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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">International Ice Patrol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دورية الجليد الدولية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دورية الجليد الدولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ice_Patrol" title="International Ice Patrol – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="International Ice Patrol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CE%AC%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Διεθνής Περιπολία Πάγων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεθνής Περιπολία Πάγων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrulla_Internacional_del_Hielo" title="Patrulla Internacional del Hielo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Patrulla Internacional del Hielo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrouille_internationale_des_glaces" title="Patrouille internationale des glaces – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Patrouille internationale des glaces" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patroli_Es_Internasional" title="Patroli Es Internasional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Patroli Es Internasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ice_Patrol" title="International Ice Patrol – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="International Ice Patrol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B7%E3%83%91%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="国際海氷パトロール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際海氷パトロール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrulha_Internacional_do_Gelo" title="Patrulha Internacional do Gelo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Patrulha Internacional do Gelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ice_Patrol" title="International Ice Patrol – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="International Ice Patrol" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%E1%BA%A7n_tra_N%C3%BAi_b%C4%83ng_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Tuần tra Núi băng Quốc tế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tuần tra Núi băng Quốc tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%86%B0%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A1%E9%82%8F%E9%9A%8A" title="國際冰海巡邏隊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="國際冰海巡邏隊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q586444#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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searchaux" style="display:none">Organization monitoring icebergs in the Atlantic and Arctic</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">International Ice Patrol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_(United_States_Coast_Guard).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg/150px-International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg/225px-International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg/300px-International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1914–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg/19px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="803" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">Search and rescue</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/international-ice-patrol-about-us">International Ice Patrol</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Aircraft flown</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Patrol_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrol aircraft">Patrol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_United_States_Navy_and_Coast_Guard_patrols" title="Template:Campaignbox United States Navy and Coast Guard patrols"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_United_States_Navy_and_Coast_Guard_patrols" title="Template talk:Campaignbox United States Navy and Coast Guard patrols"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_United_States_Navy_and_Coast_Guard_patrols" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox United States Navy and Coast Guard patrols"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Navy_and_Coast_Guard_patrols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy"><span class="wrap">United States Navy</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> patrols</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_anti-piracy_operations_of_the_United_States" title="West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States">West Indies Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_Anti-Piracy_Operations_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegean Sea Anti-Piracy Operations of the United States">Mediterranean Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Slave_Trade_Patrol" title="African Slave Trade Patrol">African Slave Trade Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Patrol" title="Great Lakes Patrol">Great Lakes Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Patrol" title="Yangtze Patrol">Yangtze Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_blockade" title="Union blockade">Union blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea_Anti-Poaching_Operations" title="Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations">Bering Sea Patrol</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ice Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Patrol" title="Rum Patrol">Rum Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_ship#Origin" title="Weather ship">Weather Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Patrol" title="Neutrality Patrol">Neutrality Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Patrol" title="Greenland Patrol">Greenland Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIRAZ" title="PIRAZ">PIRAZ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>International Ice Patrol</b> is an organization with the purpose of monitoring the presence of <a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">icebergs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic</a> oceans and reporting their movements for safety purposes. It is operated by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> but is funded by the 13 nations interested in trans-Atlantic navigation. As of 2011 the governments contributing to the International Ice Patrol include <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Ice_Service" title="Canadian Ice Service">Canadian Ice Service</a>), <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organization was established in 1914 in response to the <a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Titanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinking of the RMS Titanic">sinking of RMS <i>Titanic</i></a>. The primary mission of the Ice Patrol is to monitor the iceberg danger in the North Atlantic Ocean and provide relevant iceberg warning products to the maritime community.<sup id="cite_ref-IIP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Ice_Patrol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Ice_Patrol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the earliest journeys into the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic">North Atlantic</a>, icebergs have threatened vessels. A review of the history of navigation prior to the turn of the 20th century shows an impressive number of casualties occurred in the vicinity of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Banks_of_Newfoundland" title="Grand Banks of Newfoundland">Grand Banks of Newfoundland</a>. For example, <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake_(brig)" title="Lady of the Lake (brig)"><i>Lady of the Lake</i></a> sank in 1833 with a loss of 215 people. Between 1882 and 1890, 14 vessels were lost and 40 seriously damaged due to ice. This does not include the large number of <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a> and fishing vessels lost or damaged by ice. It took one of the greatest marine disasters of all time to arouse public demand for international cooperative action to deal with this marine hazard. This disaster, the sinking of <a href="/wiki/Titanic" title="Titanic">RMS <i>Titanic</i></a> on 15 April 1912, was the prime impetus for the establishment of the International Ice Patrol. </p><p>On her maiden voyage from <a href="/wiki/Southampton,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton, England">Southampton, England</a> bound for New York, <i>Titanic</i> collided with an iceberg just south of the tail of the Grand Banks and sank in less than three hours. The loss of life was enormous with more than 1,500 of the 2,224 passengers and crew perishing. <i>Titanic</i>, the brand new flagship of the <a href="/wiki/White_Star_Line" title="White Star Line">White Star Line</a>, was the largest passenger liner of her time displacing 45,000 tons and capable of sustained speed in excess of 22 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (41 km/h). The loss of <i>Titanic</i> gripped the world with a sobering awareness of an iceberg's potential for tragedy. The sheer dimensions of the <i>Titanic</i> disaster created sufficient public reaction on both sides of the Atlantic to prod reluctant governments into action, producing the first <a href="/wiki/Safety_of_Life_at_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety of Life at Sea">Safety of Life at Sea</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Convention_for_the_Safety_of_Life_at_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea">SOLAS</a>) convention in 1914. </p><p>After the <i>Titanic</i> disaster, the U.S. Navy assigned the cruisers <a href="/wiki/USS_Chester_(CL-1)" title="USS Chester (CL-1)">USS <i>Chester</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Birmingham_(CL-2)" title="USS Birmingham (CL-2)">USS <i>Birmingham</i></a> to patrol the Grand Banks of Newfoundland for the remainder of 1912. In 1913, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> could not spare ships for this purpose, so the <a href="/wiki/Revenue_Cutter_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenue Cutter Service">Revenue Cutter Service</a> (forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a>) assumed responsibility, assigning <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Seneca_(1908)" title="USCGC Seneca (1908)">USRC <i>Seneca</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Tampa_(1912)" title="USCGC Tampa (1912)">USRC <i>Miami</i></a> to conduct the patrol. </p><p>At the first <a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_the_Safety_of_Life_at_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="International Conference on the Safety of Life at Sea">International Conference on the Safety of Life at Sea</a>, which was convened in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> on 12 November 1913, the subject of patrolling the ice regions was thoroughly discussed. The convention signed on 30 January 1914, by the representatives of the world's various maritime powers, provided for the inauguration of an international derelict-destruction, ice observation, and ice patrol service, consisting of vessels, which should patrol the ice regions during the season of iceberg danger and attempt to keep the trans-Atlantic lanes clear of derelicts during the remainder of the year. Due primarily to the experience gained in 1912 and 1913, the United States Government was invited to undertake the management of the triple service, the expense to be defrayed by the 13 nations interested in trans-Atlantic navigation. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USCGC_Champlain.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of USCGC Champlain on patrol circa mid-1930s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/USCGC_Champlain.png/220px-USCGC_Champlain.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/USCGC_Champlain.png/330px-USCGC_Champlain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/USCGC_Champlain.png/440px-USCGC_Champlain.png 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USCGC_Champlain" title="USCGC Champlain">USCGC <i>Champlain</i></a> on patrol in the mid-1930s</figcaption></figure> <p>The second International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea was convened in London on 16 April 1929. Eighteen nations participated, all of which signed the final act on 31 May 1929. Because of the fear in the United States Senate as a result of ambiguities in Article 54 dealing with control, the 1929 convention was not ratified by the United States until 7 August 1936, and even then the ratification was accompanied by three reservations. At the same time, Congress enacted legislation on 25 June 1936, formally requiring the <a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard" title="Commandant of the Coast Guard">Commandant of the Coast Guard</a> to administer the International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Service (Chap. 807, para. 2 49 USC 1922) and describing in general fashion the manner in which this service was to be performed. With only minor changes, this remains today as the basic Coast Guard authority to operate the International Ice Patrol. Since 1929, there have been three SOLAS conventions (1948, 1960 & 1974). None of these have recommended any basic change affecting the Ice Patrol. </p><p>Every year since 1914, the United States Coast Guard and the International Ice Patrol lay a wreath from a ship or an aircraft at the site of the <i>Titanic</i> disaster on 15 April. The solemn ceremony is attended by the craft's crew and a dedication statement to the <i>Titanic</i> and her fatalities is read.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Ice_Patrol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_(United_States_Coast_Guard).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg/220px-International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg/330px-International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg/440px-International_Ice_Patrol_l_IIP_round_patch_4_%28United_States_Coast_Guard%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>patch <i>International Ice Patrol</i></figcaption></figure> <p>From its inception until the beginning of World War II, the Ice Patrol was conducted from two surface patrol cutters alternating surveillance patrols of the southern ice limits. In 1931 and thereafter a third ship was assigned to Ice Patrol to perform oceanographic observations in the vicinity of the Grand Banks. After World War II, aerial surveillance became the primary ice reconnaissance method with surface patrols phased out except during unusually heavy ice years or extended periods of reduced visibility. Use of the oceanographic vessel continued until 1982, when the Coast Guard's sole remaining oceanographic ship, <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Evergreen" title="USCGC Evergreen">USCGC <i>Evergreen</i></a>, was converted to a medium endurance cutter. The aircraft has distinct advantages for ice reconnaissance providing much greater coverage in a relatively short period of time. </p><p>From 1946 until 1966, the Ice Patrol offices, operations center and reconnaissance aircraft were based at the Coast Guard Air Detachment Argentia, <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</a> during the ice season. </p><p>Due to changing operational commitments and financial constraints the Coast Guard Argentia Air Detachment closed in 1966. Ice Patrol headquarters and operations center moved to <a href="/wiki/Governors_Island,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors Island, New York">Governors Island, New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they remained until October 1983. </p><p>Today the International Ice Patrol is located at the <a href="/wiki/NOAA_Satellite_Operations_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA Satellite Operations Facility">NOAA Satellite Operations Facility</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suitland,_Maryland" title="Suitland, Maryland">Suitland, Maryland</a>. Previously, it was located at the Coast Guard Research and Development Center in <a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London, Connecticut</a>. The ice reconnaissance detachment, usually composed of eleven aircrew and four ice observers flying in an <a href="/wiki/HC-130" class="mw-redirect" title="HC-130">HC-130</a> aircraft, continues to work out of Newfoundland. </p><p>The Ice Patrol disseminates information on icebergs and the limit of all known sea ice via radio broadcast from the U.S. Coast Guard Communications Command (COMMCOM) located in <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake, Virginia</a> via <a href="/wiki/Inmarsat" title="Inmarsat">Inmarsat</a> Safetynet, and <a href="/wiki/Radiofax" title="Radiofax">radio facsimile</a> chart. Ice Patrol information is also available via internet access. 2002 changes to SOLAS requires ships transiting the region guarded by the Ice Patrol to use the services provided during the ice season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aviation_history_of_the_International_Ice_Patrol">Aviation history of the International Ice Patrol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Ice_Patrol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aviation history of the International Ice Patrol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lot_2282-12_(21871433408).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a PB-1G on patrol in 1948, seen from USCGC Mendota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lot_2282-12_%2821871433408%29.jpg/220px-Lot_2282-12_%2821871433408%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lot_2282-12_%2821871433408%29.jpg/330px-Lot_2282-12_%2821871433408%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lot_2282-12_%2821871433408%29.jpg/440px-Lot_2282-12_%2821871433408%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="1977" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/List_of_Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress_variants#PB-1G" title="List of Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress variants">PB-1G</a> on patrol in 1948, seen from <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Mendota_(WHEC-69)" title="USCGC Mendota (WHEC-69)">USCGC <i>Mendota</i> (WHEC-69)</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>6 February 1946 – A <a href="/wiki/PBY_Catalina" class="mw-redirect" title="PBY Catalina">PBY-5A</a> makes the first International Ice Patrol reconnaissance flight.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>24 February 1946 – Two <a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">PB4Y-1s</a> arrive at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Argentia" title="Naval Station Argentia">Naval Station Argentia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Argentia,_Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentia, Newfoundland">Argentia, Newfoundland</a> to become the first dedicated Ice Patrol aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1 July 1946 – First helicopter deployments in International Ice Patrol. An HNS-1 helicopter, <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-4" title="Sikorsky R-4">Sikorsky R-4</a>, CGNR 39047, flew from <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Northwind_(WAGB-282)" title="USCGC Northwind (WAGB-282)">USCGC <i>Northwind</i></a> off the <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> coast.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1947 – A <a href="/wiki/B-17_Flying_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-17 Flying Fortress">PB-1G</a> becomes the Ice Patrol aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1948 – Camera-equipped PB-1G begins an iceberg census off <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a> completed in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1949 – Aircraft become the sole reconnaissance tools for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1956 – Unsuccessful tests to identify icebergs by marking with dye markers, commercial dye, and used motor oil.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1958 – Last ice patrol by a PB-1G.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1959 – <a href="/wiki/C-54_Skymaster" class="mw-redirect" title="C-54 Skymaster">R5Ds</a> replace PB-1Gs.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 1959 – Unsuccessful iceberg demolition experiments with <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thermite" title="Thermite">thermite</a> <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Incendiary bomb">incendiary bombs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 1960 – Unsuccessful iceberg demolition experiments dropping high-explosive bombs from <a href="/wiki/HU-16_Albatross" class="mw-redirect" title="HU-16 Albatross">UF-2G</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>24 May 1962 – First Ice Patrol by <a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">HC-130B</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1963 – R5Ds replaced by Doppler Navigation System equipped HC-130Bs.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1964 – First successful use of Airborne radiation thermometer to detect changes in surface water temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1967 – First use of <a href="/wiki/Microwave_radiometer" title="Microwave radiometer">microwave radiometer</a> to differentiate <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> contacts as ship or iceberg.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>30 April 1970 – The ice reconnaissance detachment moved from Argentia to <a href="/wiki/CFB_Summerside" title="CFB Summerside">CFB Summerside</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1971 – <a href="/wiki/Side_looking_airborne_radar" title="Side looking airborne radar">Side-looking airborne radar</a> (SLAR) evaluation began.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/Inertial_Navigation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertial Navigation System">Inertial Navigation System</a> installed on Ice Patrol aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1973 – The ice reconnaissance detachment moved to <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_International_Airport" title="St. John's International Airport">St. John's International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. John's, Newfoundland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-proceedings_6-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1982 – The ice reconnaissance detachment relocated to <a href="/wiki/CFB_Gander" title="CFB Gander">CFB Gander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gander,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador">Gander, Newfoundland</a>.</li> <li>1989 – The ice reconnaissance detachment moved back to St. John's, Newfoundland.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Ice_Patrol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a>.</li></ul></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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"The Aerial Ice Patrol: No More <i>Titanics</i>s". <i>United States Naval Institute Proceedings</i>: 103–104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+States+Naval+Institute+Proceedings&rft.atitle=The+Aerial+Ice+Patrol%3A+No+More+Titanicss&rft.pages=103-104&rft.date=1976-03&rft.aulast=Osmer&rft.aufirst=Stephen+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Ice+Patrol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319025620/http://uscgaviationhistory.aoptero.org/images/First_Helo_Icebreaker_Deployment.pdf">"First Helo Icebreaker Deployment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Coast Guard Aviation History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uscgaviationhistory.aoptero.org/images/First_Helo_Icebreaker_Deployment.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Helo+Icebreaker+Deployment&rft.pub=U.S.+Coast+Guard+Aviation+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuscgaviationhistory.aoptero.org%2Fimages%2FFirst_Helo_Icebreaker_Deployment.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Ice+Patrol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111214205534/http://uscgaviationhistory.aoptero.org/coldfusion/timeline_srch_1940.cfm">"Timeline Search Results"</a>. U.S. Coast Guard Aviation History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uscgaviationhistory.aoptero.org/coldfusion/timeline_srch_1940.cfm">the original</a> on 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline+Search+Results&rft.pub=U.S.+Coast+Guard+Aviation+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuscgaviationhistory.aoptero.org%2Fcoldfusion%2Ftimeline_srch_1940.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Ice+Patrol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110426130331/http://www.uscg.mil/history/faqs/firstsindex.asp">"U.S. Coast Guard Firsts, Lasts and/or Record Setting Achievements"</a>. United States Coast Guard. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscg.mil/history/faqs/firstsindex.asp">the original</a> on 26 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Coast+Guard+Firsts%2C+Lasts+and%2For+Record+Setting+Achievements&rft.pub=United+States+Coast+Guard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscg.mil%2Fhistory%2Ffaqs%2Ffirstsindex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Ice+Patrol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927150337/http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/USCGPolarIceOpsChron.pdf">"Ice Operations Chronology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United States Coast Guard Historian's Office</i>. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/USCGPolarIceOpsChron.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Coast+Guard+Historian%27s+Office&rft.atitle=Ice+Operations+Chronology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscg.mil%2Fhistory%2Fuscghist%2FUSCGPolarIceOpsChron.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Ice+Patrol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Ice_Patrol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=IIPHome">United States Coast Guard International Ice Patrol Site</a> Official website of the United States Coast Guard International Ice Patrol</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917105329/http://www.uscg-iip.org/FAQ/Org_6.shtml">Paper on the Patrol's Economic Value</a> Article by Clark W. Pritchett on the Economic Value of the International Ice Patrol (September 17th, 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101119093245/http://aoptero.org/index.php">United States Coast Guard Aviation Association, The Ancient Order of the Pterodactyl</a> Website on the Coast Guard Aviation Association, The Ancient Order of The Pterodactyl</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112115415132&seq=1">Coast Guard International Ice Patrol, Public Information Division</a> Book by the United States Coast Guard Headquarters that gives information about the International Ice Patrol in the North Atlantic Ocean (Washington, D.C.: United States Coast Guard, Public Information Division, 1942)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Coast_Guard" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Coast_Guard_navbox" title="Template:US Coast Guard navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Coast_Guard_navbox" title="Template talk:US Coast Guard navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Category:United States Coast Guard">Category:United States Coast Guard</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard" title="Commandant of the Coast Guard">Commandant of the Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard" title="Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard">Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Chief_Petty_Officer_of_the_Coast_Guard" title="Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard">Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Seal_of_the_U.S._Coast_Guard.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_U.S._Coast_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Seal_of_the_U.S._Coast_Guard.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_U.S._Coast_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Seal_of_the_U.S._Coast_Guard.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_U.S._Coast_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="304" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Organization of the United States Coast Guard">Organization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missions_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Missions of the United States Coast Guard">Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Reserve" title="United States Coast Guard Reserve">Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Intelligence" title="Coast Guard Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Investigative_Service" title="Coast Guard Investigative Service">Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Legal_Division" title="United States Coast Guard Legal Division">Legal Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Police" title="United States Coast Guard Police">Police</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard#Regional_responsibilities" title="Organization of the United States Coast Guard">Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard#Regional_responsibilities" title="Organization of the United States Coast Guard">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_sector" title="United States Coast Guard sector">Sectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_stations" title="List of United States Coast Guard stations">Stations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Air_Stations" title="United States Coast Guard Air Stations">Air Stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_radio_stations" title="List of United States Coast Guard radio stations">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Yard" title="United States Coast Guard Yard">Shipbuilding Yard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ice_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="National Ice Center">National Ice Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Research_and_Development_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Coast Guard Research and Development Center">Research and Development Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Auxiliary" title="United States Coast Guard Auxiliary">Coast Guard Auxiliary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel and training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_people" title="List of United States Coast Guard people">Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Coast Guard officer rank insignia">Officer ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_enlisted_ranks" title="List of United States Coast Guard enlisted ranks">Enlisted ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_ratings" title="List of United States Coast Guard ratings">Ratings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Academy" title="United States Coast Guard Academy">Coast Guard Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Training_Center_Cape_May" title="United States Coast Guard Training Center Cape May">Training Center Cape May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_Center_Petaluma" title="Training Center Petaluma">Training Center Petaluma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Training_Center_Yorktown" title="Coast Guard Training Center Yorktown">Training Center Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Law_Enforcement_Academy" title="Maritime Law Enforcement Academy">Maritime Law Enforcement Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Maritime_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Maritime Training Center">Joint Maritime Training Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Aviation_Association" title="Coast Guard Aviation Association">Aviation Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard">Chaplain of the Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_four-star_admirals" title="List of United States Coast Guard four-star admirals">Four-star admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_vice_admirals" title="List of United States Coast Guard vice admirals">Three-star admirals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms and equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Uniforms of the United States Coast Guard">Uniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Coast Guard">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Badges of the United States Coast Guard">Badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Cutter" title="United States Coast Guard Cutter">Cutters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_cutters" title="List of United States Coast Guard cutters">List of cutters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning" title="Ship commissioning">Ship commissioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning#Ship_decommissioning" title="Ship commissioning">Ship decommissioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="List of equipment of the United States Coast Guard">Equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History and traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="History of the United States Coast Guard">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Act" title="Coast Guard Act">Coast Guard Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_City" title="Coast Guard City">Coast Guard City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Life-Saving_Service" title="United States Life-Saving Service">Life-Saving Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Revenue_Cutter_Service" title="United States Revenue Cutter Service">Revenue Cutter Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Lighthouse_Service" title="United States Lighthouse Service">Lighthouse Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamboat_Inspection_Service" title="Steamboat Inspection Service">Steamboat Inspection Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Navigation" title="Bureau of Navigation">Bureau of Navigation</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Semper_Paratus_(march)" title="Semper Paratus (march)">Semper Paratus</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Flag of the United States Coast Guard">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard#Coast_Guard_Ensign" title="United States Coast Guard">Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard#Service_Mark_("Racing_Stripe")" title="United States Coast Guard">Racing Stripe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Band" title="United States Coast Guard Band">United States Coast Guard Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Ceremonial_Honor_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard Ceremonial Honor Guard">United States Coast Guard Ceremonial Honor Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Pipe_Band" title="United States Coast Guard Pipe Band">United States Coast Guard Pipe Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Week" title="Fleet Week">Fleet Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Coast_Guard)" title="Service number (United States Coast Guard)">Coast Guard service numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guardsman" title="Creed of the United States Coast Guardsman">Coast Guardsman's Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Cutters" title="United States Coast Guard Cutters">United States Coast Guard Cutters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Bears" title="Coast Guard Bears">Coast Guard Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARS" title="SPARS">SPARS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Battles and operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_anti-piracy_operations_of_the_United_States" title="West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States">West Indies anti-piracy operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_schooner_Bravo" title="Capture of the schooner Bravo">Capture of the schooner <i>Bravo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingham_incident" title="Ingham incident"><i>Ingham</i> Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Amistad" title="La Amistad"><i>Amistad</i> Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Patrol" title="Great Lakes Patrol">Great Lakes Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Battle of Fort Sumter">Battle of Fort Sumter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pig_Point" title="Battle of Pig Point">Battle of Pig Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galveston_Harbor_(1862)" title="Battle of Galveston Harbor (1862)">Battle of Galveston Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Portland_Harbor" title="Battle of Portland Harbor">Battle of Portland Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Relief_Expedition" title="Overland Relief Expedition">Overland Relief Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay" title="Battle of Manila Bay">Battle of Manila Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Battle of Cárdenas">Battle of Cárdenas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ice Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_operations_during_World_War_I" title="United States Navy operations during World War I">1st Battle of the Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mississippi_Flood_of_1927" title="Great Mississippi Flood of 1927">Great Mississippi Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Patrol" title="Rum Patrol">Rum Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">2nd Battle of the Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Battle of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Squadron_One" title="Coast Guard Squadron One">Coast Guard Squadron One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Time" title="Operation Market Time">Operation Market Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sealords" title="Operation Sealords">Operation Sealords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_1_March_1968" title="Action of 1 March 1968">Action of 1 March 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Persian Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Afghanistan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">Operation Enduring Freedom HOA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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