CINXE.COM

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US"> <head profile="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title> 2012 December :: Peter Frase</title> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.4.5" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/themes/blueprint/css/custom.css" type="text/css" media="screen, projection"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/themes/blueprint/css/screen.css" type="text/css" media="screen, projection"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/themes/blueprint/css/blueprint-wp.css" type="text/css" media="screen, projection"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/themes/blueprint/css/print.css" type="text/css" media="print">    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/themes/blueprint/js/functions.js"></script>   <style type="text/css"> /* .container { background: url(http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/themes/blueprint/css/lib/img/grid.png); }*/ </style> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Peter Frase RSS Feed" href="http://www.peterfrase.com/feed/" /> <link rel="pingback" href="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/xmlrpc.php" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.peterfrase.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//secure.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"http:\/\/www.peterfrase.com\/wordpress\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.4.5"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff","\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200b\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.4.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css' type='text/css'> .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.4.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.8.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='twttr_stylesheet-css' href='http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/twitter-plugin/css/style.css?ver=6.4.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='md-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-pagenavi-css' href='http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/wp-pagenavi/pagenavi-css.css?ver=2.70' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-syntax-css-css' href='http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/wp-syntax/css/wp-syntax.css?ver=1.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_css-css' href='http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/css/jetpack.css?ver=13.1.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="http://www.peterfrase.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.4.5" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <style data-context="foundation-flickity-css">/*! Flickity v2.0.2 http://flickity.metafizzy.co ---------------------------------------------- */.flickity-enabled{position:relative}.flickity-enabled:focus{outline:0}.flickity-viewport{overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:100%}.flickity-slider{position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%}.flickity-enabled.is-draggable{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;tap-highlight-color:transparent;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.flickity-enabled.is-draggable .flickity-viewport{cursor:move;cursor:-webkit-grab;cursor:grab}.flickity-enabled.is-draggable .flickity-viewport.is-pointer-down{cursor:-webkit-grabbing;cursor:grabbing}.flickity-prev-next-button{position:absolute;top:50%;width:44px;height:44px;border:none;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.75);cursor:pointer;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%)}.flickity-prev-next-button:hover{background:#fff}.flickity-prev-next-button:focus{outline:0;box-shadow:0 0 0 5px #09f}.flickity-prev-next-button:active{opacity:.6}.flickity-prev-next-button.previous{left:10px}.flickity-prev-next-button.next{right:10px}.flickity-rtl .flickity-prev-next-button.previous{left:auto;right:10px}.flickity-rtl .flickity-prev-next-button.next{right:auto;left:10px}.flickity-prev-next-button:disabled{opacity:.3;cursor:auto}.flickity-prev-next-button svg{position:absolute;left:20%;top:20%;width:60%;height:60%}.flickity-prev-next-button .arrow{fill:#333}.flickity-page-dots{position:absolute;width:100%;bottom:-25px;padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;text-align:center;line-height:1}.flickity-rtl .flickity-page-dots{direction:rtl}.flickity-page-dots .dot{display:inline-block;width:10px;height:10px;margin:0 8px;background:#333;border-radius:50%;opacity:.25;cursor:pointer}.flickity-page-dots .dot.is-selected{opacity:1}</style><style data-context="foundation-slideout-css">.slideout-menu{position:fixed;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;right:auto;z-index:0;width:256px;overflow-y:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;display:none}.slideout-menu.pushit-right{left:auto;right:0}.slideout-panel{position:relative;z-index:1;will-change:transform}.slideout-open,.slideout-open .slideout-panel,.slideout-open body{overflow:hidden}.slideout-open .slideout-menu{display:block}.pushit{display:none}</style>  <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="December 2012 – Peter Frase" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Peter Frase" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/cropped-Frase-hammock.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />  <link rel="icon" href="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/cropped-Frase-hammock-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/cropped-Frase-hammock-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/cropped-Frase-hammock-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="http://www.peterfrase.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/cropped-Frase-hammock-270x270.png" /> <style>.ios7.web-app-mode.has-fixed header{ background-color: rgba(3,122,221,.88);}</style> </head> <body> <div class="container">  <div class="column span-12 first" id="header">  <div id="search"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="http://www.peterfrase.com/"> <div> <input type="text" name="s" id="s" value="Search" onFocus="clearInput('s', 'Search')" onBlur="clearInput('s', 'Search')" /> </div> </form> </div>  <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/" class="logo"></a> <h1>Peter Frase</h1>  <div class="description"></div> </div>   <div class="column span-12 first large" id="nav"> <div class="content"> <ul> <li class="current_page_item first"> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-262"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/">Home</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-258"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/about/">About</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-8098"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/talking/">Talking</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2232"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/writing/">Writing</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-276"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/research/">Research</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-6 current_page_parent"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/blog/">Blog</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-11"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/contact/">Contact</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div id="page"> <div class="column span-9 first" id="maincontent"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="pagetitle">Archive for December, 2012</h2> <div class="navigation"> <div class="alignleft"></div> <div class="alignright"></div> </div> <div class="post" id="post-2429"> <h2><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/12/occupy-beyond-occupy/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Occupy Beyond Occupy">Occupy Beyond Occupy</a></h2> <p class="small"> December 28th, 2012  |   Published in <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/politics/" rel="category tag">Politics</a> </p> <div class="entry"> <p><a href="http://jacobinmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/occupy_mn.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="http://jacobinmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/occupy_mn-300x225.jpg" alt="Occupying a foreclosed home in St. Paul, MN" width="300" height="225" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-5774" /></a></p> <p>As everyone knows by now, *Jacobin* [issue 9](http://jacobinmag.com/issue/modify-your-dissent/) is out (except for you print subscribers, sorry you lot). There's lots of great stuff there to dig into.</p> <p>My lead editorial for this issue began its life as a blog post, and it was originally just going to be a quick response to the absurdly wrong-headed hit on Occupy that Tom Frank [wrote for the neo-*Baffler*](http://www.thebaffler.com/past/to_the_precinct_station). </p> <p>It sprawled, obviously, into a larger chunk of wannabe-Perry Anderson intellectual history. But what I was originally reacting to was an essay whose false conclusions derived from one specific misbegotten premise: that Occupy was obviously and decisively a failure, and a defeat.</p> <p>The encampments, from lower Manhattan to Oakland, are long gone. And hence, so is Occupy, from the vantage point of people who didn't really participate in or understand it. But the legacy of Occupy goes far beyond pitching tents in a few parks or public squares. The people who built those camps went on to build a successor politics that's ongoing, and both its successes and its failures are worth paying attention to. After hurricane Sandy, [Sarah Jaffe](http://jacobinmag.com/2012/11/power-to-the-people/) covered an iteration of this for *Jacobin*, when the afterglow of Occupy in New York City re-ignited as an impromptu relief organization that put mainstream relief agencies [to shame](http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2012/11/04/occupy_sandy_hurricane_relief_being_led_by_occupy_wall_street.html). </p> <p>But Occupy's afterlife extends far beyond New York. Anyone who read my [contribution to Jacobin 3-4](http://jacobinmag.com/2012/11/an-imagined-community/) knows that I feel a special connection to the politics of Minnesota. So I was delighted that my annual Christmas return to Minneapolis coincided with an action from [Occupy Homes](http://www.occupyhomesmn.org/), which is what the Minnesotan fraction of Occupy has evolved into.</p> <p>Occupy in Minnesota, as in many other places, begain with an occupation of public space. But in the upper Midwest, it was particularly pressing that activists find something else to expend their energy on that didn't involve camping outside through the long winter. As Occupy Homes activist Nick Espinosa explained to me, the focus on housing began when a foreclosure victim simply turned up at the camp and told her story. Since then, Occupy Homes has been involved in multiple foreclosure defenses, including one that resulted in (since-dismissed) [riot charges](http://www.fightbacknews.org/2012/6/30/occupy-homes-mn-protesters-charged-third-degree-riot-defending-cruz-home-foreclosure) against Espinosa and other activists.</p> <p>The most recent action, pictured above, was as simple and media-friendly as it was politically powerful. We helped to move a homeless family of three into a [vacant, foreclosed house](http://www.occupyhomesmn.org/homeforholidays) in St. Paul, just in time for Christmas. The woman shown speaking above is the previous owner of the house, who is in the process of losing it to US Bank. She gave her blessing and support to the activists from Occupy Homes and Neighborhoods Organizing for Change (an ACORN successor organization) as they reclaimed the place for Carrie, Xavier, and young Caleb, shown on the left.</p> <p>The activists are demanding that US Bank give the house to a community organization and take it as a tax write-off, so that it can be used to house people again instead of sitting empty. But even if the bank won't play ball, Espinosa told me that they should be able to keep the family from being evicted for at least a month, and quite possibly longer. And Occupy Homes has every intention of creating a publicity nightmare for the local authorities, if they decide to start evicting families on behalf of big banks. With luck, the action I took part in in St. Paul will be the first of many.</p> <p>Getting a personal look at what Occupy activists are doing in Minnesota reinforced my conviction that the hopeful note on which I ended my editorial was the right one: "The old may still be dying, but the new is already being born. Our task is to help it grow."</p> </div> </div>  <div class="post" id="post-2406"> <h2><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/12/new-issue-political-miscellany/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to New Issue, Political Miscellany">New Issue, Political Miscellany</a></h2> <p class="small"> December 20th, 2012  |   Published in <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/politics/" rel="category tag">Politics</a>, <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/shameless-self-promotion/" rel="category tag">Shameless self-promotion</a> </p> <div class="entry"> <p>The new issue of *Jacobin* will be out next week, just after Christmas, and it's full of great stuff. You should [subscribe](http://store.jacobinmag.com/) if you haven't already, or give someone else a [gift subscription](http://store.jacobinmag.com/) if you have. (You can place an order with the right shipping address, send an email to subscriptions@jacobinmag.com with your gift announcement, and we'll handle the rest.)</p> <p>This issue's [cover](http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=567880103238695) is inspired by my lead editorial, which is both an appreciation and a critique of the *Baffler*, the small magazine that strongly influenced me and others associated with *Jacobin* back in its 1990's heyday, and which was recently relaunched under new leadership. I'm sure people will enjoy the salacious catfight element of sniping at another publication, but I hope they also respond to my larger purpose, which is to explain why the *Baffler* was so important and appropriate to the time of its initial run, and why I think *Jacobin* is reacting to a qualitatively different historical moment.</p> <p>While you're waiting for the issue to appear, here are two things you should do. The first is to help defend University of Rhode Island professor and [Lawyers, Guns, & Money](http://www.lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com/) blogger Erik Loomis. As explained in [this statement at Crooked Timber](http://crookedtimber.org/2012/12/19/statement-on-erik-loomis/), Loomis is the victim of an absurd rightist smear campaign, all because he used Twitter to metaphorically demand NRA head Wayne LaPierre's "head on a stick" in the aftermath of the Newtown school shooting. I've had my [strong disagreements](http://jacobinmag.com/2011/09/the-conservative-leftist-and-the-radical-longshoreman/) with Loomis, but this is a moment to pull together in solidarity. As an untenured professor, Loomis's job and career are at risk, and what's happening to him is a risk that all of us run when we air radical ideas in public. Read the statement for more, or just go right ahead and contact the following administrators at URI:</p> <p>- Dean Winnie Brownell: winnie@mail.uri.edu<br /> - Provost Donald DeHays: ddehayes@uri.edu<br /> - President David Dooley: davedooley@mail.uri.edu</p> <p>The second thing I would recommend for U.S. readers is to have a look at [this page](https://pol.moveon.org/fiscal-showdown-whip/index.html), which catalogs the positions of Senate Democrats on President Obama's plan to cut Social Security through a change in the way benefits are adjusted for inflation. Some have already come out against it, but many more haven't made their position clear, and a few are in favor. If your Senators are in the undecided or pro-cuts group, you can use the site to contact them and either express your disagreement, or try to pin them down on their position. Figuring out where all these politicians stand will be important in trying to beat back these cuts, just as it was in the fight over [Bush's attempt](http://talkingpointsmemo.com/archives/004279.php) to privatize Social Security.</p> <p>***</p> <p>With that out of the way, here are some other things I've published elsewhere lately that may be of interest.</p> <p>I have an essay in a rather unusual venue for me: the "Garage Sale Standard", a broadsheet that was commissioned to accompany a recent staging of artist Martha Rosler's ["Meta-Monumental Garage Sale"](http://www.moma.org/visit/calendar/exhibitions/1279) at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. My essay, "The Garage Sale and Other Utopias", can be found in PDF form [here](http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2012/garagesale/garagesale1.pdf). I attempt to place the garage sale in the context of capitalism's fetish of the commodity, and individual attempts to escape from it:</p> <p>> To alter the conditions that produce things like the Foxconn scandal would require a radical, worldwide transformation of the kind of society and economy we live in. Lacking the ability to bring about such a change, consumers disturbed by what is revealed when objects are defetishized understandably look for ways to avoid implication in processes of production that they find ugly and exploitative. Two of the most popular strategies are ethical consumption and buying secondhand. But while each of these points in certain hopeful and utopian directions, each also demonstrates the limits of seeking individual solutions to a collective dilemma.</p> <p>I also have an essay in the most recent issue of the *New Inquiry*, ["Sowing Scarcity"](http://thenewinquiry.com/essays/sowing-scarcity/). It's a discussion of agriculture, in which I attempt to combine my longstanding preoccupation with intellectual property laws with a richer appreciation of ecological issues:</p> <p>> This is late capitalism’s inverted world, where business and government treat nature as infinite but strictly ration culture. Thus does capitalism, billed in every economics textbook as the supreme mechanism for allocating scarce resources, degenerate into a machine that introduces scarcity where it need not exist and blithely squanders the things that are in short supply.</p> <p>Finally, I had a blast appearing on Portland's KBOO radio to discuss the Basic Income and anti-work leftism [with Joe Clement and Kathryn Sackinger](http://kboo.fm/node/52414) and take questions from callers over the course of an hour. You can find the audio file at the link, along with some supplementary reading. If you want to hear an explanation and defense of Universal Basic Income as a Gorzian "non-reformist reform" in audio format, I think this is a pretty comprehensive one.</p> </div> </div>  <div class="post" id="post-2390"> <h2><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/12/robots-and-liberalism/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Robots and Liberalism">Robots and Liberalism</a></h2> <p class="small"> December 12th, 2012  |   Published in <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/anti-star-trek/" rel="category tag">anti-Star Trek</a>, <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/politics/political-economy/" rel="category tag">Political Economy</a>, <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/politics/" rel="category tag">Politics</a>, <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/politics/socialism/" rel="category tag">Socialism</a>, <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/social-science/time/" rel="category tag">Time</a>, <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/social-science/work/" rel="category tag">Work</a> </p> <div class="entry"> <p>People know my beat by now, so everyone has been directing my attention to Paul Krugman's [recent musings](http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/08/rise-of-the-robots/) on the pace of automation in the economy. He moves away from his earlier preoccupation with worker skills, and toward the possibility of "'capital-biased technological change', which tends to shift the distribution of income away from workers to the owners of capital." He goes on to present data showing the secular decline in labor's share of income since the 1970's. </p> <p>He then notes that his position "has echoes of old-fashioned Marxism", but reassures us that this uncomfortable realization "shouldn't be a reason to ignore facts". The implication of those facts, he says, are that neither the liberal nor conservative common sense has anything to say about our current predicament: "Better education won’t do much to reduce inequality if the big rewards simply go to those with the most assets. Creating an “opportunity society” . . . won’t do much if the most important asset you can have in life is, well, lots of assets inherited from your parents."</p> <p>Meanwhile we have Kevin Drum [despairing](http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2012/12/our-bedpan-and-canasta-future) that the coming decades will be "mighty grim", as automation means that "the owners of capital will automate more and more, putting more and more people out of work". And we have the Financial Times publishing Izabella Kaminska [arguing that](http://ftalphaville.ft.com/2012/12/10/1303512/the-robot-economy-and-the-new-rentier-class/?) "we’ve now arrived at a point where technology begins to threaten return on capital, mostly by causing the sort of abundance that depresses prices to the point where many goods have no choice but to become free." This, of course, leads to attempts to impose artificial scarcity through new forms of property rights (with dire consequences for growth and prosperity), but I've written all about that [elsewhere](http://thenewinquiry.com/essays/phantom-tollbooths/).</p> <p>What I mainly find interesting is what all this interest in technology and jobless growth says about the limits of contemporary liberalism. We can all hope that Gavin Mueller's [reverie](https://twitter.com/gavinsaywhat/status/277548284002828288) [of](https://twitter.com/gavinsaywhat/status/277549350383677440) [Paul](https://twitter.com/gavinsaywhat/status/277549399863881730) [Krugman](https://twitter.com/gavinsaywhat/status/277550263462666240) [dropping](https://twitter.com/gavinsaywhat/status/277551124733636608) [LSD](https://twitter.com/gavinsaywhat/status/277552595474726914) [and](https://twitter.com/gavinsaywhat/status/277554156699541504) [becoming](https://twitter.com/gavinsaywhat/status/277555109364387840) [a Marxist](https://twitter.com/gavinsaywhat/status/277556050801074176) will come to pass, but in the meantime his type seems to have no real answer. Nor do those of a more labor-liberal bent, like Dan Crawford [at Angry Bear](http://www.angrybearblog.com/2012/12/paul-krugman-changes-his-mind-on.html), who laments being called a neo-luddite and scornfully says: "As if widespread use of automated systems was automatically good for us overall". As if a world in which we hold back technical change in order to keep everyone locked into deadening jobs is a vision that will rally the masses to liberalism.</p> <p>In its more sophisticated form, this kind of politics takes the form of Ed Miliband's "predistribution", which Richard Seymour [glosses](http://jacobinmag.com/2012/09/predistribution-an-attack-on-the-social-wage/) as a belief that "rather than taxing the rich to fund welfare, the government should focus on making work pay more." But if the structure of the modern economy is, as Krugman argues, one which depends on increasing numbers of robots and diminishing numbers of people, this project is bound to be either ineffectual or pointlessly destructive of our potential social wealth. The idea that there is something inherently superior, either politically or morally, about raising pre-tax and transfer incomes, rather than doing redistribution, is one that has never seemed to me to be especially well grounded. At times I suspect that it stems from an uncritical embrace of the historically specific white populist identity politics of the working class, and its accompanying fetish for the point of production, that I talk about [here](http://jacobinmag.com/2012/11/an-imagined-community/).</p> <p>Not to say I have all the answers either, but here on the crazy Left we at least have [some ideas](http://jacobinmag.com/2012/04/the-politics-of-getting-a-life/). Ideas that don't presuppose the desirability of keeping the assembly line of employment going at all costs, pumping out something that we can call "middle class jobs". Ideas that get back to crazy notions like working time reduction and the decommodification of labor. These days, the unrealistic utopians are the nostalgics for the Fordist compromise, who see the factory worker with a high school diploma and a middle class income as the apex of human emancipation. But as Lenin [said](http://radicalcut.blogspot.com/2009/02/conversation-between-lenin-and-valeriu.html), "One can never be radical enough; that is, one must always try to be as radical as reality itself".</p> </div> </div>  <div class="navigation"> <div class="alignleft"></div> <div class="alignright"></div> </div> </div>  </div>  <div class="column span-3 last" id="sidebar"> <ul> <li id="nav_menu-5" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h2 class="widgettitle">RSS Feeds</h2> <div class="menu-blog-rss-container"><ul id="menu-blog-rss" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-857" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-857"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/feed/">Posts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-858" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-858"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/comments/feed/">Comments</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8100" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8100"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/talking/">Talking</a></li> </ul></div></li> <li id="recent-posts-3" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Blog</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/2021/04/mob-terror-and-police-politics/">Mob Terror and Police Politics</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/2020/07/the-limits-of-anti-trumpism/">The limits of anti-Trumpism</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/2019/05/scenes-for-a-may-day/">Scenes for a May Day</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/2019/02/bernie-and-the-movement/">Bernie and the movement</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/2019/01/erik-olin-wright-an-appreciation/">Erik Olin Wright: An Appreciation</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widgettitle">Blog Topics</h2> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-33"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/anti-star-trek/">anti-Star Trek</a> (26) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/art/">Art and Literature</a> (16) <ul class='children'> <li class="cat-item cat-item-35"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/art/games/">Games</a> (2) </li> </ul> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-22"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/everyday-life/">Everyday life</a> (10) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-23"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/fiction/">Fiction</a> (2) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-36"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/luxembourg/">Luxembourg</a> (2) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-14"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/politics/">Politics</a> (160) <ul class='children'> <li class="cat-item cat-item-37"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/politics/feminism/">Feminism</a> (7) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-18"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/politics/imperialism/">Imperialism</a> (8) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/politics/political-economy/">Political Economy</a> (85) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-19"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/politics/socialism/">Socialism</a> (54) </li> </ul> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/shameless-self-promotion/">Shameless self-promotion</a> (17) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-8"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/social-science/">Social Science</a> (85) <ul class='children'> <li class="cat-item cat-item-17"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/social-science/cities/">Cities</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-10"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/social-science/data-social-science/">Data</a> (16) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-16"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/social-science/sociology/">Sociology</a> (6) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-12"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/social-science/statistical-graphics-social-science/">Statistical Graphics</a> (15) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-11"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/social-science/statistics-social-science/">Statistics</a> (12) <ul class='children'> <li class="cat-item cat-item-21"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/social-science/statistics-social-science/r/">R</a> (1) </li> </ul> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-24"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/social-science/time/">Time</a> (12) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-20"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/social-science/work/">Work</a> (47) </li> </ul> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> (39) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-34"><a href="http://www.peterfrase.com/category/xkcd-com386/">xkcd.com/386</a> (11) </li> </ul> </li> <li id="linkcat-0" class="widget widget_links"><h2 class="widgettitle">Bookmarks</h2> <ul class='xoxo blogroll'> <li><a href="http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~gelman/blog/" title="Statistics and social science">Andrew Gelman</a></li> <li><a href="http://axyl.us/" rel="friend met colleague">Axylus Digest (@jboy_)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.urbanresearch.org">Center for Urban Research</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.crookedtimber.org/" title="General social science blogging">Crooked Timber</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.gc.cuny.edu/sociology/">CUNY Graduate Center Sociology Department</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.dsausa.org" title="My political affiliation. Not the kind of socialists who try to sell you newspapers.">Democratic Socialists of America</a></li> <li><a href="http://freecity.commons.gc.cuny.edu/" rel="friend co-worker colleague">Free City (Lee Hachadoorian)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.jacobinmag.com" title="What all the cool kids are reading these days">Jacobin Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="http://karengregory.tumblr.com/" rel="acquaintance colleague">Karen Gregory (@claudiakincaid)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.lisdatacenter.org/" title="Cross-national income, wealth, and labor market data">LIS Data Center</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.popmatters.com/pm/blogs/marginal-utility/" rel="contact" title="Rob Horning">Marginal Utility (@marginalutility)</a></li> <li><a href="http://rortybomb.wordpress.com" rel="acquaintance met" title="Mike Konczal, Roosevelt Institute">Mike Konczal (@rortybomb)</a></li> <li><a href="http://orgtheory.wordpress.com" title="Organization theory blogging">OrgTheory</a></li> <li><a href="http://patrickinglis.com/" rel="acquaintance colleague">Patrick Inglis (@patrickinglis)</a></li> <li><a href="http://blog.revolution-computing.com/" title="Blogging about the R statistical programming language">REvolutions</a></li> <li><a href="http://adifferentclass.com/">Sarah Jaffe (@sarahljaffe)</a></li> <li><a href="http://scatteredspeculations.tumblr.com/">Scattered Speculations (@caughtintheweb)</a></li> <li><a href="http://scatter.wordpress.org" title="Sociology blogging">Scatterplot</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.iq.harvard.edu/blog/sss" title="Harvard social scientists">Social Science Statistics Blog</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><h2 class="widgettitle">Archives</h2> <ul> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2021/04/'>April 2021</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2020/07/'>July 2020</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2019/05/'>May 2019</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2019/02/'>February 2019</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2019/01/'>January 2019</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2018/11/'>November 2018</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2018/10/'>October 2018</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2018/09/'>September 2018</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2018/07/'>July 2018</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2018/03/'>March 2018</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2018/02/'>February 2018</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2017/08/'>August 2017</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2017/07/'>July 2017</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2017/02/'>February 2017</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2017/01/'>January 2017</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2016/12/'>December 2016</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2016/07/'>July 2016</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2016/06/'>June 2016</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2016/05/'>May 2016</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2016/04/'>April 2016</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2016/03/'>March 2016</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2016/02/'>February 2016</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2015/08/'>August 2015</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2015/03/'>March 2015</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2015/02/'>February 2015</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2014/12/'>December 2014</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2014/09/'>September 2014</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2014/08/'>August 2014</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2014/07/'>July 2014</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2014/06/'>June 2014</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2014/05/'>May 2014</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2014/04/'>April 2014</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2014/03/'>March 2014</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2014/02/'>February 2014</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2014/01/'>January 2014</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2013/11/'>November 2013</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2013/10/'>October 2013</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2013/06/'>June 2013</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2013/05/'>May 2013</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2013/04/'>April 2013</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2013/02/'>February 2013</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/12/' aria-current="page">December 2012</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/11/'>November 2012</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/10/'>October 2012</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/08/'>August 2012</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/05/'>May 2012</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/04/'>April 2012</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/03/'>March 2012</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/02/'>February 2012</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2012/01/'>January 2012</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/12/'>December 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/11/'>November 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/10/'>October 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/09/'>September 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/08/'>August 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/07/'>July 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/06/'>June 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/05/'>May 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/04/'>April 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/03/'>March 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/02/'>February 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2011/01/'>January 2011</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2010/12/'>December 2010</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2010/11/'>November 2010</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2010/09/'>September 2010</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2010/05/'>May 2010</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2010/04/'>April 2010</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2010/03/'>March 2010</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2010/02/'>February 2010</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2010/01/'>January 2010</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2009/11/'>November 2009</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2009/10/'>October 2009</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2009/09/'>September 2009</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2009/05/'>May 2009</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2009/03/'>March 2009</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2009/02/'>February 2009</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2008/10/'>October 2008</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2008/06/'>June 2008</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2008/05/'>May 2008</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2007/11/'>November 2007</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2007/07/'>July 2007</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2007/05/'>May 2007</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2007/01/'>January 2007</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2006/09/'>September 2006</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2006/08/'>August 2006</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2006/04/'>April 2006</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2006/03/'>March 2006</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2006/02/'>February 2006</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2005/09/'>September 2005</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2005/03/'>March 2005</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2005/02/'>February 2005</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.peterfrase.com/2003/05/'>May 2003</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div>  </div>  <div id="footer"> ©