CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="/_next/static/media/logo-bmj-journals.c2a2899be06382c530c7bc1e5d61e633.svg" /><link rel="preload" as="image" href="/next-resources/logo.svg" /><link rel="preload" as="image" href="/next-resources/search.svg" /><link rel="preload" as="image" href="/next-resources/hamburger-menu.svg" /><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/rss.svg" /><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/x.svg" /><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/facebook.svg" /><link rel="preload" as="image" href="/_next/static/media/bmj-footer-logo.c6e1ad28003cb22dbd978555514ed05c.svg" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/dd1c0c19e0006c4a.css" data-precedence="next" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/85c1b1cd5759b6a4.css" data-precedence="next" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/66ad511738c93f8a.css" data-precedence="next" /><link rel="preload" as="script" fetchPriority="low" href="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-8279bfe1e5fb5dfc.js" /><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1dd3208c-7f75999651337873.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/286-b7674269bd0f8848.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-app-5d89451faab8abb1.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/9af238c7-693cab6698f4b9fe.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/22747d63-441d638379b6d561.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/352-56bb1ff1c46b7de0.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/789-d2923bae8cb39657.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/809-16125a6eb95d024d.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/21-54856eee41e993bd.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/app/pages/%5Bslug%5D/page-c762f0b18afa0d77.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/619-a89c76242bbf01ff.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/app/error-7092c685699531d0.js" async=""></script><link rel="preload" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" as="script" /><link rel="preload" href="https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" as="script" /><title>Topic Collection: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology | BMJ Open Respiratory Research</title><meta name="description" content="The open access companion journal to Thorax, publishing high quality papers in respiratory medicine, critical care, sleep medicine and related areas."/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/><meta name="canonical" content="https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/pages/topic-collection-recent-advances-and-new-perspectives-in-interventional-pulmonology"/><meta name="og:locale" content="en_US"/><meta name="og:type" content="article"/><meta name="og:title" content="Topic Collection: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology | BMJ Open Respiratory Research"/><meta name="og:description" content="The open access companion journal to Thorax, publishing high quality papers in respiratory medicine, critical care, sleep medicine and related areas."/><meta name="og:url" content="https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/pages/topic-collection-recent-advances-and-new-perspectives-in-interventional-pulmonology"/><meta name="og:site_name" content="BMJ Open Respiratory Research"/><meta name="og:image" content="https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2023/04/bmj_logo.jpeg"/><meta name="og:image:width" content="298"/><meta name="og:image:height" content="298"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2023/04/bmj_logo.jpeg"/><meta name="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-05T13:55:22+00:00"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><link rel="canonical" href="/pages/topic-collection-Recent-Advances-and-New-Perspectives-in-Interventional-Pulmonology" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/next-resources/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /><link rel="preload" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" as="script" /><link rel="preconnect dns-prefetch" href="https://analytics.bmj.com" /><link rel="preconnect dns-prefetch" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" /><link rel="preconnect dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn-eu.pagesense.io" /><link rel="preconnect dns-prefetch" href="https://popup.wisepops.com" /><link rel="preconnect dns-prefetch" href="https://www.medtargetsystem.com" /><link rel="preload" href="https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" as="script" /><script src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-78c92fac7aa8fdd8.js" noModule=""></script><script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function parseCookies() { let cookieHeader = document.cookie || ""; let cookies = Object.fromEntries( cookieHeader.split("; ").map((c) => c.split("=")) ); for (let key in cookies) { if (cookies[key] === "undefined") { cookies[key] = undefined; } } return cookies; } function uuidv4() { var d = new Date().getTime(); //Timestamp var d2 = (typeof performance !== "undefined" && performance.now && performance.now() * 1000) || 0; //Time in microseconds since page-load or 0 if unsupported return "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx".replace(/[xy]/g, function (c) { var r = Math.random() * 16; //random number between 0 and 16 if (d > 0) { //Use timestamp until depleted r = (d + r) % 16 | 0; d = Math.floor(d / 16); } else { //Use microseconds since page-load if supported r = (d2 + r) % 16 | 0; d2 = Math.floor(d2 / 16); } return (c === "x" ? r : (r & 0x3) | 0x8).toString(16); }); } function handleCookie() { let cookies = parseCookies(); let bmj_uuid = cookies.bmj_uuid; if (!bmj_uuid) { bmj_uuid = uuidv4(); cookies.bmj_uuid = bmj_uuid; } return { bmj_uuid }; } let { bmj_uuid } = handleCookie(); let bmj_ppid = parseCookies().bmj_ppid; const anonMailId = "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855"; let nonAnonMailId = window.dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.mail === anonMailId ? null : window.dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.mail; let userId = dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.["data-ics"] ?? (dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.mail && nonAnonMailId) ?? bmj_ppid ?? bmj_uuid; document.cookie = "bmj_ppid=" + userId + "; domain=.bmj.com; path=/; max-age=31622400; SameSite=None; Secure"; document.cookie = "bmj_uuid=" + bmj_uuid + "; domain=.bmj.com; path=/; max-age=31622400; SameSite=None; Secure"; var googletag = googletag || { cmd: [] }; googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads().setPublisherProvidedId(userId); googletag.enableServices(); }); window.dataLayer.push({ bmj_uuid: bmj_uuid, }); </script> </head><body><div><div class="border-b-bmj-silver-100 bg-bmj-siver-30 border-b flex items-center justify-center py-3 min-w-[auto] min-h-[100px] md:min-h-[250px]"><div id="div-gpt-ad-3321227-1" data-testid="top-ad-slot" class="flex items-center justify-center w-[auto] h-[100px] md:h-[250px]"></div></div><header class="hidden flex-wrap items-center justify-between px-4 md:flex md:flex-nowrap" data-testid="header-panel"><a href="https://journals.bmj.com" class="py-2 px-0 flex items-center"><img class="h-[42px] w-[154px]" data-testid="bmj-journals-logo" src="/_next/static/media/logo-bmj-journals.c2a2899be06382c530c7bc1e5d61e633.svg" alt="BMJ Journals logo" /></a><nav class="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between md:flex-nowrap"><div data-testid="search-box" class="flex w-72 flex-col bg-white/20 p-2 pr-4 md:w-[343px] md:flex-row md:items-start md:p-0 md:pr-0 undefined"><form role="search" class="flex undefined" action="/search" method="post"><input type="textbox" placeholder="search" title="Search for:" class="border-bmj-silver-100 rounded-0 h-[34px] w-[207px] appearance-none border p-[5px] pl-[10px] align-middle text-[14px] undefined" name="keywords"/><button type="submit" class="bg-bmj-siver-30 border-bmj-silver-100 rounded-0 ml-[-4px] h-[34px] appearance-none border py-[1px] pl-[10px] pr-[12px] text-[13.33px] undefined" name="op">Search</button><input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_1"/></form><div class="flex justify-start pl-[5px] pt-[3px] text-left md:justify-end undefined"><a href="/search" title="Advanced Search" class="decoration-none lg:text-bmj-blue-500 mt-2 flex flex-row text-[12.75px] leading-[normal] md:mt-0 md:flex-col [&>:first-of-type]:mr-1 undefined"><span>Advanced</span><span>search</span></a></div></div></nav></header><div data-testid="page-with-menu" class=" transition-margin-left relative m-0 mx-auto min-h-[512px] w-full min-w-0 duration-300 [&.panel-enter-active]:ml-[-15.625rem] [&.panel-enter-done]:ml-[-15.625rem] [&.panel-enter]:ml-0 [&.panel-exit-active]:ml-0 [&.panel-exit-done]:ml-0 [&.panel-exit]:ml-[-15.625rem]"><div class=""><div data-testid="top-menu-container" role="presentation" class="bg-bmj-primary-brand mx-auto h-[3.5625rem] w-full min-w-0 md:h-[4.375rem]"><nav role="navigation" class="relative m-0 mx-auto flex h-full w-full min-w-0 justify-between pl-4 pr-0"><div class="w-1/2 md:w-1/5 bg-bmj-primary-brand m-0 flex min-w-0 items-center"><a href="/" class="flex h-full w-full items-center"><img data-testid="top-menu-logo" src="/next-resources/logo.svg" alt="logo" class="h-auto w-full" /></a></div><div class=" bg-bmj-primary-brand m-0 flex min-w-0 items-center"><div class="hidden h-full lg:flex"><a class="decoration-none text-4.25 rounded-0 text-bmj-white [&:hover]:md:bg-bmj-white/20 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-0 bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 [&:focus-visible]:outline-none [&:hover]:bg-transparent [&:last-child]:pr-4 [&.is-active]:bg-white/20" href="/content/current" data-testid="166">Latest content</a><a class="decoration-none text-4.25 rounded-0 text-bmj-white [&:hover]:md:bg-bmj-white/20 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-0 bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 [&:focus-visible]:outline-none [&:hover]:bg-transparent [&:last-child]:pr-4 [&.is-active]:bg-white/20" href="/pages/topic-collections" data-testid="315">Topic Collections</a><a class="decoration-none text-4.25 rounded-0 text-bmj-white [&:hover]:md:bg-bmj-white/20 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-0 bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 [&:focus-visible]:outline-none [&:hover]:bg-transparent [&:last-child]:pr-4 [&.is-active]:bg-white/20" href="/content/by/year" data-testid="167">Archive</a><a class="decoration-none text-4.25 rounded-0 text-bmj-white [&:hover]:md:bg-bmj-white/20 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-0 bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 [&:focus-visible]:outline-none [&:hover]:bg-transparent [&:last-child]:pr-4 [&.is-active]:bg-white/20" href="/pages/authors/" data-testid="168">Authors</a><a class="decoration-none text-4.25 rounded-0 text-bmj-white [&:hover]:md:bg-bmj-white/20 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-0 bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 [&:focus-visible]:outline-none [&:hover]:bg-transparent [&:last-child]:pr-4 [&.is-active]:bg-white/20" href="/pages/about/" data-testid="169">About</a></div><div class="flex h-full lg:hidden"><button class=" md:hidden decoration-none text-background rounded-0 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-none bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 text-[4.25] [&:focus-visible]:outline-0 [&:hover]:bg-transparent [&:hover]:md:bg-white/20 [&:last-child]:pr-4"><img src="/next-resources/search.svg" alt="Search" width="36" height="36" /></button><button class=" decoration-none text-background rounded-0 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-none bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 text-[4.25] [&:focus-visible]:outline-0 [&:hover]:bg-transparent [&:hover]:md:bg-white/20 [&:last-child]:pr-4"><img src="/next-resources/hamburger-menu.svg" alt="Menu" width="36" height="36" /></button></div></div></nav></div><main><div><div class="flex justify-between bg-white pt-2 md:mb-10 mb-[24px]"><div><div data-testid="breadcrumbs" class="px-4"><span class="text-bmj-font-color-medium text-sm font-normal not-italic leading-4" data-testid="ancestor-wrapper"><a class="decoration-none text-bmj-blue-600 hover:text-bmj-blue-700 text-sm font-normal no-underline" data-testid="home" href="/">Home</a></span><span class="text-bmj-grey-breadcrumb m-2 text-sm">/</span><span class="text-bmj-font-color-medium text-sm font-normal not-italic leading-4" data-testid="topic collection: recent advances and new perspectives in interventional pulmonology">Topic Collection: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology</span></div></div><a href="https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts&corpusCode=bmjresp&fwdUrl=https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com" class="undefined text-bmj-blue-600 [&:hover]:text-bmj-blue-700 hidden no-underline md:inline-block"><div class="flex"><div class="mr-2 flex"><svg class="text-bmj-primary-brand h-4 w-8" data-testid="envelope-icon" viewBox="0 0 33 22" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1H32V21H1V1Z" fill="white" stroke="currentColor"></path><path d="M31.9 20.8L21 9" stroke="currentColor"></path><path d="M1 20.5L11.8 9" stroke="currentColor"></path><mask id="path-4-inside-1" fill="white"><path d="M0.600098 0.700012L16.6001 13.4L32.4001 0.900012"></path></mask><path d="M16.6001 13.4L15.9784 14.1833L16.5991 14.6759L17.2205 14.1843L16.6001 13.4ZM-0.0216079 1.48326L15.9784 14.1833L17.2218 12.6168L1.2218 -0.0832389L-0.0216079 1.48326ZM17.2205 14.1843L33.0205 1.68426L31.7797 0.115765L15.9796 12.6158L17.2205 14.1843Z" fill="currentColor" mask="url(#path-4-inside-1)"></path></svg></div><span class="mr-4 text-base leading-4" data-testid="email-alerts-link">Email alerts</span></div></a></div><section class="whitespace-pre-wrap pb-12 [&_p]:mb-4"><div class="topic-collection-Recent-Advances-and-New-Perspectives-in-Interventional-Pulmonology"><div class="m-0 mx-auto w-full min-w-0 max-w-[77rem] px-4"><h1 data-testid="sections-page-title" class="mb-5">Topic Collection: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology</h1><div class="border-t-[1px] border-solid border-transparent" data-testid="sections-container-0"><h2 data-testid="sections-section-title" class="relative mb-0 [&>a]:absolute [&>a]:mt-[-20px]">Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology</h2><div class=" text-bmj-silver-800 whitespace-pre-wrap font-normal leading-[1.625rem] mt-0 flex flex-col md:mt-4 md:flex-row [&>div:last-of-type]:pr-0 [&>div]:mt-6 [&>div]:pr-0 [&>div]:md:mt-0 [&>div]:md:pr-4 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:w-full [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:md:w-[75.00%] [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:w-full [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:md:w-[25.00%] " data-testid="sections-subsection-content-container-0"><div data-testid="sections-column-0" class="inline md:inline [&_h2]:mt-0">Interventional pulmonology, a rapidly advancing branch of respiratory medicine, utilizies minimally invasive technologies for diagnosing and treating diverse pulmonary conditions. Innovations have enhanced nodule detection, expanding treatment options and improving outcomes; however, limited evidence underscores the necessity for further research to refine techniques and reinforce recommendations. This Topic Collection aims to promote innovations, evidence-based practice and highlight future perspectives in the field of interventional pulmonology. <b>Submissions Open | Submission Deadline: 6th January 2025</b></div><div data-testid="sections-column-1" class="inline md:inline [&_h2]:mt-0"><a href="https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bmjresp"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-305" src="/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2024/02/BMJORR-Submit-button-449-×-92px-300x61.png" alt="" width="300" height="61" /></a></div></div></div><div class="border-t-[1px] border-solid border-bmj-silver-100 mt-4" data-testid="sections-container-1"><h2 data-testid="sections-section-title" class="relative mb-0 [&>a]:absolute [&>a]:mt-[-20px]">Guest Editors</h2><div class=" text-bmj-silver-800 whitespace-pre-wrap font-normal leading-[1.625rem] mt-0 flex flex-col md:mt-4 md:flex-row [&>div:last-of-type]:pr-0 [&>div]:mt-6 [&>div]:pr-0 [&>div]:md:mt-0 [&>div]:md:pr-4 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:w-full [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:md:w-[50.00%] [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:w-full [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:md:w-[50.00%] " data-testid="sections-subsection-content-container-0"><div data-testid="sections-column-0" class="inline md:inline [&_h2]:mt-0"><b>Francesco Salton</b> <span style="font-weight: 400;">University of Trieste</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Trieste, Italy</span> <a href="https://orcid.org"><img src="https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo" width="16" height="16" hspace="4" /></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0864-9766"><span style="font-weight: 400;">orcid.org/0000-0002-0864-9766</span></a> <b>Nicolò Reccardini</b> <span style="font-weight: 400;">University of Trieste</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Trieste, Italy</span> <a href="https://orcid.org"><img src="https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo" width="16" height="16" hspace="4" /></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5792-3655"><span style="font-weight: 400;">orcid.org/0009-0004-5792-3655</span></a></div><div data-testid="sections-column-1" class="inline md:inline [&_h2]:mt-0"><b>Lucrezia Mondini</b> <span style="font-weight: 400;">University of Trieste</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Trieste, Italy</span> <a href="https://orcid.org"><img src="https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo" width="16" height="16" hspace="4" /></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-9639">orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-9639</a> <b>Barbara Ruaro</b> University of Trieste Trieste, Italy <a href="https://orcid.org"><img src="https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo" width="16" height="16" hspace="4" /></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-859X"><span style="font-weight: 400;">orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-859X</span></a>  </div></div></div><div class="border-t-[1px] border-solid border-bmj-silver-100 mt-4" data-testid="sections-container-2"><div class=" text-bmj-silver-800 whitespace-pre-wrap font-normal leading-[1.625rem] mt-0 flex flex-col md:mt-4 md:flex-row [&>div:last-of-type]:pr-0 [&>div]:mt-6 [&>div]:pr-0 [&>div]:md:mt-0 [&>div]:md:pr-4 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:w-full [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:md:w-[100.00%] " data-testid="sections-subsection-content-container-0"><div data-testid="sections-column-0" class="inline md:inline [&_h2]:mt-0"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Interventional pulmonology stands as a rapidly evolving field within respiratory medicine, showcasing increasingly refined and minimally invasive technologies for diagnosing and treating a broad range of pulmonary conditions.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">In recent decades, the advent of sophisticated and less intrusive methods such as endobronchial ultrasound, robotic bronchoscopy, navigation platforms, and advanced imaging techniques has enabled the detection of ever-smaller peripheral nodules. This has translated into improved prospects for early treatment and enhanced survival rates, also thanks to the availability of new tailored therapeutic approaches.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">The role of bronchoscopy in addressing both benign and malignant central airway obstructions has expanded, complemented by the development of interventional therapies for chronic conditions like asthma and emphysema.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">A gradual shift away from invasive thoracic surgery has been observed in the field of interstitial lung diseases, with transbronchial lung cryobiopsy now recognized as a viable alternative to surgical lung biopsy, as endorsed by the latest guidelines.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Moreover, pleural procedures for diagnosing and managing pleural diseases have become more widespread, encompassing medical thoracoscopy, pleural drainages, thoracenteses, and ultrasound-guided transthoracic biopsies.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">However, despite the promising strides and growing significance of interventional pulmonology, recommendations often hinge on evidence of moderate to low certainty due to a dearth of large-scale, randomized controlled studies. Thus, there is a pressing need to prioritize research endeavours aimed at reinforcing and refining current applications of interventional pulmonology, while also paving the way for future perspectives and techniques.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">The primary aim of this Topic Collection is to highlight the most notable innovations in respiratory system diagnostics and management. Additionally, it seeks to stimulate fresh research in the domain of interventional pulmonology, with a specific focus on innovative, evidence-based, and personalized diagnostic and therapeutic tools. </span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Acknowledging the crucial contribution of research to the advancement of the field, BMJ Open Respiratory Research invites submissions of trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses exploring novel applications and techniques in interventional pulmonology.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">We welcome submissions including but not limited to:</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Flexible bronchoscopy techniques</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rigid bronchoscopy techniques</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Robotic bronchoscopy</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Endoscopic management of peripheral lung nodules</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lung volume reduction</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Advanced imaging and navigation techniques</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Medical thoracoscopy</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pleural procedures</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Endobronchial ultrasonography</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Right-heart catheterization</span></li> </ul></div></div><div class=" text-bmj-silver-800 whitespace-pre-wrap font-normal leading-[1.625rem] mt-0 flex flex-col md:mt-4 md:flex-row [&>div:last-of-type]:pr-0 [&>div]:mt-6 [&>div]:pr-0 [&>div]:md:mt-0 [&>div]:md:pr-4 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:w-full [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:md:w-[100.00%] " data-testid="sections-subsection-content-container-1"><div data-testid="sections-column-0" class="inline md:inline [&_h2]:mt-0"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Please see the instructions for authors for submission requirements for each article type. To submit your article, please follow these instructions and select </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">‘</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">’ </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">as the Topic Collection. </span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">All submitted articles will be subject to the journal's normal </span><a href="/pages/authors#provenance_and_peer_review"><span style="font-weight: 400;">peer review process</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. The Editor in Chief is responsible for the content of this Topic Collection. Guest Editors will manage peer review, invite reviewers and make a recommendation, but the final decision on all manuscripts will be made by the Editor-in-Chief.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Articles accepted for publication will be published upon acceptance. Visit our </span><a href="https://authors.bmj.com/before-you-submit/topic-collections/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">author hub</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> for more information regarding the publication process for topic collections. </span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Authors submitting to this Topic Collection are entitled to a 25% discount on the </span><a href="https://bmjopenrespressite-bmj.vercel.app/pages/authors#article_publishing_charges"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Article Processing Charge</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Discount is available upon request to </span><a href="mailto:info.bmjresp@bmj.com"><span style="font-weight: 400;">info.bmjresp@bmj.com</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">A number of institutions have an open access agreement with BMJ where the full cost of publishing can be covered; please view the</span> <a href="https://authors.bmj.com/open-access/oa-agreements/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">list of institutions</span></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">to which this applies. BMJ also offers full waivers for authors based in low income countries; please see further information on our </span><a href="https://authors.bmj.com/open-access/fees-discounts/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">waivers and discounts policy</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">For any inquiries regarding this topic collection, please contact </span><a href="mailto:topic.collections@bmj.com"><span style="font-weight: 400;">topic.collections@bmj.com</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Keywords: </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Interventional pulmonology; bronchoscopy; medical thoracoscopy; pleural drainage; cryobiopsy; right heart catheterization; bronchial thermoplasty; laser; lung volume reduction; robotic bronchoscopy; cone-beam CT; EBUS; rEBUS</span></i></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></main></div></div><footer><div class="border-bmj-silver-100 border-t-solid m-0 ml-auto mr-auto flex w-full min-w-0 flex-wrap gap-4 border border-b-0 border-l-0 border-r-0 pl-4 pr-4"><a class="my-4" href="https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/" data-testid="association-logo-1-link" aria-label="BTS"><img data-testid="association-logo-1" title="BTS" alt="link to the website of the British Thoracic Society" loading="lazy" width="90" height="90" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2Fsociety-logo-bts.png&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2Fsociety-logo-bts.png&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2Fsociety-logo-bts.png&w=256&q=75" /></a><a class="my-4" href="https://www.sleepsociety.org.uk/" data-testid="association-logo-2-link" aria-label="BSS"><img data-testid="association-logo-2" title="BSS" alt="link to the British Sleep Society website" loading="lazy" width="90" height="113" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2FBSS_logo-only-e1528974182457.jpg&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2FBSS_logo-only-e1528974182457.jpg&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2FBSS_logo-only-e1528974182457.jpg&w=256&q=75" /></a><a class="my-4" href="https://arns.co.uk/" data-testid="association-logo-3-link" aria-label="ARNS"><img data-testid="association-logo-3" title="ARNS" alt="link to the Association of Respiratory Nurse Specialists website" loading="lazy" width="112" height="90" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2Fimage-1-1.png&w=128&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2Fimage-1-1.png&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2Fimage-1-1.png&w=256&q=75" /></a><a class="my-4" href="https://www.balr.co.uk/" data-testid="association-logo-4-link" aria-label="BALR"><img data-testid="association-logo-4" title="BALR" alt="link to the British Association for Lung Research website" loading="lazy" width="250" height="78" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2FBALR_final-scaled-e1590770088581.jpg&w=256&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2FBALR_final-scaled-e1590770088581.jpg&w=640&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbmjopenrespres.bmj.com%2Fbmjopenrespres%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F49%2F2023%2F03%2FBALR_final-scaled-e1590770088581.jpg&w=640&q=75" /></a></div><div class="bg-bmj-primary-brand text-bmj-white m-0 mx-auto flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col px-4 md:flex-row"><div data-testid="footer-content" class="md:border-b-none [&:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8"><span class="mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4">CONTENT</span><ul class="ml-0 mb-4 pl-0"><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/content/current">Latest content</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/content/by/year">Archive</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/browse-by-collection">Browse by collection</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/top-cited-articles/">Top cited articles</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/most-read-articles/">Most read articles</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/sleep-highlights">Highlights from Sleep Research</a></li></ul><div class="flex"><a href="/pages/rss-feeds" data-testid="rss" class="[&>img]:m-[2px] [&>img]:p-[4px] [&>img]:hover:bg-white/20"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/rss.svg" alt="rss-icon" width="35" height="35" /></a><a href="https://twitter.com/BMJOpen_Resp" data-testid="x" class="[&>img]:m-[2px] [&>img]:p-[4px] [&>img]:hover:bg-white/20"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/x.svg" alt="x-icon" width="35" height="35" /></a><a href="https://facebook.com/bmjopen.respiratory/" data-testid="facebook" class="[&>img]:m-[2px] [&>img]:p-[4px] [&>img]:hover:bg-white/20"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/facebook.svg" alt="facebook-icon" width="35" height="35" /></a></div></div><div data-testid="footer-journal" class="md:border-b-none [&:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8"><span class="mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4">JOURNAL</span><ul class="ml-0 mb-4 pl-0"><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/about/">About</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/editorial-board/">Editorial board</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts&corpusCode=bmjresp&fwdUrl=https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/">Sign up for email alerts</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/thank-you-to-our-reviewers/">Thank you to our reviewers</a></li></ul><div class="flex"></div></div><div data-testid="footer-authors" class="md:border-b-none [&:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8"><span class="mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4">AUTHORS</span><ul class="ml-0 mb-4 pl-0"><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bmjresp">Submit an article</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/authors/">Instructions for authors</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="http://authors.bmj.com/policies/">Editorial policies</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="http://openaccess.bmj.com/">Open access at BMJ</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/faqs/">FAQs</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/policies/">Policies</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="http://authors.bmj.com/">BMJ Author Hub</a></li></ul><div class="flex"></div></div><div data-testid="footer-help" class="md:border-b-none [&:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8"><span class="mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4">HELP</span><ul class="ml-0 mb-4 pl-0"><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/contact-us/">Contact us</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="http://journals.bmj.com/cgi/reprintform">Reprints</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/permissions">Permissions</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="http://www.bmj.com/company/for-advertisers-and-sponsor/">Advertising</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="http://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/customerservice/salesforce-form.html">Feedback form</a></li></ul><div class="flex"></div></div></div><div class="justify-normal m-0 mx-auto flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col px-4 pt-4 md:flex-row md:justify-between"><div class="relative h-[35px] w-[60px]"><a data-testid="bmj-footer-logo-link" href="https://www.bmj.com/company/"><img src="/_next/static/media/bmj-footer-logo.c6e1ad28003cb22dbd978555514ed05c.svg" alt="bmj-footer-logo" height="35" /></a></div><div data-testid="copyright-data-wrapper" class="flex flex-col items-start md:items-end [&>:first-of-type]:mt-0 [&>span:nth-of-type(2)]:whitespace-normal"><a data-testid="website-terms-and-conditions" href="https://www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/" class="decoration-none text-bmj-normal text-bmj-blue-500 [&:hover]:decoration-none [&:hover]:text-bmj-primary-brand mb-2 [&&&]:mt-2 [&&&]:md:mt-0">Website Terms & Conditions</a><a data-testid="privacy-and-cookies" href="https://www.bmj.com/company/your-privacy/" class="decoration-none text-bmj-normal text-bmj-blue-500 [&:hover]:decoration-none [&:hover]:text-bmj-primary-brand mb-2 [&&&]:mt-2 [&&&]:md:mt-0">Privacy & Cookies</a><a data-testid="contact-bmj" href="https://www.bmj.com/company/contact-us/" class="decoration-none text-bmj-normal text-bmj-blue-500 [&:hover]:decoration-none [&:hover]:text-bmj-primary-brand mb-2 [&&&]:mt-2 [&&&]:md:mt-0">Contact BMJ</a><a href="#!" data-testid="cookie-settings" id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings decoration-none !mt:0 mb-2 cursor-pointer !border !border-[#43791A] !bg-transparent px-2 py-1 !text-[0.875rem] !text-[#43791A] duration-100 ease-linear md:mb-0 [&:hover]:!bg-[#43791A] [&:hover]:!text-white">Cookie settings</a><span data-testid="online-issn" class="text-bmj-silver-800 whitespace-pre text-sm leading-normal [&&&]:mt-2">Online ISSN: 2052-4439</span><span data-testid="copyright" class="text-bmj-silver-800 mb-2 mt-2 whitespace-pre text-[0.875rem]">Copyright © 2024 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & British Thoracic Society. All rights reserved.</span></div></div></footer><div class="border-t-divider bg-bmj-siver-30 border-t flex items-center justify-center py-3 min-w-[auto] min-h-[100px] md:min-h-[250px]"><div id="div-gpt-ad-3321227-2" data-testid="bottom-ad-slot" class="flex items-center justify-center w-[auto] h-[100px] md:h-[250px]"></div></div></div><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-8279bfe1e5fb5dfc.js" async=""></script><script>(self.__next_f=self.__next_f||[]).push([0]);self.__next_f.push([2,null])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1:HL[\"/_next/static/css/dd1c0c19e0006c4a.css\",\"style\"]\n2:HL[\"/_next/static/css/85c1b1cd5759b6a4.css\",\"style\"]\n3:HL[\"/_next/static/css/66ad511738c93f8a.css\",\"style\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4:I[9562,[],\"\"]\n7:I[8703,[],\"\"]\n9:I[3751,[],\"\"]\nc:I[1395,[],\"\"]\n8:[\"slug\",\"topic-collection-Recent-Advances-and-New-Perspectives-in-Interventional-Pulmonology\",\"d\"]\nd:[]\n0:[[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/_next/static/css/dd1c0c19e0006c4a.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"1\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/_next/static/css/85c1b1cd5759b6a4.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"2\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/_next/static/css/66ad511738c93f8a.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\"}]],[\"$\",\"$L4\",null,{\"buildId\":\"uJxfWLMX0jmyW8LltsdXO\",\"assetPrefix\":\"\",\"initialCanonicalUrl\":\"/pages/topic-collection-Recent-Advances-and-New-Perspectives-in-Interventional-Pulmonology\",\"initialTree\":[\"\",{\"children\":[\"pages\",{\"children\":[[\"slug\",\"topic-collection-Recent-Advances-and-New-Perspectives-in-Interventional-Pulmonology\",\"d\"],{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{}]}]}]},\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",true],\"initialSeedData\":[\"\",{\"children\":[\"pages\",{\"children\":[[\"slug\",\"topic-collection-Recent-Advances-and-New-Perspectives-in-Interventional-Pulmonology\",\"d\"],{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{},[[\"$L5\",\"$L6\"],null],null]},[\"$\",\"$L7\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\",\"pages\",\"children\",\"$8\",\"children\"],\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L9\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"notFoundStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"styles\":null}],null]},[\"$\",\"$L7\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\",\"pages\",\"children\"],\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L9\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"notFoundStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"styles\":null}],null]},[\"$La\",null],null],\"couldBeIntercepted\":false,\"initialHead\":[false,\"$Lb\"],\"globalErrorComponent\":\"$c\",\"missingSlots\":\"$Wd\"}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e:\"$Sreact.fragment\"\nf:I[6021,[\"611\",\"static/chunks/9af238c7-693cab6698f4b9fe.js\",\"431\",\"static/chunks/22747d63-441d638379b6d561.js\",\"352\",\"static/chunks/352-56bb1ff1c46b7de0.js\",\"789\",\"static/chunks/789-d2923bae8cb39657.js\",\"809\",\"static/chunks/809-16125a6eb95d024d.js\",\"21\",\"static/chunks/21-54856eee41e993bd.js\",\"341\",\"static/chunks/app/pages/%5Bslug%5D/page-c762f0b18afa0d77.js\"],\"SectionsPage\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b:[[\"$\",\"meta\",\"0\",{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"1\",{\"charSet\":\"utf-8\"}],[\"$\",\"title\",\"2\",{\"children\":\"Topic Collection: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology | BMJ Open Respiratory Research\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"3\",{\"name\":\"description\",\"content\":\"The open access companion journal to Thorax, publishing high quality papers in respiratory medicine, critical care, sleep medicine and related areas.\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"4\",{\"name\":\"robots\",\"content\":\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"5\",{\"name\":\"canonical\",\"content\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/pages/topic-collection-recent-advances-and-new-perspectives-in-interventional-pulmonology\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"6\",{\"name\":\"og:locale\",\"content\":\"en_US\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"7\",{\"name\":\"og:type\",\"content\":\"article\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"8\",{\"name\":\"og:title\",\"content\":\"Topic Collection: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology | BMJ Open Respiratory Research\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"9\",{\"name\":\"og:description\",\"content\":\"The open access companion journal to Thorax, publishing high quality papers in respiratory medicine, critical care, sleep medicine and related areas.\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"10\",{\"name\":\"og:url\",\"content\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/pages/topic-collection-recent-advances-and-new-perspectives-in-interventional-pulmonology\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"11\",{\"name\":\"og:site_name\",\"content\":\"BMJ Open Respiratory Research\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"12\",{\"name\":\"og:image\",\"content\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2023/04/bmj_logo.jpeg\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"13\",{\"name\":\"og:image:width\",\"content\":\"298\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"14\",{\"name\":\"og:image:height\",\"content\":\"298\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"15\",{\"name\":\"twitter:image\",\"content\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2023/04/bmj_logo.jpeg\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"16\",{\"name\":\"article:modified_time\",\"content\":\"2024-11-05T13:55:22+00:00\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"17\",{\"name\":\"twitter:card\",\"content\":\"summary_large_image\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"18\",{\"rel\":\"canonical\",\"href\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/pages/topic-collection-Recent-Advances-and-New-Perspectives-in-Interventional-Pulmonology\"}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5:null\n10:Tfda,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eInterventional pulmonology stands as a rapidly evolving field within respiratory medicine, showcasing increasingly refined and minimally invasive technologies for diagnosing and treating a broad range of pulmonary conditions.\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIn recent decades, the advent of sophisticated and less intrusive methods such as endobronchial ultrasound, robotic bronchoscopy, navigation platforms, and advanced imaging techniques has enabled the detection of ever-smaller peripheral nodules. This has translated into improved prospects for early treatment and enhanced survival rates, also thanks to the availability of new tailored therapeutic approaches.\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe role of bronchoscopy in addressing both benign and malignant central airway obstructions has expanded, complemented by the development of interventional therapies for chronic conditions like asthma and emphysema.\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eA gradual shift away from invasive thoracic surgery has been observed in the field of interstitial lung diseases, with transbronchial lung cryobiopsy now recognized as a viable alternative to surgical lung biopsy, as endorsed by the latest guidelines.\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eMoreover, pleural procedures for diagnosing and managing pleural diseases have become more widespread, encompassing medical thoracoscopy, pleural drainages, thoracenteses, and ultrasound-guided transthoracic biopsies.\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eHowever, despite the promising strides and growing significance of interventional pulmonology, recommendations often hinge on evidence of moderate to low certainty due to a dearth of large-scale, randomized controlled studies. Thus, there is a pressing need to prioritize research endeavours aimed at reinforcing and refining current applications of interventional pulmonology, while also paving the way for future perspectives and techniques.\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe primary aim of this Topic Collection is to highlight the most notable innovations in respiratory system diagnostics and management. Additionally, it seeks to stimulate fresh research in the domain of interventional pulmonology, with a specific focus on innovative, evidence-based, and personalized diagnostic and therapeutic tools. \u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAcknowledging the crucial contribution of research to the advancement of the field, BMJ Open Respiratory Research invites submissions of trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses exploring novel applications and techniques in interventional pulmonology.\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eWe welcome submissions including but not limited to:\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eFlexible bronchoscopy techniques\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRigid bronchoscopy techniques\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRobotic bronchoscopy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEndoscopic management of peripheral lung nodules\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eLung volume reduction\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAdvanced imaging and navigation techniques\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eMedical thoracoscopy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ePleural procedures\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEndobronchial ultrasonography\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRight-heart catheterization\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"11:Tc1b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ePlease see the instructions for authors for submission requirements for each article type. To submit your article, please follow these instructions and select \u003c/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e‘\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRecent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology\u003c/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e’ \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eas the Topic Collection. \u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAll submitted articles will be subject to the journal's normal \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/pages/authors#provenance_and_peer_review\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003epeer review process\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e. The Editor in Chief is responsible for the content of this Topic Collection. Guest Editors will manage peer review, invite reviewers and make a recommendation, but the final decision on all manuscripts will be made by the Editor-in-Chief.\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eArticles accepted for publication will be published upon acceptance. Visit our \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://authors.bmj.com/before-you-submit/topic-collections/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eauthor hub\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e for more information regarding the publication process for topic collections. \u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAuthors submitting to this Topic Collection are entitled to a 25% discount on the \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://bmjopenrespressite-bmj.vercel.app/pages/authors#article_publishing_charges\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eArticle Processing Charge\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e. Discount is available upon request to \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:info.bmjresp@bmj.com\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003einfo.bmjresp@bmj.com\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eA number of institutions have an open access agreement with BMJ where the full cost of publishing can be covered; please view the\u003c/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://authors.bmj.com/open-access/oa-agreements/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003elist of institutions\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eto which this applies. BMJ also offers full waivers for authors based in low income countries; please see further information on our \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://authors.bmj.com/open-access/fees-discounts/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ewaivers and discounts policy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eFor any inquiries regarding this topic collection, please contact \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:topic.collections@bmj.com\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003etopic.collections@bmj.com\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eKeywords: \u003c/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eInterventional pulmonology; bronchoscopy; medical thoracoscopy; pleural drainage; cryobiopsy; right heart catheterization; bronchial thermoplasty; laser; lung volume reduction; robotic bronchoscopy; cone-beam CT; EBUS; rEBUS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6:[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex justify-between bg-white pt-2 md:mb-10 mb-[24px]\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"breadcrumbs\",\"className\":\"px-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$e\",\"/\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-font-color-medium text-sm font-normal not-italic leading-4\",\"data-testid\":\"ancestor-wrapper\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"decoration-none text-bmj-blue-600 hover:text-bmj-blue-700 text-sm font-normal no-underline\",\"data-testid\":\"home\",\"href\":\"/\",\"children\":\"Home\"}]}],[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-grey-breadcrumb m-2 text-sm\",\"children\":\"/\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-font-color-medium text-sm font-normal not-italic leading-4\",\"data-testid\":\"topic collection: recent advances and new perspectives in interventional pulmonology\",\"children\":\"Topic Collection: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology\"}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts\u0026corpusCode=bmjresp\u0026fwdUrl=https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com\",\"className\":\"undefined text-bmj-blue-600 [\u0026:hover]:text-bmj-blue-700 hidden no-underline md:inline-block\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mr-2 flex\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-primary-brand h-4 w-8\",\"data-testid\":\"envelope-icon\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 33 22\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 1H32V21H1V1Z\",\"fill\":\"white\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M31.9 20.8L21 9\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 20.5L11.8 9\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"mask\",null,{\"id\":\"path-4-inside-1\",\"fill\":\"white\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M0.600098 0.700012L16.6001 13.4L32.4001 0.900012\"}]}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M16.6001 13.4L15.9784 14.1833L16.5991 14.6759L17.2205 14.1843L16.6001 13.4ZM-0.0216079 1.48326L15.9784 14.1833L17.2218 12.6168L1.2218 -0.0832389L-0.0216079 1.48326ZM17.2205 14.1843L33.0205 1.68426L31.7797 0.115765L15.9796 12.6158L17.2205 14.1843Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"mask\":\"url(#path-4-inside-1)\"}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"mr-4 text-base leading-4\",\"data-testid\":\"email-alerts-link\",\"children\":\"Email alerts\"}]]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"title\":\"Topic Collection: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology\",\"sections\":[{\"sectionTitle\":\"Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology\",\"subsections\":[{\"columnsContent\":[\"Interventional pulmonology, a rapidly advancing branch of respiratory medicine, utilizies minimally invasive technologies for diagnosing and treating diverse pulmonary conditions. Innovations have enhanced nodule detection, expanding treatment options and improving outcomes; however, limited evidence underscores the necessity for further research to refine techniques and reinforce recommendations.\\r\\n\\r\\nThis Topic Collection aims to promote innovations, evidence-based practice and highlight future perspectives in the field of interventional pulmonology.\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003cb\u003eSubmissions Open | Submission Deadline: 6th January 2025\u003c/b\u003e\",\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bmjresp\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-305\\\" src=\\\"https://bmjjournals-chicken.bmj.com/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2024/02/BMJORR-Submit-button-449-×-92px-300x61.png\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"300\\\" height=\\\"61\\\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"],\"layoutType\":\"G\"}]},{\"sectionTitle\":\"Guest Editors\",\"subsections\":[{\"columnsContent\":[\"\u003cb\u003eFrancesco Salton\u003c/b\u003e\\r\\n\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\"\u003eUniversity of Trieste\u003c/span\u003e\\r\\n\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\"\u003eTrieste, Italy\u003c/span\u003e\\r\\n\u003ca href=\\\"https://orcid.org\\\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\\\"https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png\\\" alt=\\\"ORCID logo\\\" width=\\\"16\\\" height=\\\"16\\\" hspace=\\\"4\\\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0864-9766\\\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\"\u003eorcid.org/0000-0002-0864-9766\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003cb\u003eNicolò Reccardini\u003c/b\u003e\\r\\n\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\"\u003eUniversity of Trieste\u003c/span\u003e\\r\\n\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\"\u003eTrieste, Italy\u003c/span\u003e\\r\\n\u003ca href=\\\"https://orcid.org\\\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\\\"https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png\\\" alt=\\\"ORCID logo\\\" width=\\\"16\\\" height=\\\"16\\\" hspace=\\\"4\\\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5792-3655\\\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\"\u003eorcid.org/0009-0004-5792-3655\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"\u003cb\u003eLucrezia Mondini\u003c/b\u003e\\r\\n\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\"\u003eUniversity of Trieste\u003c/span\u003e\\r\\n\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\"\u003eTrieste, Italy\u003c/span\u003e\\r\\n\u003ca href=\\\"https://orcid.org\\\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\\\"https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png\\\" alt=\\\"ORCID logo\\\" width=\\\"16\\\" height=\\\"16\\\" hspace=\\\"4\\\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-9639\\\"\u003eorcid.org/0000-0002-7043-9639\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003cb\u003eBarbara Ruaro\u003c/b\u003e\\r\\nUniversity of Trieste\\r\\nTrieste, Italy\\r\\n\u003ca href=\\\"https://orcid.org\\\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\\\"https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png\\\" alt=\\\"ORCID logo\\\" width=\\\"16\\\" height=\\\"16\\\" hspace=\\\"4\\\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-859X\\\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\"\u003eorcid.org/0000-0001-8990-859X\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"],\"layoutType\":\"B\"}]},{\"sectionTitle\":null,\"subsections\":[{\"columnsContent\":[\"$10\"],\"layoutType\":\"A\"},{\"columnsContent\":[\"$11\"],\"layoutType\":\"A\"}]}],\"seoMetadata\":[{\"key\":\"title\",\"property\":\"title\",\"content\":\"Topic Collection: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology | BMJ Open Respiratory Research\"},{\"key\":\"robots\",\"property\":\"robots\",\"content\":\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\"},{\"key\":\"canonical\",\"property\":\"canonical\",\"content\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/pages/topic-collection-recent-advances-and-new-perspectives-in-interventional-pulmonology\"},{\"key\":\"og_locale\",\"property\":\"og:locale\",\"content\":\"en_US\"},{\"key\":\"og_type\",\"property\":\"og:type\",\"content\":\"article\"},{\"key\":\"og_title\",\"property\":\"og:title\",\"content\":\"Topic Collection: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology | BMJ Open Respiratory Research\"},{\"key\":\"og_description\",\"property\":\"og:description\",\"content\":\"The open access companion journal to Thorax, publishing high quality papers in respiratory medicine, critical care, sleep medicine and related areas.\"},{\"key\":\"description\",\"name\":\"description\",\"content\":\"The open access companion journal to Thorax, publishing high quality papers in respiratory medicine, critical care, sleep medicine and related areas.\"},{\"key\":\"og_url\",\"property\":\"og:url\",\"content\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/pages/topic-collection-recent-advances-and-new-perspectives-in-interventional-pulmonology\"},{\"key\":\"og_site_name\",\"property\":\"og:site_name\",\"content\":\"BMJ Open Respiratory Research\"},{\"key\":\"og_image\",\"property\":\"og:image\",\"content\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2023/04/bmj_logo.jpeg\"},{\"key\":\"og_image_width\",\"property\":\"og:image:width\",\"content\":298},{\"key\":\"og_image_height\",\"property\":\"og:image:height\",\"content\":298},{\"key\":\"twitter_image\",\"property\":\"twitter:image\",\"content\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2023/04/bmj_logo.jpeg\"},{\"key\":\"article_modified_time\",\"property\":\"article:modified_time\",\"content\":\"2024-11-05T13:55:22+00:00\"},{\"key\":\"twitter_card\",\"property\":\"twitter:card\",\"content\":\"summary_large_image\"}],\"breadcrumbs\":[{\"pageName\":\"Home\",\"url\":\"/pages/\"},{\"pageName\":\"Topic Collection: Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Interventional Pulmonology\",\"url\":\"$undefined\"}],\"className\":\"topic-collection-Recent-Advances-and-New-Perspectives-in-Interventional-Pulmonology\"}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"12:I[5327,[\"611\",\"static/chunks/9af238c7-693cab6698f4b9fe.js\",\"431\",\"static/chunks/22747d63-441d638379b6d561.js\",\"352\",\"static/chunks/352-56bb1ff1c46b7de0.js\",\"789\",\"static/chunks/789-d2923bae8cb39657.js\",\"809\",\"static/chunks/809-16125a6eb95d024d.js\",\"21\",\"static/chunks/21-54856eee41e993bd.js\",\"341\",\"static/chunks/app/pages/%5Bslug%5D/page-c762f0b18afa0d77.js\"],\"\"]\n13:I[3792,[\"611\",\"static/chunks/9af238c7-693cab6698f4b9fe.js\",\"431\",\"static/chunks/22747d63-441d638379b6d561.js\",\"352\",\"static/chunks/352-56bb1ff1c46b7de0.js\",\"789\",\"static/chunks/789-d2923bae8cb39657.js\",\"809\",\"static/chunks/809-16125a6eb95d024d.js\",\"21\",\"static/chunks/21-54856eee41e993bd.js\",\"341\",\"static/chunks/app/pages/%5Bslug%5D/page-c762f0b18afa0d77.js\"],\"AdsScript\"]\n14:I[5097,[\"611\",\"static/chunks/9af238c7-693cab6698f4b9fe.js\",\"431\",\"static/chunks/22747d63-441d638379b6d561.js\",\"352\",\"static/chunks/352-56bb1ff1c46b7de0.js\",\"789\",\"static/chunks/789-d2923bae8cb39657.js\",\"809\",\"static/chunks/809-16125a6eb95d024d.js\",\"21\",\"static/chunks/21-54856eee41e993bd.js\",\"341\",\"static/chunks/app/pages/%5Bslug%5D/page-c762f0b18afa0d77.js\"],\"Script\"]\n15:I[4087,[\"611\",\"static/chunks/9af238c7-693cab6698f4b9fe.js\",\"431\",\"static/chunks/22747d63-441d638379b6d561.js\",\"352\",\"static/chunks/352-56bb1ff1c46b7de0.js\",\"789\",\"static/chunks/789-d2923bae8cb39657.js\",\"809\",\"static/chunks/809-16125a6eb95d024d.js\",\"21\",\"static/chunks/21-54856eee41e993bd.js\",\"341\",\"static/chunks/app/pages/%5Bslug%5D/page-c762f0b18afa0d77.js\"],\"PageWithMenu\"]\n16:I[37,[\"611\",\"static/chunks/9af238c7-693cab6698f4b9fe.js\",\"431\",\"static/chunks/22747d63-441d638379b6d561.js\",\"352\",\"static/chunks/352-56bb1ff1c46b7de0.js\",\"619\",\"static/chunks/619-a89c76242bbf01ff.js\",\"809\",\"static/chunks/809-16125a6eb95d024d.js\",\"601\",\"static/chunks/app/error-7092c685699531d0.js\"],\"default\"]\n18:I[5097,[\"611\",\"static/chunks/9af238c7-693cab6698f4b9fe.js\",\"431\",\"static/chunks/22747d63-441d638379b6d561.js\",\"352\",\"static/chunks/352-56bb1ff1c46b7de0.js\",\"789\",\"static/chunks/789-d2923bae8cb39657.js\",\"809\",\"static/chunks/809-16125a"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6eb95d024d.js\",\"21\",\"static/chunks/21-54856eee41e993bd.js\",\"341\",\"static/chunks/app/pages/%5Bslug%5D/page-c762f0b18afa0d77.js\"],\"Image\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a:[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"head\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"rel\":\"shortcut icon\",\"href\":\"/next-resources/favicon.ico\",\"type\":\"image/vnd.microsoft.icon\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"rel\":\"preload\",\"href\":\"https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js\",\"as\":\"script\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"rel\":\"preconnect dns-prefetch\",\"href\":\"https://analytics.bmj.com\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"rel\":\"preconnect dns-prefetch\",\"href\":\"https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"rel\":\"preconnect dns-prefetch\",\"href\":\"https://cdn-eu.pagesense.io\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"rel\":\"preconnect dns-prefetch\",\"href\":\"https://popup.wisepops.com\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"rel\":\"preconnect dns-prefetch\",\"href\":\"https://www.medtargetsystem.com\"}],[\"$\",\"$L12\",null,{\"src\":\"https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js\",\"strategy\":\"afterInteractive\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"rel\":\"preload\",\"href\":\"https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js\",\"as\":\"script\"}],[\"$\",\"$L12\",null,{\"async\":true,\"src\":\"https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js\",\"type\":\"text/javascript\",\"data-domain-script\":\"565e50dd-f6e9-46d6-91cd-5c40a270264f\",\"id\":\"cookie-pro-script\"}],[\"$\",\"$L12\",null,{\"id\":\"otb-ads-consent\",\"children\":\"function OnetrustAdsConsent() {\\n if (window.googletag \u0026\u0026 window.googletag.apiReady) {\\n googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad();\\n googletag.pubads().setPrivacySettings({nonPersonalizedAds:!!OptanonActiveGroups.match(/,4,/)});\\n googletag.pubads().refresh();\\n } else {\\n setTimeout(OnetrustAdsConsent, 1000);\\n }\\n}\\nfunction OptanonWrapper() {\\n OnetrustAdsConsent();\\n}\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L13\",null,{\"adsLazyLoad\":true,\"adSlotIds\":{\"DEFAULT_BOTTOM_AD_ID\":\"/21798771943/BMJOPENRESPRES-BOTTOM\",\"DEFAULT_TOP_AD_ID\":\"/21798771943/BMJOPENRESPRES-TOP\",\"DEFAULT_MIDDLE_AD_ID\":\"/21798771943/BMJOPENRESPRES-MPU\",\"HOMEPAGE_BOTTOM_AD_ID\":\"/21798771943/BMJOPENRESPRES-BOTTOM\",\"HOMEPAGE_TOP_AD_ID\":\"/21798771943/BMJOPENRESPRES-TOP\"}}],[\"$\",\"$L14\",null,{\"id\":\"gtm-script\",\"children\":\"(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':\\n new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],\\n j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'\u0026l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=\\n 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);\\n })(window,document,'script','dataLayer', 'GTM-MBZ8PG');\"}],null,[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"border-b-bmj-silver-100 bg-bmj-siver-30 border-b flex items-center justify-center py-3 min-w-[auto] min-h-[100px] md:min-h-[250px]\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"id\":\"div-gpt-ad-3321227-1\",\"data-testid\":\"top-ad-slot\",\"className\":\"flex items-center justify-center w-[auto] h-[100px] md:h-[250px]\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L14\",null,{\"id\":\"slot-ad-div-gpt-ad-3321227-1\",\"children\":\"var googletag=googletag||{cmd:[]};googletag.cmd.push(function() {googletag.display(\\\"div-gpt-ad-3321227-1\\\");});\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"header\",null,{\"className\":\"hidden flex-wrap items-center justify-between px-4 md:flex md:flex-nowrap\",\"data-testid\":\"header-panel\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://journals.bmj.com\",\"className\":\"py-2 px-0 flex items-center\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"img\",null,{\"className\":\"h-[42px] w-[154px]\",\"data-testid\":\"bmj-journals-logo\",\"src\":\"/_next/static/media/logo-bmj-journals.c2a2899be06382c530c7bc1e5d61e633.svg\",\"alt\":\"BMJ Journals logo\"}]}],[\"$\",\"nav\",null,{\"className\":\"flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between md:flex-nowrap\",\"children\":[[],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"search-box\",\"className\":\"flex w-72 flex-col bg-white/20 p-2 pr-4 md:w-[343px] md:flex-row md:items-start md:p-0 md:pr-0 undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"form\",null,{\"role\":\"search\",\"method\":\"post\",\"action\":\"/search\",\"className\":\"flex undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"input\",null,{\"type\":\"textbox\",\"placeholder\":\"search\",\"name\":\"keywords\",\"title\":\"Search for:\",\"className\":\"border-bmj-silver-100 rounded-0 h-[34px] w-[207px] appearance-none border p-[5px] pl-[10px] align-middle text-[14px] undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"button\",null,{\"type\":\"submit\",\"name\":\"op\",\"className\":\"bg-bmj-siver-30 border-bmj-silver-100 rounded-0 ml-[-4px] h-[34px] appearance-none border py-[1px] pl-[10px] pr-[12px] text-[13.33px] undefined\",\"children\":\"Search\"}],[\"$\",\"input\",null,{\"type\":\"hidden\",\"name\":\"form_id\",\"value\":\"highwire_search_quicksearch_form_1\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex justify-start pl-[5px] pt-[3px] text-left md:justify-end undefined\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/search\",\"title\":\"Advanced Search\",\"className\":\"decoration-none lg:text-bmj-blue-500 mt-2 flex flex-row text-[12.75px] leading-[normal] md:mt-0 md:flex-col [\u0026\u003e:first-of-type]:mr-1 undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"children\":\"Advanced\"}],[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"children\":\"search\"}]]}]}]]}]]}]]}],[\"$\",\"$L15\",null,{\"hasSidepanelButtons\":false,\"menuData\":{\"navData\":[{\"key\":166,\"displayName\":\"Latest content\",\"link\":\"/content/current\"},{\"key\":315,\"displayName\":\"Topic Collections\",\"link\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/pages/topic-collections\"},{\"key\":167,\"displayName\":\"Archive\",\"link\":\"/content/by/year\"},{\"key\":168,\"displayName\":\"Authors\",\"link\":\"/pages/authors/\"},{\"key\":169,\"displayName\":\"About\",\"link\":\"/pages/about/\"}]},\"logo\":\"/next-resources/logo.svg\",\"searchFormUrl\":\"/search\",\"headerMenuData\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L7\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\"],\"error\":\"$16\",\"errorStyles\":[],\"errorScripts\":[],\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L9\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$L17\",\"notFoundStyles\":[],\"styles\":null}]}]}],[\"$\",\"footer\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"border-bmj-silver-100 border-t-solid m-0 ml-auto mr-auto flex w-full min-w-0 flex-wrap gap-4 border border-b-0 border-l-0 border-r-0 pl-4 pr-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"my-4\",\"href\":\"https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/\",\"data-testid\":\"association-logo-1-link\",\"aria-label\":\"BTS\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L18\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"association-logo-1\",\"title\":\"BTS\",\"src\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2023/03/society-logo-bts.png\",\"alt\":\"link to the website of the British Thoracic Society\",\"width\":90,\"height\":90}]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"my-4\",\"href\":\"https://www.sleepsociety.org.uk/\",\"data-testid\":\"association-logo-2-link\",\"aria-label\":\"BSS\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L18\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"association-logo-2\",\"title\":\"BSS\",\"src\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2023/03/BSS_logo-only-e1528974182457.jpg\",\"alt\":\"link to the British Sleep Society website\",\"width\":90,\"height\":113}]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"my-4\",\"href\":\"https://arns.co.uk/\",\"data-testid\":\"association-logo-3-link\",\"aria-label\":\"ARNS\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L18\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"association-logo-3\",\"title\":\"ARNS\",\"src\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2023/03/image-1-1.png\",\"alt\":\"link to the Association of Respiratory Nurse Specialists website\",\"width\":112,\"height\":90}]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"my-4\",\"href\":\"https://www.balr.co.uk/\",\"data-testid\":\"association-logo-4-link\",\"aria-label\":\"BALR\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L18\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"association-logo-4\",\"title\":\"BALR\",\"src\":\"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/bmjopenrespres/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2023/03/BALR_final-scaled-e1590770088581.jpg\",\"alt\":\"link to the British Association for Lung Research website\",\"width\":250,\"height\":78}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"bg-bmj-primary-brand text-bmj-white m-0 mx-auto flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col px-4 md:flex-row\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",\"206\",{\"data-testid\":\"footer-content\",\"className\":\"md:border-b-none [\u0026:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4\",\"children\":\"CONTENT\"}],[\"$\",\"ul\",null,{\"className\":\"ml-0 mb-4 pl-0\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"li\",\"207\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/content/current\",\"children\":\"Latest content\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"208\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/content/by/year\",\"children\":\"Archive\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"209\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/pages/browse-by-collection\",\"children\":\"Browse by collection\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"210\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/pages/top-cited-articles/\",\"children\":\"Top cited articles\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"211\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/pages/most-read-articles/\",\"children\":\"Most read articles\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"237\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/pages/sleep-highlights\",\"children\":\"Highlights from Sleep Research\"}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"a\",\"rss\",{\"href\":\"/pages/rss-feeds\",\"data-testid\":\"rss\",\"className\":\"[\u0026\u003eimg]:m-[2px] [\u0026\u003eimg]:p-[4px] [\u0026\u003eimg]:hover:bg-white/20\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"img\",null,{\"src\":\"https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/rss.svg\",\"alt\":\"rss-icon\",\"width\":\"35\",\"height\":\"35\"}]}],[\"$\",\"a\",\"x\",{\"href\":\"https://twitter.com/BMJOpen_Resp\",\"data-testid\":\"x\",\"className\":\"[\u0026\u003eimg]:m-[2px] [\u0026\u003eimg]:p-[4px] [\u0026\u003eimg]:hover:bg-white/20\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"img\",null,{\"src\":\"https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/x.svg\",\"alt\":\"x-icon\",\"width\":\"35\",\"height\":\"35\"}]}],[\"$\",\"a\",\"facebook\",{\"href\":\"https://facebook.com/bmjopen.respiratory/\",\"data-testid\":\"facebook\",\"className\":\"[\u0026\u003eimg]:m-[2px] [\u0026\u003eimg]:p-[4px] [\u0026\u003eimg]:hover:bg-white/20\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"img\",null,{\"src\":\"https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/facebook.svg\",\"alt\":\"facebook-icon\",\"width\":\"35\",\"height\":\"35\"}]}]]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"213\",{\"data-testid\":\"footer-journal\",\"className\":\"md:border-b-none [\u0026:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4\",\"children\":\"JOURNAL\"}],[\"$\",\"ul\",null,{\"className\":\"ml-0 mb-4 pl-0\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"li\",\"214\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/pages/about/\",\"children\":\"About\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"215\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/pages/editorial-board/\",\"children\":\"Editorial board\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"216\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts\u0026corpusCode=bmjresp\u0026fwdUrl=https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/\",\"children\":\"Sign up for email alerts\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"217\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/pages/thank-you-to-our-reviewers/\",\"children\":\"Thank you to our reviewers\"}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"218\",{\"data-testid\":\"footer-authors\",\"className\":\"md:border-b-none [\u0026:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4\",\"children\":\"AUTHORS\"}],[\"$\",\"ul\",null,{\"className\":\"ml-0 mb-4 pl-0\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"li\",\"219\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bmjresp\",\"children\":\"Submit an article\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"220\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/pages/authors/\",\"children\":\"Instructions for authors\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"226\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"http://authors.bmj.com/policies/\",\"children\":\"Editorial policies\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"227\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"http://openaccess.bmj.com/\",\"children\":\"Open access at BMJ\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"228\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/pages/faqs/\",\"children\":\"FAQs\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"229\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/pages/policies/\",\"children\":\"Policies\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"230\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"http://authors.bmj.com/\",\"children\":\"BMJ Author Hub\"}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"231\",{\"data-testid\":\"footer-help\",\"className\":\"md:border-b-none [\u0026:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4\",\"children\":\"HELP\"}],[\"$\",\"ul\",null,{\"className\":\"ml-0 mb-4 pl-0\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"li\",\"232\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"/pages/contact-us/\",\"children\":\"Contact us\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"233\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"http://journals.bmj.com/cgi/reprintform\",\"children\":\"Reprints\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"234\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/permissions\",\"children\":\"Permissions\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"235\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"http://www.bmj.com/company/for-advertisers-and-sponsor/\",\"children\":\"Advertising\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"236\",{\"className\":\"mb-4 list-none leading-none [\u0026:last-child]:mb-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [\u0026:hover]:underline\",\"href\":\"http://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/customerservice/salesforce-form.html\",\"children\":\"Feedback form\"}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex\",\"children\":\"$undefined\"}]]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"justify-normal m-0 mx-auto flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col px-4 pt-4 md:flex-row md:justify-between\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"relative h-[35px] w-[60px]\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"bmj-footer-logo-link\",\"href\":\"https://www.bmj.com/company/\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"img\",null,{\"src\":\"/_next/static/media/bmj-footer-logo.c6e1ad28003cb22dbd978555514ed05c.svg\",\"alt\":\"bmj-footer-logo\",\"height\":\"35\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"copyright-data-wrapper\",\"className\":\"flex flex-col items-start md:items-end [\u0026\u003e:first-of-type]:mt-0 [\u0026\u003espan:nth-of-type(2)]:whitespace-normal\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"a\",\"website-terms-and-conditions\",{\"data-testid\":\"website-terms-and-conditions\",\"href\":\"https://www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/\",\"className\":\"decoration-none text-bmj-normal text-bmj-blue-500 [\u0026:hover]:decoration-none [\u0026:hover]:text-bmj-primary-brand mb-2 [\u0026\u0026\u0026]:mt-2 [\u0026\u0026\u0026]:md:mt-0\",\"children\":\"Website Terms \u0026 Conditions\"}],[\"$\",\"a\",\"privacy-and-cookies\",{\"data-testid\":\"privacy-and-cookies\",\"href\":\"https://www.bmj.com/company/your-privacy/\",\"className\":\"decoration-none text-bmj-normal text-bmj-blue-500 [\u0026:hover]:decoration-none [\u0026:hover]:text-bmj-primary-brand mb-2 [\u0026\u0026\u0026]:mt-2 [\u0026\u0026\u0026]:md:mt-0\",\"children\":\"Privacy \u0026 Cookies\"}],[\"$\",\"a\",\"contact-bmj\",{\"data-testid\":\"contact-bmj\",\"href\":\"https://www.bmj.com/company/contact-us/\",\"className\":\"decoration-none text-bmj-normal text-bmj-blue-500 [\u0026:hover]:decoration-none [\u0026:hover]:text-bmj-primary-brand mb-2 [\u0026\u0026\u0026]:mt-2 [\u0026\u0026\u0026]:md:mt-0\",\"children\":\"Contact BMJ\"}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"#!\",\"data-testid\":\"cookie-settings\",\"id\":\"ot-sdk-btn\",\"className\":\"ot-sdk-show-settings decoration-none !mt:0 mb-2 cursor-pointer !border !border-[#43791A] !bg-transparent px-2 py-1 !text-[0.875rem] !text-[#43791A] duration-100 ease-linear md:mb-0 [\u0026:hover]:!bg-[#43791A] [\u0026:hover]:!text-white\",\"children\":\"Cookie settings\"}],[\"$\",\"span\",\"online-issn\",{\"data-testid\":\"online-issn\",\"className\":\"text-bmj-silver-800 whitespace-pre text-sm leading-normal [\u0026\u0026\u0026]:mt-2\",\"children\":\"Online ISSN: 2052-4439\"}],[\"$\",\"span\",\"copyright\",{\"data-testid\":\"copyright\",\"className\":\"text-bmj-silver-800 mb-2 mt-2 whitespace-pre text-[0.875rem]\",\"children\":\"Copyright © 2024 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd \u0026 British Thoracic Society. All rights reserved.\"}]]}]]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"border-t-divider bg-bmj-siver-30 border-t flex items-center justify-center py-3 min-w-[auto] min-h-[100px] md:min-h-[250px]\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"id\":\"div-gpt-ad-3321227-2\",\"data-testid\":\"bottom-ad-slot\",\"className\":\"flex items-center justify-center w-[auto] h-[100px] md:h-[250px]\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L14\",null,{\"id\":\"slot-ad-div-gpt-ad-3321227-2\",\"children\":\"var googletag=googletag||{cmd:[]};googletag.cmd.push(function() {googletag.display(\\\"div-gpt-ad-3321227-2\\\");});\"}]}]}]]}]]}]]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"17:[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex justify-between bg-white pt-2 md:mb-10 mb-[24px]\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"breadcrumbs\",\"className\":\"px-4\",\"children\":[]}]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts\u0026corpusCode=bmjresp\u0026fwdUrl=https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com\",\"className\":\"undefined text-bmj-blue-600 [\u0026:hover]:text-bmj-blue-700 hidden no-underline md:inline-block\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mr-2 flex\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bmj-primary-brand h-4 w-8\",\"data-testid\":\"envelope-icon\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 33 22\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 1H32V21H1V1Z\",\"fill\":\"white\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M31.9 20.8L21 9\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 20.5L11.8 9\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"mask\",null,{\"id\":\"path-4-inside-1\",\"fill\":\"white\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M0.600098 0.700012L16.6001 13.4L32.4001 0.900012\"}]}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M16.6001 13.4L15.9784 14.1833L16.5991 14.6759L17.2205 14.1843L16.6001 13.4ZM-0.0216079 1.48326L15.9784 14.1833L17.2218 12.6168L1.2218 -0.0832389L-0.0216079 1.48326ZM17.2205 14.1843L33.0205 1.68426L31.7797 0.115765L15.9796 12.6158L17.2205 14.1843Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"mask\":\"url(#path-4-inside-1)\"}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"mr-4 text-base leading-4\",\"data-testid\":\"email-alerts-link\",\"children\":\"Email alerts\"}]]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"404-page\",\"className\":\"flex min-h-[30rem] flex-col items-center justify-center pb-12 md:flex-row\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"img\",null,{\"src\":\"https://thebmj-frontend.bmj.com/next-resources/404-missing.svg\",\"width\":\"143\",\"height\":\"134\",\"alt\":\"not found\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"page-contain-link\",\"className\":\"flex w-full flex-col px-8 md:w-[50%] lg:px-16\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"py-4\",\"children\":\"Error 404: Not found\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"wrap-urls m-0 mt-3 text-[1.625rem] font-bold leading-9\",\"children\":\"Sorry, the page you requested is unavailable.\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"text-4 mb-4 mt-1 leading-6\",\"children\":[\"The link might be broken or no longer exist. If you believe this is an error, please\",\" \",[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/customerservice/support-home.html\",\"className\":\"decoration-none text-bmj-site-links [\u0026:hover]:decoration-underline\",\"children\":\"contact us.\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"m-0 mt-3 mb-4 text-[1.625rem] font-bold leading-9\",\"children\":\"Other useful links\"}],[[\"$\",\"ul\",\"/\",{\"data-testid\":\"link-number-0\",\"className\":\"m-0 mt-2 list-none p-0 first-of-type:mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/\",\"className\":\"decoration-none text-bmj-site-links [\u0026:hover]:decoration-underline\",\"children\":\"Homepage\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"ul\",\"/content/current\",{\"data-testid\":\"link-number-1\",\"className\":\"m-0 mt-2 list-none p-0 first-of-type:mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/content/current\",\"className\":\"decoration-none text-bmj-site-links [\u0026:hover]:decoration-underline\",\"children\":\"Current issue\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"ul\",\"/pages/authors\",{\"data-testid\":\"link-number-2\",\"className\":\"m-0 mt-2 list-none p-0 first-of-type:mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/pages/authors\",\"className\":\"decoration-none text-bmj-site-links [\u0026:hover]:decoration-underline\",\"children\":\"Authors\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"ul\",\"/pages/about\",{\"data-testid\":\"link-number-3\",\"className\":\"m-0 mt-2 list-none p-0 first-of-type:mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/pages/about\",\"className\":\"decoration-none text-bmj-site-links [\u0026:hover]:decoration-underline\",\"children\":\"About\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"ul\",\"/pages/contact-us\",{\"data-testid\":\"link-number-4\",\"className\":\"m-0 mt-2 list-none p-0 first-of-type:mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/pages/contact-us\",\"className\":\"decoration-none text-bmj-site-links [\u0026:hover]:decoration-underline\",\"children\":\"Help\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"ul\",\"https://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/permissions/\",{\"data-testid\":\"link-number-5\",\"className\":\"m-0 mt-2 list-none p-0 first-of-type:mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/permissions/\",\"className\":\"decoration-none text-bmj-site-links [\u0026:hover]:decoration-underline\",\"children\":\"Permissions\"}]}]}]]]}]]}]]\n"])</script></body></html>