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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syrian_opposition_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syrian_opposition_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Syrian opposition groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syrian_opposition_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>International organisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Friends of Syria Group</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriens_venner" title="Syriens venner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Syriens venner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freunde_Syriens" title="Freunde Syriens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Freunde Syriens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amigos_de_Siria" title="Amigos de Siria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amigos de Siria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="گروه دوستان سوریه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه دوستان سوریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_internationale_des_amis_de_la_Syrie" title="Conférence internationale des amis de la Syrie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conférence internationale des amis de la Syrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%B9%9C%EC%9A%B0%ED%9A%8C" title="시리아 친우회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시리아 친우회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amici_della_Siria" title="Amici della Siria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amici della Siria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="ארגון ידידי סוריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארגון ידידי סוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" 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href="/wiki/File:Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey_April_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey_April_2012.jpg/250px-Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey_April_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey_April_2012.jpg/375px-Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey_April_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey_April_2012.jpg/500px-Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey_April_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>The second Group of Friends of the Syrian People meeting in Istanbul, Turkey on 1 April 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Group of Friends of the Syrian People</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (sometimes <b>Friends of Syria Group</b>, <b>Friends of the Syrian People Group</b>, <b>Friends of Democratic Syria</b> or simply <b>Friends of Syria</b>) is an international diplomatic <a href="/wiki/Collective" title="Collective">collective</a> of countries and bodies convening periodically on the topic of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> outside the <a href="/wiki/U.N._Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="U.N. Security Council">U.N. Security Council</a>. The collective was created in response to a Russian and Chinese veto on a Security Council resolution condemning Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History,_purpose"><span id="History.2C_purpose"></span>History, purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History, purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The group was initiated by then-French president <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>, with the purpose to find a solution to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian conflict</a>, after Russia and China <a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War#2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian Civil War">had vetoed a 4 February 2012 UN Security Council resolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first meeting took place on 24 February 2012 in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second meeting took place the same year on 1 April in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-AJE_1.4.2012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJE_1.4.2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third meeting of the Friends of Syria took place in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in early July 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-2012-07-06_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-2012-07-06-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fourth summit took place in Marrakesh in December 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inaugural_conference_in_Tunisia">Inaugural conference in Tunisia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inaugural conference in Tunisia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 24 February 2012, the Friends of Syria met for the first time, in Tunis. Then U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> and U.S. officials <a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_Slaughter" title="Anne-Marie Slaughter">Anne-Marie Slaughter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hirsh_(journalist)" title="Michael Hirsh (journalist)">Michael Hirsh</a> advocated that Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Jordan would be able to create "no-kill zones", and argued that Syria was more central to American interests than Libya had been.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt12_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt12-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a> featured prominently at the conference, and issued a seven-point list of demands, among which,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If the regime fails to accept the terms of the political initiative outlined by the Arab League and end violence against citizens, the Friends of Syria should not constrain individual countries from aiding the Syrian opposition by means of military advisers, training and provision of arms to defend themselves.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istanbul_conference">Istanbul conference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Istanbul conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey.jpg/220px-Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey.jpg/330px-Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey.jpg/440px-Friends_of_the_Syrian_People_Meeting_in_Turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption>Participants at the Istanbul conference on 1 April 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>Seventy nations participated in the conference held on 1 April 2012 to support Syrian opposition and increase pressure on the Syrian government. The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a> claiming the opposition is now united called for "serious action" and said they will "take charge of the payment of fixed salaries of <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a>". The Turkish PM defended what he called "Syrians' right to self-defence" and demanded the international community to speak up for the Syrian people. "We also believe the international community has a moral obligation to act. The bloodshed in Syria must stop," He added. <a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Jassim_bin_Jaber_Al_Thani" title="Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani">Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani</a> (Qatari Prime Minister), <a href="/wiki/List_of_Secretaries_General_of_the_Arab_League" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Secretaries General of the Arab League">Arab League Secretariat</a> and contemporary US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> supported taking stronger measures against the Syrian government.<sup id="cite_ref-AJE_1.4.2012_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJE_1.4.2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Government-owned <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_News_Agency" title="Syrian Arab News Agency">Syrian Arab News Agency</a> denounced the meeting calling it "a series of related circles of conspiracy against Syria" and identified participants as "enemies of Syria".<sup id="cite_ref-AJE_1.4.2012_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJE_1.4.2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paris_conference">Paris conference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Paris conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The third meeting of the Friends of Syria group opened on 6 July 2012 in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. Speakers addressing the meeting included <a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Laurent Fabius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-2012-07-06_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-2012-07-06-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marrakesh_conference">Marrakesh conference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marrakesh conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fourth meeting of the Friends of Syria group opened on 12 December 2012 in <a href="/wiki/Marrakesh" title="Marrakesh">Marrakesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rome_February_2013_meeting">Rome February 2013 meeting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rome February 2013 meeting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 28 February 2013, only 11 members of the Friends of Syria held their meeting in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rome2013_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rome2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amman_conference">Amman conference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Amman conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 22 May 2013, a conference in <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> was opened to discuss the US-Russian proposal for peace talks.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doha_conference">Doha conference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Doha conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 22 June 2013, a conference in <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> was opened to discuss how to organise the delivery of military and other kinds of aid for Syrian rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participants">Participants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Participants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conference in Marrakech, on 12 December 2012, was attended by delegates of 114 states.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, however, the number of nations represented at the meetings fell to 11.<sup id="cite_ref-Rome2013_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rome2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Istanbul2013_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Istanbul2013-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Countries">Countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Current members of Friends of Syria, which met in 2013 in Rome, Istanbul<sup id="cite_ref-Rome2013_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rome2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Istanbul2013_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Istanbul2013-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and London, are often referred to as the 'London 11'.<sup id="cite_ref-London11_2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-London11_2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Egypt"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Jordan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Qatar"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Saudi Arabia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Turkey"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United Arab Emirates"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syrian_opposition_groups">Syrian opposition groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Syrian opposition groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolution_and_Opposition_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces">National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_organisations">International organisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: International organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>International organisations participating in the Friends of Syria conference included:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Maghreb.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Emblem_of_Maghreb.svg/22px-Emblem_of_Maghreb.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Emblem_of_Maghreb.svg/33px-Emblem_of_Maghreb.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Emblem_of_Maghreb.svg/44px-Emblem_of_Maghreb.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">Arab Maghreb Union</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg/23px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg/35px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg/46px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="278" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends of Libya">Friends of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190202/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/the-second-conference-of-the-group-of-friends-of-the-syrian-people-will-take-place-in-istanbul.en.mfa">"The Second Conference of the Group 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/04/syrian-opposition-radical-elements-wester-arms.html">the original</a> on 29 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friends+of+Syria+Deliver+Nothing+New&rft.date=2013-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2013%2F04%2Fsyrian-opposition-radical-elements-wester-arms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriends+of+Syria+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-London11_2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-London11_2013_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/london-11-meeting-on-syria">"London 11 Meeting on Syria"</a>. UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Indonesia Embassy in Tunisia. 27 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kemlu.go.id/tunis/Pages/Embassies.aspx?IDP=321&l=en">the original</a> on 20 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ambassador+expressed+the+Indonesian+position+concerning+conflict+in+Syria+in+the+Friends+of+Syria+Conference&rft.pub=Indonesia+Embassy+in+Tunisia&rft.date=2012-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kemlu.go.id%2Ftunis%2FPages%2FEmbassies.aspx%3FIDP%3D321%26l%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriends+of+Syria+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aron Lund, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122193630/http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=62239">Riyadh, Rumeilan, and Damascus: All You Need to Know About Syria's Opposition Conferences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a> (9 December 2015)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&oldid=1274934397">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_Syria_Group&oldid=1274934397</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Category:International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions to the Syrian civil war</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Syria" title="Category:Politics of Syria">Politics of Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Diplomatic_umbrella_groups" title="Category:Diplomatic umbrella groups">Diplomatic umbrella groups</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2015" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2015">Articles with dead external links from October 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2020">Use dmy dates from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_November_2017" title="Category:Use British English from November 2017">Use British English from November 2017</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 February 2025, at 02:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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