grain and has high salt concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Decagon%20EM%2050" title="Decagon EM 50">Decagon EM 50</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20conductivity" title=" electrical conductivity"> electrical conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20textiles" title=" industrial textiles"> industrial textiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land" title=" land"> land</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65115/analysis-of-pollution-in-agriculture-land-using-decagon-em-50-and-rock-magnetism-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Measurements of Environmental Pollution in Chemical Fertilizer Industrial Area Using Magnetic Susceptibility Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramadhani%20Yasyfi%20Cysela">Ramadhani Yasyfi Cysela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adinda%20Syifa%20Azhari"> Adinda Syifa Azhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleonora%20Agustine"> Eleonora Agustine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about a quarter of the diseases facing mankind today occur due to environmental pollution. The soil is a part of environment that have a widespread problem. The contaminated soil should no longer be used to grow food because the chemicals can leech into the food and harm people who eat it. The chemical fertilizer industry gives specific effect due to soil pollution. To determine ammonia and urea emissions from fertilizer industry, we can use physical characteristic of soil, which is magnetic susceptibility. Rock magnetism is used as a proxy indicator to determine changes in physical properties. Magnetic susceptibilities of samples in low and high frequency have been measured by Bartington MS2B magnetic susceptibility measurement device. The sample was taken from different area which located closer by pollution source and far from the pollution source. The susceptibility values of polluted samples in topsoil were quite low, with range from 187.1- 494.8 [x 10-8 m3 kg-1] when free polluted area’s sample has high values (1188.7- 2237.8 [x 10-8 m3 kg-1 ]). From this studies shows that susceptibility values in areas of the fertilizer industry are lower than the free polluted area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental" title="environmental">environmental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20susceptibility" title=" magnetic susceptibility"> magnetic susceptibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20magnetism" title=" rock magnetism"> rock magnetism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20pollution" title=" soil pollution"> soil pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65586/measurements-of-environmental-pollution-in-chemical-fertilizer-industrial-area-using-magnetic-susceptibility-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Analysis of Pollution Caused by the Animal Feed Industry and the Fertilizer Industry Using Rock Magnetic Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kharina%20Budiman">Kharina Budiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adinda%20Syifa%20Azhari"> Adinda Syifa Azhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleonora%20Agustine"> Eleonora Agustine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial activities get increase in this globalization era, one of the major impacts of industrial activities is a problem to the environment. This can happen because at the industrial production term will bring out pollutant in the shape of solid, liquid or gas. Normally this pollutant came from some dangerous materials for environment. However not every industry produces the same amount of pollutant, every industry produces different kind of pollution. To compare the pollution impact of industrial activities, soil sample has been taken around the animal feed industry and the fertilizer industry. This study applied the rock magnetic method and used Bartington MS2B to measured magnetic susceptibility (χ) as the physical parameter. This study tested soil samples using the value of susceptibility low frequency (χ lf) and Frequency Dependent (χ FD). Samples only taken in the soil surface with 0-5 cm depth and sampling interval was 20 cm. The animal feed factory has susceptibility low frequency (χ lf) = 111,9 – 325,7 and Frequency Dependent (χ FD) = 0,8 – 3,57 %. And the fertilizer factory has susceptibility low frequency (χ lf) = 187,1 – 494,8 and Frequency Dependent (χ FD) = 1,37 – 2,46 %. Based on the results, the highest value of susceptibility low frequency (χ lf) is the fertilizer factory, but the highest value of Frequency Dependent (FD) is the animal feed factory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial" title="industrial">industrial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20susceptibility" title=" magnetic susceptibility"> magnetic susceptibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CF%87lf" title=" χlf"> χlf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CF%87fd" title=" χfd"> χfd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20feed%20industry%20and%20fertilizer%20industry" title=" animal feed industry and fertilizer industry"> animal feed industry and fertilizer industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65665/analysis-of-pollution-caused-by-the-animal-feed-industry-and-the-fertilizer-industry-using-rock-magnetic-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> The Influence of Social Media to Trends Design at Restaurant in Urban Area of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suparwoko">Suparwoko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hardyan%20Prastyanto"> M. Hardyan Prastyanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisah%20Azhari%20Marwangi"> Aisah Azhari Marwangi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, we face with some paradoxical tendencies. In the field of culture, on the one hand, we are witnessing the emergence of ethnic and religious fervor that is becoming stronger, but on the other hand, we are also witnessing a new ideology that characterized the flow of transnationalism, globalism, and secularism. Through social media, the globalization movement is accommodated to spread all over the world. Globalization also requires the commercialization of many fields, including architecture. In the architecture of commercial buildings, the appeal of the building is an important aspect for the function of the building. That theory is the basis for research of this study. This study aimed to know the influence of social media on the changing trends in the design of restaurant in urban areas of Yogyakarta Province. This study is using observation (survey) method to restaurants in Yogyakarta and surrounding areas to collect data, then the assessment of data by using the theory of the social media Path and Instagram that provide trend information from interior and building facades of the restaurant. By using social media Path and Instagram based survey methods, it can be seen that the intensity of social media users who publish or promote restaurant that has been chosen. Generally, conventional character of the restaurant have changed into a material and visually conceptual restaurant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influence" title="influence">influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=changes" title=" changes"> changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture%20trend" title=" architecture trend"> architecture trend</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44389/the-influence-of-social-media-to-trends-design-at-restaurant-in-urban-area-of-yogyakarta-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Battery Control with Moving Average Algorithm to Smoothen the Intermittent Output Power of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plants in Off-Grid Configuration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Gillfran%20Samual">Muhammad Gillfran Samual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rinaldy%20Dalimi"> Rinaldy Dalimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fauzan%20Hanif%20Jufri"> Fauzan Hanif Jufri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20Sudiarto"> Budi Sudiarto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismi%20Rosyiana%20Fitri"> Ismi Rosyiana Fitri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar energy is increasingly recognized as an important future energy source due to its abundant availability and renewable nature. However, the intermittent nature of solar energy can cause fluctuations in the electricity produced, making it difficult to guarantee a stable and reliable electricity supply. One solution that can be implemented is to use batteries in a photovoltaic solar power plant system with a Moving Average control algorithm, which can help smooth and reduce fluctuations in solar power output power. The parameter that can be adjusted in the Moving Average algorithm is the window size or the arithmetic average width of the photovoltaic output power over time. This research evaluates the effect of a change of window size parameter in the Moving Average algorithm on the resulting smoothed photovoltaic output power and the technical effects on batteries, i.e., power and energy usage. Based on the evaluation, it is found that the increase of window size parameter will slow down the response of photovoltaic output power to changes in irradiation and increase the smoothing quality of the intermittent photovoltaic output power. In addition, increasing the window size will reduce the maximum power received on the load side, and the amount of energy used by the battery during the power smoothing process will increase, which, in turn, increases the required battery capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title="battery">battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermittent" title=" intermittent"> intermittent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20average" title=" moving average"> moving average</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20smoothing" title=" power smoothing"> power smoothing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186512/battery-control-with-moving-average-algorithm-to-smoothen-the-intermittent-output-power-of-photovoltaic-solar-power-plants-in-off-grid-configuration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Experimental Study and Evaluation of Farm Environmental Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things, Sudan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Eltom%20A.%20E.">Farid Eltom A. E.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Abdul-Halim"> Mustafa Abdul-Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdalla%20Markaz"> Abdalla Markaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Atta"> Sami Atta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Azhari"> Mohamed Azhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Rashed"> Ahmed Rashed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smart environment sensors integrated with ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) technology can provide a new concept in tracking, sensing, and monitoring objects in the environment. The aim of the study is to evaluate the farm environmental monitoring system based on (IoT) and to realize the automated management of agriculture and the implementation of precision production. Until now, irrigation monitoring operations in Sudan have been carried out using traditional methods, which is a very costly and unreliable mechanism. However, by utilizing soil moisture sensors, irrigation can be conducted only when needed without fear of plant water stress. The result showed that software application allows farmers to display current and historical data on soil moisture and nutrients in the form of line charts. Design measurements of the soil factors: moisture, electrical, humidity, conductivity, temperature, pH, phosphorus, and potassium; these factors, together with a timestamp, are sent to the data server using the Lora WAN interface. It is considered scientifically agreed upon in the modern era that artificial intelligence works to arrange the necessary procedures to take care of the terrain, predict the quality and quantity of production through deep analysis of the various operations in agricultural fields, and also support monitoring of weather conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20environment" title="smart environment">smart environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20systems" title=" monitoring systems"> monitoring systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LoRa%20Gateway" title=" LoRa Gateway"> LoRa Gateway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=center%20pivot" title=" center pivot"> center pivot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182419/experimental-study-and-evaluation-of-farm-environmental-monitoring-system-based-on-the-internet-of-things-sudan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Cytotoxic Activity of Marine-derived Fungi Trichoderma Longibrachiatum Against PANC-1 Cell Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elin%20Julianti">Elin Julianti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marlia%20Singgih"> Marlia Singgih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masayoshi%20Arai"> Masayoshi Arai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianyu%20Lin"> Jianyu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masteria%20Yunovilsa%20Putra"> Masteria Yunovilsa Putra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Azhari"> Muhammad Azhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agnia%20S.%20Muharam"> Agnia S. Muharam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The search for a source of new medicinal compounds with anticancer activity from natural products has become important to resolve the ineffectiveness problem of pancreatic cancer therapy. Fungal marine microorganisms are prolific sources of bioactive natural products. In this present study, the ethyl acetate extract of cultured broth of Trichoderma longibrachiatum marine sponge-derived fungi exhibited selective cytotoxicity against human pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1 cells cultured under glucose-deficient conditions (IC50 = 98,4 µg/mL). The T. longibrachiatum was fermented by the static method at room temperature for 60 days. The culture broth was extracted using ethyl acetate by liquid-liquid extraction method. The liquid-liquid extraction was conducted toward the ethyl extract by using 90% MeOH-H₂O and n-|Hexane as a solvent. The extract of 90% MeOH-H₂O was fractionated by liquid extraction using by C₁₈ reversed-phase vacuum flash chromatography using mixtures of MeOH-H₂O, from 50:50 to 100:0, and 1% TFA MeOH as the eluents to yield six fractions. The fraction 2 (MeOH-H2O, 70:30) and fraction 3 (MeOH-H2O, 80:20) showed moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 119.3 and 274.7 µg/mL, respectively. Fraction 4 (MeOH-H₂O, 90:10) showed the highest cytotoxicity activity with IC₅₀value of < 10 µg/mL. The chemical compounds of the fractions that are responsible for cytotoxic activity are potent for further investigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxic%20activity" title="cytotoxic activity">cytotoxic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trichoderma%20longibrachiatum" title=" trichoderma longibrachiatum"> trichoderma longibrachiatum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine-derived%20fungi" title=" marine-derived fungi"> marine-derived fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PANC-1%20cell%20line" title=" PANC-1 cell line"> PANC-1 cell line</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145496/cytotoxic-activity-of-marine-derived-fungi-trichoderma-longibrachiatum-against-panc-1-cell-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> A Comparative Study Mechanical Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Materials Synthesized by Non-Conventional and Conventional Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Lahlali%20F.%20El%20Haouzi">H. Lahlali F. El Haouzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.M.Al-Baradi"> A.M.Al-Baradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20El%20Aboudi"> I. El Aboudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20El%20Azhari"> M. El Azhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mdarhri"> A. Mdarhri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a high performance thermoplastic polymer with exceptional physical and chemical properties, such as a high melting temperature, high thermal stability, and very good chemical resistance. Nevertheless, manufacturing PTFE is problematic due to its high melt viscosity (10 12 Pa.s). In practice, it is by now well established that this property presents a serious problem when the classical methods are used to synthesized the dense PTFE materials in particularly hot pressing, high temperature extrusion. In this framework, we use here a new process namely spark plasma sintering (SPS) to elaborate PTFE samples from the micro metric particles powder. It consists in applying simultaneous electric current and pressure directly on the sample powder. By controlling the processing parameters of this technique, a series of PTFE samples are easy obtained and associated to remarkably short time as is reported in an early work. Our central goal in the present study is to understand how the non conventional SPS affects the mechanical properties at room temperature. For this end, a second commercially series of PTFE synthesized by using the extrusion method is investigated. The first data according to the tensile mechanical properties are found to be superior for the first set samples (SPS). However, this trend is not observed for the results obtained from the compression testing. The observed macro-behaviors are correlated to some physical properties of the two series of samples such as their crystallinity or density. Upon a close examination of these properties, we believe the SPS technique can be seen as a promising way to elaborate the polymer having high molecular mass without compromising their mechanical properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTFE" title="PTFE">PTFE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrusion" title=" extrusion"> extrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spark%20Plasma%20Sintering" title=" Spark Plasma Sintering"> Spark Plasma Sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties" title=" physical properties"> physical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20behavior" title=" mechanical behavior"> mechanical behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19442/a-comparative-study-mechanical-properties-of-polytetrafluoroethylene-materials-synthesized-by-non-conventional-and-conventional-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Correlation Results Based on Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements by in-situ and Ex-Situ Measurements as Indicators of Environmental Changes Due to the Fertilizer Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurin%20Amalina%20Widityani">Nurin Amalina Widityani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adinda%20Syifa%20%20Azhari"> Adinda Syifa Azhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Twin%20Aji%20Kusumagiani"> Twin Aji Kusumagiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleonora%20%20Agustine"> Eleonora Agustine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fertilizer industry activities contribute to environmental changes. Changes to the environment became one of a few problems in this era of globalization. Parameters that can be seen as criteria to identify changes in the environment can be seen from the aspects of physics, chemistry, and biology. One aspect that can be assessed quickly and efficiently to describe environmental change is the aspect of physics, one of which is the value of magnetic susceptibility (χ). The rock magnetism method can be used as a proxy indicator of environmental changes, seen from the value of magnetic susceptibility. The rock magnetism method is based on magnetic susceptibility studies to measure and classify the degree of pollutant elements that cause changes in the environment. This research was conducted in the area around the fertilizer plant, with five coring points on each track, each coring point a depth of 15 cm. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed by in-situ and ex-situ. In-situ measurements were carried out directly by using the SM30 tool by putting the tools on the soil surface at each measurement point and by that obtaining the value of the magnetic susceptibility. Meanwhile, ex-situ measurements are performed in the laboratory by using the Bartington MS2B tool’s susceptibility, which is done on a coring sample which is taken every 5 cm. In-situ measurement shows results that the value of magnetic susceptibility at the surface varies, with the lowest score on the second and fifth points with the -0.81 value and the highest value at the third point, with the score of 0,345. Ex-situ measurements can find out the variations of magnetic susceptibility values at each depth point of coring. At a depth of 0-5 cm, the value of the highest XLF = 494.8 (x10-8m³/kg) is at the third point, while the value of the lowest XLF = 187.1 (x10-8m³/kg) at first. At a depth of 6-10 cm, the highest value of the XLF was at the second point, which was 832.7 (x10-8m³/kg) while the lowest XLF is at the first point, at 211 (x10-8m³/kg). At a depth of 11-15 cm, the XLF’s highest value = 857.7 (x10-8m³/kg) is at the second point, whereas the value of the lowest XLF = 83.3 (x10-8m³/kg) is at the fifth point. Based on the in situ and exsit measurements, it can be seen that the highest magnetic susceptibility values from the surface samples are at the third point. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20susceptibility" title="magnetic susceptibility">magnetic susceptibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizer%20plant" title=" fertilizer plant"> fertilizer plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bartington%20MS2B" title=" Bartington MS2B"> Bartington MS2B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SM30" title=" SM30"> SM30</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65609/correlation-results-based-on-magnetic-susceptibility-measurements-by-in-situ-and-ex-situ-measurements-as-indicators-of-environmental-changes-due-to-the-fertilizer-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Volcanoscape Space Configuration Zoning Based on Disaster Mitigation by Utilizing GIS Platform in Mt. Krakatau Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vega%20Erdiana%20Dwi%20Fransiska">Vega Erdiana Dwi Fransiska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abyan%20Rai%20Fauzan%20Machmudin"> Abyan Rai Fauzan Machmudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Particularly, space configuration zoning is the very first juncture of a complete space configuration and region planning. Zoning is aimed to define discrete knowledge based on a local wisdom. Ancient predecessor scientifically study the sign of natural disaster towards ethnography approach by operating this knowledge. There are three main functions of space zoning, which are control function, guidance function, and additional function. The control function refers to an instrument for development control and as one of the essentials in controlling land use. Hence, the guidance function indicates as guidance for proposing operational planning and technical development or land usage. Any additional function is useful as a supplementary for region or province planning details. This phase likewise accredits to define boundary in an open space based on geographical appearance. Informant who is categorized as an elder lives in earthquake prone area, to be precise the area is the surrounding of Mount Krakatau. The collected data is one of method for analyzed with thematic model. Later on, it will be verified. In space zoning, long-range distance sensor is applied to determine visualization of the area, which will be zoned before the step of survey to validate the data. The data, which is obtained from long-range distance sensor and site survey, will be overlaid using GIS Platform. Comparing the knowledge based on a local wisdom that is well known by elderly in that area, some of it is relevant to the research, while the others are not. Based on the site survey, the interpretation of a long-range distance sensor, and determining space zoning by considering various aspects resulted in the pattern map of space zoning. This map can be integrated with disaster mitigation affected by volcano eruption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly" title="elderly">elderly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS%20platform" title=" GIS platform"> GIS platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20wisdom" title=" local wisdom"> local wisdom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20zoning" title=" space zoning"> space zoning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41085/volcanoscape-space-configuration-zoning-based-on-disaster-mitigation-by-utilizing-gis-platform-in-mt-krakatau-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Urban Retrofitting Application Based on Social-Media to Model the Malioboro Smart Central Business Design through Statistical Regression Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hardyan%20Prastyanto">Muhammad Hardyan Prastyanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisah%20Azhari%20Marwangi"> Aisah Azhari Marwangi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulinda%20Rizky%20Pratiwi"> Yulinda Rizky Pratiwi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization has become a driving force for the current technological developments. The presence of the Virtual Space provides opportunities for people to self-actualization through access to a wider world, quickly and easily. Cities that are part of the existence of life, witness the history of civilization over time, also has been the major object to upgrading on technological sector. A smart city is one where the government and citizenry are using the best available means, including ICT, to achieve their shared goals. This often includes economic development, environmental sustainability, and improved quality of life for citizens. Thus theory is the basis for research of this study. This study aimed to know the implementation of the Urban Retrofitting at Malioboro area based on Information and Communication Technologies. The method of this study is by reviewing the effectiveness of the E-commerce uses as a major system to identification the Malioboro Smart Central Business District. By using a significance level of 5 %, it can be concluded that addresses have a significant influence on the ratings obtained, namely regarding the location of the hotel establishment. But despite the use of the website does not have a significant influence on the rating of the hotel, using the website still has influence significantly on the rating, because the p -value (Sig.) of the variable website is not so much different from the significance level determined by the researcher. In the interpretation, if a hotel is located on the Pasar Kembang streets and not to use the website, so the hotel is likely to have a rating of the constant value which is 3.183. However, if a hotel located on the Sosrowijayan streets, so the hotel rating will be increased by 0,302. Then if a hotel has been using a website, so the hotel rating will increase by 0,264. It is possible to conclude the effectiveness of ICT’s (Website) uses and location to identification the urban retrofitting through increasing of building rating in Malioboro Central Business District. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20retrofitting" title="urban retrofitting">urban retrofitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20and%20communication%20technology" title=" information and communication technology"> information and communication technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistic%20regression" title=" statistic regression"> statistic regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCBD" title=" SCBD"> SCBD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malioboro" title=" Malioboro"> Malioboro</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54327/urban-retrofitting-application-based-on-social-media-to-model-the-malioboro-smart-central-business-design-through-statistical-regression-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Kinematic Analysis of Human Gait for Typical Postures of Walking, Running and Cart Pulling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nupur%20Karmaker">Nupur Karmaker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasin%20Aupama%20Azhari"> Hasin Aupama Azhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Al%20Mortuza"> Abdul Al Mortuza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhijit%20Chanda"> Abhijit Chanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Golam%20Abu%20Zakaria"> Golam Abu Zakaria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The purpose of gait analysis is to determine the biomechanics of the joint, phases of gait cycle, graphical and analytical analysis of degree of rotation, analysis of the electrical activity of muscles and force exerted on the hip joint at different locomotion during walking, running and cart pulling. Methods and Materials: Visual gait analysis and electromyography method has been used to detect the degree of rotation of joints and electrical activity of muscles. In cinematography method an object is observed from different sides and takes its video. Cart pulling length has been divided into frames with respect to time by using video splitter software. Phases of gait cycle, degree of rotation of joints, EMG profile and force analysis during walking and running has been taken from different papers. Gait cycle and degree of rotation of joints during cart pulling has been prepared by using video camera, stop watch, video splitter software and Microsoft Excel. Results and Discussion: During the cart pulling the force exerted on hip is the resultant of various forces. The force on hip is the vector sum of the force Fg= mg, due the body of weight of the person and Fa= ma, due to the velocity. Maximum stance phase shows during cart pulling and minimum shows during running. During cart pulling shows maximum degree of rotation of hip joint, knee: running, and ankle: cart pulling. During walking, it has been observed minimum degree of rotation of hip, ankle: during running. During cart pulling, dynamic force depends on the walking velocity, body weight and load weight. Conclusions: 80% people suffer gait related disease with increasing their age. Proper care should take during cart pulling. It will be better to establish the gait laboratory to determine the gait related diseases. If the way of cart pulling is changed i.e the design of cart pulling machine, load bearing system is changed then it would possible to reduce the risk of limb loss, flat foot syndrome and varicose vein in lower limb. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematic" title="kinematic">kinematic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gait" title=" gait"> gait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gait%20lab" title=" gait lab"> gait lab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase" title=" phase"> phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20analysis" title=" force analysis"> force analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42668/kinematic-analysis-of-human-gait-for-typical-postures-of-walking-running-and-cart-pulling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">576</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Contemporary of the Institutional Transformation Policy in Indonesia's Islamic Higher Education Institutions: Reconsidering the Quality and Future Direction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fauzanah%20Fauzan%20El%20Muhammady">Fauzanah Fauzan El Muhammady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the recent years, the Indonesian government has made tremendous efforts to improve the quality of Indonesia’s Islamic Higher Education Institutions (IHEIs) through the implementation of the institutional transformation policy. This policy has encouraged some IHEIs, such as Islamic Collages and Islamic Institutes to shift their institution from college to Institute or from Institute to university. As one of the requirements, the IHEIs should provide non-religious curriculum and integrate it with the religious curriculum (as the core curriculum of IHEIs). As results, since the 2000s, some Islamic Collages and Islamic Institutes have successfully developed the non-religious curriculum and achieved institutional transformation. However, after 15 years, the impact of the institutional transformation to the IHEIs is still debatable. The institutional transformation policy can be questioned as to whether the goal of status transformation has truly brought significant improvement to the quality of IHEIs. Therefore, based on the situation above, this study aims to explore how far the institutional transformation has effectively brought significant impact to the quality improvement of IHEIs. This study has used literature review method to investigate the current development of the institutional transformation in Indonesia’s IHEIs context. This is a part of literature review development to support the process of doctoral research. Based on the literature review, some studies found that the institutional transformation has led pro and cons to the academic community, society, and local government. Some agreed the institutional transformation has effectively facilitated non-religious curriculum development and it has significantly improved the number of prospective students and the student admitted at Islamic Universities. Meanwhile, others argue the development of non-religious curriculum will gradually eliminate the existence of the religious curriculum itself. On the other hand, the government suggests that the institutional transformation should be based on the quality standards. As a result, recently, the government has taken an initiative to restrict the institutional transformation (moratorium) in order to ensure the quality control of the institutional transformation application and to control the increasing number of the institutional transformation demands. This study provided the current issues that related to the contemporary of the institutional transformation in IHEIs context to disclosure how far both IHEIs and government overcome the quality issues of the institutional transformation development. The study results are expected can be used to advocate government, policymakers, and academic leaders in 1) reviewing the sustainability impact of the institutional transformation to the quality improvement of higher education institutions; 2) and finding effective solutions for the continuity of the institutional transformation in the future, particularly in the IHEIs context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title="curriculum">curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20transformation" title=" institutional transformation"> institutional transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89292/the-contemporary-of-the-institutional-transformation-policy-in-indonesias-islamic-higher-education-institutions-reconsidering-the-quality-and-future-direction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> The Brain’s Attenuation Coefficient as a Potential Estimator of Temperature Elevation during Intracranial High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Procedures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Dahis">Daniel Dahis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haim%20Azhari"> Haim Azhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Noninvasive image-guided intracranial treatments using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are on the course of translation into clinical applications. They include, among others, tumor ablation, hyperthermia, and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) penetration. Since many of these procedures are associated with local temperature elevation, thermal monitoring is essential. MRI constitutes an imaging method with high spatial resolution and thermal mapping capacity. It is the currently leading modality for temperature guidance, commonly under the name MRgHIFU (magnetic-resonance guided HIFU). Nevertheless, MRI is a very expensive non-portable modality which jeopardizes its accessibility. Ultrasonic thermal monitoring, on the other hand, could provide a modular, cost-effective alternative with higher temporal resolution and accessibility. In order to assess the feasibility of ultrasonic brain thermal monitoring, this study investigated the usage of brain tissue attenuation coefficient (AC) temporal changes as potential estimators of thermal changes. Newton's law of cooling describes a temporal exponential decay behavior for the temperature of a heated object immersed in a relatively cold surrounding. Similarly, in the case of cerebral HIFU treatments, the temperature in the region of interest, i.e., focal zone, is suggested to follow the same law. Thus, it was hypothesized that the AC of the irradiated tissue may follow a temporal exponential behavior during cool down regime. Three ex-vivo bovine brain tissue specimens were inserted into plastic containers along with four thermocouple probes in each sample. The containers were placed inside a specially built ultrasonic tomograph and scanned at room temperature. The corresponding pixel-averaged AC was acquired for each specimen and used as a reference. Subsequently, the containers were placed in a beaker containing hot water and gradually heated to about 45ᵒC. They were then repeatedly rescanned during cool down using ultrasonic through-transmission raster trajectory until reaching about 30ᵒC. From the obtained images, the normalized AC and its temporal derivative as a function of temperature and time were registered. The results have demonstrated high correlation (R² > 0.92) between both the brain AC and its temporal derivative to temperature. This indicates the validity of the hypothesis and the possibility of obtaining brain tissue temperature estimation from the temporal AC thermal changes. It is important to note that each brain yielded different AC values and slopes. This implies that a calibration step is required for each specimen. Thus, for a practical acoustic monitoring of the brain, two steps are suggested. The first step consists of simply measuring the AC at normal body temperature. The second step entails measuring the AC after small temperature elevation. In face of the urging need for a more accessible thermal monitoring technique for brain treatments, the proposed methodology enables a cost-effective high temporal resolution acoustical temperature estimation during HIFU treatments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuation%20coefficient" title="attenuation coefficient">attenuation coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain" title=" brain"> brain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIFU" title=" HIFU"> HIFU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image-guidance" title=" image-guidance"> image-guidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98141/the-brains-attenuation-coefficient-as-a-potential-estimator-of-temperature-elevation-during-intracranial-high-intensity-focused-ultrasound-procedures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET 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