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letištích </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Jazyk" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Jazyk</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=Vzletov%C3%A1+a+p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD+dr%C3%A1ha&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" 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<script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Vzletová a přistávací dráha</b> (zkratka <b>VPD</b>; anglicky a často také <b>runway</b>, příp. <b>ranvej</b>, zkracováno <b>RWY</b>) je plocha sloužící ke <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzlet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vzlet (stránka neexistuje)">vzletům</a> a <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=P%C5%99ist%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Přistání (stránka neexistuje)">přistáním</a> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Letadlo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letadlo">letadel</a> na <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leti%C5%A1t%C4%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letiště">letištích</a>. Dráha může být zpevněná (<a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beton">beton</a>, <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asfalt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asfalt">asfalt</a>, <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asfaltov%C3%BD_beton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asfaltový beton">asfaltobeton</a> apod.), případně nezpevněná (nejčastěji <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%A1va?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tráva">travnatá</a>).</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soubor:LKPR_RWY31.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/LKPR_RWY31.jpg/290px-LKPR_RWY31.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/LKPR_RWY31.jpg/435px-LKPR_RWY31.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/LKPR_RWY31.jpg/580px-LKPR_RWY31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></a> <figcaption> Vzletová a přistávací dráha 30 <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leti%C5%A1t%C4%9B_V%C3%A1clava_Havla_Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letiště Václava Havla Praha">letiště Praha-Ruzyně</a> </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="cs" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Obsah</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pojmenov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_drah"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Pojmenování drah</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Volba_pou%C5%BE%C3%ADvan%C3%A9_dr%C3%A1hy"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Volba používané dráhy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rozm%C4%9Bry"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Rozměry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vybaven%C3%AD,_osv%C4%9Btlen%C3%AD_a_zna%C4%8Den%C3%AD"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Vybavení, osvětlení a značení</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Radionaviga%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_za%C5%99%C3%ADzen%C3%AD"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Radionavigační zařízení</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Osv%C4%9Btlen%C3%AD"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Osvětlení</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zna%C4%8Den%C3%AD"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Značení</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reference"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Reference</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Související články</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Extern%C3%AD_odkazy"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Externí odkazy</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Pojmenování_drah"><span id="Pojmenov.C3.A1n.C3.AD_drah"></span>Pojmenování drah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Pojmenování drah" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Dráhy se pojmenovávají číselným označením, které udává směr dráhy. Toto číslo je rovno <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Magnetick%C3%BD_sm%C4%9Br&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Magnetický směr (stránka neexistuje)">magnetickému směru</a> dráhy zaokrouhlenému na nejbližších deset stupňů a poté vydělenému deseti. Například dráha s označením „24“ má směr přibližně 240°, tzn. zhruba jihozápadně, dráha „36“ má směr 360°, tzn. na sever. Jelikož dráhu je možno využít dvěma směry, má také dvojí označení, které se číselně liší o 18 (= 180°). Dráha „24“ tak v opačném směru nese označení „06“ (úvodní nula se používá pro prevenci přeslechů v radiokomunikaci), dráha jako celek se pak může označovat např. „06/24“.</p> <p>Pokud je na letišti více <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rovnob%C4%9B%C5%BEky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rovnoběžky">rovnoběžných</a> (nebo téměř rovnoběžných) drah, rozlišují se přidaným písmenem <i>L</i> (levá, <i>left</i>), <i>R</i> (pravá, <i>right</i>), případně <i>C</i> (prostřední, <i>center</i>). Například dráha 24L pak má v opačném směru označení 06R. V případě, že má letiště ještě více než tři takové dráhy, použije se další číslo (a číslo pak přesně neodpovídá magnetickému směru dráhy). Například na <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Losangelesk%C3%A9_mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_leti%C5%A1t%C4%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Losangeleské mezinárodní letiště">Losangeleském mezinárodním letišti</a> existují čtyři rovnoběžné dráhy, značené 6L, 6R, 7L, 7R (a v opačném směru 24R, 24L, 25R, 25L), přestože mají naprosto shodný směr (069,1°/249,1°). Podobně na <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leti%C5%A1t%C4%9B_Brno-Tu%C5%99any?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letiště Brno-Tuřany">tuřanském</a> letišti je hlavní betonová dráha označena RWY 09/27, zatímco sousední rovnoběžný travnatý pás bývá označován jako RWY 08/26.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soubor:Runway_22.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Runway_22.svg/220px-Runway_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="740"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 271px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Runway_22.svg/220px-Runway_22.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="271" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Runway_22.svg/330px-Runway_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Runway_22.svg/440px-Runway_22.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Dráha 22 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Vzhledem k fluktuaci zemského <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_magnetick%C3%BD_p%C3%B3l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severní magnetický pól">severního magnetického pólu</a> dochází občas k přeznačování drah; Například dnešní <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leti%C5%A1t%C4%9B_V%C3%A1clava_Havla_Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letiště Václava Havla Praha">ruzyňská</a> RWY 06/24 nesla dříve označení 07/25.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Volba_používané_dráhy"><span id="Volba_pou.C5.BE.C3.ADvan.C3.A9_dr.C3.A1hy"></span>Volba používané dráhy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Volba používané dráhy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soubor:FAA_JFK_Airport_map_2013.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/FAA_JFK_Airport_map_2013.png/220px-FAA_JFK_Airport_map_2013.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="576"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 318px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/FAA_JFK_Airport_map_2013.png/220px-FAA_JFK_Airport_map_2013.png" data-width="220" data-height="318" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/FAA_JFK_Airport_map_2013.png/330px-FAA_JFK_Airport_map_2013.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/FAA_JFK_Airport_map_2013.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Mapa <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leti%C5%A1t%C4%9B_JFK?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letiště JFK">letiště Johna F. Kennedyho</a> se čtyřmi VPD </figcaption> </figure> <p>Jako <i>dráha v používání</i> se označuje ta vzletová a přistávací dráha, na které jsou v danou dobu prováděny vzlety a přistání. Jelikož se často některé dráhy křižují, není možné současně používat všechny dráhy, kterými je letiště vybaveno (a i pokud se některé dráhy nekřižují, mohla by si navzájem překážet letadla, která se právě přibližují na přistání, případně odlétají). Základním kritériem, podle kterého se vybírá dráha, která se bude používat, je <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%ADtr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vítr">vítr</a>. Vzlety i přistání je totiž nejvhodnější provádět proti větru; vítr z boku či do zad je nežádoucí. (Důvodem je, že pro udržení se ve vzduchu se letoun musí pohybovat určitou minimální rychlostí <i>vůči okolnímu vzduchu</i>, tzn. pokud se tento vzduch pohybuje ve stejném směru jako letoun, je výsledná rychlost vůči zemi o to vyšší, takže při vzletu musí letoun před odlepením od země tuto vyšší rychlost vyvinout, případně z ní při přistávání zabrzdit. Naopak při protivětru je potřebná rychlost vůči zemi o rychlost větru nižší.)</p> <p>Kromě tohoto kritéria se používají i další (používaná zvláště za bezvětří či jen mírného větru), např. kvůli omezení hluku se volí dráha, u které nemusí odlétající a přistávající letadla přelétat nad obydlenými oblastmi (to je časté kritérium zvláště v nočních hodinách), případně se mohou zvažovat argumenty pro co nejjednodušší a nejrychlejší odbavení co nejvyššího počtu letadel s ohledem na převažující směr dopravy či navazující letové trasy (tento argument se zase nejčastěji aplikuje v době dopravní špičky).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Rozměry"><span id="Rozm.C4.9Bry"></span>Rozměry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Rozměry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Na malých letištích pro <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C5%A1eobecn%C3%A9_letectv%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Všeobecné letectví">všeobecné letectví</a> se používají malé (zpravidla nezpevněné) dráhy s délkou několika set <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metr">m</a>, nejmenší zhruba 250×8 m. Velká letiště pak používají zpevněné dráhy o šířce typicky 45, 60 nebo 80 m a délce v rozsahu zhruba 2–5 km. Velké letouny (např. <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boeing_747?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a>, <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boeing_767?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boeing 767">767</a> či <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boeing_777?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boeing 777">777</a>, <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">McDonnell Douglas DC-10</a> či <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-11">MD-11</a>, <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airbus_A340?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airbus A340">Airbus A340</a> či <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airbus_A380?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airbus A380">A380</a> apod.) vyžadují dráhu zhruba 2400 m (minimum za příznivých podmínek při hladině moře, ve vyšší nadmořské výšce či za zhoršených podmínek více<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).</p> <p>Nejdelší dráhu na světě, s délkou 5 000 m, má letiště v <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%BDikace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Žikace">Žikace</a> (<span class="coordinates"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dcs%26pagename%3DVzletov%25C3%25A1%2Ba%2Bp%25C5%2599ist%25C3%25A1vac%25C3%25AD%2Bdr%25C3%25A1ha%26params%3D29.35_N_89.3166667_E_type:landmark"><span style="white-space:pre">29°21′ s. š.</span>, <span style="white-space:pre">89°19′ v. d.</span></a></span>) v <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibetsk%C3%A1_autonomn%C3%AD_oblast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibetská autonomní oblast">Tibetské AO</a> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čína">ČLR</a>. Ještě výrazně delší jsou pak specializované dráhy mimo běžná letiště, např. nezpevněná dráha 18/36 vyznačená na dně solné pláně na <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edwardsova_leteck%C3%A1_z%C3%A1kladna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edwardsova letecká základna">Edwardsově letecké základně</a> v USA má délku cca 12 km. Nejdelší dráhou <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leti%C5%A1t%C4%9B_V%C3%A1clava_Havla_Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letiště Václava Havla Praha">pražského ruzyňského letiště</a> je dráha 06/24 s rozměry 3715×45 m.</p> <p>Pro případ nehody jsou u velkých letišť zpravidla vyžadovány bezpečnostní zóny za okraji vzletových a přistávacích drah, někde se používá také speciální povrch pomáhající v nouzi zastavit letadlo (tzv. EMAS, <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Engineered_Materials_Arrestor_System&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Engineered Materials Arrestor System (stránka neexistuje)">Engineered Materials Arrestor System</a>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vybavení,_osvětlení_a_značení"><span id="Vybaven.C3.AD.2C_osv.C4.9Btlen.C3.AD_a_zna.C4.8Den.C3.AD"></span>Vybavení, osvětlení a značení</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Vybavení, osvětlení a značení" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Jelikož vzlet a přistání jsou nejrizikovějšími částmi letu, má vybavení vzletových a přistávacích drah zásadní důležitost pro bezpečnost. Runwaye jsou jednak vybaveny světelnými zařízeními, jednak různými radionavigačními pomůckami, přičemž obojí umožňuje létání v noci a za zhoršené viditelnosti. Šíře vybavení dráhy samozřejmě závisí na velikosti letiště, nejmenší letiště pro amatérské létání jsou často vybavena jen <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C4%9Btrn%C3%BD_pytel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Větrný pytel">větrným rukávem</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Radionavigační_zařízení"><span id="Radionaviga.C4.8Dn.C3.AD_za.C5.99.C3.ADzen.C3.AD"></span>Radionavigační zařízení</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Radionavigační zařízení" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soubor:Whiteman_localizer.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Whiteman_localizer.jpg/440px-Whiteman_localizer.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="76" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="168"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 440px;height: 76px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Whiteman_localizer.jpg/440px-Whiteman_localizer.jpg" data-width="440" data-height="76" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Whiteman_localizer.jpg/660px-Whiteman_localizer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Whiteman_localizer.jpg/880px-Whiteman_localizer.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Vysílač směrového paprsku ILS a světelný systém ALS na americké letecké základně <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Whiteman_Air_Force_Base?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiteman Air Force Base">Whiteman</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Různé druhy přístrojových a vizuálních přiblížení vyžadují různé radionavigační pomůcky. V dnešní době jsou alespoň hlavní dráhy na velkých letištích zpravidla vybaveny zařízením <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ILS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ILS">ILS</a>, které umožňuje letadlu přesně sledovat ideální sestupovou dráhu i při minimální viditelnosti. Vysílače tohoto systému jsou umístěny jednak poblíž dotykového bodu dráhy (vysílač sestupové roviny), jednak na opačném konci dráhy v její ose (vysílač směrového paprsku). Nezbytnou součástí systému je také zařízení <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DME?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DME">DME</a>, které měří vzdálenost letadla od prahu dráhy a vysílač je tedy umístěn u tohoto prahu. Dále k systému patří 2 - 3 radiomajáky umístěné v ose dráhy v určitých vzdálenostech před prahem (<i>Outer marker</i> (dříve nazývaná také <i>dálná</i>) typicky 4–8 <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A1mo%C5%99n%C3%AD_m%C3%ADle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Námořní míle">nm</a>, <i>Middle marker</i> (dříve nazývaná též <i>bližná</i>) 0,5–0,8 nm a <i>Inner marker</i> těsně před dráhou).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Osvětlení"><span id="Osv.C4.9Btlen.C3.AD"></span>Osvětlení</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Osvětlení" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soubor:APPROACH_LIGHTS_AT_BERLIN_TEGEL_AIRPORT_WITH_AN_AIR_UKRAINE_BOEING_737-400_TAKING_OFF_BERLIN_GERMANY_JUNE_2013_(9023668647).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/APPROACH_LIGHTS_AT_BERLIN_TEGEL_AIRPORT_WITH_AN_AIR_UKRAINE_BOEING_737-400_TAKING_OFF_BERLIN_GERMANY_JUNE_2013_%289023668647%29.jpg/220px-APPROACH_LIGHTS_AT_BERLIN_TEGEL_AIRPORT_WITH_AN_AIR_UKRAINE_BOEING_737-400_TAKING_OFF_BERLIN_GERMANY_JUNE_2013_%289023668647%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4390" data-file-height="2160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 108px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/APPROACH_LIGHTS_AT_BERLIN_TEGEL_AIRPORT_WITH_AN_AIR_UKRAINE_BOEING_737-400_TAKING_OFF_BERLIN_GERMANY_JUNE_2013_%289023668647%29.jpg/220px-APPROACH_LIGHTS_AT_BERLIN_TEGEL_AIRPORT_WITH_AN_AIR_UKRAINE_BOEING_737-400_TAKING_OFF_BERLIN_GERMANY_JUNE_2013_%289023668647%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="108" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/APPROACH_LIGHTS_AT_BERLIN_TEGEL_AIRPORT_WITH_AN_AIR_UKRAINE_BOEING_737-400_TAKING_OFF_BERLIN_GERMANY_JUNE_2013_%289023668647%29.jpg/330px-APPROACH_LIGHTS_AT_BERLIN_TEGEL_AIRPORT_WITH_AN_AIR_UKRAINE_BOEING_737-400_TAKING_OFF_BERLIN_GERMANY_JUNE_2013_%289023668647%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/APPROACH_LIGHTS_AT_BERLIN_TEGEL_AIRPORT_WITH_AN_AIR_UKRAINE_BOEING_737-400_TAKING_OFF_BERLIN_GERMANY_JUNE_2013_%289023668647%29.jpg/440px-APPROACH_LIGHTS_AT_BERLIN_TEGEL_AIRPORT_WITH_AN_AIR_UKRAINE_BOEING_737-400_TAKING_OFF_BERLIN_GERMANY_JUNE_2013_%289023668647%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ALS </figcaption> </figure> <p>Součástí vybavení vzletových a přistávacích drah je také několik soustav osvětlení.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ještě před přistávací dráhou je v její ose umístěna řada světel, která přistávající letadla směrují k okraji dráhy. Tato soustava se označuje jako ALS (<i>Approach Light System</i>), sestává z řady trvale svítících a blikajících světel (často načasovaných tak, že blikající světla jakoby vedou letadlo k dráze) a vede od konce dráhy do vzdálenosti cca 900 m.</p> <p>Přímo na dráze je pak umístěno mnoho světel, které ji zviditelňují – na stranách dráhy jsou pravidelně rozmístěna bílá světla (někdy se v posledních cca 600 m dráhy střídají se žlutými). Přímo na runwayi může být světelně vyznačena středová čára – po většinu dráhy bílými světly, k okraji se postupně začnou střídat s červenými, v posledních 300 m pak jen červenými. Odbočky na navazující <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pojezdov%C3%A1_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pojezdová dráha">pojezdové dráhy</a> jsou značeny zeleno-žlutými světly. Existuje několik druhů osvětlení dráhy lišících se intenzitou světla, přičemž se používají zkratky HIRL, MIRL, LIRL pro <i>high</i>, <i>medium</i>, <i>low intensity runway lighting</i> („osvětlení dráhy s vysokou, střední, resp. nízkou intenzitou“).</p> <p>Na některých letištích s menším provozem je osvětlení po většinu času vypnuto, přičemž si ho může pilot zapnout na dálku rádiem, tím, že na příslušné frekvenci několikrát zaklíčuje (stiskne tlačítko vysílačky) – někdy je také možno ovlivnit intenzitu osvětlení (troje zaklíčování během pěti sekund zapne osvětlení s nízkou intenzitou, patero, resp. sedmero zapne střední, resp. vysokou intenzitu). Schopnost tohoto osvětlení řízeného pilotem se označuje jako PCL (<i>pilot controlled lighting</i>).</p> <p>Kromě osvětlení dráhy se používá také světelná signalizace pomáhající pilotovi udržet správnou sestupovou rovinu. Taková signalizační soustava sestává z několika světel vedle dráhy poblíž jejího začátku, která jsou natočena k přistávajícím letadlům. Dokud je letadlo na ideální sestupové rovině (zpravidla klesání pod úhlem 3°), vidí pilot např. dvě bílá a dvě červená světla. Pokud se letadlo blíží příliš nízko (pod sestupovou rovinou), jedno z bílých světel se změní na červené, pokud se dostane ještě níž, vidí červená všechna světla. Naopak pokud je letadlo nad sestupovou rovinou, vidí pilot více bílých než červených světel. Existuje několik různých standardů, které mají společný tento základní princip, ale liší se v detailech, jako např. počet a uspořádání světel. Mírně odlišný systém používá jediné světlo, které mění barvu (nad rovinou jantarová, na rovině zelená, pod rovinou červená), případně bliká. Všechny tyto pomůcky (označované zkratkami <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=VASI&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="VASI (stránka neexistuje)">VASI</a> či <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indik%C3%A1tor_p%C5%99esn%C3%A9ho_p%C5%99ibl%C3%AD%C5%BEen%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indikátor přesného přiblížení">PAPI</a>) mají jednoduchý základní princip: světla jsou vybavena optickou soustavou, která světlo rozděluje do dvou částí: horní část svítí bíle, dolní červeně. To znamená, že barevná kombinace, kterou pilot vidí, závisí na jeho relativní poloze vůči jednotlivým světlům a při jejich vhodném nastavení indikuje polohu vůči sestupové rovině.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soubor:PAPI-Section.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PAPI-Section.svg/350px-PAPI-Section.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="110"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 118px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PAPI-Section.svg/350px-PAPI-Section.svg.png" data-width="350" data-height="118" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PAPI-Section.svg/525px-PAPI-Section.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PAPI-Section.svg/700px-PAPI-Section.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Schematický diagram PAPI světel<br> 1 = Rozdělení <br> 2 = Zdroj světla<br> 3 = Červený filtr<br> 4 = Čočky<br> 5 / 6 = Světelný paprsek bílý/červený </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Značení"><span id="Zna.C4.8Den.C3.AD"></span>Značení</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Značení" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Na vzletových a přistávacích drahách se používá značení podobné vodorovným <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dopravn%C3%AD_zna%C4%8Dka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dopravní značka">dopravním značkám</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samotná dráha a na ní umístěné značení je prováděno v bílé barvě (na světlých, např. betonových, drahách je možno použít černé obrysy pro zvýraznění), navazující značení mimo vzletové a přistávací dráhy je vyvedeno žlutě.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soubor:Runway_markings.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Značení vzletových a přistávacích drah (není v měřítku)"> <noscript> <img alt="Značení vzletových a přistávacích drah (není v měřítku)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Runway_markings.svg/400px-Runway_markings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="66" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="123"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 66px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Runway_markings.svg/400px-Runway_markings.svg.png" data-alt="Značení vzletových a přistávacích drah (není v měřítku)" data-width="400" data-height="66" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Runway_markings.svg/600px-Runway_markings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Runway_markings.svg/800px-Runway_markings.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Značení vzletových a přistávacích drah (není v měřítku) </figcaption> </figure> <p>Dráha je orámována plnou bílou čárou a její střed je vyznačen přerušovanou čárou. Práh dráhy je vyznačen podélnými pásy po celé její šířce (obdobné značení přechodu pro chodce na silnici), přičemž počet pruhů obvykle označuje šířku dráhy (4 pruhy pro 18 m dráhu, 6 pro 23 m, 8 pro 30 m, 12 pro 45 m, 16 pruhů pro 60 metrovou dráhu). Dále je na začátku dráhy její číselné označení (s případným rozlišujícím písmenem). V dotykové zóně jsou pravidelně po 150 m rozmístěné značky – nejprve tři pruhy na každé straně, poté dva a nakonec jeden. Místo, kde se přistávající <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Letadlo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letadlo">letadla</a> mají při ideálním přistání dotknout země, je vyznačeno jedním širokým bílým pruhem na každé straně dráhy.</p> <p>Ještě před prahem dráhy může být část dráhy použitelná jen pro vzlety, nikoli pro přistání (přesněji řečeno pro přistání v tomto směru, po přistání v opačném směru ji využít lze). Taková část je vyznačena bílými šipkami v ose dráhy a práh (tzn. začátek dráhy použitelné pro přistání) je pak zdůrazněn širokým bílým pruhem a šipičkami po celé šířce.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soubor:Runway_diagram,_Displaced_threshold.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Runway_diagram%2C_Displaced_threshold.png/700px-Runway_diagram%2C_Displaced_threshold.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="69"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 700px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Runway_diagram%2C_Displaced_threshold.png/700px-Runway_diagram%2C_Displaced_threshold.png" data-width="700" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Runway_diagram%2C_Displaced_threshold.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> <p>Ještě před dráhou pak může být zpevněná plocha (např. dojezdová dráha, případně navazující pojezdová dráha), kterou nelze využívat pro vzlety ani přistání. Taková dráha je vyznačena žlutou barvou; pokud je to <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plocha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plocha">plocha</a>, na které se letadla nemají vůbec pohybovat, je vyznačena širokými žlutými symboly ve tvaru <i>V</i>.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soubor:Runway_diagram,_Blast_pad.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Runway_diagram%2C_Blast_pad.png/700px-Runway_diagram%2C_Blast_pad.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="69"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 700px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Runway_diagram%2C_Blast_pad.png/700px-Runway_diagram%2C_Blast_pad.png" data-width="700" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Runway_diagram%2C_Blast_pad.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aeroweb.cz/clanky/3064-ruzyska-draha-13-31-ponese-od-jara-2012-oznaceni-12-30">https://www.aeroweb.cz/clanky/3064-ruzyska-draha-13-31-ponese-od-jara-2012-oznaceni-12-30</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Boeing 777 Flight Manual</i>, Sec. 1 Page 6</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.faa.gov/ATPubs/AIM/Chap2/aim0201.html">AIM, kapitola 2, část 1, <i>Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216223218/http://www.faa.gov/ATPubs/AIM/Chap2/aim0201.html">Archivováno</a> 16. 2. 2006 na <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet_Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. (anglicky)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.faa.gov/ATpubs/AIM/Chap2/aim0203.html">AIM, kapitola 2, část 3, <i>Airport Marking Aids and Signs</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212053739/http://www.faa.gov/ATpubs/AIM/Chap2/aim0203.html">Archivováno</a> 12. 12. 2005 na <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet_Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. (anglicky)</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leti%C5%A1t%C4%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letiště">Letiště</a></li> <li><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heliport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heliport">Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pojezdov%C3%A1_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pojezdová dráha">Pojezdová dráha</a></li> <li><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seznam_%C4%8Desk%C3%BDch_leti%C5%A1%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Seznam českých letišť">Seznam českých letišť</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Runways" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Runways">vzletová a přistávací dráha</a></span> na <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/ranvej" class="extiw" title="wikt:ranvej">ranvej</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10663036">10663036</a></span></span></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style> <div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Letectv%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portál:Letectví">Letectví</a> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Citováno z „<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DVzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha%26oldid%3D23018678">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vzletová_a_přistávací_dráha&oldid=23018678</a>“ </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzletov%C3%A1_a_p%C5%99ist%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_dr%C3%A1ha&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="LR0725" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1690832275"> <span>Naposledy editováno 31. 7. 2023 v 20:37</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Jazyky</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AC_%25D9%2587%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D8%25B7" title="مدرج هبوط – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدرج هبوط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pista_d%2527aterrizaxe" title="Pista d'aterrizaxe – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pista d'aterrizaxe" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BB%25D1%2591%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Узлётна-пасадачная паласа – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Узлётна-пасадачная паласа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%2593%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A7%2587" title="রানওয়ে – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রানওয়ে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pista_d%2527aterratge" title="Pista d'aterratge – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pista d'aterratge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25DA%2595%25DA%25AF%25DB%2595" title="فڕگە – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فڕگە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landingsbane" title="Landingsbane – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Landingsbane" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-_und_Landebahn" title="Start- und Landebahn – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Start- und Landebahn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2597" title="धावनमार्ग – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="धावनमार्ग" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2594%25CE%25B9%25CE%25AC%25CE%25B4%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582_%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B4%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AF%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585" title="Διάδρομος αεροδρομίου – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάδρομος αεροδρομίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runway" title="Runway – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Runway" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviokurejo" title="Aviokurejo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aviokurejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pista_de_aterrizaje" title="Pista de aterrizaje – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pista de aterrizaje" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rada_(lennundus)" title="Rada (lennundus) – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rada (lennundus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurreratzeko_pista" title="Lurreratzeko pista – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurreratzeko pista" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587" title="باند فرودگاه – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باند فرودگاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiitotie" title="Kiitotie – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiitotie" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piste_(a%25C3%25A9rodrome)" title="Piste (aérodrome) – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Piste (aérodrome)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%25A1%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%259C_%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2594" title="מסלול טיסה – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסלול טיסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2580" title="उड़ानपट्टी – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उड़ानपट्टी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fut%25C3%25B3p%25C3%25A1lya_(rep%25C3%25BCl%25C3%25A9s)" title="Futópálya (repülés) – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Futópálya (repülés)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landasan_pacu" title="Landasan pacu – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Landasan pacu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-voyo" title="Start-voyo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Start-voyo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flugbraut" title="Flugbraut – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Flugbraut" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pista_(aviazione)" title="Pista (aviazione) – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pista (aviazione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25BB%2591%25E8%25B5%25B0%25E8%25B7%25AF" title="滑走路 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="滑走路" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C-%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25AF%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598" title="ასაფრენ-დასაჯდომი ზოლი – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასაფრენ-დასაჯდომი ზოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25B0%25D1%2588%25D1%2583-%25D2%259B%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2583_%25D0%25B6%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D2%2593%25D1%258B" title="Ұшу-қону жолағы – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұшу-қону жолағы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2599%259C%25EC%25A3%25BC%25EB%25A1%259C" title="활주로 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="활주로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%25C3%25ABrodromus" title="Aërodromus – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aërodromus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimo_ir_t%25C5%25ABpimo_takas" title="Kilimo ir tūpimo takas – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kilimo ir tūpimo takas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D1%258D%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC" title="Нислэгийн зам – mongolština" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нислэгийн зам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2580" title="धावपट्टी – maráthština" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="धावपट्टी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2589%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8" title="လေယာဉ်ပြေးလမ်း – barmština" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လေယာဉ်ပြေးလမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2597" title="धावनमार्ग – nepálština" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="धावनमार्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startbaan" title="Startbaan – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Startbaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rullebane" title="Rullebane – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rullebane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rullebane" title="Rullebane – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rullebane" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droga_startowa" title="Droga startowa – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Droga startowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pista_de_pouso_e_decolagem" title="Pista de pouso e decolagem – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pista de pouso e decolagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BB%25D1%2591%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Взлётно-посадочная полоса – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Взлётно-посадочная полоса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runway" title="Runway – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Runway" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vzletov%25C3%25A1_a_prist%25C3%25A1vacia_dr%25C3%25A1ha" title="Vzletová a pristávacia dráha – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vzletová a pristávacia dráha" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vzletno-pristajalna_steza" title="Vzletno-pristajalna steza – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vzletno-pristajalna steza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pista" title="Pista – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pista" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE-%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0" title="Полетно-слетна стаза – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полетно-слетна стаза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landningsbana" title="Landningsbana – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Landningsbana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2593%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2588" title="ஓடுபாதை – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓடுபாதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7" title="Хати парвоз – tádžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хати парвоз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tádžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B7%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2599" title="ทางวิ่งเครื่องบิน – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทางวิ่งเครื่องบิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patakbuhan" title="Patakbuhan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Patakbuhan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pist_(havac%25C4%25B1l%25C4%25B1k)" title="Pist (havacılık) – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pist (havacılık)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%25C3%25A7%25C4%25B1p_men%25C3%25BC-t%25C3%25B6%25C5%259F%25C3%25BC_yul%25C4%25B1" title="Oçıp menü-töşü yulı – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Oçıp menü-töşü yulı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0" title="Злітно-посадкова смуга – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Злітно-посадкова смуга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586_%25D9%2588%25DB%2592" title="رن وے – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رن وے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%2590%25C6%25B0%25E1%25BB%259Dng_b%25C4%2583ng" title="Đường băng – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đường băng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25B7%2591%25E9%2581%2593" title="跑道 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="跑道" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A-%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598" title="ეიოფურინალ-დაფურინალი საროტი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ეიოფურინალ-დაფურინალი საროტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%2590%25D7%25A8%25D7%2598%25D7%25A4%25D7%2590%25D7%25A1" title="סטארטפאס – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סטארטפאס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25B7%2591%25E9%2581%2593_(%25E8%2588%25AA%25E7%25A9%25BA)" title="跑道 (航空) – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="跑道 (航空)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25A9%259F%25E5%25A0%25B4%25E8%25B7%2591%25E9%2581%2593" title="機場跑道 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="機場跑道" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cs.svg" alt="Wikipedie" width="120" height="19" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Stránka byla naposledy editována 31. 7. 2023 v 20:37.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný pod <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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