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Suraia</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Parul Suraia"> <meta name="keywords" content="Parul Suraia"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Parul Suraia"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 20</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Parul Suraia</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Investigating Spatial Disparities in Health Status and Access to Health-Related Interventions among Tribals in Jharkhand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Suraia">Parul Suraia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshit%20Sosan%20Lakra"> Harshit Sosan Lakra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indigenous communities represent some of the most marginalized populations globally, with India labeled as tribals, experiencing particularly pronounced marginalization and a concerning decline in their numbers. These communities often inhabit geographically challenging regions characterized by low population densities, posing significant challenges to providing essential infrastructure services. Jharkhand, a Schedule 5 state, is infamous for its low-level health status due to disparities in access to health care. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the spatial inequalities in healthcare accessibility among tribal populations within the state and pinpoint critical areas requiring immediate attention. Health indicators were selected based on the tribal perspective and association of Sustainable Goal 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing) with other SDGs. Focused group discussions in which tribal people and tribal experts were done in order to finalize the indicators. Employing Principal Component Analysis, two essential indices were constructed: the Tribal Health Index (THI) and the Tribal Health Intervention Index (THII). Index values were calculated based on the district-wise secondary data for Jharkhand. The bivariate spatial association technique, Moran’s I was used to assess the spatial pattern of the variables to determine if there is any clustering (positive spatial autocorrelation) or dispersion (negative spatial autocorrelation) of values across Jharkhand. The results helped in facilitating targeting policy interventions in deprived areas of Jharkhand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribal%20health" title="tribal health">tribal health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20spatial%20disparities" title=" health spatial disparities"> health spatial disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20status" title=" health status"> health status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jharkhand" title=" Jharkhand"> Jharkhand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173538/investigating-spatial-disparities-in-health-status-and-access-to-health-related-interventions-among-tribals-in-jharkhand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Case Report and Discussion of Natural History of Bouveret Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Garg">Parul Garg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bouveret Syndrome is a rare presentation described as Gastric Outlet Obstruction secondary to Gallstone Ileus. Here we describe the 3-year progression of disease from cholelithiasis to gallstone ileus with relevant imaging findings. The patient was treated under an Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery service with surgical intervention in the form of a laparoscopic assisted procedure with midline laparotomy. She recovered well and was discharged 1 week post operatively. No complications occurred. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cholelithiasis" title="Cholelithiasis">Cholelithiasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouveret%20syndrome" title=" Bouveret syndrome"> Bouveret syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gallstone%20Ileus" title=" Gallstone Ileus"> Gallstone Ileus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastric%20outlet%20obstruction" title=" gastric outlet obstruction"> gastric outlet obstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127831/case-report-and-discussion-of-natural-history-of-bouveret-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Evaluating the Evolution of Public Art across the World and Exploring Its Growth in Urban India </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitali%20Kedia">Mitali Kedia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Kapoor"> Parul Kapoor </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Public Art is a tool with the power to enrich and enlighten any place; it has been accepted and welcomed effortlessly by many cultures around the World. In this paper, we discuss the implications Public Art has had on the society and how it has evolved over the years, and how in India, art in this aspect is still overlooked and treated as an accessory. Urban aesthetics are still substantially limited to the installation of deities, political figures, and so on. The paper also discusses various possibilities and opportunities on how Public Art can boost a society; it also suggests a framework that can be incorporated in the legal system of the country to make it a part of the city development process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20art" title="public art">public art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20fabric" title=" urban fabric"> urban fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placemaking" title=" placemaking"> placemaking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20welfare" title=" community welfare"> community welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20art%20program" title=" public art program"> public art program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imageability" title=" imageability"> imageability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78922/evaluating-the-evolution-of-public-art-across-the-world-and-exploring-its-growth-in-urban-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Experimental Analysis of Tools Used for Doxing and Proposed New Transforms to Help Organizations Protect against Doxing Attacks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Khanna">Parul Khanna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavol%20Zavarsky"> Pavol Zavarsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dale%20Lindskog"> Dale Lindskog</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Doxing is a term derived from documents, and hence consists of collecting information on an organization or individual through social media websites, search engines, password cracking methods, social engineering tools and other sources of publicly displayed information. The main purpose of doxing attacks is to threaten, embarrass, harass and humiliate the organization or individual. Various tools are used to perform doxing. Tools such as Maltego visualize organization’s architecture which helps in determining weak links within the organization. This paper discusses limitations of Maltego Chlorine CE 3.6.0 and suggests measures as to how organizations can use these tools to protect themselves from doxing attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20persistent%20threat" title="advanced persistent threat">advanced persistent threat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FOCA" title=" FOCA"> FOCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OSINT" title=" OSINT"> OSINT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PII" title=" PII"> PII</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47498/experimental-analysis-of-tools-used-for-doxing-and-proposed-new-transforms-to-help-organizations-protect-against-doxing-attacks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Unveiling Bengali Women’s Appreciation of Modernizing Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lopamudra%20Malek">Lopamudra Malek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is known to all that Japan was closed till 1853 abruptly; Commodore Culbreath Matthew Perry has played a pivotal role in Japan’s exposure to modernization and facing the real world as an Asian entity. As Japan opened its door for the world, Indians, especially four women from Bengal, visited Japan. They were Hariprova Takeda, Sarojnalini Dutta, Santa Devi and Parul Devi. All of them were from different entities, but there were some bewildering similarities also in their depiction. How they penetrated their exposure to modernizing Japan is the motto of the research. It should be mentioned that two of them were directly influenced by Rabindranath Tagore. The methodology that has been followed while doing this research is depending on secondary source materials, like books, articles, etc. Japan was changing herself relentlessly towards modernization and westernization and these four women had witnessed the changing Japan and how the changing Japan has reflected in their write-ups and autobiography is the fundamental part of the research. As all of them were women, they had compared themselves with Japanese women. The finding of the research is, astonishingly, all of them found and comprehended Japan as a country where women were having more financial sovereignty and freedom of thought comparing to India in those days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empowerment" title="empowerment">empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japan" title=" Japan"> Japan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modernization" title=" modernization"> modernization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137360/unveiling-bengali-womens-appreciation-of-modernizing-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Juridical Protection to Consumers in Electronic Contracts: Need of a Uniform International Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Sinha">Parul Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronic commerce facilitates increased choice and information on goods or services for consumers but at the same time it compounds the inequality of bargaining power many consumers face when contracting with sellers. Due to the ‘inequality of bargaining power’ experienced by consumers when contracting by electronic means with business sellers in different jurisdictions, it may be difficult to determine where either the consumer is domiciled or the place where the seller is situated or conducts its business. The question arises in such situation that if one party wants to sue the other, then where can one sue? Which court has jurisdiction to try international conflicts arising from electronic contracts concluded through the internet? Will the same rules applicable to conventional contracts apply? Or should other considerations be taken into account? In all these situations the degree of consumer protection in electronic contracts comes into picture. In the light of the above, the paper discusses the jurisdiction and choice of law rules applied in EU and United States. Further, the paper considers the current uncertainty plaguing questions of jurisdiction in India. Therefore, the jurisdiction and choice of law rules for electronic contracts must be applied consistently and provide an automatic, harmonised rule in favour of the consumer’s jurisdiction and law. Lastly, the paper suggests the need for a uniform law in order to achieve effective juridical protection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20commerce" title="electronic commerce">electronic commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20contracts" title=" electronic contracts"> electronic contracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jurisdiction" title=" jurisdiction"> jurisdiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20protection" title=" consumer protection"> consumer protection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79919/juridical-protection-to-consumers-in-electronic-contracts-need-of-a-uniform-international-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Characterization of Fateh Sagar Wetland and Its Catchment Area at Udaipur City, (Raj.) India, Using High Resolution Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Bhalla">Parul Bhalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarvesh%20Palria"> Sarvesh Palria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wetlands are areas of land that are either temporarily or permanently covered by water. Wetlands exhibit enormous diversity according to their genesis, geographical location, water regime and chemistry, dominant plants and soil or sediment characteristics. The spatial and temporal characteristics of wetland in terms of turbidity and aquatic vegetation could serve as guiding tool, in conservation prioritization of wetlands. The aquatic vegetation in the wetland is an indicator of the trophic status of the wetland which has a bearing on the water quality, the turbidity level in any wetland is indicative of the quality of the water in it. To conserve and manage wetland resources, it is important to have inventory of wetland and its catchment. Fateh Sagar wetland in Udaipur city is the one of the important wetland for tourism industry and other economic activities in the region. Realizing the importance of the wetland, the present study has been taken up with the specific objective of delineation and characterization of Fateh Sagar wetland in terms of turbidity and aquatic vegetation, using high resolution satellite data such as Cartosat and LISS IV multi-temporal data, which will efficiently bring out the changes in water spread and quality parameters. The catchment of wetland has been also characterized for various features. The study leads in to takes necessary steps to conserve the wetland and its resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquatic%20vegetation" title="aquatic vegetation">aquatic vegetation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catchment" title=" catchment"> catchment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbidity%20status" title=" turbidity status"> turbidity status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland" title=" wetland"> wetland</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35713/characterization-of-fateh-sagar-wetland-and-its-catchment-area-at-udaipur-city-raj-india-using-high-resolution-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> A Conceptual Design of Freeze Desalination Using Low Cost Refrigeration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Sahu">Parul Sahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, seawater desalination has been emerged as a potential resource to circumvent water scarcity, especially in coastal regions. Among the various methods, thermal evaporation or distillation and membrane operations like Reverse Osmosis (RO) has been exploited at commercial scale. However, the energy cost and maintenance expenses associated with these processes remain high. In this context Freeze Desalination (FD), subjected to the availability of low cost refrigeration, offers an exciting alternative. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) regasification terminals provide an opportunity to utilize the refrigeration available with regasification of LNG. This work presents the conceptualization and development of a process scheme integrating the ice and hydrate based FD to the LNG regasification process. This integration overcomes the high energy demand associated with FD processes by utilizing the refrigeration associated with LNG regasification. An optimal process scheme was obtained by performing process simulation using ASPEN PLUS simulator. The results indicated the new proposed process requires only 1 kWh/m³ of energy with the utilization of maximum refrigeration. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was also performed to study the effect of various process parameters on water recovery and energy consumption for the proposed process. The results show that the energy consumption decreases by 30% with an increase in water recovery from 30% to 60%. However, due to operational limitations associated with ice and hydrate handling in seawater, the water recovery cannot be maximized but optimized. The proposed process can be potentially used to desalinate seawater in integration with LNG regasification terminal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeze%20desalination" title="freeze desalination">freeze desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefied%20natural%20gas%20regasification" title=" liquefied natural gas regasification"> liquefied natural gas regasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20simulation" title=" process simulation"> process simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refrigeration" title=" refrigeration"> refrigeration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97577/a-conceptual-design-of-freeze-desalination-using-low-cost-refrigeration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Effect of Sr-Doping on Multiferroic Properties of Ca₁₋ₓSrₓMn₇O₁₂</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Jain">Parul Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitendra%20Saha"> Jitendra Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20C.%20Gupta"> L. C. Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyabrata%20Patnaik"> Satyabrata Patnaik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20K.%20Ganguli"> Ashok K. Ganguli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnamala%20Chatterjee"> Ratnamala Chatterjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study shows how sensitively and drastically multiferroic properties of CaMn₇O₁₂ get modified by isovalent Sr-doping, namely, in Ca₁₋ₓSrₓMn₇O₁₂ for x as small as 0.01 and 0.02. CaMn₇O₁₂ is a type-II multiferroic, wherein polarization is caused by magnetic spin ordering. In this report magnetic and ferroelectric properties of Ca₁₋ₓSrₓMn₇O₁₂ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) are investigated. Samples were prepared by wet sol gel technique using their respective nitrates; powders thus obtained were calcined and sintered in optimized conditions. The X-ray diffraction patterns of all samples doped with Sr concentrations in the range (0 ≤ x ≤ 10%) were found to be free from secondary phases. Magnetization versus temperature and magnetization versus field measurements were carried out using Quantum Design SQUID magnetometer. Pyroelectric current measurements were done for finding the polarization in the samples. Findings of the measurements are: (i) increase of Sr-doping in CaMn₇O₁₂ lattice i.e. for x ≤ 0.02, increases the polarization, whereas decreases the magnetization and the coercivity of the samples; (ii) the material with x = 0.02 exhibits ferroelectric polarization Ps which is more than double the Ps in the un-doped material and the magnetization M is reduced to less than half of that of the pure material; remarkably (iii) the modifications in Ps and M are reversed as x increases beyond x = 0.02 and for x = 0.10, Ps is reduced even below that for the pure sample; (iv) there is no visible change of the two magnetic transitions TN1 (90 K) and TN2 (48 K) of the pure material as a function of x. The strong simultaneous variations of Ps and M for x = 0.02 strongly suggest that either a basic modification of the magnetic structure of the material or a significant change of the coupling of P and M or possibly both. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferroelectric" title="ferroelectric">ferroelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isovalent" title=" isovalent"> isovalent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiferroic" title=" multiferroic"> multiferroic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization" title=" polarization"> polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyroelectric" title=" pyroelectric"> pyroelectric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52624/effect-of-sr-doping-on-multiferroic-properties-of-ca1srmn7o12" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Isolation, Characterization and Quantitation of Anticancer Constituent from Chloroform Extract of N. arbortristis L. Leaves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Grover">Parul Grover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Suri"> K. A. Suri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Kumar"> Raj Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulshan%20Bansal"> Gulshan Bansal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn is traditionally used as anticancer herb in Indian system of medicine, but its introduction into modern system of medicine is still awaited due to lack of systematic scientific studies. Objective: The objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize anticancer phytoconstituents from N. arbortristis L. leaves based on bioactivity guided fractionation. Method: Different extracts of the leaves of the plant were prepared by Soxhlet extractor. Each extract was evaluated for anticancer activity against HL-60 cell lines. Chloroform and HA extract showed potent anticancer activity and hence were selected for fractionation. Fraction C1 from chloroform extract was found to be most potent amongst all when tested against three cell lines (HL-60, A-549, and HCT-116) and thus was selected for further fractionation and a pure compound CP-01 was isolated. RP-HPLC method has been developed for quantification of isolated compound by using Kinetex C-18 column with gradient elution at 0.7 mL/min using mobile phase containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.01 M, pH 3.0) with acetonitrile. The wavelength of maximum absorption (λₘₐₓ) selected was 210 nm. Results: The structure of potent anticancer CP-01 was determined on the basis spectroscopic methods like IR, 1H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and Mass Spectrometry and it was characterized as 1,1,2-tris(2’,4’-di-tert-butylbenzene)-4,4-dimethyl-pent-1-ene. The content of CP-01 was found to be 0.88 %w/w of chloroform extract and 0.08 %w/w of N.arbortristis leaves. Conclusion: The study supports the traditional use of N. arbortristis as anticancer herb & the identified compound CP-01 can serve as an excellent lead to develop potent and safe anticancer drugs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticancer" title="anticancer">anticancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HL-60%20cell%20lines" title=" HL-60 cell lines"> HL-60 cell lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyctanthes%20arbor-tristis" title=" Nyctanthes arbor-tristis"> Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RP-HPLC" title=" RP-HPLC"> RP-HPLC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104616/isolation-characterization-and-quantitation-of-anticancer-constituent-from-chloroform-extract-of-n-arbortristis-l-leaves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Clinical and Radiological Features of Adenomyosis and Its Histopathological Correlation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surabhi%20Agrawal%20Kohli">Surabhi Agrawal Kohli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunita%20Gupta"> Sunita Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esha%20Khanuja"> Esha Khanuja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Garg"> Parul Garg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Gupta"> P. Gupta </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Adenomyosis is a common gynaecological condition that affects the menstruating women. Uterine enlargement, dysmenorrhoea, and menorrhagia are regarded as the cardinal clinical symptoms of adenomyosis. Classically it was thought, compared with ultrasonography, when adenomyosis is suspected, MRI enables more accurate diagnosis of the disease. Materials and Methods: 172 subjects were enrolled after an informed consent that had complaints of HMB, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and chronic pelvic pain. Detailed history of the enrolled subjects was taken, followed by a clinical examination. These patients were then subjected to TVS where myometrial echo texture, presence of myometrial cysts, blurring of endomyometrial junction was noted. MRI was followed which noted the presence of junctional zone thickness and myometrial cysts. After hysterectomy, histopathological diagnosis was obtained. Results: 78 participants were analysed. The mean age was 44.2 years. 43.5% had parity of 4 or more. heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) was present in 97.8% and dysmenorrhea in 93.48 % of HPE positive patient. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) and MRI had a sensitivity of 89.13% and 80.43%, specificity of 90.62% and 84.37%, positive likelihood ratio of 9.51 and 5.15, negative likelihood ratio of 0.12 and 0.23, positive predictive value of 93.18% and 88.1%, negative predictive value of 85.29% and 75% and a diagnostic accuracy of 89.74% and 82.5%. Comparison of sensitivity (p=0.289) and specificity (p=0.625) showed no statistically significant difference between TVS and MRI. Conclusion: Prevalence of 30.23%. HMB with dysmenorrhoea and chronic pelvic pain helps in diagnosis. TVS (Endomyometrial junction blurring) is both sensitive and specific in diagnosing adenomyosis without need for additional diagnostic tool. Both TVS and MRI are equally efficient, however because of certain additional advantages of TVS over MRI, it may be used as the first choice of imaging. MRI may be used additionally in difficult cases as well as in patients with existing co-pathologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adenomyosis" title="adenomyosis">adenomyosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20menstrual%20bleeding" title=" heavy menstrual bleeding"> heavy menstrual bleeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI" title=" MRI"> MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TVS" title=" TVS"> TVS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51885/clinical-and-radiological-features-of-adenomyosis-and-its-histopathological-correlation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Improvement of Artemisinin Production by P. indica in Hairy Root Cultures of A. annua L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Ahlawat">Seema Ahlawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Saxena"> Parul Saxena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Zainul%20Abdin"> Malik Zainul Abdin </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malaria is a major health problem in many developing countries. The parasite responsible for the vast majority of fatal malaria infections is Plasmodium falciparum. Unfortunately, most Plasmodium strains including P. falciparum have become resistant to most of the antimalarials including chloroquine, mefloquine, etc. To combat this problem, WHO has recommended the use of artemisinin and its derivatives in artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT). Due to its current use in artemisinin based-combination therapy (ACT), its global demand is increasing continuously. But, the relatively low yield of artemisinin in A. annua L. plants and unavailability of economically viable synthetic protocols are the major bottlenecks for its commercial production and clinical use. Chemical synthesis of artemisinin is also very complex and uneconomical. The hairy root system, using the Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA 9402 strain to enhance the production of artemisinin in A. annua L., is developed in our laboratory. The transgenic nature of hairy root lines and the copy number of trans gene (rol B) were confirmed using PCR and Southern Blot analyses, respectively. The effect of different concentrations of Piriformospora indica on artemisinin production in hairy root cultures were evaluated. 3% P. indica has resulted 1.97 times increase in artemisinin production in comparison to control cultures. The effects of P. indica on artemisinin production was positively correlated with regulatory genes of MVA, MEP and artemisinin biosynthetic pathways, viz. hmgr, ads, cyp71av1, aldh1, dxs, dxr and dbr2 in hairy root cultures of A. annua L. Mass scale cultivation of A. annua L. hairy roots by plant tissue culture technology may be an alternative route for production of artemisinin. A comprehensive investigation of the hairy root system of A. annua L. would help in developing a viable process for the production of artemisinin. The efficiency of the scaling up systems still needs optimization before industrial exploitation becomes viable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20annua%20L." title="A. annua L.">A. annua L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artemisinin" title=" artemisinin"> artemisinin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hairy%20root%20cultures" title=" hairy root cultures"> hairy root cultures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaria" title=" malaria"> malaria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22980/improvement-of-artemisinin-production-by-p-indica-in-hairy-root-cultures-of-a-annua-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Carbon Based Classification of Aquaporin Proteins: A New Proposal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Johri">Parul Johri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mala%20Trivedi"> Mala Trivedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Major Intrinsic proteins (MIPs), actively involved in the passive transport of small polar molecules across the membranes of almost all living organisms. MIPs that specifically transport water molecules are named aquaporins (AQPs). The permeability of membranes is actively controlled by the regulation of the amount of different MIPs present but also in some cases by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the channel. Based on sequence similarity, MIPs have been classified into many categories. All of the proteins are made up of the 20 amino acids, the only difference is there in their orientations. Again all the 20 amino acids are made up of the basic five elements namely: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen. These elements are responsible for giving the amino acids the properties of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity which play an important role in protein interactions. The hydrophobic amino acids characteristically have greater number of carbon atoms as carbon is the main element which contributes to hydrophobic interactions in proteins. It is observed that the carbon level of proteins in different species is different. In the present work, we have taken a sample set of 150 aquaporins proteins from Uniprot database and a dynamic programming code was written to calculate the carbon percentage for each sequence. This carbon percentage was further used to barcode the aqauporins of animals and plants. The protein taken from Oryza sativa, Zea mays and Arabidopsis thaliana preferred to have carbon percentage of 31.8 to 35, whereas on the other hand sequences taken from Mus musculus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens, Bos Taurus, and Rattus norvegicus preferred to have carbon percentage of 31 to 33.7. This clearly demarks the carbon range in the aquaporin proteins from plant and animal origin. Hence the atom level analysis of protein sequences can provide us with better results as compared to the residue level comparison. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquaporins" title="aquaporins">aquaporins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon" title=" carbon"> carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20prgramming" title=" dynamic prgramming"> dynamic prgramming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIPs" title=" MIPs"> MIPs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23189/carbon-based-classification-of-aquaporin-proteins-a-new-proposal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Activity-Based Safety Assessment of Real Estate Projects in Western India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patel%20Parul">Patel Parul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harsh%20Ganvit"> Harsh Ganvit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction industry is the second highest industry after agriculture provides employment in India. In developing countries like India, many construction projects are coming up to meet the demand. On the one hand, construction projects are increasing; on the other hand still, construction companies are struggling with many problems. One of the major problems is to ensure safe working conditions at the construction site. Due to a lack of safety awareness and ignorance of safety aspects, many fatal accidents are very common at the construction site in India. One of the key success factors for construction projects is “Accident-Free Construction Projects”. The construction projects can be divided into various categories like Infrastructure projects, industrial construction and real estate construction. Real estate projects are mainly comprised of commercial and residential projects. In the construction industry, private sectors play a huge role in urban and rural development and also contribute significantly to the growth of the nation. Infrastructure and Industrial projects are mainly executed by well-qualified construction contractors. For such projects, ensuring safety at construction projects is inevitable and probably one of the major clauses of contract documents as well. These projects are monitored from time to time by national agencies and researchers, too. However, Real estate projects are rarely monitored for safety aspects. No systematic contract system is followed for these projects. Safety is the most neglected aspect of these projects. In the current research projects, an attempt is made to carry out safety auditing for about 75 real estate projects. The objective of this work is to collect the activity-based safety survey of real estate projects in western India. The analysis of activity-based safety implementation for real estate projects is discussed in the present work. The activities are divided into three categories based on the data collected. The findings of this work will help local monitoring authorities to implement a safety management plan for real estate projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20safety" title="construction safety">construction safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20assessment" title=" safety assessment"> safety assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity-based%20safety" title=" activity-based safety"> activity-based safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20estate%20projects" title=" real estate projects"> real estate projects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182728/activity-based-safety-assessment-of-real-estate-projects-in-western-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Gender Roles in Modern Indian Marriages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Bhandari">Parul Bhandari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An image of a modern and progressive India garners the rhetoric of ‘choice’ marriages, gender egalitarian relationships, and search for ‘love’ in conjugal unions. Such an image especially resonates with the lives of young professionals, who, largely belonging to the middle class, consider themselves to be the global face India. While this rhetoric of ‘progress’ and ‘love’ is abounding in both Indian and non-Indian public discourses, it is imperative to scientifically analyse the veracity of these claims. This paper thus queries and problematises the notions of being modern and progressive, through the lens of gender roles as expected and desired in a process of matchmaking. The fieldwork conducted is based on qualitative methodology, involving in-depth interviews with 100 highly qualified professionals, (60 men and 40 women), between the age of 24-31, belonging to the Hindu religion and of varied castes and communities, who are residing in New Delhi, and are in the process of spouse-selection or have recently completed it. Further, an analysis of the structure and content of matrimonial websites, which have fast emerged as the new method of matchmaking, was also undertaken. The main finding of this paper is that gender asymmetries continue to determine a suitable match, whether in ‘arranged’ or ‘love’ marriages. This is demonstrated by analysing the expectations of gender roles and gender practices of both men and women, to construct an ideal of a ‘good match’. On the basis of the interviews and the content of matrimonial websites, the paper discusses the characteristics of a ‘suitable boy’ and a ‘suitable girl’, and the ways in which these are received (practiced or criticised) by the young men and women themselves. It is then concluded that though an ideal of ‘compatibility’ and love determines conjugal desires, traditional gender roles, that, for example, consider men as the primary breadwinner and women as responsible for the domestic sphere, continue to dictate urban Indian marriages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marriage" title=" marriage"> marriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20class" title=" middle class"> middle class</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35567/gender-roles-in-modern-indian-marriages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Evaluating the Challenges of Large Scale Urban Redevelopment Projects for Central Government Employee Housing in Delhi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Kapoor">Parul Kapoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dheeraj%20Bhardwaj"> Dheeraj Bhardwaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Delhi and other Indian cities accommodate thousands of Central Government employees in housing complexes called ‘General Pool Residential Accommodation’ (GPRA), located in prime parcels of the city. These residential colonies are now undergoing redevelopment at a massive scale, significantly impacting the ecology of the surrounding areas. Essentially, these colonies were low-rise, low-density planned developments with a dense tree cover and minimal parking requirements. But with increasing urbanisation and spike in parking demand, the proposed built form is an aggregate of high-rise gated complexes, redefining the skyline of the city which is a huge departure from the mediocre setup of Low-rise Walk-up apartments. The complexity of these developments is further aggravated by the need for parking which necessitates cutting huge number of trees to accommodate multiple layers of parking beneath the structures thus sidelining the authentic character of these areas which is laden with a dense tree cover. The aftermath of this whole process is the generation of a huge carbon footprint on the surrounding areas, which is unaccounted for, in the planning and design practice. These developments are currently planned as mix-use compounds with large commercial built-up spaces which have additional parking requirements over and above the residential parking. Also, they are perceived as gated complexes and not as neighborhood units, thus project isolated images of high-rise, dense systems with little context to the surroundings. The paper would analyze case studies of GPRA Redevelopment projects in Delhi, and the lack of relevant development control regulations which have led to abnormalities and complications in the entire redevelopment process. It would also suggest policy guidelines which can establish comprehensive codes for effective planning of these settlements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gated%20complexes" title="gated complexes">gated complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPRA%20Redevelopment%20projects" title=" GPRA Redevelopment projects"> GPRA Redevelopment projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=increased%20densities" title=" increased densities"> increased densities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=huge%20carbon%20footprint" title=" huge carbon footprint"> huge carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-use%20development" title=" mixed-use development"> mixed-use development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109045/evaluating-the-challenges-of-large-scale-urban-redevelopment-projects-for-central-government-employee-housing-in-delhi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Experiments to Study the Vapor Bubble Dynamics in Nucleate Pool Boiling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Goel">Parul Goel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyeshtharaj%20B.%20Joshi"> Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20K.%20Nayak"> Arun K. Nayak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nucleate boiling is characterized by the nucleation, growth and departure of the tiny individual vapor bubbles that originate in the cavities or imperfections present in the heating surface. It finds a wide range of applications, e.g. in heat exchangers or steam generators, core cooling in power reactors or rockets, cooling of electronic circuits, owing to its highly efficient transfer of large amount of heat flux over small temperature differences. Hence, it is important to be able to predict the rate of heat transfer and the safety limit heat flux (critical heat flux, heat flux higher than this can lead to damage of the heating surface) applicable for any given system. A large number of experimental and analytical works exist in the literature, and are based on the idea that the knowledge of the bubble dynamics on the microscopic scale can lead to the understanding of the full picture of the boiling heat transfer. However, the existing data in the literature are scattered over various sets of conditions and often in disagreement with each other. The correlations obtained from such data are also limited to the range of conditions they were established for and no single correlation is applicable over a wide range of parameters. More recently, a number of researchers have been trying to remove empiricism in the heat transfer models to arrive at more phenomenological models using extensive numerical simulations; these models require state-of-the-art experimental data for a wide range of conditions, first for input and later, for their validation. With this idea in mind, experiments with sub-cooled and saturated demineralized water have been carried out under atmospheric pressure to study the bubble dynamics- growth rate, departure size and frequencies for nucleate pool boiling. A number of heating elements have been used to study the dependence of vapor bubble dynamics on the heater surface finish and heater geometry along with the experimental conditions like the degree of sub-cooling, super heat and the heat flux. An attempt has been made to compare the data obtained with the existing data and the correlations in the literature to generate an exhaustive database for the pool boiling conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title="experiment">experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiling" title=" boiling"> boiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubbles" title=" bubbles"> bubbles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubble%20dynamics" title=" bubble dynamics"> bubble dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20boiling" title=" pool boiling"> pool boiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15355/experiments-to-study-the-vapor-bubble-dynamics-in-nucleate-pool-boiling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Estimation of Noise Barriers for Arterial Roads of Delhi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sourabh%20Jain">Sourabh Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Madan"> Parul Madan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic noise pollution has become a challenging problem for all metro cities of India due to rapid urbanization, growing population and rising number of vehicles and transport development. In Delhi the prime source of noise pollution is vehicular traffic. In Delhi it is found that the ambient noise level (Leq) is exceeding the standard permissible value at all the locations. Noise barriers or enclosures are definitely useful in obtaining effective deduction of traffic noise disturbances in urbanized areas. US’s Federal Highway Administration Model (FHWA) and Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CORTN) of UK are used to develop spread sheets for noise prediction. Spread sheets are also developed for evaluating effectiveness of existing boundary walls abutting houses in mitigating noise, redesigning them as noise barriers. Study was also carried out to examine the changes in noise level due to designed noise barrier by using both models FHWA and CORTN respectively. During the collection of various data it is found that receivers are located far away from road at Rithala and Moolchand sites and hence extra barrier height needed to meet prescribed limits was less as seen from calculations and most of the noise diminishes by propagation effect.On the basis of overall study and data analysis, it is concluded that FHWA and CORTN models under estimate noise levels. FHWA model predicted noise levels with an average percentage error of -7.33 and CORTN predicted with an average percentage error of -8.5. It was observed that at all sites noise levels at receivers were exceeding the standard limit of 55 dB. It was seen from calculations that existing walls are reducing noise levels. Average noise reduction due to walls at Rithala was 7.41 dB and at Panchsheel was 7.20 dB and lower amount of noise reduction was observed at Friend colony which was only 5.88. It was observed from analysis that Friends colony sites need much greater height of barrier. This was because of residential buildings abutting the road. At friends colony great amount of traffic was observed since it is national highway. At this site diminishing of noise due to propagation effect was very less.As FHWA and CORTN models were developed in excel programme, it eliminates laborious calculations of noise. There was no reflection correction in FHWA models as like in CORTN model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IFHWA" title="IFHWA">IFHWA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CORTN" title=" CORTN"> CORTN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noise%20Sources" title=" Noise Sources"> Noise Sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noise%20Barriers" title=" Noise Barriers"> Noise Barriers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124303/estimation-of-noise-barriers-for-arterial-roads-of-delhi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Prediction of Endotracheal Tube Size in Children by Predicting Subglottic Diameter Using Ultrasonographic Measurement versus Traditional Formulas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Jindal">Parul Jindal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubhi%20Singh"> Shubhi Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priya%20Ramakrishnan"> Priya Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shailender%20Raghuvanshi"> Shailender Raghuvanshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Knowledge of the influence of the age of the child on laryngeal dimensions is essential for all practitioners who are dealing with paediatric airway. Choosing the correct endotracheal tube (ETT) size is a crucial step in pediatric patients because a large-sized tube may cause complications like post-extubation stridor and subglottic stenosis. On the other hand with a smaller tube, there will be increased gas flow resistance, aspiration risk, poor ventilation, inaccurate monitoring of end-tidal gases and reintubation may also be required with a different size of the tracheal tube. Recent advancement in ultrasonography (USG) techniques should now allow for accurate and descriptive evaluation of pediatric airway. Aims and objectives: This study was planned to determine the accuracy of Ultrasonography (USG) to assess the appropriate ETT size and compare it with physical indices based formulae. Methods: After obtaining approval from Institute’s Ethical and Research committee, and parental written and informed consent, the study was conducted on 100 subjects of either sex between 12-60 months of age, undergoing various elective surgeries under general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation. The same experienced radiologist performed ultrasonography. The transverse diameter was measured at the level of cricoids cartilage by USG. After USG, general anesthesia was administered using standard techniques followed by the institute. An experienced anesthesiologist performed the endotracheal intubations with uncuffed endotracheal tube (Portex Tracheal Tube Smiths Medical India Pvt. Ltd.) with Murphy’s eye. He was unaware of the finding of the ultrasonography. The tracheal tube was considered best fit if air leak was satisfactory at 15-20 cm H₂O of airway pressure. The obtained values were compared with the values of endotracheal tube size calculated by ultrasonography, various age, height, weight-based formulas and diameter of right and left little finger. The correlation of the size of the endotracheal tube by different modalities was done and Pearson's correlation coefficient was obtained. The comparison of the mean size of the endotracheal tube by ultrasonography and by traditional formula was done by the Friedman’s test and Wilcoxon sign-rank test. Results: The predicted tube size was equal to best fit and best determined by ultrasonography (100%) followed by comparison to left little finger (98%) and right little finger (97%) and age-based formula (95%) followed by multivariate formula (83%) and body length (81%) formula. According to Pearson`s correlation, there was a moderate correlation of best fit endotracheal tube with endotracheal tube size by age-based formula (r=0.743), body length based formula (r=0.683), right little finger based formula (r=0.587), left little finger based formula (r=0.587) and multivariate formula (r=0.741). There was a strong correlation with ultrasonography (r=0.943). Ultrasonography was the most sensitive (100%) method of prediction followed by comparison to left (98%) and right (97%) little finger and age-based formula (95%), the multivariate formula had an even lesser sensitivity (83%) whereas body length based formula was least sensitive with a sensitivity of 78%. Conclusion: USG is a reliable method of estimation of subglottic diameter and for prediction of ETT size in children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endotracheal%20intubation" title="endotracheal intubation">endotracheal intubation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric%20airway" title=" pediatric airway"> pediatric airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subglottic%20diameter" title=" subglottic diameter"> subglottic diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20formulas" title=" traditional formulas"> traditional formulas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonography" title=" ultrasonography"> ultrasonography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88060/prediction-of-endotracheal-tube-size-in-children-by-predicting-subglottic-diameter-using-ultrasonographic-measurement-versus-traditional-formulas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Capability of a Single Antigen to Induce Both Protective and Disease Enhancing Antibody: An Obstacle in the Creation of Vaccines and Passive Immunotherapies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Kulshreshtha">Parul Kulshreshtha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subrata%20Sinha"> Subrata Sinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Bhatnagar"> Rakesh Bhatnagar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted by taking B. anthracis as a model pathogen. On infecting a host, B. anthracis secretes three proteins, namely, protective antigen (PA, 83kDa), edema factor (EF, 89 kDa) and lethal factor (LF, 90 kDa). These three proteins are the components of two anthrax toxins. PA binds to the cell surface receptors, namely, tumor endothelial marker (TEM) 8 and capillary morphogenesis protein (CMG) 2. TEM8 and CMG2 interact with LDL-receptor related protein (LRP) 6 for endocytosis of EF and LF. On entering the cell, EF acts as a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase that causes a prolonged increase of cytosolic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). LF is a metalloprotease that cleaves most isoforms of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKK/MEK) close to their N-terminus. By secreting these two toxins, B.anthracis ascertains death of the host. Once the systemic levels of the toxins rise, antibiotics alone cannot save the host. Therefore, toxin-specific inhibitors have to be developed. In this wake, monoclonal antibodies have been developed for the neutralization of toxic effects of anthrax toxins. We created hybridomas by using spleen of mice that were actively immunized with rLFn (recombinant N-terminal domain of lethal factor of B. anthracis) to obtain anti-toxin antibodies. Later on, separate group of mice were immunized with rLFn to obtain a polyclonal control for passive immunization studies of monoclonal antibodies. This led to the identification of one cohort of rLFn-immunized mice that harboured disease-enhancing polyclonal antibodies. At the same time, the monoclonal antibodies from all the hybridomas were being tested. Two hybridomas secreted monoclonal antibodies (H8 and H10) that were cross-reactive with EF (edema factor) and LF (lethal factor), while the other two hybridomas secreted LF-specific antibodies (H7 and H11). The protective efficacy of H7, H8, H10 and H11 was investigated. H7, H8 and H10 were found to be protective. H11 was found to have disease enhancing characteristics in-vitro and in mouse model of challenge with B. anthracis. In this study the disease enhancing character of H11 monoclonal antibody and anti-rLFn polyclonal sera was investigated. Combination of H11 with protective monoclonal antibodies (H8 and H10) reduced its disease enhancing nature both in-vitro and in-vivo. But combination of H11 with LETscFv (an scFv with VH and VL identical to H10 but lacking Fc region) could not abrogate the disease-enhancing character of H11 mAb. Therefore it was concluded that for suppression of disease enhancement, Fc portion was absolutely essential for interaction of H10 with H11. Our study indicates that the protective potential of an antibody depends equally on its idiotype/ antigen specificity and its isotype. A number of monoclonal and engineered antibodies are being explored as immunotherapeutics but it is absolutely essential to characterize each one for their individual and combined protective potential. Although new in the sphere of toxin-based diseases, it is extremely important to characterize the disease-enhancing nature of polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies. This is because several anti-viral therapeutics and vaccines have failed in the face of this phenomenon. The passive –immunotherapy thus needs to be well formulated to avoid any contraindications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunotherapy" title="immunotherapy">immunotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyclonal" title=" polyclonal"> polyclonal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monoclonal" title=" monoclonal"> monoclonal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibody-dependent%20disease%20enhancement" title=" antibody-dependent disease enhancement"> antibody-dependent disease enhancement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41365/capability-of-a-single-antigen-to-induce-both-protective-and-disease-enhancing-antibody-an-obstacle-in-the-creation-of-vaccines-and-passive-immunotherapies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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